Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Moscow Metro line}} {{Infobox rail line | name = {{MOSMETRO-bull|5}} Koltsevaya line (Circle line) | image = Line 5 (Moscow).svg | image_width = 325 | caption = | type = [[Rapid transit]] | system = [[Moscow Metro]] | status = | locale = [[Moscow]] | stations = 12 | daily_ridership = | open = 1 January 1950 | close = | owner = | operator = Moskovsky Metropoliten | character = Underground | stock = [[81-775/776/777]] | linelength_km = 19.4 | tracklength = | tracks = | gauge = {{RailGauge|1520mm|lk=on}} | electrification = [[Third rail]] | speed = | elevation = | map = {{Koltsevaya line RDT}} }} The '''Koltsevaya line''' ({{lang-ru|Кольцева́я ли́ния}}, ''Ring line'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://engl.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_5.php?id_page=45|title=Kol'tsevaya (Circle) Line|publisher=Moscow Metro|access-date=2010-06-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324091448/http://engl.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_5.php?id_page=45|archive-date=2009-03-24}}</ref> {{IPA-ru|kəlʲtsɨˈvajə ˈlʲinʲɪjə|IPA}}) ('''Line 5''') is a line of the [[Moscow Metro]]. The line was built in 1950–1954 as a [[circle route]] orbiting central Moscow, and became crucial to the transfer patterns of passengers. The stations of the line were built at the height of [[Stalinist architecture]], and include [[Komsomolskaya (Koltsevaya line)|Komsomolskaya]], [[Novoslobodskaya]] and [[Kiyevskaya (Koltsevaya line)|Kiyevskaya]]. ==History== In the initial plans of the Metro's development, there was no provision for the Circle line. Instead it was planned for complete [[cross-city route]]s ("diameters") to cross the city centre with [[interchange station]]s at their intersections. However, after the opening of the second stage in 1938, it was clear from the excessive loads on those junctions, that this plan would be insufficient to deal with the growing number of passengers as the system expanded. An [[urban legend]] suggests that [[Joseph Stalin]] himself suggested the line when he placed a coffee cup on the original development map (with no ring) and then lifting it and leaving a circular stain around the centre of the city and said "It's your main fault, it should be built". It is thought this is the reason for the line's brown colour on all metro maps.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} In principle, the alignment of the ring was also debated, whether to use the [[Garden Ring]] avenue that encircles the centre or a wider circumference. In the end, it was decided to partially align the southern path along the Sadovoye Koltso, and let the northern part deviate to connect most of [[Moscow]]'s rail terminals. This solved a major logistical problem, because, due to the layout of Russia's railroads, it would be impossible to travel from a region on one side of Moscow to another without having to make a manual transfer from one terminal to another.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Construction began shortly after the end of the war. The first stage was opened in 1950 from [[Park Kultury (Koltsevaya line)|Park Kultury]] to [[Kurskaya (Koltsevaya line)|Kurskaya]]. In 1952, a second segment completed the northern deviation up to [[Belorusskaya (Koltsevaya line)|Belorusskaya]] and in 1954, the circumference was linked. The construction of the ring allowed for massive changes in the passenger flow patterns around Moscow and allowed a systematic development platform for many future lines. A total of seven radial lines began at the ring, four of which later linked up in the centre to become diameters. ===Timeline=== {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;" |- !Segment!!Date opened!!Length |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Park Kultury|5}} – {{stl|Moscow Metro|Kurskaya|5}} |1 January 1950 |6.5&nbsp;km |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Kurskaya|5}} – {{stl|Moscow Metro|Belorusskaya|5}} |30 January 1952 |7.0&nbsp;km |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Belorusskaya|5}} – {{stl|Moscow Metro|Park Kultury|5}} |14 March 1954 |5.9&nbsp;km |- ! colspan="2" |'''Total''' !'''19.4&nbsp;km''' |} ===Name changes=== {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;" |- !Station!!Previous name(s)!!Years |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Park Kultury|5}} |Tsentralnyi Park Kultury i Otdykha Imeni Gorkogo |1950–1980 |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Oktyabrskaya|5}} |Kaluzhskaya |1950–1961 |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Dobryninskaya}} |Serpukhovskaya |1950–1961 |- |{{stl|Moscow Metro|Prospekt Mira|5}} |Botanicheskiy Sad |1952–1966 |} ==Stations== The Koltsevaya line, unlike other lines of Moscow Metro, does not service any stations that belong to that line exclusively; rather, all its stations are transfer stations, linking to other lines, as shown below: {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width: 165px;" | Station Name ! rowspan=2 style="min-width: 320px;" | Transfers |- !English !Russian |- ! style="font-size:85%; border-top: 4pt #{{rail color|Moscow Metro|5}} solid; border-bottom: 4pt #{{rail color|Moscow Metro|5}} solid; background-color: #ffffff; text-align:center;" colspan=3 | ↑ Loop line towards {{stl|Moscow Metro|Park Kultury|5}} ↑ |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Kiyevskaya|5}} | Киевская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|3||Kiyevskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|4||Kiyevskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Rossiyskaya}} | Российская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|8||Dorogomilovskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Konyushkovskaya}} | Конюшковская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|15||Konyushkovskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|17||Konyushkovskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Krasnopresnenskaya}} | Краснопресненская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|7||Barrikadnaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Belorusskaya|5}} | Белорусская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|2||Belorusskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|D1}} {{MOSMETRO-bull|D4}} {{rws|Moscow Belorussky||Belorusskaya}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Novoslobodskaya}} | Новослободская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|9||Mendeleyevskaya|text=1}} |- bgcolor="lightgrey" | ''{{stl|Moscow Metro|Dostoevskaya}}'' | ''Достоевская'' | {{MOSMETRO-bull|10||Dostoevskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Prospekt Mira|5}} | Проспект Мира | {{MOSMETRO-bull|6||Prospekt Mira|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Komsomolskaya|5}} | Комсомольская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|1||Komsomolskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|D2}} {{MOSMETRO-bull|D4}} {{stl|MCD|Kalanchyovskaya}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Kurskaya|5}} | Курская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|3||Kurskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|10||Chkalovskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|D2}} {{MOSMETRO-bull|D4}} {{rws|Moscow Kursky||Kurskaya}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Nikoloyamskaya|5}} | Николоямская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|15||Nikoloyamskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Taganskaya|5}} | Таганская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|7||Taganskaya|text=1}}<br />{{MOSMETRO-bull|8||Marksistskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Paveletskaya|5}} | Павелецкая | {{MOSMETRO-bull|2||Paveletskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Dobryninskaya}} | Добрынинская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|9||Serpukhovskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Oktyabrskaya|5}} | Октябрьская | {{MOSMETRO-bull|6||Oktyabrskaya|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Devich'ye Pole|5}} | Девичье Поле | {{MOSMETRO-bull|17||Devich'ye Pole|text=1}} |- | {{stl|Moscow Metro|Park Kultury|5}} | Парк культуры | {{MOSMETRO-bull|1||Park Kultury|text=1}} |- ! style="font-size:85%; border-top: 4pt #{{rail color|Moscow Metro|5}} solid; border-bottom: 4pt #{{rail color|Moscow Metro|5}} solid; background-color: #ffffff; text-align:center;" colspan=3 | ↓ Loop line towards {{stl|Moscow Metro|Kiyevskaya|5}} ↓ |} ==Rolling stock== The line is serviced by the Krasnaya Presnya depot (No.4) and was the first one to adopt the [[81-717/714]] model trains in 1978. But replacement of those models by the [[81-740/741|81–740.4/81-741.4]], which started operating in revenue service on the line since early 2010, was completed by 1 December 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://old.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_1.php?id_page=56&cdate=12-2011&id_text=1724 |title=Московский Метрополитен / Пресс-служба / Новости |access-date=2011-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608224413/http://old.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_1.php?id_page=56&cdate=12-2011&id_text=1724 |archive-date=2012-06-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Four 81-717/714 trains from the Krasnaya Presnya depot in 2011—2018 were in service on Filevskaya line. In 2020, brand new trains entered service and by June 2021, they completely replaced the 81-740.4/741.4 on the line. Subway car types used on the line over the years: {|class=wikitable ! Type || Dates |- | Series G||1950 - 1983 |- | Series [[81-717/714]]||1978 - 2011 |- | Series [[81-740/741|81-740.4/741.4]]||2009 - 2021 |- | Series [[81-775/776/777]]||2020—present |} ==Recent developments and future plans== Today the line is one of busiest, and the ever-rising passenger flows during rush hours are noticeably felt as most of the stations are over half a century old. In 1998, a second entrance was opened at Belorusskaya and there are plans to equip Park Kultury and Komsomolskaya with similar ones. Many restoration works are carried out to improve the old line, recently [[Novoslobodskaya]] had major restoration work carried out, including replacement of lighting and retouching on the stained glass masterpieces by [[Pavel Korin]]. The vestibule of [[Taganskaya (Koltsevaya line)|Taganskaya]] was closed in 2005 to replace old escalators and upgrade with new turnstiles and also cosmetically renovate it, this was re-opened in 2006, and shortly afterwards [[Dobryninskaya]] followed suit for a similar upgrade. Despite the fact that when opened, there were six stations left for future transfer provisions, this turned out to be too small for the growing system. Metro planned two additional stations on the line [[Suvorovskaya (Moscow Metro)|Suvorovskaya]], which connect to the [[Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line]] and Rossiyskaya, which would connect to the [[Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line]]. Some preliminary work had been performed on Suvorovskaya. In 2017, Metro terminated plans for both stations. A manager for the system indicated that the stations were unlikely to be completed as they were too technically complex, too long, and too costly to compete. Consequently, Vasiliev stated that the station was unlikely to be built.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://realty.interfax.ru/ru/experts/interviews/79538/ |title=Строительство новых станций в центре Москвы экономически нецелесообразно |publisher=Interfax |date=2017-03-22}}</ref> On August 19, 2019, works on Suvorovskaya station construction site resumed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVAn96DcYyI | title=Строительство станции Суворовская возобновлено |date=2019-08-19}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Attached KML |display=title,inline}} * [http://metro-photo.ru/category:Koltsevaya_line_of_the_Moscow_Metro Photos of the Koltcevaya line] on Virtual photogallery Metro (RU) {{Commons|Koltsevaya Line|Koltsevaya Line}} {{Moscow Metro Lines}} {{Moscow Metro|line5=yes}} [[Category:Moscow Metro lines]] [[Category:Railway loop lines]] [[Category:Railway lines opened in 1950]] [[Category:1950 establishments in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Koltsevaya Line| ]]'