Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Adverse reaction of intoxication}} {{About|intoxication|other uses of the word "spins"|Spin (disambiguation)}} {{Redirect|The Spins|the song by Mac Miller|The Spins (Mac Miller song)}} '''The spins''' (as in '''having "the spins"''')<ref name="fsu">{{cite web | vauthors = Leiva DM | publisher = The [[Florida State University]] | work = College of Education | url = http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-225407 | title = Women's Voices on College Drinking: The First-Year College Experience | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120522091406/http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-225407 | archive-date = 2012-05-22 }}</ref> is an [[adverse reaction]] of [[Substance intoxication|intoxication]] that causes a state of [[vertigo]] and [[nausea]],<ref name="dartmouth">{{cite web | work = [[Dartmouth College]] | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~healthed/groups/dapa/otherdrugs/pot.html | title = Marijuana / Cannabis | date = 17 July 2018 }}</ref> causing one to feel as if "spinning out of control",<ref name="battery">{{cite web | vauthors = Gibson P | work = patrickgibson.com | url = http://patrickgibson.com/news/archive/battery/ | title = Battery Review }}</ref> especially when lying down. It is most commonly associated with [[drunkenness]]<ref name="ragman">{{cite book | vauthors = Hautman P | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8lbBCe5TPq0C&dq=%22got+the+spins%22&pg=PA24 | title = Rag Man | date=20 February 2002 | isbn=9780743217699 }}</ref> or mixing [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] with other [[psychoactive drug]]s<ref name="wwu">{{cite web | publisher = [[Western Washington University]] | work = Prevention and Wellness Services | url = http://www.wwu.edu/chw/preventionandwellness/AODWebPDFs/Alcohol&OtherDrugInteractions.pdf | title = Alcohol and Drug Interactions }}</ref> such as [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]. This state is likely to cause [[vomiting]],<ref name="binge">{{cite web | vauthors = Lederman LC, Stewart LP, Laitman L, Goodhart F, Powell R | work = The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention | url = http://www.higheredcenter.org/files/product/case-binge.pdf | title = A Case Against "Binge" as the Term of Choice: How to Get College Students to Personalize Messages about Dangerous Drinking }}</ref> but having "the spins" is not life-threatening unless [[pulmonary aspiration]] occurs.<ref name="dartmouth"/> ==Symptoms== The most common general symptom of having the spins is described by its name: the feeling that one has the uncontrollable sense of spinning, although one is not in motion, which is one of the main reasons an [[Substance intoxication|intoxicated]] person may vomit.<ref name="sermon">{{cite web | vauthors = Peck T | work = FlockFinder.com | url = http://www.flockfinder.com/11_sermons_3_ss.htm | title = Today's spotlight sermon on Addiction }}</ref> The person has this feeling due to impairments in vision and [[equilibrioception]] (sense of balance). [[Diplopia]] (double vision) or polyplopia are common, as well as the symptoms of [[motion sickness]] and [[vertigo (medical)|vertigo]].<ref name="discovery"/> ==Causes== ===Alcohol=== {{See also|Positional alcohol nystagmus}} Ingesting a great deal of alcohol in a short amount of time causes alcohol to quickly enter the bloodstream.<ref name="drugguy">{{cite web | vauthors = Wolfsberg J |title=Ask the Drug Guy: Is the phrase "Beer before liquor, never sicker - liquor before beer, in the clear" accurate, and if so, why? |url=http://thedrugguy.com/2007/10/07/drinking-myths-and-misconceptions/ |access-date=February 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120220144327/http://www.jeffwolfsberg.com/alcohol-drug-education-programs/drinking-myths-and-misconceptions |archive-date=February 20, 2012 |date=October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mixing alcohol with normal [[soft drink]]s, rather than [[diet soft drink|diet drinks]], delays the dizzying effects of alcohol because the sugary mixture slows the emptying of the stomach, so that drunkenness occurs less rapidly.<ref name="diet">{{cite web | work = [[CNN]] | url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/diet.fitness/06/27/rs.food.pairings/index.html | title = Food pairings: Working for or against you? }}</ref> The dizzying effects of alcohol<ref name="dartmouth"/> upset the fragile mechanism that the [[inner ear]] uses to balance.<ref name="discovery">{{cite web | vauthors = Porter M | work = [[Discovery Channel]] Ask the Expert | url = http://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/homeandhealth/askTheExpertArticle.jsp?ate_article_id=270&ate_category_id=9&site=uk | title = Dr Mark Porter on giddy turns }}</ref> <blockquote>Balance in the body is monitored principally by two systems, both of which are affected by alcohol sending abnormal impulses to the brain, [which tells it] that the body is rotating, causing disorientation and making the eyes spin round to compensate.<ref name="treatmentnow">{{cite web | work = treatment-now.com | url = http://www.treatment-now.com/resources/alcohol/ | title = Alcohol }}</ref></blockquote> This "upset" has been seen in experiments in which human subjects were given clinical tests of the [[vestibular system]] before and after ingesting alcohol.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tianwu H, Watanabe Y, Asai M, Shimizu K, Takada S, Mizukoshi K | title = Effects of alcohol ingestion on vestibular function in postural control | journal = Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Supplementum | volume = 519 | pages = 127–131 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7610847 | doi = 10.3109/00016489509121886 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Post RB, Lott LA, Beede JI, Maddock RJ | title = The effect of alcohol on the vestibulo-ocular reflex and apparent concomitant motion | journal = Journal of Vestibular Research | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 181–187 | date = May–Jun 1994 | pmid = 7921336 }}</ref> The alcohol apparently causes the [[ampullary cupula]] in the [[semicircular canal]] to become lighter than the surrounding fluid ([[endolymph]]), which causes the system to become sensitive to gravity in addition to rotational acceleration.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fetter M, Haslwanter T, Bork M, Dichgans J | title = New insights into positional alcohol nystagmus using three-dimensional eye-movement analysis | journal = Annals of Neurology | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 216–223 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 9989624 | doi = 10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<216::aid-ana12>3.0.co;2-f | s2cid = 25697152 }}</ref> ===Poly drug use=== ====Alcohol and cannabis==== Intoxication from both alcohol and [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] is known as being ''cross faded'', although the term is also used less commonly for combinations of other substances.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Patrick ME, Lee CM | title = Cross-faded: Young Adults' Language of Being Simultaneously Drunk and High | journal = Cannabis | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 60–65 | date = 2018-07-07 | pmid = 30643908 | pmc = 6329594 | doi = 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.006 }}</ref> The spins are often reported when alcohol is mixed with cannabis, since both may cause dizziness<ref name="dartmouth"/> and magnify each other's effects.<ref name="washingtonian">{{cite web | vauthors = Rich C | work = [[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian]] | url = http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/businesscareers/6348.html | title = Getting High | date = November 2004 }}</ref> Smoking after drinking especially intensifies the effects of the alcohol,<ref name="wwu"/> often resulting in nausea.<ref name="dartmouth"/> ==Treatment and prevention== Since at least some of the symptoms of "the spins" can be attributed to alcohol's disturbance of the vestibular system, many symptom relief strategies are based on increasing the body's ability to use other senses to regain balance. In addition to the vestibular system, vision and touch information from the body are extremely important in maintaining balance. In fact, the vestibular system is not necessary at all to maintain standing balance unless information from the other two systems becomes inadequate.<ref name="Horak54">{{cite journal | vauthors = Horak FB | title = Postural compensation for vestibular loss and implications for rehabilitation | journal = Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–68 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20086283 | pmc = 2965039 | doi = 10.3233/RNN-2010-0515 }}</ref> Keeping one foot flat on the ground while trying to sleep is one popular self-treatment for people whose dizziness is exacerbated by lying down with eyes closed.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} There is no direct scientific evidence to support this treatment, however it is consistent with studies showing that postural balance responses to high and low speed tilts are primarily driven by force and velocity receptors in the muscles with relatively little input from the vestibular system.<ref name=Horak54/> One way to mask the symptoms of the spins is to avoid staring at moving objects, such as people who are dancing or [[ceiling fan]]s. Instead, it helps to stare at a non-moving object and slowly blink a few times. However, it will make things worse to keep one's eyes closed for an extended period. In minor cases of the spins, simply sitting alone in a quiet place or [[walking|taking a walk]] is all it takes to make them subside.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} The best ways to avoid the spins are to continuously keep monitoring one's alcohol intake, which involves limiting one's intake to a reasonable level<ref name="hangovercure">{{cite web | work = Craig Hitchens Therapies | url = http://craighitchenstherapies.com/articles/natural-hang-over-cure-kind-of/comment-page-1/ | title = Natural Hang Over Cure - Kind Of! }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2009}} and to eat before drinking, which allows alcohol to be metabolized more efficiently and steadily, while also keeping blood sugar levels more even.<ref name="hangovercure"/> Certain foods, such as [[cracker (food)|crackers]] and [[cheese]], have the right levels of [[carbohydrates]], [[fat]], and [[protein]] to help further slow the emptying of one's [[stomach]].<ref name="diet"/> ==In popular culture== Someone getting or having the spins is mentioned in several books, including: ''Being Irish'' by Joseph Keefe,<ref name="irish">{{cite book | vauthors = Keefe J | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AT6n9IXfoNYC&dq=%22had+the+spins%22&pg=PA7 | title = Being Irish | year=2002 | isbn=9780740719974 }}</ref> ''The Girls' Guide to Surviving a Break-Up'' by [[Hirsh|Delphine Hirsh]],<ref name="binge"/> ''The Stranger Guide to [[Seattle]]'' by Paula Gilovich and Traci Vogel,<ref name="seattle">{{cite book | vauthors = Gilovich P, Vogel T | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Pll8PK9mIIQC&dq=%22got+the+spins%22&pg=PA4 | title = The Stranger Guide to Seattle | year=2001 | isbn=9781570612565 }}</ref> ''Rag Man'' by [[Pete Hautman]],<ref name="ragman"/> ''[[The Tin Roof Blowdown]]'' by [[James Lee Burke]].<ref name="blowdown">{{cite book | vauthors = Burke JL | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5wZOMAGTZ5AC&q=spins&pg=PA10-IA1 | title = The Tin Roof Blowdown | date=17 July 2007 | isbn=9781416559887 }}</ref> Visual depictions of the imbalance or dizziness associated with drunkenness were also featured in ''[[Mabel's Strange Predicament]]'' and other [[Charlie Chaplin]] movies. The cause of the spins is also described in Season 1, Episode 10 of the Netflix Original Series ''[[Daredevil (TV series)|Daredevil]]'' during a discussion between two main characters, Matt Murdock and Foggy Nelson, after a night of drinking. Murdock confirms when asked by Nelson that he still gets the spins despite being blind due to disturbed equilibrium of the fluid in the inner ear. In the film ''[[Frances Ha]]'', Benji tells Frances that placing one foot on the ground as she lies down on her bed will somewhat alleviate the spins. Later in the film, she teaches this new trick to her friend Sophie. The [[Pittsburgh]] [[rapper]], [[Mac Miller]]'s album ''[[K.I.D.S.|K.I.D.S]]'' featured a track titled "[[The Spins (Mac Miller song)|The Spins]]". Danger Ronnie and the Spins associate this into their name and music. Rock musician and [[Korn]] guitarist [[Brian "Head" Welch]] references experiencing the spins during his time as an alcoholic and drug addict. He mentions the symptoms were particularly noticeable when laying down with his eyes closed. These references were made in his self-debuted album track "Flush". The [[Philadelphia]] band [[Modern Baseball (band)|Modern Baseball]] make reference to the spins in their 2014 track ''Rock Bottom'', from the album ''[[You're Gonna Miss It All]]''. == References == {{Reflist|2}} {{Alcohol and health}} [[Category:Health effects of alcohol]] [[Category:Adverse effects of psychoactive drugs]]'