Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Investigative agency of the Republic of China government}} {{Expand Chinese|監察院|topic=gov|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox government agency | name = Control Yuan | native_name_a = {{lang|zh-TW|監察院}} | native_name_r = Jiānchá Yuàn ([[Taiwanese Mandarin|Mandarin]])<br>Kàm-tshat Īnn ([[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]])<br>Kam-chhat Yen ([[Taiwanese Hakka|Hakka]]) | type = | seal = Emblem of Control Yuan (2021).svg | seal_size = 200px | seal_caption = Seal of the Control Yuan | seal_alt = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | formed = {{unbulletedlist|{{start date and age|df=yes|1928|2|16}}<br>(pre-constitution)|{{start date and age|df=yes|1948|6|4}}<br>([[Constitution of the Republic of China|1947 Constitution]])|{{start date and age|df=yes|1993|2|1}}<br>([[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|1992 Constitution amendment]])}} | preceding1 = Auditing Yuan | dissolved = | superseding1 = | agency_type = | jurisdiction = {{TWN}} | status = | headquarters = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] | coordinates = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = [[Chen Chu]] | chief1_position = [[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President of the Control Yuan]] | chief2_name = [[Lee Hung-chun]] | chief2_position = [[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President of the Control Yuan]] | keydocument1 = [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Additional Articles]] and the original [[Constitution of the Republic of China]] | website = {{URL|https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/|www.cy.gov.tw}} | footnotes = | embed = }} {{Infobox legislature | name = Control Yuan | native_name = {{lang|zh-TW|監察院}} |background_color = #00008B |text_color = #FFFFFF | native_name_lang = | transcription_name = | legislature = | coa_pic = | coa_res = | coa_alt = | coa_caption = | logo_pic = | logo_res = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | house_type = [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|Upper house]] | body = | jurisdiction = | houses = | term_limits = | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1948|06|04}} | disbanded = {{End date and age|df=yes|1993|02|01}} | preceded_by = | succeeded_by = | new_session = | leader1_type = | leader1 = | party1 = | election1 = | leader2_type = | leader2 = | party2 = | election2 = | leader3_type = | leader3 = | party3 = | election3 = | leader4_type = | leader4 = | party4 = | election4 = | leader5_type = | leader5 = | party5 = | election5 = | leader6_type = | leader6 = | party6 = | election6 = | leader7_type = | leader7 = | party7 = | election7 = | seats = 178 | house1 = | house2 = | structure1 = | structure1_res = | structure1_alt = | structure2 = | structure2_res = | structure2_alt = | political_groups1 = | political_groups2 = | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | term_length = 6 years | authority = [[Constitution of the Republic of China]] | salary = | seats1_title = | seats1 = | seats2_title = | seats2 = | seats3_title = | seats3 = | seats4_title = | seats4 = | seats5_title = | seats5 = | seats6_title = | seats6 = | seats7_title = | seats7 = | seats8_title = | seats8 = | voting_system1 = [[Indirect election]] | voting_system2 = | first_election1 = | first_election2 = | first_election3 = | last_election1 = | last_election2 = | last_election3 = | next_election1 = | next_election2 = | next_election3 = | redistricting = | motto = | session_room = Former Legislative Yuan & Control Yuan in Nanjing 2011-10.JPG | session_res = 300px | session_alt = | meeting_place = Control Yuan Building, [[Nanjing|Nanking]] (1948-1950)<br>Control Yuan Building, [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan]] | session_room2 = | session_res2 = | session_alt2 = | meeting_place2 = | website = | constitution = [[Constitution of the Republic of China]] | footnotes = }} {{Infobox Chinese |pic= |piccap=Emblem of the Control Yuan used until 2021. |picsize=200px |t = 監察院 |s = 监察院 |bpmf = ㄐㄧㄢ ㄔㄚˊ ㄩㄢˋ |w=Chien¹-ch'a² Yüan⁴ |p=Jiānchá Yuàn |tp=Jianchá Yuàn |mps=Jiānchá Yuàn |gr=Jianchar Yuann |tl=Kàm-tshat Īnn |poj=Kàm-chhat Iⁿ |h=Kam-chhat Yen }} {{Politics of Taiwan}} The '''Control Yuan''' is the supervisory and [[Government performance auditing|auditory]] [[separation of powers|branch]] of the government of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]], both during its time in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|mainland China]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Andrew |date=2009-08-23 |title=Taiwan's Leader Faces Anger Over Storm Response |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/world/asia/24taiwan.html |access-date=2020-08-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817072255/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/world/asia/24taiwan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Designed as a hybrid of [[auditor]] and [[ombudsman]] by [[Law of Taiwan|Taiwanese law]], the Control Yuan holds the following powers:<ref name="Additional">See Additional Articles of the Constitution art. 7, available at {{Cite web|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000002|title=Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan)|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814234310/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000002|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''[[Impeachment]]'': The Control Yuan has the power to impeach government officials. Successfully impeached cases then go to the Disciplinary Court of the [[Judicial Yuan]] for adjudication.<ref>{{cite act |date=20 May 2015 |article=23 |legislature=[[Legislative Yuan]] |title=公務員懲戒法 |trans-title=Public Functionary Disciplinary Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=A0030155 |language=zh }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309012706/https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0030155 |date=9 March 2021 }}</ref> Impeachment of the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] and the [[Vice President of the Republic of China|Vice President of the Republic]] follows a different procedure and does not go through the Control Yuan. * ''Censure'': The Control Yuan also has the power to censure a government official. The censure is sent to the official's superior officer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censure |url=https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=242 |publisher=The Control Yuan of the Republic of China |access-date=10 June 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609062204/https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=242 |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[Government performance auditing|Audit]]'': The [[Executive Yuan]] ([[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]]) presents the annual budget to the Control Yuan each year for audit. *''Corrective Measures'': The Control Yuan, after investigating the work and facilities of the Executive Yuan and its subordinate organs, may propose corrective measures to the Executive Yuan or its subordinate organs for improvement after these measures are examined and approved by the relevant committees. According to the current [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Constitution]], the Control Yuan shall consist of 29 members. One member shall be the [[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President]] of the Control Yuan, and another shall be the [[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]]. All members, including the President and Vice President of Control Yuan, shall be nominated by the [[President of Taiwan]] and approved by [[Legislative Yuan]] (the parliament of [[Taiwan]]). Members serve with a term limit of six years. Prior to constitutional reforms in the 1990s, the Control Yuan, along with [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] (electoral college) and the [[Legislative Yuan]] (lower house) formed the national [[Tricameralism|tricameral]] parliament. It functioned similarly to an [[upper house]] of a bicameral legislature, though it formed its own separate branch and was indirectly elected by provincial or municipal legislatures with 178 senators elected.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Herbert H. P. |title=Chinese Control Yuan: An Independent Supervisory Organ of the State |journal=Washington University Law Review |date=1963 |volume=1963 |issue=4 |page=26 |url=https://wustllawreview.org/volumes/49/issues/4/articles/1/ |access-date=2021-04-01 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421114138/https://wustllawreview.org/volumes/49/issues/4/articles/1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Structure == ===Members composition=== The Control Yuan consists of a council with 29 members, including a [[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President]] and a [[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]] and the National Audit Office. All 29 members and the [[Comptroller|auditor-general]] are nominated by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]] and approved by [[Legislative Yuan]] for 6-year terms. The incumbent 6th Control Yuan was nominated by [[President of the Republic of China|President]] [[Tsai Ing-wen]] on June 22, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tw.appledaily.com/politics/20200622/4XZZJJQW7PSGSUETH7XCU2YR4A/ |title=【監委提名】27位被提名人平均62.6歲 男性15名、女性12名 |access-date=2020-09-14 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120141341/https://tw.appledaily.com/politics/20200622/4XZZJJQW7PSGSUETH7XCU2YR4A/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and later confirmed by [[Legislative Yuan]] on July 17, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121425/4709487 |title=影／游錫堃宣布：陳菊將任監察院長 27個監委名單全過關 |access-date=2020-09-14 |archive-date=2020-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824140831/https://udn.com/news/story/121425/4709487 |url-status=live }}</ref> Members inaugurated on August 1, 2020 and their terms expire on July 31, 2026. {|class=wikitable !width=350|[[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President]]!!width=350|[[List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]] |- |[[Chen Chu]]||''Post Vacant'' |- !colspan=2|Members |-align=center |'''[[National Human Rights Commission (Taiwan)|National Human Rights Commission]] members'''||'''Other members''' |- |9 members||17 members, ''1 seat vacant'' |} === Council and committees === The council of the Yuan, chaired by the Yuan President, is divided into a number of committees to exercise the Yuan's supervision power. No member of the Control Yuan can hold another public office or profession while serving in the branch (according to Article 103 of the constitution), and members must be able to perform absent of partisan control or influence. Members can vote in no more than three committees and can join additional committees as non-voting members. Each committee can have up to 14 members and usually elects a convenor amongst themselves to chair committee meetings. {|class=wikitable !Standing committees!!Special committees |- | * Domestic and Ethnic Affairs * Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs * National Defense and Intelligence Affairs * Finance and Economic Affairs * Education and Cultural Affairs * Transportation and Procurement Affairs * Judicial and Prison Administration Affairs | * Committee on Statutory Studies * Committee on Consultation * Committee on Discipline for Control Yuan Members * Committee on Anti-Corruption |} The following responsibilities were also assigned by various acts. * Anti-Corruption: The Anti-Corruption Committee is a seven-member committee, which cannot include the President of Vice President of the Control Yuan, which deals with asset declarations by government officials, recusals due to conflict of interest, and political donations.<ref>{{cite law|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0010077|title=Regulations Governing the Establishment of the Control Yuan Committee on Anti-Corruption|date=28 July 2004|article=2}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610005005/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0010077 |date=10 June 2020 }}</ref> * Examination Invigilation: The Control Yuan also appoints proctors to supervise examinations for civil servants.<ref>{{cite act|title=Examination Invigilation Act|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=R0020004|date=26 October 1950}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610005521/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=R0020004 |date=10 June 2020 }}</ref> ===National Human Rights Commission=== {{main|National Human Rights Commission (Taiwan)}} The National Human Rights Committee is a ten-member committee under the Control Yuan which investigates human rights abuses, proposes human rights laws, compiles an annual report and promotes human rights education. The President of the Control Yuan must be a member of the committee. The committee was established by the National Human Rights Committee Organic Law on 10 December 2019.<ref name="hr" /> ===Administrative Appeal Committee=== An Administrative Appeal Committee, operated under the aegis of the Control Yuan but consisting of both members and non-members of the Control Yuan, considers administrative appeals which are inappropriate to both the Control Yuan proper and the Ministry of Audit. === National Audit Office === The National Audit Office is headed by an [[Comptroller|auditor-general]] who is nominated by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]] and appointed with consent of [[Legislative Yuan]] (parliament), exercises the Control Yuan's power of audit. It consists of five departments: * General public affairs audit department * National defense expenditures audit department * Special public affairs audit department * State-run corporations and government-owned businesses audit department * Financial affairs audit department (also in charge of supervising local government audits) In addition, most local governments have established the Audit Divisions/Offices, these serve as the subordinate agencies of the National Audit Office. Currently, 21 local governments of the 22 [[administrative divisions of Taiwan]] have Audit Divisions/Offices (except [[Matsu Islands|Lienchiang County]]). == Impeachment procedure and notable cases == The Control Yuan is responsible to investigate possible violations on [[Law of Taiwan|laws and regulations]] of [[Civil service|public servants]] and raise [[impeachment]]s if needed. Investigations are initiated by at least two members, and investigation committees must consist of at least nine members of the Control Yuan. The impeachment cases would be determined by a majority vote by members of investigation committee. Successful impeachment cases will then be forwarded to the Disciplinary Court ({{lang|zh-tw|懲戒法院}}) under the [[Judicial Yuan]] for adjudication. However, the impeachment of the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] or [[Vice President of the Republic of China|Vice President]] shall be initiated by [[Legislative Yuan]] (parliament) and adjudicate by the Constitutional Court under the [[Judicial Yuan]]. Details regarding impeachment proceedings are stipulated in the Enforcement Rules of the Control Act.<ref>{{cite act|date=11 February 2009|legislature=[[Legislative Yuan]]|title=Enforcement Rules of the Control Act|url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0030200}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728080600/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0030200 |date=28 July 2020 }}</ref> * On 19 February 2020, the Control Yuan impeached five military personnel which it deemed responsible for a F-16 Fighter aircraft crash on June 4, 2018 that killed all on board. The case was forwarded to the Public Functionary Disciplinary Sanction Commission in the [[Judicial Yuan]] to determine the punishment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ku |first1=Chuan |last2=Yu |first2=Matt |last3=Yeh |first3=Joseph |title=Five military personnel impeached over negligence in F-16 crash |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202002190020 |access-date=9 June 2020 |date=19 February 2020 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |archive-date=11 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311211517/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202002190020 |url-status=live }}</ref> * On 4 June 2019, Hsieh Kung-ping (謝公秉), a top aide of former [[Hualien County]] commissioner [[Fu Kun-chi]], Lin Chin-hu (林金虎), a county government employee, and media section chief Huang Wei-jun (黃微鈞), were impeached for bribery using $5.26 million in public funds.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pan |first1=Jason |title=Control Yuan impeaches former Hualien official |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/06/05/2003716377 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609051707/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/06/05/2003716377 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=賴品瑀 |title=花蓮縣政府花公帑收買當地14家媒體 監委批：嚴重傷害新聞信賴 |url=https://taronews.tw/2019/06/04/361859/ |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=Taro News |date=4 June 2019 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609052526/https://taronews.tw/2019/06/04/361859/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both were found guilty on 18 February 2020; Hsieh was given two demerits and fined $100,000 NTD, Lin was handed a 10% pay reduction for a year, and Huang was given one demerit and fined $100,000 NTD.<ref>{{cite news |author1=王宏舜 |title=花蓮縣府「買新聞」 謝公秉遭記過2次、罰款10萬元 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7321/4355079 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[United Daily News]] |date=19 February 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609051708/https://udn.com/news/story/7321/4355079 |url-status=live }}</ref> * On 15 January 2019, [[Kuan Chung-ming]], the president of [[National Taiwan University]], was impeached for violating a law prohibiting public servants from working other jobs. The case was forwarded to the Public Functionary Disciplinary Sanction Commission in the [[Judicial Yuan]] to determine whether he was guilty and the appropriate punishment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yu |first1=Hsiang |last2=Ku |first2=Chuan |last3=Chen |first3=Chih-chung |last4=Wang |first4=Yang-yu |last5=Fan |first5=Cheng-hsiang |last6=Chen |first6=Chun-hua |last7=Elizabeth |first7=Hsu |title=Control Yuan passes motion to impeach new NTU president |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201901150020 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |date=15 January 2019 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609000827/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201901150020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kuan was found guilty on 2 September 2019 and officially reprimanded.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Maxon |first1=Ann |title=Commission reprimands NTU's Kuan |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/09/03/2003721618 |access-date=9 June 2020 |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609000829/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/09/03/2003721618 |url-status=live }}</ref> == History == === Constitutional theory === {{See also|Censorate}} The concept of Control Yuan was introduced by [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s ''[[Three Principles of the People]]''. The theory proposed a [[separation of powers]] into five branches ({{zh|t=五院|p=wǔyuàn|poj=gō͘-īⁿ|labels=no}}). [[Sun Yat-sen]] demonstrated the benefit of separating the supervision and auditing power from the [[legislature]] by the designation of the state organs of the [[History of China|Imperial China]]. He quotes the long tradition of supervision used in past dynasties, ranging from the ''Censor'' ({{lang|zh-tw|御史}}) established by the [[Qin dynasty|Qin]] ({{lang|zh-tw|秦}}) and [[Han dynasty|Han]] ({{lang|zh-tw|漢}}) dynasties to the ''tái'' ({{lang|zh-tw|臺}}) and ''jiàn'' ({{lang|zh-tw|諫}}) offices established under the [[Sui dynasty|Sui]] ({{lang|zh-tw|隋}}) and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] ({{lang|zh-tw|唐}}) dynasties (''tai'' were selected to supervise civil officials and military officers, while ''jian'' were selected to counsel the emperor on supervisory matters) to the Board of Public Censors ({{lang|zh-tw|都察院}}) selected under the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] ({{lang|zh-tw|明}}) and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] ({{lang|zh-tw|清}}) dynasties. Most of these offices also operated local and provincial branches to supervise local governments. Under the [[Qing dynasty]], the Board of Public Censors consisted of forty or fifty members, and two presidents, one of [[Manchu]] ancestry and the other of [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] ancestry.<ref>Hawke's Bay Herald. Volume XXXV, Issue 11595. Monday, July 23, 1900. Page 2.</ref><ref>The Statesman's year-book, Volume 47. Page 685.</ref> They were, in theory, allowed to send one censor to participate in the meetings of all government boards. The Board's powers were minimized by the time of political flux which preceded the end of the Empire. However, the 1947 [[Constitution of the Republic of China]] has many influences from the resolutions of the [[Political Consultative Assembly]] held between the Chinese Nationalist Party ([[Kuomintang]]) and the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. [[Carsun Chang]], the major author of the Constitution draft in the Political Consultative Assembly, considered the fact that the supervision and auditing power is traditionally held by the [[legislature]], and also the proposal of [[federalism]] from the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist Party]] in the drafting process. He designed the Control Yuan to be a [[Legislative chamber|chamber of parliament]] that is [[Indirect election|indirectly elected]] by the [[Provinces of China|provincial]] legislatures of [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. The Control Yuan has some similarities to the [[United States Senate]], which allocated a similar number of seats to each [[Provinces of China|province]] of [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and holds the power to confirm many important public positions in the [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]] appointed by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]].<ref name=CYUS>[[Constitution of the Republic of China]] – Chapter IX, Article 91: "The Control Yuan shall be composed of Members who shall be elected by Provincial and Municipal Councils, the local Councils of Mongolia and Tibet, and Chinese citizens residing abroad. Their numbers shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions: * Five Members from each province; * Two Members from each municipality under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan; * Eight Members from Mongolian Leagues and Banners * Eight Members from Tibet; and * Eight Members from Chinese citizens residing abroad."</ref> In the 1947 constitution, the Control Yuan, together with [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] and [[Legislative Yuan]], thus formed chambers of a [[Tricameralism|tricameral parliament]] according to the [[Judicial Yuan]]'s interpretation number 76 of the Constitution in 1957.<ref>{{lang|zh-hant|[[:wikisource:zh:司法院釋字第76號解釋|司法院釋字第76號解釋]]}}, [http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/EN/p03_01.asp?expno=76 Judicial Yuan interpretation number 76 (English translation)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105145319/https://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/en/p03_01.asp?expno=76 |date=2019-01-05 }}</ref> The Control Yuan was given the power to request documents from other government agencies and investigate them for violations of law or neglect as under [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s ideology. The [[Comptroller|auditor-general]] was considered elected by the Control Yuan, who shall be nominated by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]] with consent of the [[Legislative Yuan]], who was responsible for submitting reports on government budgets.<ref name="cosnt">{{cite constitution |article= 90-106|section=IX|polity=the Republic of China|date=1947}}</ref> Finally, the Control Yuan had confirmation power for the President, Vice President and members of the [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]].<ref>{{cite constitution |article=79|section=VI|polity=the Republic of China|date=1947}}</ref><ref>{{cite constitution |article=84|section=VII|polity=the Republic of China|date=1947}}</ref> === Establishment and relocation to Taiwan === [[File:Control Yuan Building 20050702.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Control Yuan building, built in 1915 when [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan was under Japanese rule]] as the governmental building of [[Taihoku Prefecture]].]] In the early [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|republican era]], the [[Beiyang government]] was in favor of the traditional three-branch form of [[separation of powers]]. However, a weak culture of [[republicanism]] and, later, the [[Warlord Era]] suppressed the implementation of this constitutional ideology. After a successful [[Northern Expedition]] campaign, the [[Kuomintang]] secured its leadership in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and started to build the [[Nationalist government]] according to [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s ideology. Five branches (''Yuan''s) were created under the [[Kuomintang]]'s [[One-party state|party-state]] administration. During this time, the Auditing Yuan ({{zh|t=審計院|p=Shěnjì Yuàn}}) was established in February 1928, but in February 1931, the Control Yuan was established and the Auditing Yuan was downgraded to the current ministry-level National Audit Office within the Control Yuan.<ref name="cy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cy.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=6036&CtNode=989&mp=21|title=The Control Yuan of the Republic of China|access-date=2016-05-24|archive-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611151200/http://www.cy.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=6036&CtNode=989&mp=21|url-status=live}}</ref> The creation of Control Yuan on 16 February 1931 was the last establishment of the five-''Yuan''s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Herbert Han-pao|title=The Chinese Control Yuan: An Independent Supervisory Organ of the State|journal=Washington University Law Review|volume=1963|issue=4|pages=402}}</ref> However, the 1947 [[Constitution of the Republic of China]], although retaining the architecture of the five-branch government, changed the Control Yuan to be a [[parliament]] [[Legislative chamber|chamber]]. Under the constitution, members of the Yuan (by now senators ''de facto'') were elected from regional [[legislature]]s: 5 from each [[provinces of China|province]], 2 from each [[Direct-administered municipalities of China|direct-administered municipality]], 8 from [[Outer Mongolia|Mongolia]] (by 1948 only the Inner Mongolian provinces were represented), 8 from [[Tibet]], and 8 from the [[overseas Chinese]] communities. As originally envisioned both the [[List of Presidents of the Control Yuan|President]] and [[List of Vice Presidents of the Control Yuan|Vice President]] of the Control Yuan were to be elected by and from the members like the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]] of many other [[parliament]]ary bodies worldwide. Following the [[promulgation]] of the ''Constitution'', the 178 first Control Yuan senators elected by the regional [[legislature]]s convened in [[Nanjing|Nanking]] on June 4, 1948 for the opening of their chamber.<ref name="cy" /> The first Control Yuan then confirmed the leaders and members of the first [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]]. The transition from [[one-party state]] [[Nationalist government]] to [[Government of the Republic of China|constitutional government]] was hence completed. However, a year later, the [[Kuomintang]]-led [[government of the Republic of China]] lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] and [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated to]] [[Taiwan]] in December 1949. [[Taiwan]] was [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|under Japanese rule]] before August 15, 1945. As a result of [[World War II]], the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] [[Republic of China Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] occupied [[Taiwan]] on behalf of the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. The government established [[Taiwan Province]] to mark its annexation of [[Taiwan]]. There were 104 members who retreated to Taiwan with the government, including 5 senators from Taiwan. The Control Yuan occupied the former governmental building of [[Taihoku Prefecture]] in [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese era]]. The term of the retreated senators was extended indefinitely until "re-election is possible in their original [[electoral district]]." During this era, the first Control Yuan members continued to conduct sessions in [[Taipei]] until they were ordered to retire by the [[Judicial Yuan]] (Constitutional Court) in 1991. With the reduction of members due to age, elections were held from 1969 to 1986 to elect new senators to the Yuan from Taiwan, and the cities of Taipei and Kaoshung were soon represented. Until 1993, the Control Yuan's legislative work was limited to helping to audit the national budget, which would then be presented to the Legislative Yuan. The other actions the then chamber took were its impeachment, confirmation and censure powers, applied whenever necessary. === Democratization === Democratization took place in [[Taiwan]] starting late 1980s; the movement resulted in a series of [[constitutional amendment]] known as the [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Additional Articles of the Constitution]]. On May 27, 1992, the second amendment removed the Control Yuan from [[parliament]] [[Legislative chamber|chambers]] and its members removed from their legislative duties. Decision process of leaders and members of the Control Yuan follows a similar pattern of [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]]. These officials were nominated by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]] and confirmation by the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]]. The [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] was another [[parliament]] [[Legislative chamber|chamber]] that can hold the confirmation process to maintain the [[separation of powers]].<ref>{{cite constitution| amendment = 2| polity =the Republic of China| date = 1992}}</ref> On 18 July 1997, by the 4th [[constitutional amendment]], the procedure to [[impeachment|impeach]] the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] and [[President of the Republic of China|Vice President of the Republic]] was transferred out from the Control Yuan. In this amendment, presidential impeachment shall be initiated by [[Legislative Yuan]] and voted by the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]].<ref>{{cite constitution| amendment = 4| polity =the Republic of China| date = 1997}}</ref> However, the later political developments in [[Taiwan]] has inclined to simplify the [[parliament]] to [[Unicameralism|one chamber]]. The [[Legislative Yuan]] was the surviving chamber and the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] was then abolished.<ref>{{cite constitution| amendment = 6| polity =the Republic of China| date = 1997}}</ref> Since 25 April 2000, confirmation of leaders and members of the Control Yuan are transferred to [[Legislative Yuan]], together with the confirmation of similar officials of [[Judicial Yuan]] and [[Examination Yuan]].<ref>{{cite constitution| amendment = 7| polity =the Republic of China| date = 1997}}</ref> At the end of 2004, [[President of the Republic of China|President]] [[Chen Shui-bian]] sent a list of nominees to positions in the Control Yuan to the [[Legislative Yuan]] for approval. The coalition of [[Kuomintang]] and [[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First Party]], which then held a majority in the Legislative Yuan, refused to ratify President Chen's nominees and demanded that he submit a new list. The political deadlock that resulted stopped the Control Yuan from functioning from February 2005 to July 2008. The situation resolved after [[Kuomintang]]'s candidate [[Ma Ying-jeou]] was elected as the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] in [[2008 Taiwanese presidential election]] and [[Kuomintang]] won the [[supermajority]] of Legislative Yuan seats in [[2008 Taiwanese legislative election]]. Mr. [[Wang Chien-shien]] was then appointed to be its President under the [[Ma Ying-jeou]] administration. In 2016, [[Democratic Progressive Party]]'s candidate [[Tsai Ing-wen]] was elected as the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] in [[2016 Taiwanese presidential election]] and [[Democratic Progressive Party]] won the majority of Legislative Yuan seats in [[2016 Taiwanese legislative election]]. On 10 December 2019, the [[Legislative Yuan]] passed the National Human Rights Committee Organic Law (國家人權委員會組織法), which established the National Human Rights Committee under the Control Yuan. Its duties include investigating human rights abuses, proposing human rights laws, compiling an annual report, and educational promotion of human rights, in accordance with the [[Paris Principles (human rights standards)|Paris Principles]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shih |first1=Hsiu-chuan |title=Control Yuan may be made National Human Rights Institution |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201812110020 |access-date=18 June 2020 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622022203/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201812110020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The committee will consist of 10 members, one of which is the President of the Control Yuan who heads the committee.<ref name="hr">{{cite news |last1=Wang |first1=Yang-yu |last2=Mazzetta |first2=Matthew |title=Bill passed to establish Human Rights Committee under Control Yuan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201912100020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |date=10 December 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608213853/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201912100020 |url-status=live }}</ref> It launched on August 1, 2020, with former democracy activist [[Chen Chu]] as president.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lin |first1=Sean |title=Human Rights Commission launched |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/08/02/2003740999 |website=[[Taipei Times]] |date=2 August 2020 |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125150406/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/08/02/2003740999 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kuomintang]] member [[Justin Huang]] was discussed as a potential vice-president, but he declined the position after receiving criticism from both the KMT for crossing party lines without consultation and the DPP for his role in the construction of the [[Taitung Miramar Resort]] while he was county magistrate, for which the county government was censured by the Control Yuan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Control Yuan nominees confirmed |url=https://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/06/23/2003738710 |website=[[Taipei Times]] |date=23 June 2020 |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303074831/https://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/06/23/2003738710 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=監院副院長 提名回扣案黃健庭 立委譁然 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1380809 |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=[[Liberty Times]] |date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620203136/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1380809 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Elections and terms== [[File:ROC CY.svg|thumb|200px|Jurisdiction of Control Yuan branch offices<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=230 |title=Our History |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516144248/https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/cp.aspx?n=230 |url-status=live }}</ref> (Suspended since 1949)]] The [[Kuomintang]]-led [[government of the Republic of China]] [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated]] to [[Taiwan]] in 1949, the year following the elections after the enactment of the 1947 constitution. As the [[Kuomintang]] government continues to claim sovereignty over [[mainland China]], the term limit of the original Members of the Control Yuan was extended until "re-election is possible in their original [[electoral districts]]." In response to the increasing democracy movement in [[Taiwan]], limited supplementary elections were held in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] ([[Taiwan]]) starting 1969. Members elected in these supplementary elections served together with those who were elected in 1948. This situation remained until a Constitutional Court ([[Judicial Yuan]]) ruling on June 21, 1991 that ordered the retirement of all members with extended terms by the end of 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.cec.gov.tw/central/cms/elec_hist/21226 |title=中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－監察委員選舉 |access-date=2020-08-31 |archive-date=2021-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202101558/https://web.cec.gov.tw/central/cms/elec_hist/21226 |url-status=live }}</ref> {|class=wikitable !Term!!Length!!Actual length!!Election/Appointment!!Seats!!Notes |- |align=center rowspan=5|'''1st'''||rowspan=5|Initially 6 years,<br>then limit removed by<br>''[[Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion|Temporary Provisions]]''||rowspan=5|Jun 4, 1948－Jan 31, 1993<br>(See ''Note'' column for<br>detailed terms) |1947－48 elections||178||The only election held in [[mainland China]]. 5 seats were elected in [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan]].<br>104 members [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated to Taiwan]] with the [[Government of the Republic of China|government]]; served until the end of 1991. |- |1969 supp||2||Elected in [[Taipei]], terms equal to the 1948-elected members |- |1973 1st supp||15||Elected in [[Taiwan (island)|Taiwan]] with 6-year terms; then extended to 8 years |- |1980 2nd supp||32||Elected in [[Taiwan (island)|Taiwan]] with 6-year terms |- |1987 3rd supp||32||Elected in [[Taiwan (island)|Taiwan]] with 6-year terms; served until Jan 31, 1993 |- |align=center|'''2nd'''||rowspan=5|6 years||Feb 1, 1993－Jan 31, 1999 |rowspan=2|[[President of the Republic of China|Presidential]] nomination with<br>[[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] confirmation |rowspan=5|29||Changed to a non-[[parliament]]ary institution; elections stopped |- |align=center|'''3rd'''||Feb 1, 1999－Jan 31, 2005|| |- |align=center|'''4th'''||Aug 1, 2008－Jul 31, 2014 |rowspan=3|[[President of the Republic of China|Presidential]] nomination with<br>[[Legislative Yuan]] confirmation |Vacancy due to [[Legislative Yuan]]'s refusal to initiate the confirmation process |- |align=center|'''5th'''||Aug 1, 2014－Jul 31, 2020|| |- |align=center|'''6th'''||Aug 1, 2020－Jul 31, 2026||Incumbent |} '''Timeline of Control Yuan elections and terms''' <timeline> ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = right:80 left:100 bottom:60 top:10 DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1948 till:01/01/2030 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom Colors = id:gridmajor value:gray(0.2) id:gridminor value:gray(0.9) id:chn value:blue legend:Elected_in_mainland_China_and_Taiwan id:spp value:skyblue legend:Supplementary_members_elected_in_Taiwan id:twn value:drabgreen legend:Appointed_by_the_President_in_Taiwan ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gridmajor unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1950 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gridminor unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1948 BarData = bar:1st text:1st bar:sp0 text:1st, supp bar:sp1 text:1st, 1st supp bar:sp2 text:1st, 2nd supp bar:sp3 text:1st, 3rd supp bar:2nd text:2nd bar:3rd text:3rd bar:4th text:4th bar:5th text:5th bar:6th text:6th PlotData = width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:till fontsize:m bar:1st from: 06/04/1948 till: 12/31/1991 color:chn text:178 seats (1948) bar:sp0 from: 02/01/1970 till: 12/31/1991 color:spp text:2 seats bar:sp1 from: 02/01/1973 till: 01/31/1981 color:spp text:15 seats bar:sp2 from: 02/01/1981 till: 01/31/1987 color:spp text:32 seats bar:sp3 from: 02/01/1987 till: 01/31/1993 color:spp text:32 seats bar:2nd from: 02/01/1993 till: 01/31/1999 color:twn text:29 seats bar:3rd from: 02/01/1999 till: 01/31/2005 color:twn text:29 seats bar:4th from: 08/01/2008 till: 07/31/2014 color:twn text:29 seats bar:5th from: 08/01/2014 till: 07/31/2020 color:twn text:29 seats bar:6th from: 08/01/2020 till: 07/31/2026 color:twn text:29 seats </timeline> == President and Vice President of the Control Yuan == {{main|List of Presidents of the Control Yuan|List of Vice Presidents of the Control Yuan}} [[File:Chen Chu in August 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chu]], the incumbent President of the Control Yuan]] === Before the 1947 Constitution === The President and Vice President of the Control Yuan in the [[Nationalist government]] era were appointed by the [[Kuomintang]] (Nationalist Party). {|class=wikitable !President!!Vice President |- | * [[Cai Yuanpei|Tsai Yuan-pei]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:蔡元培|蔡元培]]}}) (8 October 1928 – 28 August 1929) ''not inaugurated'' * [[Zhao Dai-wen]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:趙戴文|趙戴文]]}}) (29 August 1929 – 17 November 1930) ''not inaugurated'' * [[Yu Youren|Yu Yu-jen]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:于右任|于右任]]}}) (18 November 1930 – 9 June 1948) | * [[Chen Guofu|Chen Guo-fu]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:陳果夫|陳果夫]]}}) (8 October 1928 – 27 December 1931) * [[Ding Weifen|Ding Wei-fen]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:丁惟汾|丁惟汾]]}}) (28 December 1931 – 6 December 1935) * [[Hsu Chung-chih]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:許崇智|許崇智]]}}) (7 December 1935 – 26 December 1941) * [[Liu Shangqing|Liu Shang-qing]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:劉尚清|劉尚清]]}}) (27 December 1941 – 19 February 1947) * [[Huang Shaohong|Huang Shao-hong]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:黃紹竑|黃紹竑]]}}) (7 June 1947 – 26 October 1947) * [[Liu Zhe (Republic of China)|Liu Zhe]] ({{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:劉哲 (1880年)|劉哲]]}}) (27 October 1947 – 4 June 1948) |} === 1947 Constitution === The Control Yuan was a [[Legislative chamber|chamber]] of [[parliament]] under the 1947 ''[[Constitution of the Republic of China]]''. The President and Vice President of the Control Yuan were elected by and from the members like the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]] of many other [[parliament]]ary bodies. {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" !Order!!Date!!colspan=2|President!!colspan=2|Vice President!!Note |- |rowspan=6|'''1'''||Jun 9, 1948–Jan 6, 1954||rowspan=5|[[Yu Youren|Yu Yu-jen]]||rowspan=5|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:于右任|于右任]]}}||[[Liu Che (Republic of China)|Liu Che]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:劉哲 (1880年)|劉哲]]}}||align=left|Inaugurated in [[Nanjing|Nanking]] and moved to [[Taipei]] |- |Jan 7, 1954–Aug 17, 1954||colspan=2|{{small|''Post vacant''}}||align=left|Vice President Liu Che died in office |- |Aug 18, 1954–Jul 11, 1957||[[Liang Shang-tung]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:梁上棟|梁上棟]]}}||align=left| |- |Jul 12, 1957–Apr 11, 1958||colspan=2|{{small|''Post vacant''}}||align=left|Vice President Liang Shang-tung died in office |- |Apr 12, 1958–Nov 9, 1964||rowspan=2|[[Li Shih-tsung]]||rowspan=2|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:李嗣璁|李嗣璁]]}}||align=left| |- |Nov 10, 1964–Aug 16, 1965||colspan=2|{{small|''Vice President as Acting President''}}||align=left|President [[Yu Youren|Yu Yu-jen]] died in office |- |rowspan=2|'''2'''||Aug 17, 1965–May 14, 1972||[[Li Shih-tsung]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:李嗣璁|李嗣璁]]}} |rowspan=2|[[Chang Wei-han]]||rowspan=2|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:張維翰|張維翰]]}}||align=left| |- |May 15, 1972–Mar 18, 1973||colspan=2|{{small|''Vice President as Acting President''}}||align=left|President Li Shih-tsung died in office |- |rowspan=2|'''3'''||Mar 19, 1973–Mar 23, 1981||rowspan=2|[[Yu Chun-hsien]]||rowspan=2|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:余俊賢|余俊賢]]}} |[[Chou Pai-lien]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:周百鍊|周百鍊]]}}||align=left| |- |Mar 24, 1981–Mar 11, 1987||[[Huang Tzuen-chiou]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:黃尊秋|黃尊秋]]}}||align=left| |- |rowspan=3|'''4'''||Mar 12, 1987–Dec 29, 1991||rowspan=3|[[Huang Tzuen-chiou]]||rowspan=3|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:黃尊秋|黃尊秋]]}} |[[Ma Kung-chun]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:馬空群|馬空群]]}}||align=left| |- |Dec 30, 1991–Feb 19, 1992||colspan=2|{{small|''Post vacant''}}||align=left|Vice President Ma Kung-chun retired at end of 1991 |- |Feb 20, 1992–Jan 31, 1993||[[Lin Rong-San|Lin Rong-san]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:林榮三|林榮三]]}}||align=left| |} ===1992 Constitution amendment=== Since the 1992 ratification of the [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|constitutional amendment]], the Control Yuan was reorganized from a chamber of [[parliament]] to an independent agency that still performs most of its designated constitutional powers. Since the 4th term, the President and Vice President of the Control Yuan, together with other members, were nominated by the [[President of the Republic of China|President of the Republic]] and approved by the [[Legislative Yuan]] (the now-unicameral parliament of [[Taiwan]]). {|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" !Term!!Date!!colspan=2|President!!colspan=2|Vice President!!Note |- |rowspan=3|'''2nd'''||Feb 1, 1993–Sep 22, 1995||[[Chen Li-an]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:陳履安|陳履安]]}}||rowspan=3|[[Cheng Shuei-chih]]||rowspan=3|{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:鄭水枝|鄭水枝]]}}||align=left| |- |Sep 23, 1995–Aug 31, 1996||colspan=2|{{small|''Vice President as Acting President''}} |align=left|President Chen Li-an resigned to run for [[1996 Taiwanese presidential election]] |- |Sep 1, 1996–Jan 31, 1999||[[Wang Tso-yung]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:王作榮|王作榮]]}}||align=left| |- |'''3rd'''||Feb 1, 1999–Jan 31, 2005||[[Fredrick Chien]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:錢復|錢復]]}}||[[Cheng Meng-lin]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:陳孟鈴|陳孟鈴]]}}||align=left| |- |{{n/a}}||Feb 1, 2005–Jul 31, 2008||colspan=2 {{N/a|{{small|''Post vacant''}}}}||colspan=2 {{N/a|{{small|''Post vacant''}}}}||align=left|Vacant due to [[Separation of powers|Executive-Legislative conflict]] |- |'''4th'''||Aug 1, 2008–Jul 31, 2014||[[Wang Chien-shien]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:王建煊|王建煊]]}}||[[Chen Jinn-lih]]||{{lang|zh-tw|陳進利}}||align=left| |- |'''5th'''||Aug 1, 2014–Jul 31, 2020||[[Chang Po-ya]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:張博雅|張博雅]]}}||[[Sun Ta-chuan]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:孫大川|孫大川]]}}||align=left| |- |'''6th'''||Aug 1, 2020–''present''||[[Chen Chu]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:陳菊|陳菊]]}}||[[Lee Hung-chun]]||{{lang|zh-tw|[[:zh:李鴻鈞|李鴻鈞]]}}||align=left|Vice presidency vacant from Aug 1, 2020 to May 30, 2022 |} == Comparable agencies in other countries == {|class=wikitable !Country!!Agency |- |{{PRC}}||[[National Supervisory Commission]] ({{lang|zh-cn|国家监察委员会}}) |- |{{EU}}||[[European Court of Auditors]] |- |{{ISR}}||[[State Comptroller of Israel|State Comptroller]] ({{lang|he|מבקר המדינה}}, {{lang|ar|مراقب الدولة}}) |- |{{JPN}}||[[Board of Audit (Japan)|Board of Audit]] ({{lang|ja|会計検査院}}) |- |{{PHL}}||[[Ombudsman of the Philippines|Office of the Ombudsman]] and [[Commission on Audit of the Philippines|Commission on Audit]] |- |{{KOR}} (ROK)||[[Board of Audit and Inspection]] ({{lang|ko-KR|감사원、監査院}}) |- |{{GBR}}||[[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|National Audit Office]] |- |{{USA}}||[[Government Accountability Office]] |} == See also == * [[Comptroller]] * [[Government of the Republic of China]] * [[Government performance auditing]] * [[Ombudsman]] * [[Politics of the Republic of China]] == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|Control Yuan}} * {{Official website|http://www.cy.gov.tw/}} * {{Official website|https://www.cy.gov.tw/EN/|Official website (English)}} {{National upper houses}} {{Legislatures of Taiwan}} {{Taiwan topics}} [[Category:Control Yuan| ]] [[Category:1931 establishments in China]] [[Category:1949 disestablishments in China]] [[Category:1945 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1931]] [[Category:Government audit]] [[Category:Ombudsman posts]] [[Category:Defunct upper houses]] [[Category:Supreme audit institutions]] [[Category:Historical legislatures in China]]'