Examine individual changes

'[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s '''''Symphony No. 1 in C Major (Op. 21)''''' was dedicated to Baron [[Gottfried van Swieten]], an early patron of the composer. The piece was published in [[1801]] by [[Hoffmeister & Kühnel]] of [[Leipzig]]. It is unknown exactly when Beethoven finished writing this work, but sketches of the finale were found from 1795.<ref>{{cite book |title=Beethoven and his Nine Symphonies |last=Grove |first=George |year=1896 |publisher=Novello and Company, Limited |location=LondoFOR [[Image:Beethoven Hornemann.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Portrait of Beethoven in 1803, three years after the premiere of his 1st Symphony.]] The symphony is clearly indebted to Beethoven's predecessors, particularly his teacher [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]], but nonetheless has characteristics that clearly mark it as Beethoven's work, notably the frequent use of ''[[Dynamics (music)#Relative loudness#Sudden changes|sforzandi]]'' and the prominent use of wind instruments. Sketches for the finale are found among the exercises Beethoven wrote while studying counterpoint under [[Albrechtsberger]] in the spring of 1795. ==foreground== The premiere took place on April 2, 1800 at the [[Burgtheater|K.K. Hoftheater nächst der Burg]] in [[Vienna]]. The concert program also included a symphony by [[Mozart]], an aria and a duet from Haydn's popular oratorio ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|The Creation]]'', along with Beethoven's [[Septet (B0odo )|septet]] and [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Beethoven)|second piano concerto]]. This concert effectively served to announce Beethoven's talents to Vienna.<ref>Morris, Edmund. ''Beethoven The Universal Composer''. New York: HarperCollins, 2005, pp. 77-78.</ref> ==Instrumentationsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss== The symphony is scored for 2 [[flute]]s, 2 [[oboe]]s, 2 [[clarinet]]s in C, 2 [[bassoon]]s, 2 [[Horn (instrument)|horns]] in C and F, 2 [[trumpet]]s in C, [[timpani]] and [[String section|strings]]. The clarinet parts are commonly played on B{{music|flat}} clarinet, as C and D clarinets are no longer widely used. However, there is some controversy over whether they should be played on E{{music|flat}} instruments instead. The E{{music|flat}} clarinet's timbre is much closer to that of the C and D clarinets than that of the warmer-sounding B{{music|flat}} clarinet.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} ==Form== There are four movements: #[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Adagio]] molto &mdash;[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro]] con brio, 4/4&mdash;2/2 #[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Andante]] cantabile con moto, 3/8 in [[F major]] #[[Minuet|Menuetto]]: Allegro molto e vivace, 3/4 #[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Adagio]]&mdash;Allegro molto e vivace, 4/4 Its duration is approximately 25 minutes. ==Description== {{Original research|section|date=January 2010}} The twelve-bar introduction of the first movement is sometimes considered a "musical joker". For example, the English musicologist Donald Francis Tovey has called this work "a comedy of manners"<ref>Woodstra, Chris et al (2005) All music guide to classical music: the definitive guide to classical music</ref>. In fact, Symphony # 1 may simply be a result of Beethoven's experimentation: it consists of a sequence of dominant-tonic chord sequences in the wrong key, so that the listener only gradually realizes the real key of the symphony. There is a shortened recapitulation before the [[coda (music)|coda]] which closes the first movement. The andante (in F Major, the subdominant) of the second movement is played considerably faster than the general concept of that tempo, at what could be thought of as [[Tempo|moderato]]. The third movement is remarkable because, although it is marked Menuetto, it is so fast that it is essentially a [[scherzo]]. The finale opens with another possible joke, consisting of partial scales played slowly before the full C-major scale marks the real start of the allegro. ==Notes== {{reflist}} == External links == * Analysis of [http://www.all-about-beethoven.com/symphony1.html Beethoven Symphony No.1] at [http://www.all-about-beethoven.com All About Ludwig van Beethoven] * {{fr icon}} Analysis of [http://www.hberlioz.com/Writings/ATC02.htm#sym1 Beethoven Symphony No.1] by French composer Hector Berlioz on [http://www.hberlioz.com The Hector Berlioz Website] * [http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/baj7035/large/index.html Full score] of Beethoven's Symphony Number 1. * [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5442651 Interview] with [[Christoph Eschenbach]] about the symphony. * {{MUSEDATA|id=beethoven/sym-1|title=Symphony No. 1}} * {{IMSLP2|id=Symphony_No.1_%28Beethoven%2C_Ludwig_van%29|cname=Symphony No. 1}} {{Beethoven symphonies}} <!--Categories--> [[Category:Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven|01]] [[Category:Classical era symphonies|Beethoven 01]] [[Category:1795 compositions]] <!--Other languages--> [[ca:Simfonia núm. 1 (Beethoven)]] [[cs:Symfonie č. 1 (Beethoven)]] [[de:1. Sinfonie (Beethoven)]] [[es:Sinfonía n.º 1 (Beethoven)]] [[fr:Symphonie nº 1 de Beethoven]] [[ko:교향곡 1번 (베토벤)]] [[hr:Simfonija br. 1 (Beethoven)]] [[it:Sinfonia n. 1 (Beethoven)]] [[he:הסימפוניה הראשונה של בטהובן]] [[hu:Beethoven: 1. szimfónia]] [[nl:Symfonie nr. 1 (Beethoven)]] [[ja:交響曲第1番 (ベートーヴェン)]] [[pl:I symfonia Beethovena]] [[pt:Sinfonia n.º 1 (Beethoven)]] [[ru:Симфония № 1 (Бетховен)]] [[sr:Симфонија бр. 1 (Бетовен)]] [[fi:Sinfonia nro 1 (Beethoven)]] [[uk:Симфонія № 1 (Бетховен)]] [[zh:第1號交響曲 (貝多芬)]]'