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{{short description|Delusion regarding mind manipulation by electronic means}}
{{About|purported harassment and torture with covert [[Directed-energy weapon|energy weapons]]|the harming or harassing via the [[World Wide Web]] or similar |Cyberbullying|and|Cyberstalking}}
'''Electronic harassment''', '''electromagnetic torture''', or '''psychotronic torture''' is the delusional belief that malicious actors (often government agents or crime rings) make use of [[electromagnetic radiation]] (such as the [[microwave auditory effect]]), radar, and surveillance techniques to [[Thought insertion|transmit sounds and thoughts into people's heads]], affect people's bodies, and harass people.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112>{{cite news | title=Sharing Their Demons on the Web | last = Kershaw | first=Sarah | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date = November 12, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/fashion/13psych.html}}</ref> Individuals who claim to experience this call themselves "'''targeted individuals'''" ('''TIs'''). Some claim they are victims of [[gang stalking]] and many have created or joined support and advocacy groups.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian A. Sharpless|title=Unusual and Rare Psychological Disorders: A Handbook for Clinical Practice and Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgc1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|date=15 November 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-024586-3|pages=40–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html "Mind Games"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', January 14, 2007</ref>
Multiple medical professionals have concluded that these experiences are [[hallucination]]s, the result of [[delusional disorder]]s, or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114 /><ref name=nyt20081112 /><ref name=kmir20150212/><ref name="PsychologyToday"/>
== Experiences ==
The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.<ref name="NYT3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/mind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals/|title=Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'|last=Yan|first=Laura|date=2018-03-04|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-21|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
Psychologist Lorraine Sheridan co-authored a study of gang-stalking in the ''[[Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology]]''. According to Sheridan, "One has to think of the T.I. phenomenon in terms of people with paranoid symptoms who have hit upon the gang-stalking idea as an explanation of what is happening to them".<ref name="NYT3">{{cite news|last1=McPhate|first1=Mike|title=United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html|work=The New York Times|date=10 June 2016|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> Mental health professionals say that T.I.s can experience [[hallucination]]s and their explanations of being targeted or harassed arise from [[delusional disorder]]s or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html |title=Mind Games |last=Weinberger|first=Sharon |date=January 14, 2007 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="PsychologyToday">{{cite web|last1=Aboujaoude|first1=Elias|title=Psychotic Websites. Does the Internet encourage psychotic thinking?|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compulsive-acts/200907/psychotic-websites|website=Psychology Today|publisher=Sussex Publishers, LLC, HealthProfs.com|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dietrich">{{cite thesis|last1=Dietrich|first1=Elizabeth E|title=Gang stalking : internet connectivity as an emerging mental health concern|url=http://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/702/|type=Master's thesis |date=January 2015|publisher=Smith College |access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=kmir20150212>{{citation |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150829083519/http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |url=http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |title=Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind |last=Monroe|first=Angela |publisher=KMIR News|date=13 November 2012 |archive-date=2015-08-29 |access-date=2016-03-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aldax">{{cite web|last1=Aldax|first1=Mike|title=Space weapons resolution 'embarrassed' city and negatively impacted mentally ill, vice mayor says|url=http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|website=Richmond Standard|publisher=Chevron Richmond|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621182040/http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|archive-date=21 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yale psychiatry professor Ralph Hoffman states that people often ascribe voices in their heads to external sources such as government harassment, God, or dead relatives, and it can be difficult to persuade these individuals that their belief in an external influence is delusional.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Other experts compare these stories to accounts of [[alien abduction]]s.<ref name=nyt20081112 />
Press accounts have documented individuals who apparently believed they were victims of electronic harassment, and in some cases persuaded courts to agree. In 2008, James Walbert went to court claiming that his former business associate had threatened him with "jolts of radiation" after a disagreement, and later claimed feeling symptoms such as electric shock sensations and hearing strange sounds in his ears. The court decided to issue an order banning "electronic means" to further harass Walbert.<ref>[https://www.wired.com/2009/07/court-to-defendant-stop-blasting-that-mans-mind/ Court to Defendant: Stop Blasting That Man's Mind! Wired magazine BY DAVID HAMBLING July 1, 2009]</ref>
=== Notable crimes ===
Various people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have committed crimes; among those crimes are [[mass shooting]]s.
Fuaed Abdo Ahmed, a 20-year-old man, [[Tensas State Bank hostage crisis|held a man and two women hostage]] at the Tensas State Bank in St. Joseph, Louisiana on August 13, 2013, eventually killing two of the hostages and himself. A subsequent police investigation officially concluded that Ahmed had paranoid schizophrenia and was hearing voices. Ahmed had accused the family of his ex-girlfriend of implanting a "microphone device" of some kind in his head.<ref name=policereport>{{cite news|url=http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|title=Jim Mustian, Man who killed hostages in north Louisiana bank had mental illness, March 12|newspaper=[[The Advocate (Baton Rouge)|Baton Rouge Morning Advocate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313181529/http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|archive-date=March 13, 2014}}</ref>
On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis [[Washington Navy Yard shooting|fatally shot twelve people and injured three others]] in the [[Washington Navy Yard]] using a shotgun on which he had written "my ELF weapon", before being killed by responding police officers.<ref name=lowfrequency>Greg Botelho and Joe Sterling (September 26, 2013). [http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/washington-navy-yard-investigation/?hpt=us_c2 FBI: Navy Yard shooter 'delusional,' said 'low frequency attacks' drove him to kill]. [[CNN]] Retrieved: 26 September 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-24120854 |title=Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis |last1=BBC News |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=September 25, 2013|author1-link=BBC News }}</ref><ref name="Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/18/navy-yard-shooter-called-insider-threat/6558373/|title=Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported|author=Tom Vanden Brook |newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=March 18, 2014|access-date=October 19, 2014}}</ref> The [[FBI]] concluded that Alexis had "delusional beliefs". These beliefs included that he was being "controlled or influenced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves."<ref>{{cite web | last=McDonald | first=Ian | title=FBI: Navy Yard Shooter 'Delusional,' said 'Low Frequency Attacks' Drove Him to Kill | website=FOX40 | date=2013-09-26 | url=http://fox40.com/2013/09/26/fbi-navy-yard-shooter-delusional-said-low-frequency-attacks-drove-him-to-kill/ | access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref>
On November 20, 2014, [[Myron May]] shot and injured three people on the campus of [[Florida State University]] and was killed by responding police officers. Before the event, he had become increasingly anxious that he was under government surveillance and heard voices.<ref name=WaPo20Nov2014>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/11/20/fsu-gunman-remembered-as-hard-worker-kindest-sweetest-person-by-baffled-friends-acquaintances/ |title=FSU gunman was in 'state of crisis' during shooting, investigators say | last1 = Holley | first1=Peter |last2=Larimer |first2=Sarah |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date = November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/us/florida-state-university-shooting.html |title=Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched |last1=Southall |first1=Ashley |last2=Williams |first2=Timothy |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fsu-gunman-voices-shooting-20141121-story.html |title=FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous |last1=Queally |first1=James |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 21, 2014}}</ref>
Gavin Eugene Long, who [[2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers|killed three police officers and injured three others]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], on July 17, 2016, was a believer in numerous anti-government movements and conspiracy theories, but he was most notably a member of a group dedicated to helping people with "remote brain experimentation, remote neural monitoring of an entire human's body."<ref name=CNN.Killer>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Berlinger |title=Gavin Long: Who is Baton Rouge cop killer? |date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2016 |website=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/who-is-gavin-long/}}</ref>
Matthew Choi, a 30-year-old [[South Africa]]n, who claimed himself under a [[V2K#Conspiracy_theories|V2K]] electronic harassment and made remarks about "being brainwashed through microwave" since 2015, murdered a taxi driver in [[Hong Kong]] on October 12, 2021. The case arose mass attention in the city, and the police described him as "extremely dangerous".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong police on the lookout for man who killed taxi driver on Tuesday morning
|date=October 12, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3152165/hong-kong-police-lookout-man-who-killed-taxi-driver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manhunt for cabbie killer continues as police provide more info
|date=October 13, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/181497/Manhunt-for-cabbie-killer-continues-as-police-provide-more-info}}</ref>
== Conspiracy theories ==
Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a [[DARPA]] research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the [[Moscow Signal]] incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was [[eavesdropping]] and [[radio jamming|electronic jamming]] rather than mind control.<ref name=WaPo20070114/> Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.<ref name="Weinberger2017">{{cite book|author=Sharon Weinberger|title=The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ZxDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|date=14 March 2017|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-35180-5|pages=195–}}</ref> Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.<ref name=WaPo20070114/>
In 1987, a U.S. [[National Academy of Sciences]] report commissioned by the [[United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine|Army Research Institute]] noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for [[Legionnaire's disease]] and the sinking of the [[USS Thresher (SSN-593)|USS ''Thresher'']] among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."<ref name="Frazier">{{cite book|author=Kendrick Frazier|title=The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ1v3bggyr8C&pg=PA153|access-date=4 May 2013|publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers|isbn=978-1-61592-401-1|pages=153–|year=1991}}</ref>
Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<ref name="autofilled2004">{{cite book|author=Leigh Armistead autofilled|title=Information Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197|access-date=30 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-355-7|pages=197–}}</ref><ref name=Parameters>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/Articles/98spring/thomas.htm The Mind Has No Firewall], [[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]], Spring 1998, pp. 84-92</ref> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<ref name=Parameters /> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the [[Federal Security Service]] during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a [[State Duma]] committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<ref>{{cite news| title=Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons | first=Owen|last=Matthews |work=The Moscow Times | date=July 11, 1995 |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/report-soviets-used-top-secret-psychotronic-weapons/337288.html|access-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>
In 2012, Russian Defense Minister [[Anatoly Serdyukov]] and Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] commented on plans to draft proposals for the development of psychotronic weapons.<ref name=NBC20130430>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=Reality check on Russia's 'zombie ray gun' program|url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/06/11061093-reality-check-on-russias-zombie-ray-gun-program?lite|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=NBC News|date=April 2012}}</ref> [[NBC News]] Science Editor Alan Boyle dismissed notions that such weapons actually existed, saying, "there's nothing in the comments from Putin and Serdyukov to suggest that the Russians are anywhere close to having psychotronic weapons."<ref name=NBC20130430 />
Mike Beck, a former NSA spy, believes his [[Parkinson's disease]] was caused by electronic harassment.<ref name="Shapira2017">{{cite news |last1=Shapira |first1=Ian |title=Was a spy's Parkinson's disease caused by a secret microwave weapon attack? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/was-a-spys-parkinsons-disease-caused-by-a-secret-microwave-weapon-attack/2017/11/26/d5d530e0-c3f5-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html |access-date=7 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, the [[NSA]] gave Beck's attorney [[Mark Zaid]] a statement which said the agency had received "intelligence information from 2012 associating the hostile country to which Mr. Beck traveled in the late 1990s with a high-powered microwave system weapon", but added that "The National Security Agency has no evidence that such a weapon, if it existed and if it was associated with the hostile country in the late 1990s, was or was not used against Mr. Beck".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/legal-financial-fights-mount-havana-syndrome-goes-unsolved-n1286399|title=Legal, financial fights mount as 'Havana Syndrome' goes unsolved|date=22 December 2021|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/01/science/sonic-attack-cuba-microwave.html|title=Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers|last=Broad|first=William J.|date=2018-09-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-06|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> NSA general counsel Glenn Gerstell told ''The Washington Post'' that "the agency has not found any proof that Beck or his co-worker were attacked".<ref name=Shapira2017 />
== Support and advocacy communities ==
There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. Palm Springs psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites,<ref name=kmir20150212/> and psychologists agree that such sites negatively reinforce mental troubles, while some say that the sharing and acceptance of a common delusion could function as a form of group cognitive therapy.<ref name=nyt20081112/>
According to psychologist Sheridan, the amount of content online about electronic harassment that suggests it is a fact without any debate on the subject, creates a harmful, ideological, platform for such behavior.<ref name="NYT3" />
As part of a 2006 British study by [[Vaughan Bell]], independent psychiatrists determined "signs of psychosis are strongly present" based on evaluation of a sample of online mind-control accounts whose posters were "very likely to be schizophrenic."<ref name="PsychologyToday" /> Psychologists have identified many examples of people reporting "mind control experiences" (MCEs) on self-published web pages that are "highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs." Common themes include "bad guys" using "psychotronics" and "microwaves," frequent mention of the CIA's [[MKULTRA]] project and frequent citing of a scientific paper entitled "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy."<ref name="Psychopathology">{{cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=Vaughan|last2=Maiden|first2=Carla|last3=Muñoz-Solomando|first3=Antonio|last4=Reddy|first4=Venu|title='Mind control' experiences on the internet: implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of delusions.|journal=Psychopathology|volume=39|issue=2|pages=87–91|publisher=Psychopathology, 39(2), 87-91|citeseerx=10.1.1.99.9838|pmid=16391510|year=2006|doi=10.1159/000090598|s2cid=6362668}}</ref>
Some people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have organized and campaigned to stop the use of alleged psychotronic and other mind control weapons.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> These campaigns have received some support from public figures, including former U.S. Congressman [[Dennis Kucinich]], who included a provision banning "psychotronic weapons" in a 2001 bill that was later dropped,<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> and former Missouri State Representative [[Jim Guest]].<ref name=nyt20081112 />
== See also ==
* "[[Air Loom]]"
* ''[[Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura]]''
* [[Directed-energy weapon]]
* [[Electronic warfare]]
* [[Havana syndrome]]
* [[Tin foil hat]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* Eric Tucker, 18 September 2013. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/18/aaron-alexis-microwave-machine_n_3946916.html Aaron Alexis, Navy Yard Shooting Suspect, Thought People Followed Him With Microwave Machine], ''The Huffington Post''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-24120854 Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis], BBC News, 25 September 2013
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fsu-shooter-myron-may-left-message-i-do-not-want-n253436 FSU Shooter Myron May Left Message: 'I Do Not Want to Die in vain'], Tracy Connor, NBC News, 21 November 2014
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html "United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers"], The New York Times, 10 June 2016
{{Conspiracy theories}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Electronic Harassment}}
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Harassment and bullying]]
[[Category:Mind control]]
[[Category:Paranoia]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '== Experiences ==
The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.<ref name="NYT3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/mind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals/|title=Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'|last=Yan|first=Laura|date=2018-03-04|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-21|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
Psychologist Lorraine Sheridan co-authored a study of gang-stalking in the ''[[Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology]]''. According to Sheridan, "One has to think of the T.I. phenomenon in terms of people with paranoid symptoms who have hit upon the gang-stalking idea as an explanation of what is happening to them".<ref name="NYT3">{{cite news|last1=McPhate|first1=Mike|title=United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html|work=The New York Times|date=10 June 2016|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> Mental health professionals say that T.I.s can experience [[hallucination]]s and their explanations of being targeted or harassed arise from [[delusional disorder]]s or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html |title=Mind Games |last=Weinberger|first=Sharon |date=January 14, 2007 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="PsychologyToday">{{cite web|last1=Aboujaoude|first1=Elias|title=Psychotic Websites. Does the Internet encourage psychotic thinking?|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compulsive-acts/200907/psychotic-websites|website=Psychology Today|publisher=Sussex Publishers, LLC, HealthProfs.com|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dietrich">{{cite thesis|last1=Dietrich|first1=Elizabeth E|title=Gang stalking : internet connectivity as an emerging mental health concern|url=http://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/702/|type=Master's thesis |date=January 2015|publisher=Smith College |access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=kmir20150212>{{citation |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150829083519/http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |url=http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |title=Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind |last=Monroe|first=Angela |publisher=KMIR News|date=13 November 2012 |archive-date=2015-08-29 |access-date=2016-03-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aldax">{{cite web|last1=Aldax|first1=Mike|title=Space weapons resolution 'embarrassed' city and negatively impacted mentally ill, vice mayor says|url=http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|website=Richmond Standard|publisher=Chevron Richmond|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621182040/http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|archive-date=21 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yale psychiatry professor Ralph Hoffman states that people often ascribe voices in their heads to external sources such as government harassment, God, or dead relatives, and it can be difficult to persuade these individuals that their belief in an external influence is delusional.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Other experts compare these stories to accounts of [[alien abduction]]s.<ref name=nyt20081112 />
Press accounts have documented individuals who apparently believed they were victims of electronic harassment, and in some cases persuaded courts to agree. In 2008, James Walbert went to court claiming that his former business associate had threatened him with "jolts of radiation" after a disagreement, and later claimed feeling symptoms such as electric shock sensations and hearing strange sounds in his ears. The court decided to issue an order banning "electronic means" to further harass Walbert.<ref>[https://www.wired.com/2009/07/court-to-defendant-stop-blasting-that-mans-mind/ Court to Defendant: Stop Blasting That Man's Mind! Wired magazine BY DAVID HAMBLING July 1, 2009]</ref>
=== Notable crimes ===
Various people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have committed crimes; among those crimes are [[mass shooting]]s.
Fuaed Abdo Ahmed, a 20-year-old man, [[Tensas State Bank hostage crisis|held a man and two women hostage]] at the Tensas State Bank in St. Joseph, Louisiana on August 13, 2013, eventually killing two of the hostages and himself. A subsequent police investigation officially concluded that Ahmed had paranoid schizophrenia and was hearing voices. Ahmed had accused the family of his ex-girlfriend of implanting a "microphone device" of some kind in his head.<ref name=policereport>{{cite news|url=http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|title=Jim Mustian, Man who killed hostages in north Louisiana bank had mental illness, March 12|newspaper=[[The Advocate (Baton Rouge)|Baton Rouge Morning Advocate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313181529/http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|archive-date=March 13, 2014}}</ref>
On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis [[Washington Navy Yard shooting|fatally shot twelve people and injured three others]] in the [[Washington Navy Yard]] using a shotgun on which he had written "my ELF weapon", before being killed by responding police officers.<ref name=lowfrequency>Greg Botelho and Joe Sterling (September 26, 2013). [http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/washington-navy-yard-investigation/?hpt=us_c2 FBI: Navy Yard shooter 'delusional,' said 'low frequency attacks' drove him to kill]. [[CNN]] Retrieved: 26 September 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-24120854 |title=Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis |last1=BBC News |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=September 25, 2013|author1-link=BBC News }}</ref><ref name="Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/18/navy-yard-shooter-called-insider-threat/6558373/|title=Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported|author=Tom Vanden Brook |newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=March 18, 2014|access-date=October 19, 2014}}</ref> The [[FBI]] concluded that Alexis had "delusional beliefs". These beliefs included that he was being "controlled or influenced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves."<ref>{{cite web | last=McDonald | first=Ian | title=FBI: Navy Yard Shooter 'Delusional,' said 'Low Frequency Attacks' Drove Him to Kill | website=FOX40 | date=2013-09-26 | url=http://fox40.com/2013/09/26/fbi-navy-yard-shooter-delusional-said-low-frequency-attacks-drove-him-to-kill/ | access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref>
On November 20, 2014, [[Myron May]] shot and injured three people on the campus of [[Florida State University]] and was killed by responding police officers. Before the event, he had become increasingly anxious that he was under government surveillance and heard voices.<ref name=WaPo20Nov2014>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/11/20/fsu-gunman-remembered-as-hard-worker-kindest-sweetest-person-by-baffled-friends-acquaintances/ |title=FSU gunman was in 'state of crisis' during shooting, investigators say | last1 = Holley | first1=Peter |last2=Larimer |first2=Sarah |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date = November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/us/florida-state-university-shooting.html |title=Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched |last1=Southall |first1=Ashley |last2=Williams |first2=Timothy |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fsu-gunman-voices-shooting-20141121-story.html |title=FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous |last1=Queally |first1=James |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 21, 2014}}</ref>
Gavin Eugene Long, who [[2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers|killed three police officers and injured three others]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], on July 17, 2016, was a believer in numerous anti-government movements and conspiracy theories, but he was most notably a member of a group dedicated to helping people with "remote brain experimentation, remote neural monitoring of an entire human's body."<ref name=CNN.Killer>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Berlinger |title=Gavin Long: Who is Baton Rouge cop killer? |date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2016 |website=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/who-is-gavin-long/}}</ref>
Matthew Choi, a 30-year-old [[South Africa]]n, who claimed himself under a [[V2K#Conspiracy_theories|V2K]] electronic harassment and made remarks about "being brainwashed through microwave" since 2015, murdered a taxi driver in [[Hong Kong]] on October 12, 2021. The case arose mass attention in the city, and the police described him as "extremely dangerous".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong police on the lookout for man who killed taxi driver on Tuesday morning
|date=October 12, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3152165/hong-kong-police-lookout-man-who-killed-taxi-driver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manhunt for cabbie killer continues as police provide more info
|date=October 13, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/181497/Manhunt-for-cabbie-killer-continues-as-police-provide-more-info}}</ref>
== Conspiracy theories ==
Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a [[DARPA]] research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the [[Moscow Signal]] incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was [[eavesdropping]] and [[radio jamming|electronic jamming]] rather than mind control.<ref name=WaPo20070114/> Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.<ref name="Weinberger2017">{{cite book|author=Sharon Weinberger|title=The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ZxDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|date=14 March 2017|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-35180-5|pages=195–}}</ref> Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.<ref name=WaPo20070114/>
In 1987, a U.S. [[National Academy of Sciences]] report commissioned by the [[United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine|Army Research Institute]] noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for [[Legionnaire's disease]] and the sinking of the [[USS Thresher (SSN-593)|USS ''Thresher'']] among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."<ref name="Frazier">{{cite book|author=Kendrick Frazier|title=The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ1v3bggyr8C&pg=PA153|access-date=4 May 2013|publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers|isbn=978-1-61592-401-1|pages=153–|year=1991}}</ref>
Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<ref name="autofilled2004">{{cite book|author=Leigh Armistead autofilled|title=Information Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197|access-date=30 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-355-7|pages=197–}}</ref><ref name=Parameters>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/Articles/98spring/thomas.htm The Mind Has No Firewall], [[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]], Spring 1998, pp. 84-92</ref> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<ref name=Parameters /> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the [[Federal Security Service]] during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a [[State Duma]] committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<ref>{{cite news| title=Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons | first=Owen|last=Matthews |work=The Moscow Times | date=July 11, 1995 |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/report-soviets-used-top-secret-psychotronic-weapons/337288.html|access-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>
In 2012, Russian Defense Minister [[Anatoly Serdyukov]] and Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] commented on plans to draft proposals for the development of psychotronic weapons.<ref name=NBC20130430>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=Reality check on Russia's 'zombie ray gun' program|url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/06/11061093-reality-check-on-russias-zombie-ray-gun-program?lite|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=NBC News|date=April 2012}}</ref> [[NBC News]] Science Editor Alan Boyle dismissed notions that such weapons actually existed, saying, "there's nothing in the comments from Putin and Serdyukov to suggest that the Russians are anywhere close to having psychotronic weapons."<ref name=NBC20130430 />
Mike Beck, a former NSA spy, believes his [[Parkinson's disease]] was caused by electronic harassment.<ref name="Shapira2017">{{cite news |last1=Shapira |first1=Ian |title=Was a spy's Parkinson's disease caused by a secret microwave weapon attack? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/was-a-spys-parkinsons-disease-caused-by-a-secret-microwave-weapon-attack/2017/11/26/d5d530e0-c3f5-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html |access-date=7 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, the [[NSA]] gave Beck's attorney [[Mark Zaid]] a statement which said the agency had received "intelligence information from 2012 associating the hostile country to which Mr. Beck traveled in the late 1990s with a high-powered microwave system weapon", but added that "The National Security Agency has no evidence that such a weapon, if it existed and if it was associated with the hostile country in the late 1990s, was or was not used against Mr. Beck".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/legal-financial-fights-mount-havana-syndrome-goes-unsolved-n1286399|title=Legal, financial fights mount as 'Havana Syndrome' goes unsolved|date=22 December 2021|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/01/science/sonic-attack-cuba-microwave.html|title=Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers|last=Broad|first=William J.|date=2018-09-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-06|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> NSA general counsel Glenn Gerstell told ''The Washington Post'' that "the agency has not found any proof that Beck or his co-worker were attacked".<ref name=Shapira2017 />
== Support and advocacy communities ==
There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. Palm Springs psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites,<ref name=kmir20150212/> and psychologists agree that such sites negatively reinforce mental troubles, while some say that the sharing and acceptance of a common delusion could function as a form of group cognitive therapy.<ref name=nyt20081112/>
According to psychologist Sheridan, the amount of content online about electronic harassment that suggests it is a fact without any debate on the subject, creates a harmful, ideological, platform for such behavior.<ref name="NYT3" />
As part of a 2006 British study by [[Vaughan Bell]], independent psychiatrists determined "signs of psychosis are strongly present" based on evaluation of a sample of online mind-control accounts whose posters were "very likely to be schizophrenic."<ref name="PsychologyToday" /> Psychologists have identified many examples of people reporting "mind control experiences" (MCEs) on self-published web pages that are "highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs." Common themes include "bad guys" using "psychotronics" and "microwaves," frequent mention of the CIA's [[MKULTRA]] project and frequent citing of a scientific paper entitled "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy."<ref name="Psychopathology">{{cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=Vaughan|last2=Maiden|first2=Carla|last3=Muñoz-Solomando|first3=Antonio|last4=Reddy|first4=Venu|title='Mind control' experiences on the internet: implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of delusions.|journal=Psychopathology|volume=39|issue=2|pages=87–91|publisher=Psychopathology, 39(2), 87-91|citeseerx=10.1.1.99.9838|pmid=16391510|year=2006|doi=10.1159/000090598|s2cid=6362668}}</ref>
Some people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have organized and campaigned to stop the use of alleged psychotronic and other mind control weapons.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> These campaigns have received some support from public figures, including former U.S. Congressman [[Dennis Kucinich]], who included a provision banning "psychotronic weapons" in a 2001 bill that was later dropped,<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> and former Missouri State Representative [[Jim Guest]].<ref name=nyt20081112 />
== See also ==
* "[[Air Loom]]"
* ''[[Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura]]''
* [[Directed-energy weapon]]
* [[Electronic warfare]]
* [[Havana syndrome]]
* [[Tin foil hat]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* Eric Tucker, 18 September 2013. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/18/aaron-alexis-microwave-machine_n_3946916.html Aaron Alexis, Navy Yard Shooting Suspect, Thought People Followed Him With Microwave Machine], ''The Huffington Post''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-24120854 Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis], BBC News, 25 September 2013
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fsu-shooter-myron-may-left-message-i-do-not-want-n253436 FSU Shooter Myron May Left Message: 'I Do Not Want to Die in vain'], Tracy Connor, NBC News, 21 November 2014
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html "United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers"], The New York Times, 10 June 2016
{{Conspiracy theories}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Electronic Harassment}}
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Harassment and bullying]]
[[Category:Mind control]]
[[Category:Paranoia]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]' |
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-{{About|purported harassment and torture with covert [[Directed-energy weapon|energy weapons]]|the harming or harassing via the [[World Wide Web]] or similar |Cyberbullying|and|Cyberstalking}}
-'''Electronic harassment''', '''electromagnetic torture''', or '''psychotronic torture''' is the delusional belief that malicious actors (often government agents or crime rings) make use of [[electromagnetic radiation]] (such as the [[microwave auditory effect]]), radar, and surveillance techniques to [[Thought insertion|transmit sounds and thoughts into people's heads]], affect people's bodies, and harass people.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112>{{cite news | title=Sharing Their Demons on the Web | last = Kershaw | first=Sarah | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date = November 12, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/fashion/13psych.html}}</ref> Individuals who claim to experience this call themselves "'''targeted individuals'''" ('''TIs'''). Some claim they are victims of [[gang stalking]] and many have created or joined support and advocacy groups.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian A. Sharpless|title=Unusual and Rare Psychological Disorders: A Handbook for Clinical Practice and Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgc1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|date=15 November 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-024586-3|pages=40–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html "Mind Games"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', January 14, 2007</ref>
-
-Multiple medical professionals have concluded that these experiences are [[hallucination]]s, the result of [[delusional disorder]]s, or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114 /><ref name=nyt20081112 /><ref name=kmir20150212/><ref name="PsychologyToday"/>
-
== Experiences ==
The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.<ref name="NYT3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/mind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals/|title=Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'|last=Yan|first=Laura|date=2018-03-04|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-21|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
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3 => '{{About|purported harassment and torture with covert [[Directed-energy weapon|energy weapons]]|the harming or harassing via the [[World Wide Web]] or similar |Cyberbullying|and|Cyberstalking}}',
4 => ''''Electronic harassment''', '''electromagnetic torture''', or '''psychotronic torture''' is the delusional belief that malicious actors (often government agents or crime rings) make use of [[electromagnetic radiation]] (such as the [[microwave auditory effect]]), radar, and surveillance techniques to [[Thought insertion|transmit sounds and thoughts into people's heads]], affect people's bodies, and harass people.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112>{{cite news | title=Sharing Their Demons on the Web | last = Kershaw | first=Sarah | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date = November 12, 2008 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/fashion/13psych.html}}</ref> Individuals who claim to experience this call themselves "'''targeted individuals'''" ('''TIs'''). Some claim they are victims of [[gang stalking]] and many have created or joined support and advocacy groups.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian A. Sharpless|title=Unusual and Rare Psychological Disorders: A Handbook for Clinical Practice and Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgc1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA40|date=15 November 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-024586-3|pages=40–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html "Mind Games"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', January 14, 2007</ref>',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Experiences"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Experiences</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Notable_crimes"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notable crimes</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Conspiracy_theories"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Conspiracy theories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Support_and_advocacy_communities"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Support and advocacy communities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Experiences">Experiences</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081112-2">[2]</a></sup> They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT3-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>Psychologist Lorraine Sheridan co-authored a study of gang-stalking in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Journal_of_Forensic_Psychiatry_%26_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology">Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology</a></i>. According to Sheridan, "One has to think of the T.I. phenomenon in terms of people with paranoid symptoms who have hit upon the gang-stalking idea as an explanation of what is happening to them".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT3-3">[3]</a></sup> Mental health professionals say that T.I.s can experience <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> and their explanations of being targeted or harassed arise from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delusional_disorder" title="Delusional disorder">delusional disorders</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PsychologyToday_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychologyToday-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dietrich_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dietrich-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kmir20150212_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kmir20150212-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aldax_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldax-8">[8]</a></sup> Yale psychiatry professor Ralph Hoffman states that people often ascribe voices in their heads to external sources such as government harassment, God, or dead relatives, and it can be difficult to persuade these individuals that their belief in an external influence is delusional.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> Other experts compare these stories to accounts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alien_abduction" title="Alien abduction">alien abductions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081112-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>Press accounts have documented individuals who apparently believed they were victims of electronic harassment, and in some cases persuaded courts to agree. In 2008, James Walbert went to court claiming that his former business associate had threatened him with "jolts of radiation" after a disagreement, and later claimed feeling symptoms such as electric shock sensations and hearing strange sounds in his ears. The court decided to issue an order banning "electronic means" to further harass Walbert.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_crimes">Notable crimes</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Various people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have committed crimes; among those crimes are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shootings</a>.
</p><p>Fuaed Abdo Ahmed, a 20-year-old man, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tensas_State_Bank_hostage_crisis" title="Tensas State Bank hostage crisis">held a man and two women hostage</a> at the Tensas State Bank in St. Joseph, Louisiana on August 13, 2013, eventually killing two of the hostages and himself. A subsequent police investigation officially concluded that Ahmed had paranoid schizophrenia and was hearing voices. Ahmed had accused the family of his ex-girlfriend of implanting a "microphone device" of some kind in his head.<sup id="cite_ref-policereport_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-policereport-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard_shooting" title="Washington Navy Yard shooting">fatally shot twelve people and injured three others</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard" title="Washington Navy Yard">Washington Navy Yard</a> using a shotgun on which he had written "my ELF weapon", before being killed by responding police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-lowfrequency_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lowfrequency-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Report:_Concerns_about_Navy_Yard_shooter_never_reported_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report:_Concerns_about_Navy_Yard_shooter_never_reported-13">[13]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> concluded that Alexis had "delusional beliefs". These beliefs included that he was being "controlled or influenced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 20, 2014, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Myron_May" class="mw-redirect" title="Myron May">Myron May</a> shot and injured three people on the campus of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a> and was killed by responding police officers. Before the event, he had become increasingly anxious that he was under government surveillance and heard voices.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20Nov2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20Nov2014-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>Gavin Eugene Long, who <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Baton_Rouge_police_officers" title="2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers">killed three police officers and injured three others</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, on July 17, 2016, was a believer in numerous anti-government movements and conspiracy theories, but he was most notably a member of a group dedicated to helping people with "remote brain experimentation, remote neural monitoring of an entire human's body."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN.Killer_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Killer-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>Matthew Choi, a 30-year-old <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a>, who claimed himself under a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/V2K#Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="V2K">V2K</a> electronic harassment and made remarks about "being brainwashed through microwave" since 2015, murdered a taxi driver in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> on October 12, 2021. The case arose mass attention in the city, and the police described him as "extremely dangerous".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conspiracy_theories">Conspiracy theories</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moscow_Signal" title="Moscow Signal">Moscow Signal</a> incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">eavesdropping</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_jamming" title="Radio jamming">electronic jamming</a> rather than mind control.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinberger2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinberger2017-21">[21]</a></sup> Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1987, a U.S. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> report commissioned by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Institute_of_Environmental_Medicine" title="United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine">Army Research Institute</a> noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legionnaire%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionnaire's disease">Legionnaire's disease</a> and the sinking of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SSN-593)" title="USS Thresher (SSN-593)">USS <i>Thresher</i></a> among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."<sup id="cite_ref-Frazier_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazier-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<sup id="cite_ref-autofilled2004_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autofilled2004-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parameters_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parameters-24">[24]</a></sup> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Parameters_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parameters-24">[24]</a></sup> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a> during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2012, Russian Defense Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatoly_Serdyukov" title="Anatoly Serdyukov">Anatoly Serdyukov</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> commented on plans to draft proposals for the development of psychotronic weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC20130430_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC20130430-26">[26]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> Science Editor Alan Boyle dismissed notions that such weapons actually existed, saying, "there's nothing in the comments from Putin and Serdyukov to suggest that the Russians are anywhere close to having psychotronic weapons."<sup id="cite_ref-NBC20130430_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC20130430-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>Mike Beck, a former NSA spy, believes his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a> was caused by electronic harassment.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapira2017_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapira2017-27">[27]</a></sup> In 2014, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NSA" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA">NSA</a> gave Beck's attorney <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Zaid" title="Mark Zaid">Mark Zaid</a> a statement which said the agency had received "intelligence information from 2012 associating the hostile country to which Mr. Beck traveled in the late 1990s with a high-powered microwave system weapon", but added that "The National Security Agency has no evidence that such a weapon, if it existed and if it was associated with the hostile country in the late 1990s, was or was not used against Mr. Beck".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> NSA general counsel Glenn Gerstell told <i>The Washington Post</i> that "the agency has not found any proof that Beck or his co-worker were attacked".<sup id="cite_ref-Shapira2017_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapira2017-27">[27]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_and_advocacy_communities">Support and advocacy communities</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. Palm Springs psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites,<sup id="cite_ref-kmir20150212_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kmir20150212-7">[7]</a></sup> and psychologists agree that such sites negatively reinforce mental troubles, while some say that the sharing and acceptance of a common delusion could function as a form of group cognitive therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081112-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to psychologist Sheridan, the amount of content online about electronic harassment that suggests it is a fact without any debate on the subject, creates a harmful, ideological, platform for such behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT3-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>As part of a 2006 British study by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaughan_Bell" title="Vaughan Bell">Vaughan Bell</a>, independent psychiatrists determined "signs of psychosis are strongly present" based on evaluation of a sample of online mind-control accounts whose posters were "very likely to be schizophrenic."<sup id="cite_ref-PsychologyToday_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsychologyToday-5">[5]</a></sup> Psychologists have identified many examples of people reporting "mind control experiences" (MCEs) on self-published web pages that are "highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs." Common themes include "bad guys" using "psychotronics" and "microwaves," frequent mention of the CIA's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MKULTRA" class="mw-redirect" title="MKULTRA">MKULTRA</a> project and frequent citing of a scientific paper entitled "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy."<sup id="cite_ref-Psychopathology_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Psychopathology-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have organized and campaigned to stop the use of alleged psychotronic and other mind control weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081112-2">[2]</a></sup> These campaigns have received some support from public figures, including former U.S. Congressman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a>, who included a provision banning "psychotronic weapons" in a 2001 bill that was later dropped,<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo20070114_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20070114-1">[1]</a></sup> and former Missouri State Representative <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Guest" title="Jim Guest">Jim Guest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081112-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_Loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Loom">Air Loom</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_Theory_with_Jesse_Ventura" title="Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura">Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon" title="Directed-energy weapon">Directed-energy weapon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electronic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Havana_syndrome" title="Havana syndrome">Havana syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tin_foil_hat" title="Tin foil hat">Tin foil hat</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-nyt20081112-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20081112_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>nyt20081112</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NYT3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhate2016" class="citation news cs1">McPhate, Mike (10 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html">"United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=United+States+of+Paranoia%3A+They+See+Gangs+of+Stalkers&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.aulast=McPhate&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F11%2Fhealth%2Fgang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFYan2018" class="citation news cs1">Yan, Laura (2018-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/mind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals/">"Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Mind+Games%3A+The+Tortured+Lives+of+%27Targeted+Individuals%27&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fmind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PsychologyToday-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PsychologyToday_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsychologyToday_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAboujaoude" class="citation web cs1">Aboujaoude, Elias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compulsive-acts/200907/psychotic-websites">"Psychotic Websites. Does the Internet encourage psychotic thinking?"</a>. <i>Psychology Today</i>. Sussex Publishers, LLC, HealthProfs.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=Psychotic+Websites.+Does+the+Internet+encourage+psychotic+thinking%3F&rft.aulast=Aboujaoude&rft.aufirst=Elias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Fcompulsive-acts%2F200907%2Fpsychotic-websites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dietrich-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dietrich_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Dietrich, Elizabeth E (January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/702/"><i>Gang stalking : internet connectivity as an emerging mental health concern</i></a> (Master's thesis). Smith College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Gang+stalking+%3A+internet+connectivity+as+an+emerging+mental+health+concern&rft.inst=Smith+College&rft.date=2015-01&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.smith.edu%2Ftheses%2F702%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-kmir20150212-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kmir20150212_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kmir20150212_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMonroe2012" class="citation cs2">Monroe, Angela (13 November 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150829083519/http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html"><i>Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind</i></a>, KMIR News, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html">the original</a> on 2015-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Harassment%3A+Voices+in+My+Mind&rft.pub=KMIR+News&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrippsmedia.com%2Fkmir6%2Fnews%2F179055911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Aldax-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aldax_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAldax" class="citation web cs1">Aldax, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621182040/http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/">"Space weapons resolution 'embarrassed' city and negatively impacted mentally ill, vice mayor says"</a>. <i>Richmond Standard</i>. Chevron Richmond. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/">the original</a> on 21 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Standard&rft.atitle=Space+weapons+resolution+%27embarrassed%27+city+and+negatively+impacted+mentally+ill%2C+vice+mayor+says&rft.aulast=Aldax&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frichmondstandard.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fspace-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2009/07/court-to-defendant-stop-blasting-that-mans-mind/">Court to Defendant: Stop Blasting That Man's Mind! Wired magazine BY DAVID HAMBLING July 1, 2009</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-policereport-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-policereport_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313181529/http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no">"Jim Mustian, Man who killed hostages in north Louisiana bank had mental illness, March 12"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Advocate_(Baton_Rouge)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (Baton Rouge)">Baton Rouge Morning Advocate</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no">the original</a> on March 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baton+Rouge+Morning+Advocate&rft.atitle=Jim+Mustian%2C+Man+who+killed+hostages+in+north+Louisiana+bank+had+mental+illness%2C+March+12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheadvocate.com%2Fhome%2F8612131-125%2Fla-bank-hostages-killer-had-no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-lowfrequency-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lowfrequency_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greg Botelho and Joe Sterling (September 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/washington-navy-yard-investigation/?hpt=us_c2">FBI: Navy Yard shooter 'delusional,' said 'low frequency attacks' drove him to kill</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> Retrieved: 26 September 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (September 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-24120854">"Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Navy+Yard+shooter+Aaron+Alexis&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft.au=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-24120854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Report:_Concerns_about_Navy_Yard_shooter_never_reported-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Report:_Concerns_about_Navy_Yard_shooter_never_reported_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Vanden_Brook2014" class="citation web cs1">Tom Vanden Brook (March 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/18/navy-yard-shooter-called-insider-threat/6558373/">"Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Concerns+about+Navy+Yard+shooter+never+reported&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft.au=Tom+Vanden+Brook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2014%2F03%2F18%2Fnavy-yard-shooter-called-insider-threat%2F6558373%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2013" class="citation web cs1">McDonald, Ian (2013-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fox40.com/2013/09/26/fbi-navy-yard-shooter-delusional-said-low-frequency-attacks-drove-him-to-kill/">"FBI: Navy Yard Shooter 'Delusional,' said 'Low Frequency Attacks' Drove Him to Kill"</a>. <i>FOX40</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FOX40&rft.atitle=FBI%3A+Navy+Yard+Shooter+%27Delusional%2C%27+said+%27Low+Frequency+Attacks%27+Drove+Him+to+Kill&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffox40.com%2F2013%2F09%2F26%2Ffbi-navy-yard-shooter-delusional-said-low-frequency-attacks-drove-him-to-kill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WaPo20Nov2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo20Nov2014_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHolleyLarimer2014" class="citation news cs1">Holley, Peter; Larimer, Sarah (November 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/11/20/fsu-gunman-remembered-as-hard-worker-kindest-sweetest-person-by-baffled-friends-acquaintances/">"FSU gunman was in 'state of crisis' during shooting, investigators say"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=FSU+gunman+was+in+%27state+of+crisis%27+during+shooting%2C+investigators+say&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.aulast=Holley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Larimer%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-nation%2Fwp%2F2014%2F11%2F20%2Ffsu-gunman-remembered-as-hard-worker-kindest-sweetest-person-by-baffled-friends-acquaintances%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSouthallWilliams2014" class="citation news cs1">Southall, Ashley; Williams, Timothy (November 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/us/florida-state-university-shooting.html">"Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunman+at+Florida+State+Spoke+of+Being+Watched&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.aulast=Southall&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Williams%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F21%2Fus%2Fflorida-state-university-shooting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFQueally2014" class="citation news cs1">Queally, James (November 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fsu-gunman-voices-shooting-20141121-story.html">"FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=FSU+gunman+mailed+10+packages+before+shooting%2C+contents+not+dangerous&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft.aulast=Queally&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fnationnow%2Fla-na-nn-fsu-gunman-voices-shooting-20141121-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNN.Killer-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN.Killer_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBerlinger2016" class="citation news cs1">Berlinger, Joshua (July 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/who-is-gavin-long/">"Gavin Long: Who is Baton Rouge cop killer?"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Gavin+Long%3A+Who+is+Baton+Rouge+cop+killer%3F&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Berlinger&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F07%2F18%2Fus%2Fwho-is-gavin-long%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3152165/hong-kong-police-lookout-man-who-killed-taxi-driver">"Hong Kong police on the lookout for man who killed taxi driver on Tuesday morning"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. October 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+police+on+the+lookout+for+man+who+killed+taxi+driver+on+Tuesday+morning&rft.date=2021-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fyp%2Fdiscover%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Farticle%2F3152165%2Fhong-kong-police-lookout-man-who-killed-taxi-driver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/181497/Manhunt-for-cabbie-killer-continues-as-police-provide-more-info">"Manhunt for cabbie killer continues as police provide more info"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">The Standard</a></i>. October 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=Manhunt+for+cabbie+killer+continues+as+police+provide+more+info&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fbreaking-news%2Fsection%2F4%2F181497%2FManhunt-for-cabbie-killer-continues-as-police-provide-more-info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Weinberger2017-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weinberger2017_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSharon_Weinberger2017" class="citation book cs1">Sharon Weinberger (14 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ZxDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA195"><i>The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 195–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-35180-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-35180-5"><bdi>978-0-385-35180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imagineers+of+War%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+DARPA%2C+the+Pentagon+Agency+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pages=195-&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2017-03-14&rft.isbn=978-0-385-35180-5&rft.au=Sharon+Weinberger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1ZxDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Frazier-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frazier_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick_Frazier1991" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick Frazier (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ1v3bggyr8C&pg=PA153"><i>The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal</i></a>. Prometheus Books, Publishers. pp. 153–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-401-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-401-1"><bdi>978-1-61592-401-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundredth+Monkey%3A+And+Other+Paradigms+of+the+Paranormal&rft.pages=153-&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books%2C+Publishers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-401-1&rft.au=Kendrick+Frazier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiJ1v3bggyr8C%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-autofilled2004-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autofilled2004_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh_Armistead_autofilled2004" class="citation book cs1">Leigh Armistead autofilled (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197"><i>Information Operations</i></a>. Potomac Books, Inc. pp. 197–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-355-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-355-7"><bdi>978-1-59797-355-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Information+Operations&rft.pages=197-&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59797-355-7&rft.au=Leigh+Armistead+autofilled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkxFibw3NxBcC%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NBC20130430-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBC20130430_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBC20130430_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle2012" class="citation news cs1">Boyle, Alan (April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/06/11061093-reality-check-on-russias-zombie-ray-gun-program?lite">"Reality check on Russia's 'zombie ray gun' program"</a>. <i>NBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Reality+check+on+Russia%27s+%27zombie+ray+gun%27+program&rft.date=2012-04&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcosmiclog.nbcnews.com%2F_news%2F2012%2F04%2F06%2F11061093-reality-check-on-russias-zombie-ray-gun-program%3Flite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Shapira2017-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shapira2017_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shapira2017_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFShapira2017" class="citation news cs1">Shapira, Ian (December 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/was-a-spys-parkinsons-disease-caused-by-a-secret-microwave-weapon-attack/2017/11/26/d5d530e0-c3f5-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html">"Was a spy's Parkinson's disease caused by a secret microwave weapon attack?"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Was+a+spy%27s+Parkinson%27s+disease+caused+by+a+secret+microwave+weapon+attack%3F&rft.date=2017-12-05&rft.aulast=Shapira&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fwas-a-spys-parkinsons-disease-caused-by-a-secret-microwave-weapon-attack%2F2017%2F11%2F26%2Fd5d530e0-c3f5-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/legal-financial-fights-mount-havana-syndrome-goes-unsolved-n1286399">"Legal, financial fights mount as 'Havana Syndrome' goes unsolved"</a>. 22 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legal%2C+financial+fights+mount+as+%27Havana+Syndrome%27+goes+unsolved&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnational-security%2Flegal-financial-fights-mount-havana-syndrome-goes-unsolved-n1286399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBroad2018" class="citation news cs1">Broad, William J. (2018-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/01/science/sonic-attack-cuba-microwave.html">"Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Microwave+Weapons+Are+Prime+Suspect+in+Ills+of+U.S.+Embassy+Workers&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Broad&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F01%2Fscience%2Fsonic-attack-cuba-microwave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Psychopathology-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Psychopathology_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBellMaidenMuñoz-SolomandoReddy2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, Vaughan; Maiden, Carla; Muñoz-Solomando, Antonio; Reddy, Venu (2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Mind control' experiences on the internet: implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of delusions". <i>Psychopathology</i>. <b>39</b> (2). Psychopathology, 39(2), 87-91: 87–91. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.9838">10.1.1.99.9838</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000090598">10.1159/000090598</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16391510">16391510</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6362668">6362668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopathology&rft.atitle=%27Mind+control%27+experiences+on+the+internet%3A+implications+for+the+psychiatric+diagnosis+of+delusions.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=87-91&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.99.9838%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6362668%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16391510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000090598&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Vaughan&rft.au=Maiden%2C+Carla&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz-Solomando%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Venu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+harassment" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>Eric Tucker, 18 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/18/aaron-alexis-microwave-machine_n_3946916.html">Aaron Alexis, Navy Yard Shooting Suspect, Thought People Followed Him With Microwave Machine</a>, <i>The Huffington Post</i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-24120854">Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis</a>, BBC News, 25 September 2013</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fsu-shooter-myron-may-left-message-i-do-not-want-n253436">FSU Shooter Myron May Left Message: 'I Do Not Want to Die in vain'</a>, Tracy Connor, NBC News, 21 November 2014</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html">"United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers"</a>, The New York Times, 10 June 2016</li></ul>
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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabal" title="Cabal">Cabals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_conspiracy" title="Civil conspiracy">Civil</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy" title="Criminal conspiracy">Criminal</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_political_conspiracies" title="List of political conspiracies">Political conspiracies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">Conspiracy</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hidden_message" title="Hidden message">Hidden message</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secrecy" title="Secrecy">Secrecy</a></li>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization" title="Group polarization">Attitude polarization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Locus_of_control" title="Locus of control">Locus of control</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Machiavellianism_(psychology)" title="Machiavellianism (psychology)">Machiavellianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness" title="Mass psychogenic illness">Mass psychogenic illness</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">Paranoia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomy_and_outer_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Astronomy and outer space</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Apollo Moon landings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs" title="Modern flat Earth beliefs">Flat Earth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollow_Moon" title="Hollow Moon">Hollow Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reptilian_conspiracy_theory" title="Reptilian conspiracy theory">Reptilians</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UFOs" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/UFO_conspiracy_theories" title="UFO conspiracy theories">UFOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alien_abduction" title="Alien abduction">Alien abduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Area 51</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Knight_satellite_conspiracy_theory" title="Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory">Black Knight satellite</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mac_Tonnies#Cryptoterrestrial_hypothesis" title="Mac Tonnies">Cryptoterrestrial</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interdimensional_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdimensional hypothesis">Interdimensional hypothesis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dulce_Base" title="Dulce Base">Dulce Base</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Project_Sign" title="Project Sign"><i>Estimate of the Situation</i> (1948)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Michigan_Triangle" title="Lake Michigan Triangle">Lake Michigan Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Majestic_12" title="Majestic 12">MJ-12</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Men_in_black" title="Men in black">Men in black</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nazi_UFOs" title="Nazi UFOs">Nazi UFOs</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Die_Glocke_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Die Glocke (conspiracy theory)">Die Glocke</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience#Serpo" title="Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience">Project Serpo</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hoaxes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Hoaxes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dundy_County_UFO_hoax" title="Dundy County UFO hoax">Dundy County (1884)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maury_Island_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Maury Island incident">Maury Island (1947)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roswell_incident#Roswell_in_UFO_conspiracy_theories_(1978–present)" title="Roswell incident">Roswell (1947)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twin_Falls_saucer_hoax" title="Twin Falls saucer hoax">Twin Falls (1947)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico_crashed_saucer_hoax" title="Aztec, New Mexico crashed saucer hoax">Aztec, New Mexico (1949)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1967_British_flying_saucer_hoax" title="1967 British flying saucer hoax">Southern England (1967)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes#Photograph_of_"an_alien"_taken_at_Ilkley_Moor_(1987)" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Ilkley Moor (1987)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_Breeze_UFO_incident" title="Gulf Breeze UFO incident">Gulf Breeze (1987–88)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alien_Autopsy_(1995_film)" title="Alien Autopsy (1995 film)">Alien autopsy (1995)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morristown_UFO_hoax" title="Morristown UFO hoax">Morristown (2009)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Deaths_and_disappearances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Deaths and disappearances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a> /<br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Assassination_theories" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor (1850)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince#Disappearance" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince (1890)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener#Death" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener (1916)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_and_legacy_of_Tom_Thomson#Alternative_theories" title="Death and legacy of Tom Thomson">Tom Thomson (1917)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy" title="Władysław Sikorski's death controversy">Władysław Sikorski (1943)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini#Post-war_controversy" title="Death of Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini (1945)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler%27s_death" title="Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death">Adolf Hitler (1945)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Death of Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose (1945)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Stompanato#Legacy_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Killing of Johnny Stompanato">Johnny Stompanato (1958)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Marilyn_Monroe#Conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe (1962)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">John F. Kennedy (1963)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald#Foreign_involvement_in_his_murder" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald (1963)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri#Death" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Disappearance_of_Harold_Holt#Conspiracy_theories" title="Disappearance of Harold Holt">Harold Holt (1967)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">Robert F. Kennedy (1968)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende (1973)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro" title="Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro (1978)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renny_Ottolina#Death_and_legacy" title="Renny Ottolina">Renny Ottolina (1978)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories" title="Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories">Pope John Paul I (1978)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airey_Neave#Conspiracy_theories" title="Airey Neave">Airey Neave (1979)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme#Murder_theories" title="Assassination of Olof Palme">Olof Palme (1986)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq#Theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq (1988)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GEC-Marconi_scientist_deaths_conspiracy_theory" title="GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory">GEC-Marconi scientists (1980s–90s)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal#Death_and_exhumation" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal (1993)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suicide_of_Vince_Foster" title="Suicide of Vince Foster">Vince Foster (1993)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain" title="Suicide of Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain (1994)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories">Yitzhak Rabin (1995)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales (1997)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alois_Estermann" title="Alois Estermann">Alois Estermann (1998)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre#Conspiracy_theories" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Nepalese royal family (2001)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause of Yasser Arafat's death">Yasser Arafat (2004)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto#United_Nations_inquiry" title="Assassination of Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto (2007)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden_death_conspiracy_theories" title="Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories">Osama bin Laden (2011)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez (2013)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Seth Rich (2016)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alejandro_Castro_(activist)" title="Alejandro Castro (activist)">Alejandro Castro (2018)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_Epstein#Homicide_suspicions_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein (2019)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Sushant_Singh_Rajput#Public_reactions" title="Death of Sushant Singh Rajput">Sushant Singh Rajput (2020)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McAfee#Death" title="John McAfee">John McAfee (2021)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Accidents / disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Celeste#Myths_and_false_histories" title="Mary Celeste"><i>Mary Celeste</i> (1872)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Titanic_conspiracy_theories" title="Titanic conspiracy theories">RMS <i>Titanic</i> (1912)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake#Ensuing_violence" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake (1923)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood#Conspiracy_theory" title="Lynmouth Flood">Lynmouth Flood (1952)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dyatlov_Pass_incident" title="Dyatlov Pass incident">Dyatlov Pass (1959)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lost_Cosmonauts" title="Lost Cosmonauts">Lost Cosmonauts (1950s–60s)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/JAT_Flight_367#Shootdown_conspiracy_theory" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367 (1972)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553#Conspiracy_theories" title="United Air Lines Flight 553">United Air Lines Flight 553 (1972)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295#Theories_regarding_the_cause_of_the_fire" title="South African Airways Flight 295">South African Airways Flight 295 (1987)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia" title="Sinking of the MS Estonia">MS <i>Estonia</i> (1994)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TWA_Flight_800_conspiracy_theories" title="TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories">TWA Flight 800 (1996)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990#Media_coverage" title="EgyptAir Flight 990">EgyptAir Flight 990 (1999)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2014)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc (1431)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yemenite_Children_Affair" title="Yemenite Children Affair">Yemenite children (1948–54)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elvis_sightings" title="Elvis sightings">Elvis Presley (1977)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonestown#Conspiracy_theories" title="Jonestown">Jonestown (1978)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Body double hoax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul McCartney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory">Avril Lavigne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theory_about_Vladimir_Putin%27s_body_doubles" title="Conspiracy theory about Vladimir Putin's body doubles">Vladimir Putin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory">Melania Trump</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Energy,_environment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Energy, environment</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agenda_21#Opposition" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory" title="California drought manipulation conspiracy theory">
California drought manipulation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_change_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change conspiracy theory">false theories</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_energy_suppression_conspiracy_theory" title="Free energy suppression conspiracy theory">Free energy suppression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program#Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program">HAARP</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_mercury" title="Red mercury">Red mercury</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="False_flag_allegations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a> allegations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)#False_flag_operation_conspiracy_theories" title="USS Maine (1889)">USS <i>Maine</i> (1898)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/RMS_Lusitania#Controversies" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i> (1915)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reichstag_fire#Dispute_about_Van_der_Lubbe's_role" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire (1933)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory" title="Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory">Pearl Harbor (1941)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident#Ongoing_controversy_and_unresolved_questions" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i> (1967)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_615#Allegations_of_West_German_government_involvement" title="Lufthansa Flight 615">Lufthansa Flight 615 (1972)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e_Flight_933" title="Widerøe Flight 933">Widerøe Flight 933 (1982)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_alternative_theories" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories">KAL Flight 007 (1983)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash" title="1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash">Mozambican presidential jet (1986)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories" title="Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories">Pan Am Flight 103 (1988)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing_conspiracy_theories" title="Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories">Oklahoma City bombing (1995)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 attacks (2001)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_11_attacks_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theories" title="September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories">advance knowledge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories" title="World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories">WTC collapse</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Controversies_about_the_2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings">Madrid train bombing (2004)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings#Conspiracy_theories" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">London bombings (2005)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smolensk_air_disaster" title="Smolensk air disaster">Smolensk air disaster (2010)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17#Russian_media_coverage" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (2014)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the 7 October attacks">Denial of the 7 October attacks (2023)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gender_and_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gender and sexuality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Alpha / beta males</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Anti-LGBT</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">anti-gender movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory">Chemicals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drag_panic" title="Drag panic">drag panic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">gay agenda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_Nazis_myth" title="Gay Nazis myth">gay Nazis myth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_HIV/AIDS#1981–1982:_From_GRID_to_AIDS" title="History of HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States#Public_perception" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Homintern" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Homintern</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Recruitment" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Recruitment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax" title="Litter boxes in schools hoax">litter box hoax</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transvestigation" title="Transvestigation">Transvestigation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">GamerGate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incel#Ideology_present_in_incel_communities" title="Incel">Ideology in incel communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larries" title="Larries">Larries</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Taylor_Swift#Mythology_and_subculture" title="Cultural impact of Taylor Swift">Gaylors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satanic_panic" title="Satanic panic">Satanic panic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy and masculinity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5G_misinformation" title="5G misinformation">5G misinformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccination</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">autism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">misinformation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aspartame_controversy" title="Aspartame controversy">Aspartame</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrails</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">vaccines</a></li>
<li>in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebola_misinformation" title="Ebola misinformation">Ebola</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electronic harassment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories" title="GMO conspiracy theories">GMOs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories" title="Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories">origins theories</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">oral polio AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1321_lepers%27_plot" title="1321 lepers' plot">Lepers' plot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medbed" title="Medbed">Medbeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SARS_conspiracy_theory" title="SARS conspiracy theory">SARS (2003)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1951_Pont-Saint-Esprit_mass_poisoning" title="1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning">Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Race,_religion_and/or_ethnicity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Race, religion and/or ethnicity</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bhagwa_Love_Trap_conspiracy_theory" title="Bhagwa Love Trap conspiracy theory">Bhagwa Love Trap</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CERN_ritual_hoax" title="CERN ritual hoax">CERN ritual hoax</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 and xenophobia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Freemasons</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Masonic_conspiracy_theories_in_the_French_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masonic conspiracy theories in the French Revolution (page does not exist)">French Revolution</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ories_du_complot_ma%C3%A7onnique_dans_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:Théories du complot maçonnique dans la Révolution française">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warsaw_concentration_camp#Discredited_extermination_camp_story" title="Warsaw concentration camp">Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw (1940s)</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Other_Losses" title="Other Losses">German POWs post-WWII</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Priory_of_Sion" title="Priory of Sion">Priory of Sion</a></li>
<li>Product labeling
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halal_conspiracy_theories" title="Halal conspiracy theories">Halal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tartarian_Empire_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartarian Empire (conspiracy theory)">Tartarian Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_on_Islam_controversy" title="War on Islam controversy">War against Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Antisemitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">during the Black Death</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epsilon_Team" title="Epsilon Team">Epsilon Team</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">George Soros</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Trivialization</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Committee_of_300" title="Committee of 300">Committee of 300</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonic plot</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">World War II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Z.O.G.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judeopolonia" title="Judeopolonia">Judeopolonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Killing of Jesus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rothschild_family#Conspiracy_theories" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Anti-Catholic_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">Anti-Catholic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesuit_conspiracy_theories" title="Jesuit conspiracy theories">Jesuits</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popish_Plot" title="Popish Plot">Popish Plot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vatican_conspiracy_theories" title="Vatican conspiracy theories">Vatican</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Bible</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papal_election_of_Giuseppe_Siri_theory" title="Papal election of Giuseppe Siri theory">Giuseppe Siri</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/OpIndia#Bihar_human_sacrifice_claims" title="OpIndia">Bihar human sacrifice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Replacement" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_jihad_conspiracy_theory" title="Love jihad conspiracy theory">Love jihad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamo-leftism#2021_proposed_Vidal_inquiry" title="Islamo-leftism">Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trojan_Horse_scandal" title="Trojan Horse scandal">Trojan Horse scandal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a> /<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Denial_of_mass_killings" title="Template:Denial of mass killings">Denial of mass killings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide#Views_in_Pakistan" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial" title="Cambodian genocide denial">Cambodian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">The Holocaust</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">Holodomor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial" title="Nanjing Massacre denial">Nanjing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial" title="Rwandan genocide denial">Rwandan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sayfo#Denial_and_justification" title="Sayfo">Sayfo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Serbs during WWII</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Americas<br /><small>(outside the United States)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Argentina
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Canada
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow#Cancellation" title="Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow">Avro Arrow cancellation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leuchter_report" title="Leuchter report">Leuchter report</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Peru
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casa_Matusita" title="Casa Matusita">Casa Matusita</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Venezuela
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daktari_Ranch_affair" title="Daktari Ranch affair">Daktari Ranch affair</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golpe_Azul" title="Golpe Azul">Golpe Azul</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle East / North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_the_Arab_world" title="Conspiracy theories in the Arab world">In the Arab world</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/10_agorot_controversy" title="10 agorot controversy">10 agorot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cairo_fire#Conspiracy_theories" title="Cairo fire">Cairo fire</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel-related_animal_conspiracy_theories" title="Israel-related animal conspiracy theories">Israel-related animal theories</a></li>
<li>Iran
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_overthrow_of_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Western-backed Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Israel
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska_payment_conspiracy" title="Alaska payment conspiracy">Alaska payment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dulles%27_Plan" title="Dulles' Plan">Dulles' Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_billion" title="Golden billion">Golden billion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tagantsev_conspiracy" title="Tagantsev conspiracy">Petrograd Military Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Rasputin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">South Asia /<br />Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>India
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India" title="Cow vigilante violence in India">Cow vigilante violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Pakistan
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jinnahpur" title="Jinnahpur">Jinnahpur</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Philippines
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tallano_gold" title="Tallano gold">Tallano gold</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Thailand
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finland_Plot" title="Finland Plot">Finland Plot</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_Turkey" title="Conspiracy theories in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Staged_coup_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 coup attempt</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" title="Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)">Operation Sledgehammer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests#Conspiracy_claims" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_syndrome" title="Sèvres syndrome">Sèvres syndrome</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Üst_akıl" title="List of conspiracy theories">Üst akıl</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyth</a></li>
<li>Ireland
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_Plot_(Ireland)" title="German Plot (Ireland)">German Plot</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Italy
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Lithuania
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statesmen_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Statesmen (conspiracy theory)">Statesmen (conspiracy theory)</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Roman Republic
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Catilinarian_conspiracy" title="First Catilinarian conspiracy">First Catilinarian conspiracy</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Spain
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mano_Negra_affair" title="Mano Negra affair">Mano Negra affair</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Sweden
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lilla_Saltsj%C3%B6badsavtalet" title="Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet">Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet</a></li></ul></li>
<li>UK
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clockwork_Orange_(plot)" title="Clockwork Orange (plot)">Clockwork Orange plot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elm_Guest_House_hoax" title="Elm Guest House hoax">Elm Guest House</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Wilson_plot_allegations" title="Harold Wilson plot allegations">Harold Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory" title="Voting pencil conspiracy theory">Voting pencil</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics" title="Conspiracy theories in United States politics">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Barack Obama
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">citizenship</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Real_Father" title="Dreams from My Real Father">parentage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegations_of_Barack_Obama_spying_on_Donald_Trump" title="Allegations of Barack Obama spying on Donald Trump">"Obamagate"</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_helicopter" title="Black helicopter">Black helicopters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory" title="CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory">CIA and JFK</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_assistance_to_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden">CIA assistance to bin Laden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_body_count_conspiracy_theory" title="Clinton body count conspiracy theory">Clinton body count</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FBI_secret_society_conspiracy_theory" title="FBI secret society conspiracy theory">FBI secret society</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FEMA_camps_conspiracy_theory" title="FEMA camps conspiracy theory">FEMA camps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_Guidestones#Conspiracy_theories" title="Georgia Guidestones">Georgia Guidestones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jade_Helm_15_conspiracy_theories" title="Jade Helm 15 conspiracy theories">Jade Helm 15</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montauk_Project" title="Montauk Project">Montauk Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philadelphia_Experiment" title="Philadelphia Experiment">Philadelphia Experiment</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Plan_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Plan (Washington, D.C.)">The Plan (Washington, D.C.)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Project_Azorian" title="Project Azorian">Project Azorian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pastel_QAnon" title="Pastel QAnon">Pastel</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_incidents_involving_QAnon" title="Timeline of incidents involving QAnon">incidents</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting_conspiracy_theories" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories">Sandy Hook (2012)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy (term)">"Vast right-wing conspiracy"</a></li>
<li>Vietnam War
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_War_POW/MIA_issue" title="Vietnam War POW/MIA issue">POW/MIA issue</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2020_election" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Conspiracy_allegations" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italygate" title="Italygate">Italygate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Pence_Card" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">"Pence Card"</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Maricopa_County_presidential_ballot_audit" title="2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit">Maricopa County ballot audit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dead_Internet_theory" title="Dead Internet theory">Dead Internet theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NESARA" title="NESARA">NESARA/GESARA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Coke#Conspiracy_theories" title="New Coke">New Coke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phantom_time_conspiracy_theory" title="Phantom time conspiracy theory">Phantom time</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">New chronology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shadow_government_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Shadow government (conspiracy theory)">Shadow government claims</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bilderberg_Meeting#Conspiracy_theories" title="Bilderberg Meeting">Bilderberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">synarchism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Shakespearean authorship</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Admiralty_law#Conspiracy_theory" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strawman_theory" title="Strawman theory">Strawman theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_protester_conspiracy_arguments" title="Tax protester conspiracy arguments">Tax protesters</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Satirical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acre_conspiracy" title="Acre conspiracy">Acre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bielefeld_conspiracy" title="Bielefeld conspiracy">Bielefeld</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birds_Aren%27t_Real" title="Birds Aren't Real">Birds Aren't Real</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Li%27s_field" title="Li's field">Li's field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme" title="Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme">Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_Encyclopedia" title="Conspiracy Encyclopedia">Conspiracy Encyclopedia</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspiracy_fiction" title="Conspiracy fiction">Conspiracy fiction</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conspirituality" title="Conspirituality">Conspirituality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">Dogma</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">pseudoskepticism</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">Online youth radicalization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1711813587' |