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'{{Short description|Church constructed 1919–1924 in Jerusalem}} {{Other uses|Church of All Nations (SCOAN)}} {{More citations needed|date=November 2011}} {{Infobox religious building | building_name = Church of All Nationsv b,.bjv;fvkfbugfudgfhguifguhfuhgughfhfjgkjfhjfjgkjfgjhgfjhgjkjbbnn nnnjnnvbv njhhuhhuuihjuhvuhfurughrufuhuhguuhewhbcbvhcbhchvbfvb hfbvhfv huvbcuuhudcuehuchghcvb bcuhxxuehihhgruhuejfkvjhkhuvhjvhjdhuhduhuvhjhcjkxjvjicvihihvhhvhjvhvjhvjbjbhjjxjuhuyiguddbjhgvgfyufgdyhuvgtfyfdgyufgyudfdfgffgygvhvgh | image = Jerusalem Church of all nations BW 7.jpg | caption = Church facade | location = [[Jerusalem]] | geo= | religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] | province= | district= | consecration_year = June 1924 | status = [[Basilica|Minor Basilica]] | leadership= | website= | architect = [[Antonio Barluzzi]] | architecture_type= | architecture_style = Neo-Byzantine | facade_direction= | year_completed = 1924 | construction_cost= | capacity= | length= | width= | width_nave= | height_max= | dome_quantity= | dome_height_outer= | dome_height_inner= | dome_dia_outer= | dome_dia_inner= | minaret_quantity= | minaret_height= | spire_quantity= | spire_height= | materials= }} [[Image:4953-20080122-jerusalem-mt-olives-all-nations.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The bedrock where Jesus is believed to have prayed.]] The '''Church of All Nations''', also known as the '''Church of Gethsemane''' <ref name="HALEVI 2015 pp. 1031–1058">{{cite journal | last=HALEVI | first=MASHA | title=CONTESTED HERITAGE: MULTI-LAYERED POLITICS AND THE FORMATION OF THE SACRED SPACE – THE CHURCH OF GETHSEMANE AS A CASE-STUDY | journal=The Historical Journal | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=58 | issue=4 | date=2015-10-29 | issn=0018-246X | doi=10.1017/s0018246x14000776 | pages=1031–1058| s2cid=157552007 |url=https://www.academia.edu/19167156}}</ref> or the '''Basilica of the Agony''', is a [[Catholic]] church located on the [[Mount of Olives]] in [[East Jerusalem]], next to the Garden of [[Gethsemane]]. It enshrines a section of bedrock where [[Jesus]] is said to have [[prayer|prayed]] before his arrest. ({{bibleverse||Mark|14:32–42}}) The reasons for its construction in the 1920s were complex, with some political factors.<ref name="HALEVI 2015 pp. 1031–1058"></ref>{{clarify|date=June 2023}} ==History== The current church rests on the foundations of two earlier ones, that of a 4th-century [[Byzantine]] [[basilica]], destroyed by an earthquake in 746, and of a small 12th-century [[Crusades|Crusader]] chapel abandoned in 1345. In 1920, during work on the foundations, a column was found two meters beneath the floor of the medieval crusader chapel. Fragments of a magnificent mosaic were also found. Following this discovery, the architect immediately removed the new foundations and began excavations of the earlier church. After the remains of the Byzantine-era church were fully excavated, plans for the new church were altered and work continued on the current basilica from April 19, 1922, until June 1924 when it was consecrated.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} An arson attack took place on the church in December 2020, without much damage having been caused.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/jewish-man-arrested-for-setting-fire-to-roman-catholic-church-in-jerusalem-651175|title=Jewish man arrested for setting fire to Catholic church in Jerusalem|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> The [[Custody of the Holy Land]], the official custodian of Catholic holy sites in Israel and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], condemned the arson attack on the church, which is a Christian holy site.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/holy-land-custody-condemns-arson-attack-on-church-of-all-nations-651416|title=US govt 'strongly condemns' arson attack on Church of All Nations|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> In December 2020, archaeologists revealed the remains of the foundations of a [[Second Temple period|Second Temple-era]] ritual bath (also known as a [[mikveh]]) during construction work on a modern tunnel under the Church of All Nations and a 1,500 year-old Byzantine church. According to Dr. Leah and Dr. Rosario, Greek inscriptions were written on the church's floor as : "for the memory and repose of those who love Christ… accept the offering of your servants and give them remission of sins”. According to Israel Antiquities Authority's Jerusalem district head Amit Re’em, the uniqueness of bath is that it is the first archaeological evidence at the site of Gethsemane where Christians have made pilgrimages for centuries, in the days of Jesus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amanda Borschel-Dan|title=Ancient ritual bath may mark first New Testament-era find at Jesus' Gethsemane|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ancient-ritual-bath-may-mark-first-new-testament-era-find-at-jesus-gethsemane/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jewish ritual bath from Jesus' time found at Gethsemane|url=https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/.premium-jewish-ritual-bath-from-jesus-time-found-at-gethsemane-1.9389600|access-date=2020-12-24|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=Archaeologists Have Uncovered an Ancient Church Built on the Site Believed to Have Hosted the Last Supper|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-church-jerusalem-1933579|access-date=2020-12-24|website=News.artnet.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Use by other denominations == [[Image:All Nations Front1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Facade of the church with the evangelist statues<ref name="madainstatues">{{cite web |title=Statues of Four Evangelists (Basilica of Agony) |url=https://madainproject.com/church_of_all_nations_evangelist_statues |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525103351/https://madainproject.com/church_of_all_nations_evangelist_statues |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2020 |website=Madainproject.com |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>]] An open altar located in the gardens of the church is used by many Christian denominations including followers who are Roman Catholic, [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], and any other version of Christianity that is [[National church|culturally unique]] to any particular nation. == Design and construction == The church was built between 1919 and 1924 using funds donated from many different countries. The [[coat-of-arms]] of twelve of the countries from which donations originated are incorporated into the ceiling, each in a separate, small [[dome]], and also into the interior [[mosaic]]s. The countries honored in this way are, east to west (altar to entrance) and beginning with the northern [[apse]]: [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Chile]] and [[Mexico]]; in the middle of the church are commemorated: [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], and to the right: [[Belgium]], [[Canada]], [[Germany]], and the [[United States|United States of America]]. The mosaics in the apses were donated by [[Ireland]], [[Hungary]], and [[Poland]] (by the sculpturist [[Tadeusz Adam Zieliński]]). The crown around the bedrock itself was a gift of [[Australia]]. These multi-national donations give the church one of its present names as the "Church of All Nations". Two types of stone were used in the construction of the church: the interior utilizes a stone from the [[Quarry|quarries]] at [[Lifta]], north-west of Jerusalem; and the exterior, a rose colored stone from Bethlehem. The building is divided by six columns into three aisles, but with an even ceiling lacking a [[clerestory]]. This design gives the impression of one large open hall. [[Alabaster]] panels [[dye]]d [[violet (color)|violet]] were used for the windows to evoke a mood of depression analogous to Christ's agony, and the ceiling is painted a deep blue to simulate a night sky. The [[facade]] of the church is supported by a row of [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] columns. Atop each column sits statues of the [[Four Evangelists]]. First is [[Mark the Evangelist|Mark]]. Second, [[Luke the Evangelist|Luke]] holds a quote from Luke 22:43–44 “…factus in agonia prolixius orabat et factus est sudor eius sicut guttae sanguinis decurrentis in terram" or translated from the Vulgate, "And being in agony he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground." Followed by [[Matthew the Apostle|Matthew]] holding Matthew 26:42b "Pater mi, si non potest hic calix transire nisi bibam illum, fiat voluntas tua" or translated “My Father, if this cup cannot pass unless I drink it, your will be done.” The final statue is of [[John the Evangelist|John]]. The columns and statues are set below a modern mosaic depicting [[Jesus Christ]] as mediator between [[God]] and [[man]]. The designer of the facade mosaic was Professor [[Giulio Bargellini]]. The bubble-domed roof, thick columns, and facade mosaic, give the church a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] look. The church was designed by [[Italy|Italian]] [[architect]] [[Antonio Barluzzi]] and is currently held in trust by the [[Custodian of the Holy Land|Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gethsemane |url=https://www.custodia.org/en/sanctuaries/gethsemane |website=Custodia.org}}</ref> ==Picture gallery== <gallery mode="packed"> File:Jerusalem AllNations tango7174.jpg|Nave and vault, looking east File:Jerusalem Church of all nations BW 4.JPG|Left aisle File:Jerusalem Church of all nations BW 2.JPG|Central aisle File:Church of All Nations (interior).JPG|Interior view towards main door File:Church of All Nations, Jerusalem1.jpg|Night view File:Church of All Nations Church of All Nations (front).jpg|Facade File:Clergy at Church of All Nations in Jerusalem -- 5 February 2011.jpg|Clergy in 2011 </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/3/Jerusalem-%20The%20Basilica%20of%20the%20Agony%20-Church%20of%20Al Basilica of the Agony] (Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website) == External links == {{Commons category|Church of All Nations (Jerusalem)}} * [http://jerusalem360.com/panoramas/all_nations_church Virtual Tour of Jerusalem @ jerusalem360.com] – Interactive Panoramas from Israel * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002630/http://www.trekker.co.il/english/mount-of-olives.htm Mount of Olives] – Churches on Mount of Olives. Photos and general information. * [http://www.jerusalemshots.com/cat_en22.html Jerusalem Photo Archive] – Christian Quarter * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615234812/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/cust/TSmain.html The Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land] {{coord|31.779227|N|35.239628|E|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1924 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]] [[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1924]] [[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings]] [[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Jerusalem|All Nations]] [[Category:Basilica churches in Asia]] [[Category:Ancient sites in Jerusalem]] [[Category:Byzantine sites in Asia]] [[Category:Gethsemane]] [[Category:Neoclassical church buildings]] [[Category:Mount of Olives]]'