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'{{about|the Hummer brand|the Hummer H1|Hummer H1|other uses|Hummer (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox_Defunct_Company | company_name = Hummer | company_logo = [[Image:Hummer wordmark.svg|400px]] | foundation = 1992 | location = [[Detroit, Michigan]], [[United States]] | industry = [[Automotive]] | key_people = | products = ([[Hummer H1|H1]]) [[pickup truck]], SUV ([[Hummer H2|H2]], [[Hummer H3|H3]]), [[Sport utility vehicle]]s | parent = [[General Motors]] }} '''Hummer''' is a [[brand]] of [[off-road vehicles]] sold by [[General Motors]] (GM). The original H1 was based on the military [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (HMMWV, or Humvee). However, the [[Hummer H2]] and the [[Hummer H3]] were based on other, smaller civilian-market vehicles. == History == Hummers were originally built by [[AM General]] Corporation, which was formerly [[American Motors|AMC]] [[Jeep|Jeep's]] General Products division,<ref>[http://www.humvee.net/misc/history.html The History of AM General<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> in its [[Mishawaka, Indiana]] assembly plant. They were created under a contract for the [[United States armed forces]]. The first model, the Hum-Vee, was built in a variety of military-based equipment and versions. These included troop carriers, gun turrets and radar. The U.S. military, on receiving their quota, have adapted some of the vehicles, including modifications to facilitate a directional microwave crowd control beam ([[Active Denial System]]). AM General had planned to sell a civilian version of the Hum-Vee as far back as the late 1980s. In 1990, two matching white Hum-Vees were driven from [[London]] to [[Beijing]] over the rough roads of central [[Soviet Union]]. The Hummers made the trip with ease, for they were built to drive on off-road terrain. The highlights of this journey were broadcast in the [[United States]] on [[ESPN]]. This publicity would pale in comparison to the attention that the HMMWV received for its service in [[Operation: Desert Storm]] the following year. Also, a privately-owned Hum-Vee was modified into the first Snow-Vee, including the addition of caterpillar tracks, a new rear compartment and a new engine. This vehicle was designed for use in and just below the Arctic Circle, and the Antarctic. In 1992, AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (HMMWV or Hum-Vee) vehicle to the public under the brand name "Hummer", called the Hummer H1. In 1998, AM General sold the brand name to General Motors, but continued to manufacture the vehicles. GM is responsible for the marketing and distribution of all Hummers produced by AM General. In the next few years, GM introduced two new homegrown models, the [[Hummer H2|H2]] and [[Hummer H3|H3]], and renamed the original vehicle H1. AM General continued to build the H1 until it was discontinued in 2006,<ref>[http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/ticker/article.asp?Symbol=US:GM&Feed=AP&Date=20060512&ID=5717547&GT1=8181 Page expired - MSN Money<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and is contracted by GM to produce the H2. The H3 is built in Shreveport, LA alongside the [[Chevrolet Colorado]] and GMC Canyon pickups, with which it shares the [[GM GMT platform#GMT 355|GMT-355]] platform (custom modified and designated GMT-345). [[Image:2006 Hummer H3 H1 and H2.jpg|right|thumb|375px|2006 Hummer lineup: [[Hummer H3|H3]], [[Hummer H1|H1]], and [[Hummer H2|H2]] (L-R)]] The Hummer also began to be exported and sold through importers and distributors in 33 countries by 2006.<ref name=gmpr06>[http://www.media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=3&docid=29577 '"HUMMER Sustains Steady, Upward Sales Trend In North America And Overseas" GM Media Online, 10 October 2006], retrieved on 23 February 2009.</ref> On 10 October 2006, GM began producing the Hummer H3 at its [[Port Elizabeth]] plant in [[South Africa]] for international markets.<ref name=gmpr06/> The Hummers built there first only left-hand drive, but right-hand drive versions were added and exported to [[Australia]] and other markets. The H2 is also assembled in [[Kaliningrad]], [[Russia]], by Avtotor, starting in June 2004. The plant produces a few hundred vehicles annually, and its output is limited to local consumption (five dealers in Russia initially). On Tuesday 3 June 2008, one day prior to GM's annual shareholder meeting, Rick Wagoner, GM's CEO at that time, said the brand is being reviewed, and has the possibility of either being sold, having the production line completely redesigned, or being discontinued.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060300979.html?hpid=topnews GM Closing 4 Truck and SUV Plants in North America - washingtonpost.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> This is due to the decreasing demand for large SUVs as a result of higher oil prices. Almost immediately after the announcement, a pair of Indian automakers, including [[Mahindra & Mahindra]], expressed interest in purchasing all or part of Hummer.<ref>[http://www.autotrends.org/indian-automakers-eyeing-hummer/ Indian Automakers Eyeing Hummer?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> On 17 February 2009, GM announced that it would decide by 31 March 2009, whether to sell off or eliminate the Hummer. However, the announcement has been delayed. As of April 2009, the company has no plans to continue the nameplate after the [[2010]] model year.<ref>[http://www.buffalonews.com/cityregion/story/583855.html Owners of Saturns, Hummers grapple with threat of demise - buffalonews.com]</ref> GM President Fritz Henderson stated several interested parties approached GM regarding the Hummer business. On 5 April 2009, [[Eidos Inc.|Société de Participation Financière Eidos Canada Inc.]] made an unsolicited bid for Hummer. ==Models== {{imagestack| [[Image:Ab car 07.jpg|right|thumb|Customized Hummer H2]] [[Image:Hummer-H3.JPG|right|thumb|The Hummer H3]] }} There are three current and possibly two future models in the HUMMER line:and also frankies mom is a whore ;Production models * [[Hummer H1|HUMMER H1]] (discontinued) **[[Hummer H1#2006 Hummer H1 Alpha|HUMMER H1 Alpha]] (discontinued) * [[Hummer H2|HUMMER H2]] ** [[Hummer H2|HUMMER H2 SUT]] * [[Hummer H3|HUMMER H3]] ** [[Hummer H3T|HUMMER H3T]] ** [[Hummer H3#H3x|HUMMER H3x]] **[[Hummer H3|HUMMER H3 Alpha]] ;Concept vehicles * [[Hummer HX|HUMMER HX]] ;Modified vehicles * Hummer H6<ref>[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=109649#3 "Hummer H2 Gets "All Stretched Out" To Become the H6" Edmund's Inside Line, date posted: March 16, 2006], retrieved on August 25, 2008.</ref> ==Civilian model details== ===Hummer H1=== {{main|Hummer H1}} The first car in the Hummer Range, was the [[Hummer H1]] based on the [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (Hum-Vee). Originally released in 1992, this vehicle was designed by [[American Motors]]' AM General subsidiary for the U.S. Military. Five years previously, AMC had been bought by Chrysler. ===Hummer H2=== {{main|Hummer H2}} The Hummer H2 is the second vehicle in the Hummer range. There are two models available: H2 SUV and H2 SUT. ====Plug-in Hybrid==== [[Raser Technologies]] of Utah wants to use technology similar to that in the [[Chevy Volt]] to make the HUMMER a 100 MPG fuel sipper. Details are sketchy, as Raser plans to debut the prototype on April 20 – 23 at the Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress in [[Detroit]]. But Raser is saying that using their [[E-REV]] (Extended-Range Electric Vehicle) powertrain technology, the HUMMER plug-in hybrid will run up to 40 miles per day on its battery alone, then a small 4 cylinder combustion engine will kick in to generate more electricity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allcarselectric.com/blog/1020028_raser-to-show-hummer-h2-plug-in-hybrid |title=100 MPG HUMMER H3 Plug-In Hybrid to be Unveiled |publisher=AllCarsElectric.com |date=2009-04-13 |accessdate=2009-04-27}}</ref> ===Hummer H3=== {{main|Hummer H3}} The H3 is the smallest of the Hummer models and is based on the [[GM GMT platform#GMT355|GMT355 platform]] shared with the [[Chevrolet Colorado]] and [[GMC Canyon]] compact pickup trucks. ==Off-road abilities== As of April 2009, Hummer is the only brand in the United States whose entire model range lineup comes standard with a low-range transfer case, relatively high-ground clearance, and off-road tires. Additionally, no two-wheel drive Hummers are offered at this time. ===Racing=== {{imagestack| [[Image:HummerH31.jpg|thumb|right|Rod Hall in the 2005 [[Baja 1000]].]] [[Image:Dakar 2006 Hummer Gordon.jpg|thumb|right|Robby Gordon's Dakar Rally H3.]] }} Team Hummer Racing was created in 1993 and showcases the Hummer's abilities. Led by off-road racer [[Rod Hall (racer)|Rod Hall]], Team HUMMER competes in the Stock classes of both BitD and SCORE, which feature production-based vehicles with stock frames, stock suspension designs, and production-based engines. Specialized racing shock absorbers, tires, and other minor modifications are allowed, along with the required supporting components and mandatory safety equipment. Team Hummer stock-class H3 driven by Hall finished first in class with the H3 in the 2005 [[Baja 1000]]. The team's latest victories came in April 2008, when Team HUMMER swept the stock class races at the Terrible's Town 250.<ref>[http://www.hummerguy.net/hummer-news/racing-with-team-hummer-the-results Racing with Team HUMMER: The Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Team HUMMER has tallied one of the most impressive records in production-class racing, earning 11 class wins at the Baja 1000. ===Dakar Rally=== A highly modified, two-wheel drive Hummer was raced by [[Robby Gordon]] in the 2006, 2007 (8th place) and 2009 [[Dakar Rally]]. ==Licensing== GM has been active in licensing the Hummer. Various companies have licensed the Hummer trademarks for use on [[Eau de Cologne|colognes]], flashlights, bicycles,<ref>[http://www.hummerbikes.com Hummer Bikes<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> shoes, coats, hats, laptops,<ref>[http://www.hummerlaptops.com HUMMER Laptops. This product has been decomissioned<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> clothing, CD players and other items.<ref>[http://www.hummerstuff.com Hummerstuff.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Production Facilities== * [[AM General]] Hummer H1 Assembly Plant, [[Mishawaka, Indiana]] - 500,000 square foot plant opened 1984 to build HMVEE and began production of the Hummer/H1 in 1992 * [[AM General]] Hummer H2 Assembly Plant, [[Mishawaka, Indiana]] - 673,000 square foot plant opened 2002 * [[General Motors South Africa]] Struandale Assembly Plant, [[Port Elizabeth]], [[East Cape]], [[South Africa]] - built in 1996, expanded to 75 625 square metres in 2006 to build H3 * [[General Motors]] Shreveport Operations, [[Shreveport, Louisiana]] - additional 296,000 square feet added to plant built by GM (1981) in 2005 to accommodate the production of the H3 * Avtotor [[Kaliningrad]], [[Russia]]- licensed version of H2 starting 2008 ==Owner efforts== [[Image:IMG 2590 cropped.jpg|thumb|A military [[convoy]] of Hummers leaving [[Washington, DC]] the day after the [[Inauguration of Barack Obama]]]] Since all Hummer vehicles have heavy-duty capabilities, they have been employed by owners for aid in large disaster situations. [http://www.hummerhope.com Hummer Owners Prepared for Emergencies (HOPE)] was created by the efforts of The Hummer Club, INC. and the American Red Cross. Together, the two organizations train Hummer owners with [[CPR]] and First Aid skills, and basic off-highway skills so that they may assist victims during a disaster situation. GM paid the Red Cross $4 million to participate in the organization.<ref>[http://www.redcross.org/article/0,1072,0_312_3649,00.html HUMMER Owners Become Unique Disaster Volunteers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Starting in the early-1990s, when AM General started selling to the civilian market, Hummers began making appearances in the Film and Television industry. Some earlier and noticeable appearances include ''[[seaQuest DSV]]'' which used the [[Hummer H1]] in place of [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle|Humvees]], and ''[[Earth 2 (TV series)|Earth 2]]'' which featured a large, "[[solar-powered]]" Hummer Concept truck as their main mode of conveyance. More recently noticeable appearances include ''[[CSI:Miami]]'', being driven by the chief of the crime lab Lt. [[Horatio Caine]] (played by [[David Caruso]]), during the 6th season of CSI: MIAMI, they received all new 2008 H2's with redesigned interior and in the 2007 ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]'' movie the [[Autobot]] known as [[Ratchet (Transformers)#2007 Transformers film|Ratchet]] transforms into a search and rescue [[Hummer H2]]. ==Criticisms== Criticism of Hummers includes the criticism of [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s in general, although at a higher degree. Specific extra criticisms of Hummers include: ;Size: Hummers are significantly bigger than other SUVs; this can cause problems parking, driving and fitting in a garage.<ref>[http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/highlightshummer/a/hummerhistory_3.htm Hummer Cons: The Downsides Of Owning a Hummer H1 or H2<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ;Safety and ecology: Safety and ecological perceptions from other road users has attracted a lot of criticism.<ref>[http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=45990 Drive.com.au review], with statements such as 'The mere mention of its name gets many people incandescent with rage']</ref><ref>[http://www.motorists.org/carfamily/home/h2-hummer-do-you-need-attention-this-badly/ H2 Hummer: Do You Need Attention This Badly? - The Car Family Reviews - National Motorists Association<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Hummer (usually the H2) has been singled out and attacked as a symbol of ecological irresponsibility, sometimes using violent means.<ref>[http://www.bant-shirts.com/eco-terrorist-t-shirt.htm Eco T-shirts: Anti-Hummer, anti-4x4 t-shirt<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/archives/2007/07/eco-terrorists_vandalize_hummer/ Eco-Terrorists Vandalize Hummer » Outside The Beltway | OTB<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/17/AR2007071701808.html Hummer Owner Gets Angry Message - washingtonpost.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ;Poor fuel economy: Even compared to other heavy passenger vehicles, Hummers have very poor [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]]. Because the H2 is built to the over-8500-lb GVW class, its fuel economy is neither published by the EPA nor counted toward Corporate Average Fuel Economy.<ref>[http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/suv/112_0208_2003_hummer_h2_road_test/fuel_economy.html "Road Test: 2003 Hummer H2: a tweaked Tahoe or the real thing?", Motor Trend magazine], retrieved on [[2008-06-23]].</ref> For instance, H2 in one engine configuration averages about {{convert|14|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} on [[highway]]s, {{convert|10|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} in the city, and has a [[curb weight]] of over {{convert|6000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, making it technically illegal for use on some streets.<ref>[http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/suv/112_0208_2003_hummer_h2_road_test/overview.html "Road Test: 2003 Hummer H2, Overview", Motor Trend magazine], retrieved on [[2008-06-23]].</ref> ; Safety: Crash data for Hummers is less complete than for other SUVs. Because of its weight, it takes longer and further to stop in emergency braking situations. As a Class 3 truck, Hummers are exempt from many DOT safety regulations.<ref name=humhis4>[http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/highlightshummer/a/hummerhistory_4.htm Hummer FAQ - Little Known Facts About Hummer H1 and H2 Vehicles]</ref> The H1 lacks standard safety features, including child safety locks, child seat tethers, side air bags and stability control. Large blind spots make parking difficult and possibly dangerous.<ref name=humhis4/> == See also == * [[Criticism of sport utility vehicles]] * [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (Hum-Vee) * [[Jeep]] * [[Unimog]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{commonscat|Hummer vehicles}} * [http://www.hummer.com GM's HUMMER homepage] * [http://www.amgeneral.com AM General official site] {{Hummer}} {{Hummer timeline}} {{General Motors brands}} {{General Motors}} [[Category:Off-road vehicles]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]] [[Category:Hummer]] [[Category:Indiana culture]] [[Category:Truck manufacturers]] [[Category:St. Joseph County, Indiana]] [[Category:Companies based in Detroit, Michigan]] [[Category:General Motors marques]] [[ar:همر]] [[cs:Hummer]] [[da:Hummer (bil)]] [[de:Hummer (Automarke)]] [[et:Hummer]] [[es:Hummer]] [[eu:Hummer]] [[fa:هامر]] [[fr:Hummer]] [[ko:허머]] [[id:Hummer]] [[it:Hummer]] [[he:האמר]] [[lt:Hummer]] [[hu:Hummer]] [[nl:Hummer]] [[ja:ハマー (自動車)]] [[no:Hummer (bil)]] [[pl:Hummer]] [[pt:Hummer]] [[ru:Хаммер (автомобиль)]] [[simple:HUMMER]] [[sk:Hummer]] [[sl:Hummer]] [[fi:Hummer]] [[sv:Hummer (bilmärke)]] [[tr:Hummer]] [[zh:悍馬汽車]]'