Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Design language by Microsoft}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}} '''Windows Aero''' (a [[backronym]] for ''Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open''<ref name="WindowsVistaExperience">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |title=Windows Vista Developer Center — Create the Experience |date=2005 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |quote=What is AERO? AERO stands for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open and is the user experience guidelines for Windows Vista, governing the look and feel of the operating system. These guidelines express not just the way the pixels are drawn, but how the user interacts with the system and the feelings it should evoke. These guidelines, and the AERO user interface, are the result of years of design and user research by Microsoft. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050729003728/http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |archive-date=July 29, 2005 |access-date=December 25, 2023}}</ref><ref name="WindowsVistaSounds">{{cite web |url=http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |title=The Sounds of Windows Vista |last=Allchin |first=Jim |author-link=James Allchin |date=November 9, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110152317/http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |archive-date=November 10, 2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=Windows Vista Team Blog |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>) is the [[design language]] introduced in the [[Microsoft]] [[Windows Vista]] [[operating system]]. The changes introduced by Windows Aero encompassed many elements of the Windows interface, with the introduction of a new visual style with an emphasis on animation, glass, and translucency; interface guidelines for phrasing and tone of instructions and other text in applications were available. New cursors and sounds based on Windows Aero design principles were also introduced. Windows Aero was used as the design language of [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]]. The [[flat design]]-based [[Metro design language]] was introduced on [[Windows 8]], although aspects of the design and features promoted as part of Aero on Windows Vista and 7 have been retained in later versions of Windows (barring design changes to comply with Metro or [[Fluent Design System|Fluent]]). [[File:Aero Example.png|250px|thumb|A distinctive feature of Windows Aero showing "glass-like" window borders on [[Windows 7]]|alt=]] == Features == For the first time since the release of [[Windows 95]], Microsoft completely revised its user interface guidelines, covering [[aesthetics]], common controls such as buttons and [[radio button]]s, task dialogs, [[Wizard (software)|wizards]], common dialogs, control panels, icons, fonts, user notifications, and the "tone" of text used.<ref name="uxguide">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | title=What's New in Windows Vista | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=Windows Vista User Experience Guidelines | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=March 16, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084703/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name='WindowsVistaSounds'/> === Windows Aero theme === [[File:ThumbnailWin7.png|thumb|Live thumbnails showing the [[Internet Explorer]] tabs on the taskbar ]] On Windows Vista and Windows 7 computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, the Windows Aero theme is used by default, primarily incorporating various animation and transparency effects into the desktop using [[hardware acceleration]] and the [[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM). In the "Personalize" section added to [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] of Windows Vista, users can customize the "glass" effects to either be opaque or transparent, and change the color it is tinted. Enabling Windows Aero also enables other new features, including an enhanced [[Alt-Tab]] menu and taskbar thumbnails with live previews of windows, and "Flip 3D", a window switching mechanism which cascades windows with a 3D effect. [[File:Windows7 flip.png|thumb|Flip 3D showing the current tabs by pressing the key combination of {{keypress|Win|tab}}]] Windows 7 features refinements in Windows Aero, including larger window buttons by default (minimize, maximize, close and query), revised taskbar thumbnails, the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to the top or sides of the screen (to the side to make it fill half the screen, and to the top to maximize), the ability to hide all windows by hovering the Show Desktop button on the taskbar, and the ability to minimize all other windows by shaking one. Use of DWM, and by extension the Windows Aero theme, requires a [[video card]] with 128{{nbsp}}MB of graphics memory (or at least 64{{nbsp}}MB of video RAM and 1{{nbsp}}GB of system RAM for on-board graphics) supporting [[pixel shader]] 2.0, and with [[Windows Display Driver Model|WDDM]]-compatible drivers. Windows Aero is also not available in Windows 7 Starter, only available to a limited extent on Windows Vista Home Basic, and is automatically disabled if a user is detected to be running a [[Windows Genuine Advantage|non-genuine]] copy of Windows.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | title=Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=February 2007 | archive-date=September 14, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914073532/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | title=Vista won't show fancy side to pirates | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | work=[[CNET]] | date=April 13, 2006 | access-date=June 12, 2013 | first=Ina | last=Fried | archive-date=October 22, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022192018/http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Windows Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] also support Windows Aero as part of the "Desktop Experience" component, which is disabled by default.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desktop Experience Overview|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]]|date=November 17, 2009|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=August 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172914/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> === Aero Wizards === <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Windows 7 Connection Wizard.png|thumb|A network connection wizard on [[Windows 7]] which utilized the Aero Wizard layout|alt=]] --> '''Wizard 97'''<ref name="wizard97">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | title=Wizard 97 | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Platform SDK]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=May 2002 | archive-date=March 15, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315032001/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref> had been the prevailing standard for wizard design, visual layout, and functionality used in [[Windows 98]] through to [[Windows Server 2003]], as well as most Microsoft products in that time frame. Aero Wizards are the replacement for Wizard 97, incorporating visual updates to match the aesthetics of the rest of Aero, as well as changing the interaction flow. More specifically: * To increase the efficiency of the wizard, the "Welcome" pages in Wizard 97 are no longer used. (A precursor to this change was implied in a number of wizards in products such as [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server 2005]] where a check-box was added to welcome pages, allowing a user to disable the welcome page in future uses of the wizard.) * Aero Wizards can be resized, whereas the Wizard 97 guidelines defined exact sizes for wizard window and content sizes. * The purpose of Aero Wizards are more clearly stated at the top. * A new kind of control called a "Command link" provides a single-click operation to choose from a short list of options. * The notion of "Commit pages" is introduced, where it is made clear that the next step will be the actual process that the wizard is being used to enact. If no follow-up information needs to be communicated, these are the last pages in a wizard. Typically a commit page has a button at the bottom-right that is labeled with the action to be taken, such as "Create account". * The "Back" button has moved to the top-left corner of the wizard window and matches the visual style of the back button in other Vista applications. This is done to give more focus to the commit choices. The "Next" button is only shown on pages where it is necessary. * At the end of a wizard, a "Follow-up page" can be used to direct the user to related tasks that they may be interested in after completing the wizard. For example, a follow-up for a CD burning wizard may present options like "Duplicate this disc" and "Make a disc label". === Notifications === Notifications allow an application or operating system component with an icon in the notification area to create a pop-up window with some information about an event or problem. These windows, first introduced in [[Windows 2000]] and known colloquially as "balloons", are similar in appearance to the [[speech balloon]]s that are commonly seen in [[comics]]. Balloons were often criticized in prior versions of Windows due to their intrusiveness, especially with regard to how they interacted with full-screen applications such as games (the entire application was minimized as the bubble came up). Notifications in Aero aim to be less intrusive by gradually fading in and out, and not appearing at all if a full-screen application or screensaver is being displayed—in these cases, notifications are queued until an appropriate time.<ref name="Notifications">{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |title=Notifications |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |access-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114065737/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Larger icons and multiple font sizes and colors are also introduced with Aero's notification windows. === Font === [[File:Segoe UI Revision Differences.png|thumb|[[Segoe UI]] font in [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] (top); [[Windows 8]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], and [[Windows 11]] (bottom)|alt=]] The [[Segoe UI]] [[Computer font|typeface]] is the default font for Aero with languages that use [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], and [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] character sets. The default font size is also increased from 8pt to 9pt to improve readability. In the Segoe UI typeface prior to Windows 8, the numeral zero ("0") is narrow, while capital letter "O" is wider (Windows 8's Segoe UI keeps this difference), and numeral one ("1") has a top hook, while capital letter "I" has equal crown and base (Windows 8's "1" has no base, and the "I" does not have a crown or base). === Icons === Aero's base icons were designed by [[The Iconfactory]], which had previously designed [[Windows XP]] icons.<ref name="Windows Vista icons">{{cite web | url=http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | title=Design: Windows Vista | publisher=[[The Iconfactory]] | work=iconfactory.com | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=May 27, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527215855/http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | url-status=live }}</ref> === Phrasing tone === The Vista User Experience Guidelines also address the issue of "tone" in the writing of text used with the Aero user interface. Prior design guidelines from Microsoft had not done much to address the issue of how user interface text is phrased, and as such, the way that information and requests are presented to the user had not been consistent between parts of the operating system. The guidelines for Vista and its applications suggest messages that present technically accurate advice concisely, objectively, and positively, and assume an intelligent user motivated to solve a particular problem. Specific advice includes the use of the [[grammatical person|second person]] and the [[grammatical voice|active voice]] (e.g. "Print the photos on your camera") and avoidance of words like "please", "sorry" and "thank you".<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2021 |title=Style and Tone - Win32 apps |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |access-date=January 9, 2023 |work=Windows App Development |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=January 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110023357/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |url-status=live }}</ref> == History == === Windows Vista === The Aero interface was unveiled for Windows Vista as a complete redesign of the Windows interface, replacing [[Windows XP]]'s "[[Luna (theme)|Luna]]" theme. Until the release of Windows Vista Beta 1 in July 2005, little had been shown of Aero in public or leaked builds, with alpha builds containing interim designs such as "Plex".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbidden Windows: An Early Look At Longhorn Alpha - ExtremeTech |url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.extremetech.com |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225503/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |url-status=live }}</ref> Windows Aero incorporated the following features in Windows Vista. * '''Windows Aero theme''': The main component of Aero, it is the successor of Windows XP's "Luna" and changes the look and feel of [[graphical control element (software)|graphical control elements]], including but not limited to [[Button (computing)|buttons]], [[checkbox]]es, [[radio button]]s, [[Menu (computing)|menus]], [[progress bar]]s and default Windows [[computer icon|icons]]. Even message boxes are changed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Message boxes differ in Windows Vista and in Windows XP, although you use the same code to generate the message boxes |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=Support |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172554/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''Windows Flip improvements''': Windows Flip (''Alt+Tab'') in Windows Vista now shows a live preview of each open window instead of the application icons.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Windows Aero? |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=October 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012172434/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''Windows Flip 3D''': Windows Flip 3D (''Windows key+Tab'') renders live images of open windows, allowing one to switch between them while displaying them in a three-dimensional view.<ref>{{cite web |title=Using Windows Flip 3D |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114140055/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |archive-date=January 14, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> * '''Taskbar live thumbnails''' – Hovering over the taskbar button of a window displays a preview of that window in the taskbar. * '''[[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM)''' – Due to the significant impact of the new changes on hardware and performance, Desktop Window Manager was introduced to achieve [[hardware acceleration]], transferring the duty of UI rendering from CPU to graphic subsystem. DWM in Windows Vista required compatible hardware. * '''Task Dialogs''': [[Dialog box]]es meant to help communicate with the user and receive simple user input. Task Dialogs are more complex than traditional message boxes that only bear a message and a set of command buttons. Task Dialogs may have expandable sections, hyperlinks, checkboxes, progress bars and graphical elements.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Task Dialogs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=[[MSDN]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204603/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> === Windows 7 === Windows Aero is revised in Windows 7, with many UI changes, such as a more touch friendly interface, and many new visual effects and features including [[pointing device gesture]]s: [[File:Aero Peek.png|thumb|Aero Peek showing the Windows 7 desktop when the mouse is pointed on the "show desktop" button on taskbar|alt=]] * '''Aero Peek''': Hovering over a taskbar thumbnail shows a preview of the entire window. Aero Peek is also available through the "Show desktop" button at the right end of the taskbar, which makes all open windows transparent for a quick view of the desktop. A similar feature was patented during Windows Vista development.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zheng |first=Long |date=November 30, 2008 |title=From Microsoft patent to Windows reality: "X-ray browsing", circa 2005; Aero Peek, circa 2008. |url=http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=iStartedSomething.com |publisher=iStartedSomething |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070945/http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''Aero Shake''': Quickly dragging a window back and forth minimizes all other windows. Shaking it again restores them. * '''Aero Snap''': Dragging a window to the right or left side of the desktop causes the window to fill the respective half of the screen. Snapping a window to the top of the screen maximizes it. Windows can be resized by stretching them to touch the top or bottom of the screen, which fully increases their vertical screen estate, while retaining their width, these windows can then slide horizontally if moved by the title bar, or pulled off, which returns the window to its original height. * Touchscreen gestures and support for high [[Dots per inch|DPI]] on displays were added.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Townsend |first1=Reed |last2=Matthews |first2=Dave |last3=LeGrow |first3=Ian |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Touching Windows 7 |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |access-date=November 30, 2008 |work=Engineering Windows 7 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102411/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> * Title bars of maximized windows remain transparent instead of becoming opaque. * The outline of non-maximized windows is completely white, rather than having a cyan outline on the right side and bottom. * The window color is now affected by a multiplication blending mode. While the amount of blending cannot be adjusted by the user manually through normal means, the amount of color multiplication is adjusted in conjunction when adjusting color intensity. The higher the color intensity, the lower amount of color multiplication and vice versa. This also results in window colors that are not as vivid at lower intensities on darker backgrounds as they would be in Windows Vista. * The taskbar was redesigned to automatically group windows by application, and only show their icon by default. When hovering over the taskbar button of an open program, the button glows the dominant RGB color of its icon, with the effect following the mouse cursor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx |title=What's new in Windows 7: Faster & easier |website=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226055026/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref> * Progress indicators are present in taskbar buttons. For example, downloading a file in a web browser can cause the button to fill with color as the operation progresses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiriaty |first1=Yochay |last2=Goldshtein |first2=Sasha |date=July 2009 |title=Introducing The Taskbar APIs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |access-date=November 10, 2013 |work=[[MSDN Magazine]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627203234/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> === In later versions of Windows === Some of the features introduced in Aero remain in modified forms in later versions of Windows. * [[Windows 8]] ** While pre-release versions of Windows 8 used an updated version of Windows Aero with a flatter, squared look, the Glass theme was replaced prior to release by a new [[flat design]] theme based on [[Metro design language]].<ref name="windows8-verge">{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Andrew |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Microsoft reveals Windows 8 desktop UI changes, drops Windows Aero |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |access-date=June 12, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506183443/https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass">{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Jensen |date=May 19, 2012 |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Creating the Windows 8 user experience |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |access-date=May 21, 2012 |work=Building Windows 8 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912033359/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Transparency effects were removed from the interface, aside from the taskbar, which maintained transparency but no longer has a blur effect.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 19, 2012 |title=RIP Aero Glass; Windows 8 Sticks a Fork in Familiar UI |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |access-date=May 20, 2012 |magazine=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |archive-date=May 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522020726/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass" /> ** Flip 3D is removed; {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} was changed to switch between the desktop and [[Metro-style apps|Windows Store apps]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piltch |first=Avram |date=2012-08-22 |title=How to Switch Tasks Faster in Windows 8 |url=https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=LaptopMag |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230012/https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Windows 10]] ** The OS initially maintained an updated version of Metro, but began to increasingly reinstate detailed lighting effects (including those that follow the cursor) and Aero glass-like transparency via its migration to [[Fluent Design System]] as a successor to Metro.<ref name="ars-fluentdesign">{{cite web |date=11 May 2017 |title=New Windows look and feel, Neon, is officially the "Microsoft Fluent Design System" |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=11 May 2017 |archive-date=May 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511154503/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[Virtual desktop]]s have been added via "[[Task View]]". This takes over the {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} keyboard shortcut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Manage Virtual Desktops in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230008/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> ** Window snapping has been extended to allow applications to be snapped to quadrants of the screen. When a window is snapped to half of the screen, the user is prompted to select a second window to occupy the other half of the screen.<ref name="tomsguide-unveiled">{{cite web |last=Andronico |first=Michael |date=September 30, 2014 |title=Microsoft Unveils Windows 10 with New Start Menu |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |access-date=May 14, 2019 |website=Tom's Guide |archive-date=April 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203343/https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ** Aero Shake is now referred to as "Title bar window shake".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Windows 11 comes with big multitasking improvements. Here's what's new. |url=https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Windows Central |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225504/https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keep It Tidy: How to Use Snap Layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225500/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Windows 11]] ** Predefined "snap layouts" can be activated by hovering over the maximize/restore button on a titlebar. Sets of windows formed using snap layouts ("snap groups") can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last=Salter |first=Jim |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |access-date=June 25, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krasnoff |first=Barbara |date=2021-10-05 |title=How to use snap layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109193948/https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> ** Some window title bars are now transparent and blurred using the Mica material new to Windows 11. The Mica material only uses the user's desktop background and blurs it as the texture of some title bars, rather than a real-time blurring effect.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=July 29, 2023 |title=Mica material |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |website=Microsoft Learn |date=May 17, 2023 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118205237/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |url-status=live }}</ref> == Legacy == [[File:Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Frutiger Aero images have themes associated with nature, water, glass, and air.]] === Frutiger Aero === Retrospectively, a [[design style]] and [[Internet aesthetic]] and [[User interface|UI/UX]] design trend based on Windows Aero called '''Frutiger Aero''' has been identified, which was popular from roughly 2004 to 2013.<ref name="Dazeddigital">{{cite web |last1=Holliday |first1=Laura |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |website=Dazed |date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511211248/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bramley |first=Ellie Violet |date=2023-12-14 |title=Frutiger Aero: the Windows screen saver design trend taking TikTok by storm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |access-date=2024-01-31 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131210953/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |url-status=live }}</ref> Frutiger Aero is characterized by modern and organic themes associated with nature, glass, water and air.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? {{!}} Dazed |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142213/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |archive-date=2023-02-04 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=dazeddigital}}</ref> Common features of Frutiger Aero include shiny and glossy textures, CGI renders of scenes with nature and technology together, grass, transparency, sparkles, bubbles, nature symbolism, a [[tertiary color]] palette, [[bokeh]] photography, and elements of [[skeuomorph]]ic design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute |url=https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116035850/https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |archive-date=2023-01-16 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=cari.institute}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic {{!}} US Mobile |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173055/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=usmobile.com}}</ref><ref name="Dazeddigital" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cortés |first1=Michelle Santiago |title=What Frutiger Aero teaches us about niche internet aesthetics |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |website=i-D |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409013120/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cinko |first1=Anthony |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic - US Mobile blog |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |website=Prepaid GSM Carrier News |date=December 17, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401232946/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some people{{Who|date=March 2024}} would describe the [[Internet aesthetic]] as "a cold glass of water", or "The future that was stolen from us".{{Cn|date=March 2024}} The term ''Frutiger Aero'' was coined by Sofi Lee in 2017, as a combination of Aero and the [[Frutiger (typeface)|Frutiger]] typeface,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ecoloma |date=2023-06-07 |title=Let's all welcome back the Frutiger Aero aesthetic, to give us a whiplash of good nostalgia in these trying times |url=https://pop.inquirer.net/345716/lets-all-welcome-back-the-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-to-give-us-a-whiplash-of-good-nostalgia-in-these-trying-times |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=POP! |language=en-US |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031160752/https://pop.inquirer.net/345716/lets-all-welcome-back-the-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-to-give-us-a-whiplash-of-good-nostalgia-in-these-trying-times |url-status=live }}</ref> which was popular with Windows Aero and other computer interfaces and corporate materials of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unveiling the Mystery: Exploring the Fascinating World of Frutiger Aero |url=https://www.reeditionmagazine.com/to-the-minute/unveiling-the-mystery-exploring-the-fascinating-world-of-frutiger-aero |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=www.reeditionmagazine.com |archive-date=May 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507102356/https://www.reeditionmagazine.com/to-the-minute/unveiling-the-mystery-exploring-the-fascinating-world-of-frutiger-aero |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cortés |first=Michelle Santiago |date=January 30, 2023 |title=What Frutiger Aero teaches us about niche internet aesthetics |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130133430/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |access-date=March 17, 2023 |website=[[i-D]] |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref> ==== History ==== [[File:Plasma Workspaces.png|thumb|Use of Frutiger Aero in UI ([[KDE Plasma 4]])]] In the 2000s, Frutiger Aero came as a necessity for tech companies to make new technologies accessible to as many people, using familiar, [[skeuomorph]]ic and [[Humanism|humanist]] designs.<ref name=":1" /> This change came after the futuristic "Y2K" interface that was primarily used on Windows operating systems in the early to late 1990s.<ref name=":2" /> Between 2012 and 2014, user interfaces on desktops, mobile devices, and websites underwent a cardinal shift towards [[flat design]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Burmistrov |first1=Ivan |title=Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015 |last2=Zlokazova |first2=Tatiana |last3=Izmalkova |first3=Anna |last4=Leonova |first4=Anna |date=2015 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-22668-2 |editor-last=Abascal |editor-first=Julio |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=9297 |location=Cham |pages=106–114 |language=en |chapter=Flat Design vs Traditional Design: Comparative Experimental Study |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |editor2-last=Barbosa |editor2-first=Simone |editor3-last=Fetter |editor3-first=Mirko |editor4-last=Gross |editor4-first=Tom |editor5-last=Palanque |editor5-first=Philippe |editor6-last=Winckler |editor6-first=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |s2cid=4377915 |access-date=September 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004181233/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |url-status=live }}</ref> This shift coincided with the decline of Frutiger Aero and Windows Aero. Later in the early 2020s, Frutiger Aero has known a [[Nostalgia|nostalgic]] revival on [[Reddit]], [[YouTube]], [[Instagram]] as well as [[TikTok]] where the [[hashtag]] ''#frutigeraero'' was used over 30 million times.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == See also == * [[Aqua (user interface)]] * [[Compiz]] * [[Compositing window manager]] * [[Desktop Window Manager]] * [[Development of Windows 7]] * [[Development of Windows Vista]] * [[Features new to Windows 7]] * [[Features new to Windows Vista]] * [[Kwin]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == External links == * [https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/2783.windows-7-aero-peek-feature.aspx Windows 7 Aero Peek Feature] * [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/guidelines Microsoft Docs - Win32 Apps UX Guidelines] {{Windows Components}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aero}} [[Category:2006 software]] [[Category:3D GUIs]] [[Category:Design language]] [[Category:Graphical user interfaces]] [[Category:Windows components]] [[Category:Windows Vista]] [[Category:Windows 7]] [[Category:Internet memes introduced in 2017]]'