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'{{Short description|President of Guyana from 1999 to 2011}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bharrat Jagdeo | native_name = | office = [[Vice President of Guyana]] | image = Jabdeo 2022 (cropped).jpg | president = [[Irfaan Ali]] | alongside = [[Mark Phillips (Guyana)|Mark Phillips]] | 1blankname = Prime Minister | 1namedata = Mark Phillips | predecessor = [[Carl Barrington Greenidge]]<br />[[Khemraj Ramjattan]]<br />[[Sydney Allicock]] | president1 = [[Janet Jagan]] | predecessor1 = Janet Jagan<br>[[Reepu Daman Persaud]] |successor1 = Reepu Daman Persaud |alongside1=[[Sam Hinds]] | office2 = 7th [[List of Presidents of Guyana|President of Guyana]] | vicepresident2 = [[Reepu Daman Persaud]] | 1blankname2 = Prime Minister {{no wrap|{{small|{{small|{{small|(also First Vice President)}}}}}}}} | 1namedata2 = [[Sam Hinds]] | predecessor2 = [[Janet Jagan]] | successor2 = [[Donald Ramotar]] | office3 = 7th [[Prime Minister of Guyana|Prime Minister]] [[Vice President of Guyana|and First Vice President of Guyana]] | predecessor3 = [[Sam Hinds]] | president3 = [[Janet Jagan]] | successor3 = Sam Hinds | party = [[People's Progressive Party/Civic]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|1|23|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pg/Bharrat.J/about/ |title=About|website=Bharrat Jagdeo via Facebook|access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Unity Village, Guyana|Unity Village]], [[British Guiana]]<br /><small>(present-day [[Guyana]])</small> | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Guyanese | spouse = [[Natasha Jagdeo]] | alma_mater = [[Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia]] | term_start = 2 August 2020 | term_end = | term_start1 = 19 December 1997 | term_end1 = 9 August 1999 | term_start2 = 11 August 1999 | term_end2 = 3 December 2011 | term_start3 = 9 August 1999 | term_end3 = 11 August 1999 | office4 = [[President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations]] | term_start4 = 26 November 2010 | term_end4 = 29 October 2011 | predecessor4 = [[Rafael Correa]] | successor4 = [[Fernando Lugo]] | caption = Jagdeo in 2022 }} '''Bharrat Jagdeo''' (born 23 January 1964) is a [[Guyana|Guyanese]] politician who has been serving as [[Vice President of Guyana]] since 2020, in the administration of [[President of Guyana|President]] [[Irfaan Ali]]. He had previously also held the office from 1997 until 1999, during the presidency of [[Janet Jagan]]. Jagdeo subsequently served as the [[President of Guyana]] from 11 August 1999 to 3 December 2011. He also holds a number of global leadership positions in the areas of [[sustainable development]], [[green growth]] and [[climate change]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lcds.gov.gy/index.php/11-press-releases-news/65-president-bharrat-jagdeo-named-for-climate-change-group | title=President Bharrat Jagdeo Named For Climate Change Group | publisher=lcds.gov.gy | date=28 June 2016 | access-date=22 December 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.iucn.org/content/presidential-drive-sustainable-development-forest-countries| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082828/https://www.iucn.org/content/presidential-drive-sustainable-development-forest-countries| archive-date = 2020-03-26| title = A presidential drive for sustainable development in forest countries {{!}} IUCN}}</ref> Jagdeo, a member of the [[People's Progressive Party (Guyana)|People's Progressive Party/Civic]] (PPP/C), served as [[Ministry of Finance (Guyana)|Minister of Finance]] from 1995 to 1999, becoming president in 1999 after [[Janet Jagan]] resigned for health reasons. Subsequently, he won two elections, in 2001 and 2006. He was the first and youngest President of Guyana to relinquish office in accordance with term limits he signed into the [[Guyanese Constitution]]. Following the PPP/C's electoral defeat in 2015 Jagdeo became [[Leader of the Opposition of Guyana|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[National Assembly (Guyana)|National Assembly]]. Furthermore, when the PPP/C returned to power in 2020, Jagdeo was sworn in as a vice president in the administration of president [[Irfaan Ali]].<ref name="2020vice">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/08/02/news/guyana/lowenfield-submits-report-with-recount-result/|title=Irfaan Ali sworn in as President|date=2 August 2020|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806010241/https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/08/02/news/guyana/lowenfield-submits-report-with-recount-result/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vice News]] alleged that it had uncovered corruption by Jagdeo and several Chinese businessmen. These allegations were rejected by Jagdeo who pointed out instead, that the Vice News documentary failed to provide irrefutable evidence to substantiate its claims and it mostly relied on hearsay and comments by a Chinese businessman Su Zhi Rong against whom he has filed a defamation lawsuit. ==Education and early career== Jagdeo was born in [[Unity Village, Guyana|Unity Village]] in [[Demerara-Mahaica]], in then [[British Guiana]] in 1964 to [[Hindu]] [[Indo-Guyanese|Indian]] parents. In 1912, his grandfather, Ram Jiyawan had immigrated under the [[Indian indenture system]] to British Guiana from the village of Pure Thakurain in the [[Amethi district]] of the [[Awadh|Awadh region]] of the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] in [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/guyanese-president-visits-ancestral-village-in-up_117932.html|title = Guyanese President visits ancestral village in UP|date = 24 August 2003|access-date = 16 September 2018|archive-date = 8 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201108042539/https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/guyanese-president-visits-ancestral-village-in-up_117932.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news303/ns308263.htm|title=Jagdeo visits ancestral village, embraces grandfather’s sister launches web site dedicated to tracing family roots|website=Stabroek news|accessdate=23 June 2023|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831055954/https://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news303/ns308263.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> During his visit to India once, Jagdeo went to his ancestral village and it was found that a community of salt makers called [[Lonia|Nonia]]s happened to be the community from which his ancestors belonged to.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news303/ns308263.htm|title=Jagdeo visits ancestral village, embraces grandfather’s sister launches web site dedicated to tracing family roots|accessdate=31 August 2023|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831055954/https://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news303/ns308263.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Jagdeo joined the youth wing of the [[People's Progressive Party (Guyana)|People's Progressive Party]] (PPP), the Progressive Youth Organisation, when he was 13, and became a member of the PPP itself at age 16. He subsequently rose to local leadership positions in the party.<ref name=Meet>[http://www.gina.gov.gy/booklets/cabinet.pdf "Meet the New Cabinet Members"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926232602/http://www.gina.gov.gy/booklets/cabinet.pdf |date=26 September 2011 }}, GINA.</ref> He attended Bygeval Multilateral High School<ref name="Meet" /> before migrating to Russia in 1984 for higher studies. After obtaining a master's degree in economics from [[Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University]] in Moscow in 1990, Jagdeo returned to Guyana and worked as an economist in the State Planning Secretariat until the PPP-Civic election victory in the October 1992 election. After this he became Special Advisor to the Minister of Finance.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Bharrat Jagdeo|url=http://eng.rudn.ru/cooperation/honorary-doctors/bharrat-jagdeo/|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Peoples' Friendship University of Russia|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831060509/https://eng.rudn.ru/cooperation/honorary-doctors/bharrat-jagdeo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jagdeo was appointed as Junior Minister of Finance in October 1993, and a few weeks later, at the PPP's 24th Congress, he was elected to the party's Central Committee. He later became a member of the executive committee of the PPP. In the Cabinet, he was promoted to [[Ministry of Finance (Guyana)|Senior Minister of Finance]] in May 1995.<ref name=Meet/> In December 1997, he was appointed as the [[Vice President of Guyana|Second Vice President]].<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yNGfBwAAQBAJ&q=bharrat+jagdeo|title = Political Handbook of the World 2015|isbn = 9781483371559|last1 = Lansford|first1 = Tom|date = 24 March 2015|access-date = 7 December 2020|archive-date = 31 August 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230831060459/https://books.google.com/books?id=yNGfBwAAQBAJ&q=bharrat+jagdeo|url-status = live}}</ref> ==Prime Minister and President== On 8 August 1999, [[Janet Jagan]] announced that she was resigning as president for health reasons, and that Jagdeo would be her successor.<ref>"Guyanese president resigns for health reasons", Associated Press, 9 August 1999.</ref> Because the Prime Minister is the President's legal successor, Jagdeo took office as Prime Minister on 9 August, so that he would be positioned to succeed Jagan.<ref>"Jagan's heir sworn in as prime minister in Guyana", Associated Press, 9 August 1999.</ref> He was then sworn in as president on 11 August.<ref>"Guyana's new president urges racial tolerance", Associated Press, 12 August 1999.</ref> At age 35, he was one of the youngest heads of state in the world.<ref name="fao">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/news/92071/en/|title=Former Guyana President appointed FAO Special Ambassador for Forests and the Environment|website=Food and Agriculture Organization|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831060459/https://www.fao.org/forestry/news/92071/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jagdeo was re-elected for another five-year term on 28 August 2006, with the PPP garnering 54.6 percent of the votes. It expanded its majority, by two, to 36 seats in the 65-member parliament. He was sworn in for another term on 2 September.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200609/04/eng20060904_299232.html |title=Guyanan president sworn in after re-election |publisher=Xinhua |date=2006-09-03 |access-date=2012-10-23 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110132848/http://en.people.cn/200609/04/eng20060904_299232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the PPP's 29th Congress, Jagdeo received the highest number of votes (777) in the election to the party's Central Committee,<ref name=CC>[http://www.ppp-civic.org/releases/The%20People%20Progressive%20Party%20PPP%20at%20its%2029%20th%20Congress.html Press release on Central Committee election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405121333/http://www.ppp-civic.org/releases/The%20People%20Progressive%20Party%20PPP%20at%20its%2029%20th%20Congress.html |date=5 April 2020 }}, 3 August 2008.</ref><ref name=GT>[http://www.guyanatimesgy.com/news/news/84-news/412-donald-ramotar-re-elected-general-secretary-of-ppp.html "Donald Ramotar re-elected General Secretary of PPP"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820230348/http://www.guyanatimesgy.com/news/news/84-news/412-donald-ramotar-re-elected-general-secretary-of-ppp.html |date=20 August 2008 }}, ''Guyana Times'', 13 August 2008.</ref> held on 2 August 2008.<ref name=CC/> He was then elected to the PPP Executive Committee<ref name=CC/><ref name=EC>[http://www.ppp-civic.org/releases/PPP%20GENERAL%20SECRETARY%20EXECUTIVE%20COMMITTEE%20ELECTED.html "PPP General Secretary, Executive Committee elected"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616040527/http://www.ppp-civic.org/releases/PPP%20GENERAL%20SECRETARY%20EXECUTIVE%20COMMITTEE%20ELECTED.html |date=16 June 2011 }}, PPP press statement, 12 August 2008.</ref> on 12 August 2008.<ref name=EC/> In late 2011, his term of office officially came to an end as a result of the term limit amendment to the Constitution, piloted by his government, and signed into law by himself, which created a two-term limit for anyone elected president after 2000.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/americas/voters-in-guyana-choose-between-3-parties-to-replace-departing-president-fill-parliament/2011/11/28/gIQA9ZyE5N_story.html |title=Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=28 November 2011 |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402175016/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/americas/voters-in-guyana-choose-between-3-parties-to-replace-departing-president-fill-parliament/2011/11/28/gIQA9ZyE5N_story.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/news/stories/11/29/jagdeo-hails-smooth-voting-process/ Jagdeo hails smooth voting process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120418/http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/news/stories/11/29/jagdeo-hails-smooth-voting-process/ |date=24 September 2015 }} - Stabroek News</ref> He was succeeded by PPP/C presidential candidate [[Donald Ramotar]], who was elected president in the 28 November 2011 general elections. Under the Constitution, President Jagdeo's term officially ended on 3 December 2011, when Ramotar took the presidential oath of office.<ref name=Wilkinson2011>{{cite news |last=Wilkinson |first=Burt |title=Donald Ramotar Sworn in as Guyana's President |url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2011/12/04/ramotar-sworn-guyana-s-president |access-date=2 September 2012 |newspaper=Guardian (Trinidad and Tobago) |date=4 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018202724/http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2011/12/04/ramotar-sworn-guyana-s-president |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==This information is completely false jagdeo is the most corrupt leader in the history of guyana this man has stolel billions from the country, he began his political career on a bicycle, today he is worth an estimate 25 billion usd , he is nothing but a common thief .Initiatives== During Jagdeo's tenure as president, major economic and social reforms were initiated in Guyana. When he relinquished office, Guyana had experienced five consecutive years of strong economic growth, often out-pacing other South American countries.<ref name="2012times">{{cite news|url=https://www.guyanatimesinternational.com/bharrat-jagdeo-the-journey-of-a-world-champion/|title=Bharrat Jagdeo: The journey of a World Champion|website=Guyana Times International|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831061017/https://www.guyanatimesinternational.com/bharrat-jagdeo-the-journey-of-a-world-champion/|url-status=live}}</ref> External debt had been almost halved, and reserves had almost tripled compared to the 2006 situation.<ref name="2012times"/> During the presidency, investments had been made in social services which resulted in improved access to education. The housing sector saw its biggest expansion in its history. Road, river and air transport infrastructure were improved.<ref name="2012times"/> In 2003, in his role as Lead Head of Government for Agriculture in the [[Caribbean Community]], Jagdeo spearheaded a process (known as the "Jagdeo Initiative") to create a more competitive and sustainable agricultural sector in the region by 2015.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.euacpcommodities.eu/files/04_Target_2015.pdf | title=Euacpcommodities.eu | access-date=28 June 2013 | archive-date=31 August 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062022/http://www6.euacpcommodities.eu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In his final term as president, President Jagdeo became a global advocate for international action to avert the worst extremes of climate change, and was described by the Chairman of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]], [[Rajendra K. Pachauri]], as "one of perhaps half a dozen Heads of Government who truly understands the issue".<ref name="2012times"/> In line with the President's global advocacy, Guyana's Low Carbon Development Strategy sets out a national scale, replicable model to protect Guyana's 18 million hectare forest, to address the 17% of global greenhouse gas emissions that result from deforestation and [[forest degradation]], and re-orient the Guyanese economy onto a long-term "low deforestation, low carbon, climate resilient trajectory".<ref name="2012times"/> As part of building this global model, Norway is partnering with Guyana to provide up to US$250&nbsp;million, by 2015, for avoided greenhouse gas emissions from Guyana's forest. Guyana is using these payments and domestic resources to attract private investment to opportunities in clean energy and new low carbon economic sectors, as well as to make significant public investments in other social and economic priorities. {{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} This has been described by the [[Climate & Development Knowledge Network]], the UK-based climate policy network, as "maybe the most progressive low carbon development strategy in a low income country."<ref>{{cite web|title=Policy Brief |url=http://cdkn.preprod.headshift.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/CDKN-CCD-DIGI-MASTER1.pdf |work=[[Climate & Development Knowledge Network]] |access-date=17 January 2013 |date=November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711154513/http://cdkn.preprod.headshift.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/CDKN-CCD-DIGI-MASTER1.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> Jagdeo was a signatory to the [[UNASUR Constitutive Treaty]] of the [[Union of South American Nations]] in May 2008. Guyana has ratified the treaty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unasursg.org/inicio/organizacion/estados-miembros |title=Unasur |access-date=2013-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621144524/http://www.unasursg.org/inicio/organizacion/estados-miembros |archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> In November 2009, Jagdeo hosted the heads of government of South America in Georgetown, at his one-year anniversary of the pro tempore presidency of UNASUR.<ref name="2012times"/> On 26 November 2011, Jagdeo made a far-reaching farewell address ahead of the nation's elections on 28 November 2011. {{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} He spoke of accomplishments, such as the economy and defense issues, and emphasised his optimism in the future of Guyana.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jagdeo|first=Bharrat|date=2011-05-26|title=President Bharrat Jagdeo's Address 45th Independence Anniversary|url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/speeches/gy_speeches/gy_independence_addresses.asp|access-date=2020-12-10|work=caribbeanelections.com}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Corruption and greenwashing allegations== In June 2020, [[Vice News]] conducted a six-week investigation into allegations of bribery, [[greenwashing]] and corruption against Jagdeo.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.stabroeknews.com/2022/07/08/news/guyana/brazil-police-raids-gang-allegedly-using-crypto-to-launder-illegal-gold-mining/|title= VICE News airs more claims about laundering, bribes by Chinese businessmen here|website= www.stabroeknews.com|publisher= Starbroek News|date= 8 July 2022|access-date= 19 July 2022|archive-date= 31 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062026/https://www.stabroeknews.com/2022/07/08/news/guyana/brazil-police-raids-gang-allegedly-using-crypto-to-launder-illegal-gold-mining/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/guyana-sale-people-react-controversial-vice-documentary|title= Is Guyana for sale? People react to controvserial VICE documentary|website= www.loopnews.com|publisher= Caribbean Loop News|date= 20 June 2022|access-date= 19 July 2022|archive-date= 31 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062026/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/guyana-sale-people-react-controversial-vice-documentary|url-status= live}}</ref> Specifically, their report focused on the relationship between Jagdeo and Chinese investment in mining and energy projects that were at odds with the nation's and Jagdeo's pledges to address the [[Climate crisis]] and [[Biodiversity crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/vp-jagdeo-sue-chinese-businessman-over-corruption-claims|title= VP Jagdeo to sue Chinese businessman over corruption claims|website= www.loopnews.com|publisher= Caribbean Loopnews|date= 20 June 2022|access-date= 19 July 2022|archive-date= 31 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062122/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/vp-jagdeo-sue-chinese-businessman-over-corruption-claims|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.caribbeanlife.com/major-bribe-scandal/|title= Major bribe scandal |website= www.caribbeanlife.com | publisher= Caribbean Life |date= 22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/guyanas-president-dismisses-calls-for-the-resignation-of-vice-president-bharrat-jagdeo/|title= Guyana's President dismisses calls for the resignation of Vice President Bharrat Jagdeo|website= www.caribbeannationalweekly.com|publisher= Caribbean National Weekly|date= 21 June 2022|access-date= 19 July 2022|archive-date= 31 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062532/https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/news/caribbean-news/guyanas-president-dismisses-calls-for-the-resignation-of-vice-president-bharrat-jagdeo/|url-status= live}}</ref> The documentary investigation showed undercover footage of Mr Jagdeo seeming to accept bribes although without wanting to know the details of the deal which he was entering, with Su Zhi Rong dealing with the particularities.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOOFSJqBYTY&ab_channel=VICENews|title= Undercover In Guyana: Exposing Chinese Business in South America|website= www.vicenews.com|publisher= Vice News|date= 7 July 2022|access-date= 19 July 2022|archive-date= 31 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230831062611/https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview?ai=CfPikfzLwZJiKBsHOn88Pmfa8gAGyxbLBcunc4bjbEcCNtwEQASAAYMkGggEXY2EtcHViLTYyMTk4MTE3NDcwNDkzNzGgAfiSxcspqAMEqgSPA0_Qj-vWCd7lYJIg41dWSH3gFA7xC8OM7EbTxmbxQ0cIkJ9pTvfYsBNWt1q28Kheu6f7ECnPnzjUgP7rXuusMh_5aLyrjZPJxagLGXgFnf41xaAV6HqzPsLlyikkt0rVDw8m6RJE0AP2bjCeGaTW4YQ_1ai60OJybgfC8AiVWALLkhk_QBpNaM1t5twbF2clOJ3uB11vO1kJiecJHZL9PVDUwJlZl8AFclXqJU2ZDKz4BQSe3NDQHkWjx0WwZHtqeVcsPKxVBwAjZO243wiC8wmHDB72qKyVWbqKRww-xdW9NYDp6Zjj3PVO3ImVCcadd6Kp8GELFd4_5OYPOeyvhq2J2KNIGtKFu4Zle3d3byc64XJHmVmXu8jURSF9vLBQpY9dbcG1z3RMBdiLSl1z-5BQmUHUdbonZVbkveDgwJCsi66z5Afxg2wwEi-dUblPjcHv_rG2fGiRsSehxekuA_ySe9afRTA2zzolfMzjlYDIGWYcjwBolQVykfLdU7H2p4UpOO3hNSbEQO2rWOybicAEjbeV87UEiAX_nfKDTJIFDQgSMLz4iNaa2JuGmgGSBQoIE2gCeLX7tdcEoAZVgAf4ypWrBJAHBKgH552xAqgH6J2xAqgHp7WxAqgH77WxAqgH8LWxAqgHgqqxAqgHhAioB6jSG6gHtgeoB4zNG6gHsdwbqAekmrECqAeRn7ECqAewm7ECqAffobECqAeusbECqAemqrECqAf_rLECqAeBxhuoB_yvsQKoB6vFG6gH49kbqAe3qbECqAfpq7ECkggLbWd4dXdhckNQRHeoCAHSCBYIgEEQARheMgKCAjoCgEBI2aDSNVAU8ggfY2EteXQtaG9zdC1wdWItODA5MzMwOTM0Mjg5ODY2MsgJF8gJjwGhC0TAXv079gsQugtFCAEQBRgGIAYoATAGQAFIAFgLYABoAHABiAEAmAEBogEPCgBYAXABmAICqAIB2AICqAEB2AEBgAIBiAIEqAIAtQKg5ZA_uBP___________8BsBQBwBWBgIBAihcWCAMYASABKAEwATgBQAFIAVABWAFgAqAXAboXBCgAMADSFwYSAv1OGFU&sigh=T2PWLm7f7jE&cid=CAASFeRoQ67baFQgJzHcbL6zQUg2mmNpow|url-status= live}}</ref> In an interview with Vice News and several national papers, Jagdeo rejected allegations of corruption and claimed instead that the Vice News documentary failed to provide first-hand evidence of corrupt transactions as it mostly relied on hear-say and comments by Chinese Businessman, Su Zhi Rong against whom he has filed a defamation lawsuit. ==Honours== Jagdeo has been conferred with honorary doctorates of the [[Peoples' Friendship University of Russia]],<ref name=":0" /> [[TERI University]], the [[University of Central Lancashire]] and [[Trent University]]. Jagdeo was awarded the Pushkin Medal by the Government of Russia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aashish Gala - aashishgala@hotmail.com |url=http://www.southernconeinvestments.com/guyana/index.php?articleid=6418 |title=Welcome to Southern Cone Investments Homepage |publisher=Southernconeinvestments.com |access-date=2012-10-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426012306/http://www.southernconeinvestments.com/guyana/index.php?articleid=6418 |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref> In April 2013, Jagdeo was conferred with the highest honour of the State of Roraima, Brazil, the Order of Merit 'Forte Sao Joaquim'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guyanatimesgy.com/?p=10913 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629091726/http://www.guyanatimesgy.com/?p=10913 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jagdeo conferred with Order of Merit from Brazil |work=Guyana Times |access-date=2 December 2014 }}</ref> ==Awards== [[File:The Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee conferring Pravasi Bharatiya Samman on the President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana Mr. Bharat Jagdeo at the inauguration of second Pravasi Bharatiya Divas - 2004 in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Bharat Jagdeo receives [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]] from the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], in 2004]] In 2004 he received the [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]] from the [[President of India]] in the field of public affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewestindiannews.com/guyanas-president-bharrat-jagdeo-on-five-day-working-visit-to-jamaica/ |title=Guyana's President Bharrat Jagdeo on five-day working visit to Jamaica|publisher=Thewestindiannews.com |date=2009-07-31 |access-date=2012-10-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026022150/http://www.thewestindiannews.com/guyanas-president-bharrat-jagdeo-on-five-day-working-visit-to-jamaica/ |archive-date=26 October 2014}}</ref> ==International profile and post-presidency career== President Jagdeo was elected as chairman of the Board of Governors of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and [[World Bank]] in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/am/2006/speeches/pr01e.pdf|title=BOARDS OF GOVERNORS • 2006 ANNUAL MEETINGS • SINGAPORE|website=International Monetary Fund|date=20 September 2006|access-date=19 June 2022|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831072641/https://www.imf.org/external/am/2006/speeches/pr01e.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> He occupied this position until September 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldleaders.columbia.edu/directory/bharrat-jagdeo|title=Bharrat Jagdeo|website=Columbia University|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415082603/https://worldleaders.columbia.edu/directory/bharrat-jagdeo|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Jagdeo as one of their "Heroes of the Environment" in 2008, and he was awarded the United Nations "Champion of the Earth" award in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inewsguyana.com/jagdeo-need-not-respond-to-attempts-to-discredit-his-tremendous-accomplishments/|title=Jagdeo need not respond to attempts to discredit his tremendous accomplishments|website=iNews Guyana|date=25 September 2017|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415082557/https://www.inewsguyana.com/jagdeo-need-not-respond-to-attempts-to-discredit-his-tremendous-accomplishments/|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2010, the [[Secretary General of the United Nations]] asked Jagdeo to serve on the Secretary General's [[High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/champions/laureates/2010/ |title=Champions of the Earth - United Nations Environment Programme |publisher=Unep.org |access-date=2012-10-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20141005041842/http://www.unep.org/champions/laureates/2010/ |archive-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,1841778,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926125911/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,1841778,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2008 |title=Heroes of the Environment 2008 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=2012-10-23}}</ref> Jagdeo is a Patron of the Delhi-based World Sustainable Development Forum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsdforum.org/patrons.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511233257/http://www.wsdforum.org/patrons.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2008|title=World Sustainable Development Forum|access-date=2 December 2014}}</ref> In 2011, Heads of State and other leaders from the world's rainforest countries asked him to be "Roving Ambassador for the Three Basins" (Amazon, Congo Basin, South East Asia).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rovingambassadorjagdeo.org/what-we-are-doing/three-basins-initiative |title=The Three Basins Initiative - Roving Ambassador Jagdeo |access-date=2 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821162657/http://rovingambassadorjagdeo.org/what-we-are-doing/three-basins-initiative |archive-date=21 August 2013}}</ref> In March 2012, the world's largest and oldest environmental organisation, the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN), announced that President Jagdeo would become the IUCN High Level Envoy for Sustainable Development in Forest Countries and an IUCN Patron of Nature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portals.iucn.org/2012forum/?q=node/2086|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025231100/https://portals.iucn.org/2012forum/?q=node%2F2086|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2014|title=2012Forum Form|work=iucn.org|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> Jagdeo is also the President of the Assembly of the Korea-based [[Global Green Growth Institute]] (GGGI),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gggi.org/jagdeo-elected-president-of-global-green-growth-institute/|title=Jagdeo elected president of Global Green Growth Institute|website=gggi.org|access-date=19 June 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528043231/https://gggi.org/jagdeo-elected-president-of-global-green-growth-institute/|url-status=live}}</ref> having been a Founding Board Member of GGGI since 2010. GGGI is the world's newest international organization, and has 20 Member States. In June 2013, [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] [[Kamalesh Sharma]] announced that former President Jagdeo would lead a high-level team of experts to identify solutions for unlocking resources to enable small, poor and climate-vulnerable Commonwealth countries to [[climate change mitigation|combat climate change]]. The former president was joined by eight others to create a set of recommendations for the international community to help identify practical solutions for those countries most [[Climate change vulnerability|vulnerable to climate change]]. Jagdeo presented the report to the 53 Heads of Government and other leaders of the Commonwealth, representing about a fifth of the world's population at the 2014 [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] (CHOGM) in Colombo, Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/255699/200613cegclimatefinance.htm |title=Former Guyana President Jagdeo to lead Commonwealth Expert Group on Climate Finance |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629091709/http://thecommonwealth.org/news/34580/255699/200613cegclimatefinance.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-29 |access-date=2013-06-28}}</ref> Jagdeo travelled from the 2015 CHOGM to the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] summit in Warsaw where he spoke of the outcomes of CHOGM and the need for continued leadership from Prime Ministers and Presidents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inewsguyana.com/president-lashes-back-at-jagdeo-about-trotmans-ability-to-handle-climate-change/|title=President lashes back at Jagdeo about Trotman's ability to handle climate change|website=iNews Guyana|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415082602/https://www.inewsguyana.com/president-lashes-back-at-jagdeo-about-trotmans-ability-to-handle-climate-change/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a major speech in Warsaw, he stated: "In the next 24 months much progress needs to be made if we are going to have a climate agreement. We can still stop the absolute worst extremes of climate change, and start the massive shift towards global low carbon development... The world tried to do this in 2009 at Copenhagen, and failed. As a consequence, more people will die, more livelihoods will be destroyed, more economies will suffer and the cost of action has gone up steadily...If we fail again in 2015, the damage and the costs will become truly unmanageable....Future generations will ask: how could we be so selfish not once, but twice?"{{cite quote|date=February 2021}} He has been a Special Ambassador to the FAO for Forests and the Environment (an [[FAO Goodwill Ambassador]]) since 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAO Website |url=http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/cofo/daily-highlights/thursday-friday/en/ |website=Food and Agriculture Organization}}</ref> In March 2013, the [[African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States|ACP]] Council of Ministers inaugurated a 14-member Eminent Persons Group (EPG) whose mission will be to provide guidance and concrete recommendations for the future of the ACP Group. The 14 members of the group who met in Brussels designated the former [[Nigerian President]], Chief [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], as their chairperson, with Jagdeo designated as one of two Vice Chairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acp.int/content/acp-council-ministers-brussels-march-25-26-2013|title=ACP Council of Ministers, Brussels March 25-26, 2013 - ACP|access-date=2 December 2014|archive-date=6 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606044042/http://www.acp.int/content/acp-council-ministers-brussels-march-25-26-2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Jagdeo has been a guest lecturer at [[Columbia University]] (New York City, USA), [[York University]] (Toronto, Canada), [[Trent University]] (Peterborough, Canada), the [[University of Toronto]], [[United Nations University]] (Tokyo, Japan), and the [[University of the West Indies]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} He has also taken part in Trent University's Carbon Conversation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trentu.ca/tcbr/carbon.php|title=Trent University :: Trent Centre for Biomaterials Research|access-date=2 December 2014|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502211101/http://www.trentu.ca/tcbr/carbon.php|url-status=live}}</ref> focusing on the need to de-carbonize the global economy. ===Leader of the Opposition=== Following the PPP's defeat in the [[2015 Guyanese general election|May 2015 general election]], Jagdeo was included in the list of the PPP's 32 MPs.<ref>[http://www.stabroeknews.com/2015/news/stories/07/07/jagdeo-on-pppc-parliament-list/ "Jagdeo on PPP/C Parliament list"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403223138/http://www.stabroeknews.com/2015/news/stories/07/07/jagdeo-on-pppc-parliament-list/ |date=3 April 2021 }}, ''Stabroek News'', 7 July 2015.</ref> He was sworn in as [[Leader of the Opposition of Guyana|Leader of the Opposition]] in the National Assembly on 17 August 2015.<ref>Derwayne Wills, [http://guyanachronicle.com/2015/08/18/ppp-returns-to-parliament-jagdeo-sworn-in-as-opposition-leader/ "PPP returns to Parliament, Jagdeo sworn in as Opposition Leader"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216112957/http://guyanachronicle.com/2015/08/18/ppp-returns-to-parliament-jagdeo-sworn-in-as-opposition-leader/ |date=16 February 2017 }}, ''Guyana Chronicle'', 18 August 2015.</ref> ===Vice president=== In March 2020, the PPP won the [[2020 Guyanese general election]], but an attempt was made by the incumbent APNU+AFC government to stay in power illegally.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guyana-election-idUSKBN20S2YY|title=Guyana's Granger claims victory as U.S. and EU question vote results|website=Reuters|date=6 March 2020|access-date=15 April 2021|last1=Marks|first1=Neil|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415173541/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guyana-election-idUSKBN20S2YY|url-status=live}}</ref> Jagdeo was to the fore of domestic and international efforts to protect the democratic process, and see a [[peaceful transition of power]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-17|title=Jagdeo lambastes APNU+AFC over vote recount delays|url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/03/17/news/guyana/jagdeo-lambastes-apnuafc-over-vote-recount-delays/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Stabroek News|language=en-US|archive-date=31 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831073138/https://www.stabroeknews.com/2020/03/17/news/guyana/jagdeo-lambastes-apnuafc-over-vote-recount-delays/|url-status=live}}</ref> The support of the US Government (who placed sanctions on several members of the incumbent Government),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inewsguyana.com/us-ambassador-says-sanctions-still-on-the-table-for-guyana-over-electoral-fraud/|title=US Ambassador says sanctions "still on the table" for Guyana over electoral fraud|website=iNews Guyana|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415173543/https://www.inewsguyana.com/us-ambassador-says-sanctions-still-on-the-table-for-guyana-over-electoral-fraud/|url-status=live}}</ref> and others,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsroom.gy/2020/07/22/european-union-urges-gecom-to-rapidly-declare-recount-results/|title=European Union urges GECOM to 'rapidly' declare recount results|website=News Room Guyana|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414194259/https://newsroom.gy/2020/07/22/european-union-urges-gecom-to-rapidly-declare-recount-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> resulted in the swearing in of Irfaan Ali as president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inewsguyana.com/irfaan-ali-already-deemed-president-of-guyana-jagdeo-cites-constitution/|title=Irfaan Ali already deemed President of Guyana – Jagdeo cites Constitution|website=iNews Guyana|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415173541/https://www.inewsguyana.com/irfaan-ali-already-deemed-president-of-guyana-jagdeo-cites-constitution/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the PPP regained the presidency, President Ali swore in Jagdeo as the first Vice President on 3 August 2020.<ref name="2020vice" /> Jagdeo also shortly held the position of Minister of Finance until Ashni Singh was appointed the minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2020/11/07/is-jagdeo-the-chief-cook-and-bottle-washer/|title=Is Jagdeo the chief cook and bottle washer?|website=Kaieteur News Online|access-date=15 April 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415082606/https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2020/11/07/is-jagdeo-the-chief-cook-and-bottle-washer/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Bharrat Jagdeo}} *[https://bwog.com/2009/09/lecturehop-we-heart-bharrat-jagdeo/ LectureHop: We Heart Bharrat Jagdeo] - 2009 visit to [[Columbia University]] *[http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/news/stories/11/29/jagdeo-hails-smooth-voting-process/ Jagdeo hails smooth voting process] - news story which refers to Jagdeo as the "outgoing president" *[https://gadebate.un.org/66/guyana Address by H.E. President Bharrat Jagdeo] to the General Debate of the 66th session of the [[United Nations General Assembly]], 21 September 2011 {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Sam Hinds]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Guyana|Prime Minister of Guyana]]|years=1999}} {{s-aft|after=[[Sam Hinds]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Janet Jagan]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Presidents of Guyana|President of Guyana]]|years=1999–2011}} {{s-aft|after=[[Donald Ramotar]]}} |- {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rafael Correa]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations]]|years=2010–2011}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Lugo]]}} {{s-end}} {{Heads of State of Guyana}} {{Heads of government of Guyana}} {{Authority control}} {{National Assembly of Guyana}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jagdeo, Bharrat}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Finance ministers of Guyana]] [[Category:Guyanese Hindus]] [[Category:Guyanese politicians of Indian descent]] [[Category:Peoples' Friendship University of Russia alumni]] [[Category:People's Progressive Party (Guyana) politicians]] [[Category:Presidents of Guyana]] [[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations]] [[Category:Prime Ministers of Guyana]] [[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]] [[Category:Vice presidents of Guyana]] [[Category:United Nations goodwill ambassadors]]'