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'{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Carlisle, Pennsylvania | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Borough | motto = "Excellence in Community Service" | image_skyline = Carlisle, Pennsylvania.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Downtown Carlisle in April 2011 | image_flag = Flag of Carlisle PA.png | flag_size = | image_seal = Carlisle_coat_of_arms.jpg | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA | pushpin_label = Carlisle | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Carlisle in [[Pennsylvania]] and the [[United States]] | pushpin_label_position = left | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = Borough Council | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Sean Shultz ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor | leader_name1 = Brenda Landis ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1751 | established_title1 = Incorporated | established_date1 = 1782 | named_for = [[Carlisle]], England | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 14.07 | area_land_km2 = 14.05 | area_water_km2 = 0.02 | area_total_sq_mi = 5.43 | area_land_sq_mi = 5.42 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.01 | area_water_percent = | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/> | population_total = 20118 | population_density_km2 = 1432.19 | population_density_sq_mi = 3709.07 | timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]] | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | coordinates = {{coord|40|12|09|N|77|11|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 146 | elevation_ft = 479 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = 17013, 17015 | area_code = [[Area codes 717 and 223|717 and 223]] | website = {{URL|www.carlislepa.org}} | footnotes = | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 42-11272 | image_map = File:Cumberland County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Carlisle Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Location of Carlisle in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_est = }} '''Carlisle''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in and the [[county seat]] of [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> Carlisle is located within the [[Cumberland Valley]], a highly productive agricultural region. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the borough population was 20,118;<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts - Carlisle borough, Pennsylvania |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/carlisleboroughpennsylvania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213081726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4211272 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=June 18, 2015 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder}}</ref> including suburbs in the neighboring townships, 37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is the smaller principal city of the [[Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area]], which includes all of Cumberland, [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin]], and [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry]] counties in [[South Central Pennsylvania]]. The [[United States Army War College|U.S. Army War College]], located at [[Carlisle Barracks]], prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U.S. Army installations and the most senior military educational institution in the [[United States Army]]. Carlisle Barracks is home of the [[U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center|United States Army Heritage and Education Center]], an archives and museum complex open to the public. Carlisle also hosts [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]] and [[Dickinson College]]. ==History== The [[France|French]]-born fur trader [[James Le Tort]] may have built a cabin in the area as early as 1720.<ref>[https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Cumberland_County/Carlisle_Borough.html Carlisle Borough, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UnZOAQAAMAAJ Godcharles, Frederic Antes, ''Chronicles of Central Pennsylvania.'' Lewis historical publishing Company, Incorporated, 1944.]</ref>{{rp|113}} During the [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial era]], [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scots-Irish]] settlers began to settle in the Cumberland Valley beginning in the early 1730s. The settlement of Carlisle, at the intersection of several Indigenous trails, was designated by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly|Pennsylvania assembly]] and the [[William Penn#Family|Penn family]] in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County (named for the [[Cumberland|county of the same name]] in England). American engineer [[John Armstrong Sr.]], a surveyor for the Penn family, laid the plan for the settlement of Carlisle in 1751. Armstrong Sr. settled there and fathered [[John Armstrong Jr.]] in 1758. They named the settlement after its sister town of [[Carlisle, Cumbria|the same name]] in [[Cumberland]], England, and even designed its former jailhouse (which now serve as general government offices in the county) to resemble the [[Carlisle Citadel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitcumbria.com/car/carlisle-citadel/|title=Carlisle Citadel|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> As a result of [[American Indian Wars|conflicts]] on the [[American frontier|frontier]] with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American tribes]], a stockade was constructed in the settlement to protect against potential attacks in 1753. In 1755, the stockade was transformed into a fort, known as Fort Carlisle or Fort Lowther.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKG_Carlisle_Fort_Carlisle_PA|title=Carlisle Fort - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> In 1757, colonel-commandant [[John Stanwix]]—for whom [[Fort Stanwix]] in upstate New York was named—–established his headquarters in Carlisle, and was promoted to [[brigadier general]] on December 27. During the [[French and Indian War]] (the North American theater of the [[Seven Years' War]]), the largely successful [[Forbes Expedition]] was organized in Carlisle in 1758; [[Henry Bouquet]] also organized a military expedition from the settlement in 1763 during [[Pontiac's War]].{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} The [[American Guide Series|Pennsylvania guide]], compiled by the Writers' Program of the [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] in 1940, described the early history of Carlisle's [[public square]] and the physical changes that had occurred by the first half of the 20th century, noting that the square, located at the<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State|last=Federal Writers' Project|date=1940|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=1st|page=197|location=New York}}</ref>{{Blockquote |text=intersection of Hanover and High Sts., is now hardly recognizable as such, for the market house, courthouse, and church have encroached on it. But in the early days its limits were clearly defined. The square was the camping ground of Indian delegations in the tense days when the French were invading the [[Ohio Valley]], the gathering place of Revolutionary mass meetings, and the nucleus of a compact little settlement. Here occurred the touching reunion of the Indian captive, Regina, and her mother, after [[Henry Bouquet|Colonel Bouquet]] had forced the conquered tribes to surrender their prisoners in 1764. Regina, a German girl whose family name is given variously as Hartman and Leininger, had been taken captive when small, and had forgotten her mother. With tears coursing down her cheeks the mother then sang a song she once had used as a [[lullaby]]:<poem style="margin-left: 2em;"> ''Allein, und doch nicht ganz allein, ''Bin ich in meiner Einsamkeit. [Alone, yet not alone am I, in this my solitude]</poem> and the long lost daughter rushed into her mother's arms. |author=Federal Writers'Project|title="Part II: Cities and Towns" |source=''Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State'' (1940) }} The settlement of Carlisle was largely supportive of the [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot cause]] during the [[American Revolution]], and numerous individuals from the settlement served in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. Carlisle contains the home of lawyer [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]], who served as a representative to the [[Continental Congress]]; Wilson was a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] in addition to being one of the framers of the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AJF_James_Wilson_Carlisle_PA|title=James Wilson - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> The First Presbyterian Church, begun in 1757 and completed in 1770, is the oldest building in Carlisle, and was where the Rev. John Steel (known as "The Fighting Parson") gave sermons in support of the Patriot cause during the American Revolution. The church was also where Pennsylvania settlers met on July 12, 1774, to sign a document protesting the [[Boston Port Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3AKP_First_Presbyterian_Church_Carlisle_PA|title=First Presbyterian Church - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/cumberland/history/local/beers1886/beers-05.txt {{Bare URL plain text|date=March 2022}}</ref> A year later Carlisle supplied a contingent for a [[line infantry]] regiment of the [[Continental Army]]. Steel was named commander of the leading company of this group when they marched from Carlisle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstprescarlisle.org/our-history/the-rocky-road-to-the-meeting-house |title=The Rocky Road to the Meeting House &#124; First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle |publisher=Firstprescarlisle.org |access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> No longer standing but marked by a historical marker is the home of [[Ephraim Blaine]], Commissary General of Revolutionary Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM34PQ_Blaine_House_Carlisle_PA|title=Blaine House - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> Also, no longer standing but commemorated, is the home of Gen. [[John Armstrong Sr.]], "Hero of [[Kittanning Expedition|Kittanning]]," Revolutionary officer, and member of the Continental Congress. Still standing is the gun shop of Thomas Butler Sr., an [[Irish Americans|Irish immigrant]], who manufactured [[long rifle]]s during the French and Indian War. He later became Chief Armorer for The First Continental Congress. He and his five sons served in the Revolutionary War and were known as "The Fighting Butlers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3EQH_Thomas_Butler_Carlisle_PAs|title=Thomas Butler - Carlisle, PA - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> His eldest son was [[Richard Butler (general)]]. Carlisle also served as a munitions depot during the American Revolutionary War. The depot was later developed into the [[United States Army War College]] at Carlisle Barracks. Revolutionary War legend [[Molly Pitcher]] died in the borough in 1832, and her body lies buried in the Old Public Graveyard. A hotel was built in her honor, called the Molly Pitcher Hotel; it has since been renovated to house apartments for senior citizens. Carlisle was incorporated as a [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] a few years after the war on April 13, 1782. Carlisle continued to play a part in the early development in the United States through the end of the century: In response to a planned march in favor of the [[United States Constitution]] in 1787, [[Anti-Federalists]] instigated a riot in Carlisle. A decade later, during the [[Whiskey Rebellion]] in 1794, the troops of Pennsylvania and [[New Jersey]] assembled in Carlisle under the leadership of President [[George Washington]].<ref>{{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Carlisle (2.) |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page=110 }}</ref> While in Carlisle, the president worshiped in the First Presbyterian Church at the corner of Hanover Street and High Street. [[Benjamin Rush]], a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], developed Carlisle Grammar School in 1773 and chartered it as Dickinson College—the first new college founded in the newly recognized United States. One of the college's more famous alumni, the 15th U.S. president, [[James Buchanan]], graduated in 1809.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Klein| first=Philip S.| title=President James Buchanan: A Biography| publisher=American Political Biography Press| location=Newtown, CT| ref=Klein| year=1962| edition=1995| isbn=0-945707-11-8| pages=9–12}}</ref> The [[Dickinson School of Law]], founded in 1834 and affiliated then with Dickinson College, ranks as the fifth-oldest law school in the United States and the oldest law school in Pennsylvania. On June 2, 1847, Carlisle was the site of the McClintock Slave Riot, which that broke out after a [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|fugitive slave]] hearing at the courthouse; several of the fugitive slaves were able to escape during the fray with the help of Carlisle's black residents, while one of the [[slave catchers]] later died of his wounds. A [[Dickinson College]] professor, John McClintock, was tried and acquitted for his role in the riot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://housedivided.dickinson.edu/sites/slavery/files/2019/12/2019-Slavery-Report-FINAL-2.pdf |title=Dickinson & Slavery: A Report to the Community |date=August 2019 |work=House Divided Project |publisher=[[Dickinson College]] }}</ref> A general borough law of 1851 (amended in 1852) authorized a burgess and a borough council to administer the government of the borough of Carlisle. {{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Carlisle, Pennsylvania (5656229890).jpg|210px]] | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJI4FzevUw Cumberland County Courthouse Tour], Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 29:27 }} Leading up to the [[American Civil War]], Carlisle served as a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]]. During the war, an army of the [[Confederate States of America]], under General [[Fitzhugh Lee]], attacked and shelled the borough during the [[Battle of Carlisle]] on July 1, 1863, as part of the [[Gettysburg Campaign]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} A cannonball dent can still be seen on one of the columns of the historic county courthouse. United States Army Lieutenant [[Richard Henry Pratt]] founded [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] in 1879 as the first federally supported school for [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] off a reservation. The United States government maintained the school, housed at Carlisle Barracks as an experiment in educating Native Americans and teaching them to reject tribal culture and to adapt to white society. Pratt retired from the Army in 1903 and from supervising the school as its superintendent in 1904. Athletic hero [[Jim Thorpe]] entered the school in 1907 and joined its football team under coach [[Glenn Warner|Glenn "Pop" Warner]] in 1908. Playing halfback, Jim Thorpe led the team to startling upset victories over powerhouses [[Harvard Crimson football|Harvard]], [[Army West Point Black Knights football|Army]], and the [[Penn Quakers football|University of Pennsylvania]] in 1911–12, bringing nationwide attention to the school. Marianne Moore taught there c. 1910. Carlisle Indian School closed in 1918.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlisle Indian School Project|url=https://carlisleindianschoolproject.com/|url-status=live|access-date=November 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208203508/http://carlisleindianschoolproject.com/ |archive-date=February 8, 2016 }}</ref> [[Dickinson School of Law]] was chartered as an independent institution in 1890. Dickinson School of Law merged into the [[Pennsylvania State University]] in 1997 as [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]]. Carlisle was the original eastern terminus of the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] when it opened in October 1940.<ref>{{cite web|title=75 Years of Turnpike History|url=https://www.paturnpike.com/yourTurnpike/ptc_history.aspx|publisher=Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref> The [[Carlisle Historic District (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Historic District]], [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]], [[Hessian Powder Magazine]], [[Carlisle Armory (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Armory]], and [[Old West, Dickinson College]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> ==Geography== Carlisle is located slightly northeast of the center of Cumberland County at {{Coord|40|12|9|N|77|11|42|W|type:city}} (40.202553, −77.195016) at an elevation of {{convert|479|ft|m}}.<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref><ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The borough lies in the [[Cumberland Valley]], a section of the [[Great Appalachian Valley]], to the south of [[Conodoguinet Creek]], a tributary of the [[Susquehanna River]]. Letort Spring Run, a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek, runs north through the eastern part of the borough. Carlisle lies in south-central Pennsylvania, southwest of the intersection of [[Interstate 76 (east)|Interstate 76]] (the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]) and [[Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania|Interstate 81]], roughly {{convert|20|mi}} west-southwest of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the state capital. By road, it is approximately {{convert|80|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Baltimore]] and {{convert|124|mi|abbr=on}} west-northwest of [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Google Maps | publisher = Google Maps | url = https://maps.google.com | access-date = June 18, 2015}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Carlisle has a total area of {{convert|14.35|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|14.33|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqkm|order=flip|2}}, or 0.14%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/> ===Climate=== Carlisle has a [[Humid continental climate|humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfa'')]] with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The average temperature in Carlisle is 51.3&nbsp;°F (10.7&nbsp;°C) with temperatures exceeding 90&nbsp;°F (32&nbsp;°C) an average of 16 days a year and dropping below 32&nbsp;°F (0&nbsp;°C) an average of 119 days a year. On average, the borough receives 38.8&nbsp;inches (986&nbsp;mm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall averages 29.8&nbsp;inches (757&nbsp;mm) per year.<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | title = Historical Weather for Carlisle, Pennsylvania, United States of America | publisher = Weatherbase | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=367063&refer=&units=us | access-date = 2010-04-03}}</ref> On average, January is the coolest month, July is the warmest month, and September is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Carlisle was 102&nbsp;°F (39&nbsp;°C) in 1966; the coldest temperature recorded was −19&nbsp;°F (−28&nbsp;°C) in 1994.<ref name=TWC>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0234 |title=Average weather for Carlisle, PA |access-date= 2010-04-03 |publisher=[[The Weather Channel]]}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1991&ndash;2020 normals, extremes 1873&ndash;present |single line = Y | Jan high F = 38.1 | Feb high F = 41.0 | Mar high F = 50.0 | Apr high F = 62.6 | May high F = 72.5 | Jun high F = 81.1 | Jul high F = 85.5 | Aug high F = 83.8 | Sep high F = 77.4 | Oct high F = 65.9 | Nov high F = 53.5 | Dec high F = 42.2 |year high F = 62.8 |Jan mean F = 29.3 |Feb mean F = 31.3 |Mar mean F = 39.5 |Apr mean F = 50.5 |May mean F = 60.7 |Jun mean F = 69.8 |Jul mean F = 74.0 |Aug mean F = 72.3 |Sep mean F = 65.3 |Oct mean F = 53.7 |Nov mean F = 42.9 |Dec mean F = 33.7 |year mean F = 51.9 | Jan low F = 20.5 | Feb low F = 21.6 | Mar low F = 28.9 | Apr low F = 38.5 | May low F = 48.9 | Jun low F = 58.5 | Jul low F = 62.5 | Aug low F = 60.8 | Sep low F = 53.2 | Oct low F = 41.5 | Nov low F = 32.3 | Dec low F = 25.3 |year low F = 41.0 |Jan record high F = 68 |Feb record high F = 82 |Mar record high F = 83 |Apr record high F = 93 |May record high F = 94 |Jun record high F = 100 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 100 |Sep record high F = 96 |Oct record high F = 92 |Nov record high F = 78 |Dec record high F = 68 |year record high F = |Jan record low F = -12 |Feb record low F = -12 |Mar record low F = 2 |Apr record low F = 22 |May record low F = 29 |Jun record low F = 42 |Jul record low F = 45 |Aug record low F = 45 |Sep record low F = 32 |Oct record low F = 17 |Nov record low F = 8 |Dec record low F = 2 |year record low F = |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 3.06 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.58 | Mar precipitation inch = 4.05 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.79 | May precipitation inch = 4.73 | Jun precipitation inch = 4.42 | Jul precipitation inch = 5.45 | Aug precipitation inch = 4.03 | Sep precipitation inch = 4.96 | Oct precipitation inch = 4.26 | Nov precipitation inch = 3.13 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.57 |year precipitation inch = 48.03 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 8.8 | Feb precipitation days = 9.2 | Mar precipitation days = 9.4 | Apr precipitation days = 11.4 | May precipitation days = 14.5 | Jun precipitation days = 11.8 | Jul precipitation days = 11.2 | Aug precipitation days = 11.1 | Sep precipitation days = 9.0 | Oct precipitation days = 10.6 | Nov precipitation days = 7.8 | Dec precipitation days = 10.3 | year precipitation days = 125.1 |Jan snow inch = 7.7 |Feb snow inch = 9.6 |Mar snow inch = 4.8 |Apr snow inch = 0.2 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.5 |Nov snow inch = 0.9 |Dec snow inch = 4.0 |year snow inch = 27.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jan snow days = 3.2 |Feb snow days = 3.2 |Mar snow days = 1.8 |Apr snow days = 0.2 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.1 |Nov snow days = 0.3 |Dec snow days = 1.9 |year snow days = 10.7 |source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00361920&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Carlisle WTP, PA |access-date = April 30, 2023 }} </ref> |source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData> {{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=ctp |publisher = National Weather Service |title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS State College |access-date = April 30, 2023 }} </ref> }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1800= 2052 |1810= 2491 |1820= 2908 |1830= 3708 |1840= 4351 |1850= 4581 |1860= 5664 |1870= 6650 |1880= 6209 |1890= 7620 |1900= 9626 |1910= 10303 |1920= 10916 |1930= 12596 |1940= 13984 |1950= 16812 |1960= 16623 |1970= 18079 |1980= 18314 |1990= 18419 |2000= 17970 |2010= 18682 |2020= 20118 |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 11, 2014|df=mdy|author-link=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref> }} As of the census of 2000, there were 17,970 people, 7,426 households, and 4,010 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|3,308.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 8,032 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,479.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 88.93% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.92% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.60% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.71% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.96% of the population. There were 7,426 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.81. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $33,969, and the median income for a family was $46,588. Males had a median income of $34,519 versus $25,646 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,394. About 8.6% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over. ==Economy== Leading industries in Carlisle's past have included Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company (founded 1917), Masland Carpets (founded 1866), and The Frog, Switch and Manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frog Switch & Manufacturing Co/The |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FRSW:US |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Carlisle Tire and Rubber and Masland Carpets have since gone out of business, and both plants were demolished in 2013. [[Amazon.com]] is one of several warehouse facilities in the city. In 2013, [[Apple, Inc.|Apple]] opened an [[AppleCare]] device repair facility southeast of the Interstate 81 overpass over the Pennsylvania Turnpike to cover American customers east of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://9to5mac.com/2013/10/29/apple-opens-up-new-east-coast-u-s-applecare-center-to-speed-up-repairs/|title=Apple opens up new East Coast U.S. AppleCare center to speed up repairs|last=Gurman|first=Mark|date=29 October 2013|publisher=[[9to5Mac]]|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref> ==Arts and culture== Carlisle is famous to many people for its car shows, put on regularly by Carlisle Events throughout the spring, summer, and fall at the [[Carlisle Fairgrounds]]. In addition to the regularly scheduled shows there are specialty shows, including the GM Nationals, the Ford Nationals, the Chrysler Nationals, the Truck Nationals, Corvettes at Carlisle, and the Import/Kit Car Nationals. Partly because of its location at the intersection of two major trucking routes ([[I-81]] and [[Interstate 76 (east)|I-76]]), air pollution within the borough often falls within the range considered by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] as "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" [i.e., children, the elderly, and people with respiratory or heart disease]. The pollutant typically involved is PM2.5, [[Atmospheric particulate matter|particulate matter]] composed of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cumberlink.com/news/local/air-quality-it-s-worse-here-than-in-baltimore-d/article_12976820-ade6-11e2-90f3-001a4bcf887a.html|title=Air Quality: It's worse here than in Baltimore, D.C. and Philly - and it's making us sick|last=Croley|first=Christen|date=Apr 25, 2013|website=The Sentinel|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> The Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet (CPYB), a ballet school and performing company known internationally for their alumni, is based in Carlisle. Students from across the country, and even across the world, come to live with host families to participate in CPYB's rigorous training. Carlisle is the headquarters of the [[Giant-Carlisle|Giant Food]] supermarkets in Pennsylvania. Carlisle was home to the [[Washington Commanders|Washington Redskins]] training camp for many years. In 1986, cornerback [[Darrell Green]] ran the [[40-yard dash]] at [[Dickinson College]] in 4.09 seconds. Although the result was unofficial, it is the fastest "legitimate" time ever recorded in the 40-yard dash. Two privately funded historical markers are located in Carlisle: one for the Hamilton Restaurant's Hot-Chee Dog and another for the Old Town Pump, which provided fresh spring water to Carlisle and "eventually became the source of a legend that claimed anyone who drank from the pump would return to Carlisle no matter how far they roamed".<ref>{{cite news | date = June 14, 2021 | title = Home of the Hot-Chee Dog to be recognized with historical marker | url = https://www.pennlive.com/food/2021/06/home-of-the-hot-chee-dog-to-be-recognized-with-historical-marker.html | work = Penn-Live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Gitt | first = Tammie | date = June 28, 2021 | title = Pump it Up: Carlisle's second 'Legends & Lore' marker to be unveiled Thursday | url = https://cumberlink.com/news/local/pump-it-up-carlisles-second-legends-lore-marker-to-be-unveiled-thursday/article_ec7006e4-e7df-565e-876f-d780008559ed.html | work = The Sentinel}}</ref> ==Education== ===Colleges and universities=== * [[Dickinson College]] * [[Penn State Dickinson School of Law]] * [[United States Army War College]] ===Public schools=== *[[Carlisle Area School District]] ===Private schools=== As reported by the National Center for Educational Statistics<ref>ies, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Private School Universe Survey 2008</ref> *Carlisle Christian Academy *Blue Ridge Mennonite School *Dickinson College Children's Center *Hidden Valley School *St Patrick School *The Christian School of Grace Baptist Church ==Media== ===Print=== Carlisle has one daily newspaper, ''[[The Sentinel (Pennsylvania)|The Sentinel]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = About this Newspaper: The sentinel. | work = Chronicling America | publisher = [[Library of Congress]] | url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86013742/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref> ===Radio=== '''AM''' {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" |+ align=bottom | ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency''' ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=AMQ AM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825063614/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator>{{cite web | title = Radio-Locator | publisher = Radio-Locator | url = http://www.radio-locator.com/ | access-date = 2010-04-05}}</ref> ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]''' ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes''' |- |960||[[WHYL]]||[[Adult Standards]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||- |- |1000||[[WIOO]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||- |} '''FM''' {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" |+ align=bottom | ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Frequency''' ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[Callsign]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=FMQ FM Radio Database Query |publisher=[[Federal Communications Commission]] |url=http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |access-date=2010-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825071957/http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html |archive-date=August 25, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Format'''<ref name=Locator/> ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''[[City of License]]''' ! style="background:#fcc;"| '''Notes''' |- |88.3||[[WDCV-FM]]||[[Variety (radio)|Variety]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Dickinson College]] [[college radio|radio]] |- |93.1||[[WBYO|W226AS]]||[[Contemporary Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WBYO]], [[Sellersville, Pennsylvania]] |- |97.9||[[WIOO|W250AP]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Translator of [[WIOO]] |- |101.7||[[Family Radio|W269AS]]||[[Christian radio|Christian]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||[[Family Radio]] translator |- |102.3||[[WCAT-FM]]||[[Country music|Country]]||Carlisle, Pennsylvania||Broadcasts from [[Camp Hill, Pennsylvania]] |} ==Notable people== {{See also|:Category:Carlisle Indian Industrial School alumni}} * [[Charles J. Albright]] (1816–1883), [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]] from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896">{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location=Chicago | year = 1963}}</ref> * [[James Armstrong (Pennsylvania politician)|James Armstrong]], congressman from Pennsylvania<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/> * [[John Armstrong Jr.]], [[United States Secretary of War]]<ref name="Marquis 1607-1896"/> * [[Deborah Birx]], American physician and diplomat. * [[Ashley Bouder]], ballet dancer * [[Sid Bream]], Major League Baseball player * [[Jackson Bostwick]], actor * [[Alice Bridges]], (1916-2011), Olympic bronze medalist at age 20 in 100 m swimming event (1936 Berlin Olympics); resided in Carlisle * [[William Davidson (Pennsylvania representative)|William Davidson]] (1783-1867), Pennsylvania State Senator for the 17th district from 1817 to 1824 * [[Stephen Duncan]], the wealthiest cotton planter in the South prior to Civil War, and second largest slave owner in the country<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Engerman | first1 = Stanley L. | year = 1976 | editor1-last = Owens | editor1-first = Harry P. | title = The Southern Slave Economy | work = Perspectives and Irony in American Slavery | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G94yBvej-WcC&pg=PP1 | publisher = University Press of Mississippi | page = 107| isbn = 9781617034534 }}</ref> * [[Cheston Lee Eshelman]], inventor, aviator, manufacturer (Cheston L. Eshelman Company) and automaker (see [[Eshelman]]) * [[Harold J. Greene]] (1955-2014), United States Army soldier<ref name=MortuaryAffairs>{{cite web|url=http://www.mortuary.af.mil/pressreleases/pressreleasearchive/story.asp?id=123420524|title=Army Maj. Gen. Harold J. Greene honored in dignified transfer Aug. 7|work=United States Air Force|publisher=United States Department of the Air Force|author=Air Force Mortuary Affairs|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> * [[Arthur Japy Hepburn]] (1877–1964), admiral whose naval career spanned Spanish–American War, World War I, and World War II * [[John Huzvar]] (1929–2007), football player * [[Carrie Imler]], ballet dancer * [[Alexander J. Irwin]], Wisconsin territorial legislator * [[Robert Irwin Jr.]], Michigan territorial legislator * [[Pat LaMarche]], Homeless advocate, Vice Presidential Candidate 2004 * [[Jeff Lebo]], former men's basketball coach at [[East Carolina University]] * [[Lois Lowry]], author of children's literature, awarded [[Newbery Medal]] twice; several childhood years were spent in Carlisle, her mother's hometown * [[Andrew G. Miller]], [[United States federal judge]] * [[Marianne Moore]], [[Modernism|Modernist]] poet and writer * [[Charles Franklin Moss]], photographer and artist * [[Billy Owens]], former [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player * [[Molly Pitcher]] (Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley), heroine at the [[Battle of Monmouth]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]; a statue of her can be seen in Old Cemetery, where she is buried * [[David L. Smith (politician)|David L. Smith]] (born 1827), member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicalport00garn/page/698/mode/2up |title=Biographical and Portrait Cyclopedia of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Comprising A Historical Sketch of the County |year=1893 |last=Wiley |first=Samuel T. |editor-last=Garner |editor-first=Winfield Scott |publisher=Gresham Publishing Company |pages=699–700 |via=[[Archive.org]] |access-date=2023-11-18}}{{Open access}}</ref> * [[John T. Smith (congressman)|John T. Smith]] (1801-1864), U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1843 to 1845 * [[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]], a [[List of United States Senators from Maryland|U.S. senator]] and [[Maryland's 5th congressional district|congressman]] from Maryland, born in Carlisle in 1752 * [[Abi Stafford]], ballet dancer * [[Jonathan Stafford]], ballet dancer and artistic director of [[New York City Ballet]] *[[Robin Thomas]], actor * [[Jim Thorpe]] (1887-1953), iconic athlete, Olympic gold medalist, football player and coach; considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports *[[Lemuel Todd]] (1817-1891), U.S. congressman, officer in the [[1st Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment]] * [[Frederick Watts]], U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture (1871–1876) and "Father of [[Penn State University]]" * [[Samuel Wilkeson]], former mayor of [[Buffalo, New York]] * [[William Wilkins (American politician)|William Wilkins]] (1779-1865), U.S. Senator 1831–34, U.S. Representative, U.S. Secretary of War * [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]], signer of [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], twice elected to the [[Continental Congress]], a major force in the drafting of the nation's [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] * [[Lee Woodall]], former [[National Football League|NFL]] player * Lt. Col. [[Jay Zeamer Jr.]], [[World War II]] [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] veteran and Medal of Honor recipient ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Ridner, Judith. ''A Town In-Between: Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior'' ( 2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Town--Between-Carlisle-Pennsylvania-Mid-Atlantic/dp/081224236X/ excerpt and text search] ==External links== {{Portal|Pennsylvania}} {{commons category}} * {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |ref=none |wstitle=Carlisle (Pennsylvania) |volume=5 |page=342 |short=x}} * [http://www.carlislepa.org/ Borough of Carlisle official website] * [http://www.visitcumberlandvalley.com Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau] * [http://www.frontiernet.net/~rochballparks3/carlisle/carlisle.htm Photographs of the Spring Carlisle collector car swap meet – ''Rochester Area Ballparks''] * [http://www.stahlseite.de/frogswitch.htm Photographs of the Frogswitch foundry in Carlisle] {{Cumberland County, Pennsylvania}} {{County Seats of Pennsylvania}} {{PA Home Rule Municipality}} {{Pennsylvania}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Carlisle, Pennsylvania| ]] [[Category:Boroughs in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]] [[Category:County seats in Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area|C]] [[Category:Susquehanna Valley]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1751]] [[Category:1751 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]] [[Category:1782 establishments in Pennsylvania]] [[Category:American Civil War sites]] [[Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad]]'