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'{{Short description|British legal academic (1828–1913)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} {{Use British English|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = John Westlake | image = John Westlake by Marianne Stokes.jpg | caption = Profile portrait of John Westlake by [[Marianne Stokes]], 1902 | birth_name = | birth_date = 4 February 1828 | birth_place = [[Lostwithiel]], [[Cornwall]], [[UK]] | death_date = {{Death-date and age|14 April 1913|4 February 1828}} | death_place = London | death_cause = | other_names = | known_for = Work in [[public international law]] | education = [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] | employer = [[University of Cambridge]] | occupation = Academic lawyer and writer | title = [[Whewell Professor of International Law]] | height = | term = | predecessor = Sir [[Henry Maine]] | successor = [[Lassa Francis Lawrence Oppenheim]] | party = | boards = | spouse = Alice Hare | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | nationality = British | citizenship = }} '''John Westlake''' (4 February 1828 – 14 April 1913)<ref>{{Rayment-hc|r|2|date=March 2012}}</ref> was an [[English people|English]] law scholar and social reformer.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Gilman, Daniel Coit |editor1-link= Daniel Coit Gilman |editor2= Peck, Harry Thurston |editor2-link= Harry Thurston Peck |editor3= Colby, Frank Moore |editor3-link= Frank Moore Colby |chapter= WESTLAKE John (1828- )|title= The New International Encyclopaedia |place= New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company |year= 1903 |volume= XX|page= 440 |hdl= 2027/uc1.c2557560?urlappend=%3Bseq=526 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2557560?urlappend=%3Bseq=526 |accessdate= February 5, 2019 |via= HathiTrust Digital Library}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=1913 |title=Professor John Westlake (1828-1913) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/professor-john-westlake-18281913/FBF8963F0A8E8BAEF3BC069A2F458427 |journal=American Journal of International Law |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=582–584 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000165741 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> He founded the first journal devoted to [[international law]], ''Revue de Droit International et de Legislation Comparle''.<ref name=":0" /> Westlake was renowned for his influence in the realm of legal practice, particularly in addressing the complexities of disputes between individuals residing in distinct legal jurisdictions, a field commonly referred to as private international law or conflict of laws.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=John Westlake {{!}} Legal Expert, Constitutional Law & Human Rights {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Westlake |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Biography== He was born at [[Lostwithiel]], [[Cornwall]], the son of a Cornish wool-stapler. He was educated at Lostwithiel and, from 1846, at [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], where he graduated BA (6th [[Wrangler (University of Cambridge)|Wrangler]] and 6th Classic) in 1850.<ref>{{acad|id=WSTK845J|name=Westlake, John}}</ref> He was a fellow of Trinity from 1851 to 1860, [[Call to the Bar|called]] to the [[Bar Association|bar]] at [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1854, and became a bencher of the Inn in 1874. In 1885 he was elected to [[Palace of Westminster|Parliament]] as Liberal member for the [[Romford (UK Parliament constituency)|Romford Division]] of [[Essex]]; from 1888 to 1908 he held the [[Whewell Professor of International Law|Whewell Chair]] as professor of international law at Cambridge; in 1900-06 he was a member for Great Britain of the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration|International Court of Arbitration]] at [[The Hague]]. In 1864 he married [[Alice Hare]] (1842–1923), artist and key supporter of the [[women's suffrage movement]]. He was connected with the [[Christian Socialist Movement]], being a member of the Committee of Teaching and Publication. He is considered to be one of the founders of the [[Working Men's College]] in 1854, where he taught mathematics for many years.<ref name=Harrison>[[J. F. C. Harrison]], ''A History of the Working Men's College (1854-1954)'', Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954</ref> He was an honorary president of the [[Institute of International Law]].<ref name=eb>{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Westlake, John}}</ref> Serving as a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1885 to 1886, he later held the esteemed position of Whewell Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge from 1888 to 1908. Westlake's advocacy extended to various social reforms, notably including the advancement of women's suffrage and active involvement in efforts to restore the constitution of Finland from 1899 to 1900. [[File:Zennor - Inscription on the grave of Alice and John Westlake (1).jpg|right|thumb|200px|Westlake's grave]] ==Works== His works, of the highest importance in their field, include: * {{cite book |title= A Treatise on Private International Law |year=1858 |edition=1st|place= London|publisher=W. Maxwell |url= https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonprivat00west#page/n3/mode/2up |accessdate=3 July 2018 |via = Internet Archive}}; [https://archive.org/stream/atreatiseonpriv03westgoog#page/n7/mode/2up Second edition, rewritten, 1880]; fifth edition, 1912. * {{cite book |title= Chapters on the Principles of International Law |year= 1894 |place=Cambridge |publisher=At the University Press |url= https://archive.org/stream/chaptersonprinci00west#page/n5/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018 |via= Internet Archive}} * {{cite book |title= International Law Part I - Peace |edition= 1st|place=Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press|year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/stream/internationalla01west#page/n7/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018 |via = Internet Archive}};<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTPmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA421|page=421|volume=23|title =Review of ''International Law'' Part I, Peace, by Professor Westlake|journal=The Oxford Magazine|date = June 21, 1905|publisher = The Proprietors}}</ref> {{cite book |title= International Law Part II- War |edition= 1st |place= Cambridge |publisher=At the University Press |year= 1907|url=https://archive.org/stream/internationallaw00westrich#page/n5/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018 |via = Internet Archive}};<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''International Law. Part II.—War'' by John Westlake|journal=The Athenaeum|issue=4179|date=November 30, 1907|pages=680–681|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__I_PcOFSw8C&pg=PA680}}</ref> {{cite book |title= International Law Part I - Peace |edition= 2nd|place=Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press|year=1910 |url=https://archive.org/stream/internationallaw01west#page/n7/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018 |via = Internet Archive}}; {{cite book |title= International Law Part II- War |edition= 2nd |place= Cambridge |publisher=At the University Press |year= 1913|url=https://archive.org/stream/internationallaw00west#page/n5/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018 |via = Internet Archive}}. *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= International Law (Private) |volume= 14 |last= Westlake |first= John |author-link= | pages = 701&ndash;705 }} * His ''Collected Papers on Public International Law'' were edited by [[L. F. L. Oppenheim|L. Oppenheim]] in 1914.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Collected Papers of John Westlake on Public International Law |place= Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press |editor= Oppenheim, L. |editor-link= Lassa Oppenheim|year= 1914 |url=https://archive.org/stream/collectedpaperso00westuoft#page/n7/mode/2up |accessdate= 3 July 2018|via = Internet Archive}}</ref> * {{cite Q|Q105802083|author-mask=0}}<!-- The Transvaal war: a lecture delivered in the University of Cambridge on 9th November, 1899 --> ==See also== * [[Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{NIE}} ==External links== *{{cite book |title= Memories of John Westlake |year= 1914 |place=London |publisher= Smith, Elder & Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/memoriesofjohnwe00willrich/page/n5 |accessdate=15 February 2019 |via= Internet Archive}} * {{Hansard-contribs | mr-john-westlake | John Westlake }} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=John Westlake}} * [https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/view_as/grid/search/keyword:john-westlake Painting(s) by or after John Westlake at the Art UK site] * {{NPG name}} {{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{s-new | constituency}} {{s-ttl | title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Romford (UK Parliament constituency)|Romford]] | years = [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]] – [[1886 United Kingdom general election|1886]] }} {{s-aft | after = [[James Theobald (politician)|James Theobald]] }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Westlake, John}} [[Category:1828 births]] [[Category:1913 deaths]] [[Category:International law scholars]] [[Category:English legal writers]] [[Category:People from Lostwithiel]] [[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]] [[Category:Members of the Institut de Droit International]] [[Category:Whewell Professors of International Law]] [[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]] [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Members of Lincoln's Inn]] [[Category:English Christian socialists]] [[Category:Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration]] [[Category:English male non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies]] [[Category:British judges of international courts and tribunals]] {{international-law-stub}} {{England-Liberal-UK-MP-stub}}'