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'{{Short description|African-American artist (1963–2001)}} {{Infobox artist | name = Michael Richards | image = Michael Richards (sculptor) portrait.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Michael Rolando Richards | birth_date = {{birth date|1963|8|2}} | birth_place = New York City, US | death_date = {{Death date and age|2001|09|11|1963|08|02}} | death_place = [[New York City]], US | education = | alma_mater = MFA [[New York University]], <br />BFA [[Queens College]] | movement = | awards = | patrons = | bgcolour = | imagesize = | field = | training = | works = ''Tar Baby vs. St. Sebastian'' | influenced by = | influenced = }} [[File:Tar Baby vs St Sebastian by Michael Richards.jpg|thumb|''Tar Baby vs. St. Sebastian'' by Michael Richards]] '''Michael Rolando Richards''' (August 2, 1963 – September 11, 2001) was an African-American artist and sculptor of Jamaican and Costa Rican ancestry who was killed during the [[September 11 attacks]] while in his art studio on the 92nd floor of the World Trade Center's North Tower.<ref name="nyt-diehl-23">{{cite news |last1=Diehl |first1=Travis |title=A Meteoric Career, Cut Short, Still Burns Bright |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/31/arts/design/michael-richards-bronx-museum.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 31, 2023}}</ref> He explored his African-American history and identity through sculpture, conceptual art, and installation pieces. Influenced by the [[Black Arts Movement]] of the 1970s, Richards delved into African-American history and folklore for images that would expose the contradictions of American society. Richards worked primarily in bronze. ==Early life== Richards was born in [[Brooklyn]], New York, and raised in [[Kingston, Jamaica]].<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> He graduated with honors from [[Excelsior High School (Jamaica)|Excelsior High School]] and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from [[Queens College]] and a Master of Arts from [[New York University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://blackartblog.blackartdepot.com/features/featured-ethnic-artist/michael-rolando-richards.html|title=The Sculpture of Michael Rolando Richards|date=2010-09-15|work=Black Art Depot Today|access-date=October 1, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074353/http://blackartblog.blackartdepot.com/features/featured-ethnic-artist/michael-rolando-richards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1992-93, he participated in the [[Whitney_Museum#Independent_Study_Program|Independent Study Program]] at the Whitney Museum of American Art. ==Career== Richards was an African-American sculptor of Jamaican and Costa Rican ancestry. He explored his African-American history and identity through sculpture, conceptual art, and installation pieces. Influenced by the [[Black Arts Movement]] of the 1970s, Richards delved into African-American history and folklore for images that would expose the contradictions of American society. Richards worked primarily in bronze.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Month/month.htm|title=Gone But Not Forgotten - (Michael Richards - 1963 - 2001)|last=Vallen|first=Mark|website=Art for a Change|date=2001|accessdate=February 25, 2018}}</ref> He was an artist-in-residence at the [[Studio Museum in Harlem]] in 1996 and showed his work there in "Passages" in 1999.<ref name="artnet2001">{{Cite web|date=September 25, 2001|url=http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/news/artnetnews/artnetnews9-25-01.asp|title=Artnet News|work=[[Artnet]]}}</ref> Richards received several fellowships during his lifetime. In 2000, he received the Franconia Sculpture Park / Jerome Fellowship. It was during this time that he created the "Are You Down" piece that is now displayed in the park. He was also a recipient of a studio residency from the [[Lower Manhattan Cultural Council]]. This fellowship provided him with his "Studio in the Sky" in the World Trade Center.<ref name=":0" /> His first work, entitled ''Are You Down?'', is located in [[Franconia, Minnesota]], at [[Franconia Sculpture Park]]. Franconia Sculpture Park is a community arts organization that provides residence and work space to emerging and established artists. ''Are You Down?'' featured three sculptures of [[Tuskegee Airmen]]<ref name="Franconia Sculpture Park"/> and was best described by Glenn Gordon: <blockquote>[A] tableau of three nearly life-sized human figures. Three parachutists fallen from the sky, they sit disconsolate on the ground in what appear (once the snow has melted to reveal them) to be puddles of tar. Backs turned to one another, the figures form a triangle about twelve feet on a side. Within the triangle is a large bulls-eye flat on the ground, the target where the men had aimed to land. Their heads clad in close-fitting leather aviator helmets, their shirts torn from the drop, the figures represent three downed aviators from the storied, all-black Tuskegee Airmen's Squadron of the Second World War, men whose images Richards (using himself as his model) returned to in his work obsessively, again and again. They speak not so much of the exhilaration of flight as of dreams of freedom crashed to Earth.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote> Though originally cast in fiberglass, it was recast in bronze in 2012. to serve as a permanent memorial to Richards and his work.<ref name="Franconia Sculpture Park">{{Cite web |title=Are You Down? |date=2 April 2019 |publisher=Franconia Sculpture Park |access-date=February 24, 2021 |url= https://www.franconia.org/michael-richards/ }}</ref> This has made it the only permanent sculpture in the park.<ref name=":0" /> The ''New York Times'' noted the dual meaning of the title: "'Are You Down?' means, 'Are you with me?' It's also a call to a missing pilot."<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> In a 1997 interview, Richards said that "the idea of flight relates to my use of pilots and planes, but it also references the Black church, the idea of being lifted up, enraptured, or taken up to a safe place {{emdash}} to a better world."<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> Richards's 1999 sculpture ''Tar Baby vs. St. Sebastian'' featured a [[Tuskegee Airman]] portrayed as [[St. Sebastian]] and was a part of his "Tuskegee Airmen Collection" that he spent over ten years creating. [[St. Sebastian]] was an early Christian martyr and the patron saint of soldiers and athletes because of his physical endurance. St. Sebastian was executed by being shot full of arrows for protecting captured Christians he was supposed to imprison. However, in this sculpture, it was a Tuskegee Airman who was being pierced by multiple airplanes. ''Tar Baby vs. St. Sebastian'' measures seven feet tall and is made out of resin and steel. Richards actually cast his own body in plastic resin to create this sculpture and others.<ref name=":0" /> ''Tar Baby vs. St. Sebastian'' is currently located at the [[North Carolina Museum of Art]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], and was initially presented in the show ''Passages: Contemporary Art in Transition'' by Deidre Scott. It was this work that led to Richards being considered the "most prolific artist to come through The Studio Museum A-I-R program" by [[Franklin Sirmans]].<ref name=":0"/> The [[Corcoran Gallery of Art]] presented a solo show by Richards in 2000.<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> Other notable pieces by Richards include ''Air Fall 1 (His Eye Is on the Sparrow, and I Know He’s Watching Me)'', ''Icarus Wings'n'Things'', ''Escape Plan 100'', ''Escape Plan 76 (Brer Plane in the Briar Patch)'' (1996), ''A Loss of Faith Brings Vertigo'' (1994), ''Climbing Jacob's Ladder (He Lost His Head)'' (1994), ''Great Black Airmen (Tuskegee)'' 1996, and ''[Untitled] (Free F'All)'' (1997).<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> Some pieces are lost, surviving only in photographs. ''Every Nigga Is a Star'', a "silver statue of a Tuskegee pilot riding a flaming meteor", was in Richards's studio on September{{nbsp}}11.<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> In 2021, the [[Museum of Contemporary Art North Miami]] exhibited a career retrospective called "Michael Richards: Are You Down?" to run through the 20th anniversary of the World Trade Center attack.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://communitynewspapers.com/miami-beach-news/museum-of-contemporary-art-north-miami-moca-to-present-retrospective-of-late-afro-caribbean-artist-michael-richards-on-view-april-21-through-oct-10-2021/ |title=Museum of Contemporary Art North Miami (MOCA) to Present Retrospective of Late Afro-Caribbean Artist Michael Richards; On View April 21 through Oct. 10, 2021 |date=March 2, 2021 |website=CommunityNewspapers.com |publisher=Miami's Community News |access-date=June 9, 2021}}</ref> "Are You Down?" later was exhibited at the [[Bronx Museum of the Arts]].<ref name="nyt-diehl-23"/> ==Death== Richards was killed on [[September 11, 2001]], during the World Trade Center attack while in his art studio on the 92nd floor of the World Trade Center's North Tower.<ref name=":0"/> Richards had decided to spend the night in his studio instead of make the two-hour trip back home to Queens.<ref name="nyt-bahrampour-01">{{cite news |last1=Bahrampour |first1=Tara |title=REVERBERATIONS; Losing a Studio, but Not a Calling |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/30/nyregion/reverberations-losing-a-studio-but-not-a-calling.html |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=September 30, 2001}}</ref> When [[American Airlines Flight 11]] crashed into the tower between floors 93 and 99, the elevators were inoperable and debris from the impact zone landed onto the 92nd Floor to seal up each of the three stairwells, making it impossible for anyone to escape on that floor. As a result, no one on Floor 92 and higher in the North Tower was able to survive.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 26, 2002|title=102 MINUTES: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/102-minutes-last-words-at-the-trade-center-fighting-to-live-as-the-towers-die.html|access-date=June 13, 2023}}</ref> The Michael Richards Fund was created to support artists of Caribbean descent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lmcc.net/grants/past_grant_programs/michael_richards_fund |title=Michael Richards Fund |website=LMCC.net |publisher=Lower Manhattan Cultural Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814234139/http://lmcc.net/grants/past_grant_programs/michael_richards_fund |access-date=June 9, 2021|archive-date=2013-08-14 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Richards, Michael Rolando}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:2001 deaths]] [[Category:New York University alumni]] [[Category:Victims of the September 11 attacks]] [[Category:Terrorism deaths in New York (state)]] [[Category:People murdered in New York City]] [[Category:Jamaican emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:20th-century American sculptors]] [[Category:20th-century American male artists]] [[Category:American male sculptors]] [[Category:African-American sculptors]] [[Category:Sculptors from New York (state)]] [[Category:20th-century African-American artists]] [[Category:21st-century African-American politicians]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]]'