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{{Infobox artist
| name = Audrey Flack
| image = Audrey Flack.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1931|05|30}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place=
| resting_place_coordinates =
| field = Painting, Sculpture
| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
| movement = [[Photorealism]]
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| spouse = H.Robert Marcus
| website = http://www.audreyflack.com
}}
'''Audrey Flack''' (born May 30, 1931) is an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
Flack has numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she has a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.
Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack is an Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].
==Early life and education==
Flack attended New York's [[High School of Music & Art]].<ref>[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 "Oral history interview with Audrey Flack,"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003139/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 |date=November 4, 2016 }} Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (2009 Feb. 16).</ref> She studied fine arts in New York from 1948 to 1953, studying under [[Josef Albers]] among others.<ref name=AAA>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952-2008|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|work=Archives of American Art|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City, and a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] from [[Yale University]]. She studied art history at the [[Institute of Fine Arts]], [[New York University]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|work=Audrey Flack|publisher=audreyflack.com|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801112554/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Career==
[[Image:Flack BananaSplitSundae MIA P866211 small.jpg|thumb|250px|Audrey Flack, ''Banana Split Sundae'', 1981. [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]]]]
Flack's early work in the 1950s was abstract expressionist; one such painting paid tribute to [[Franz Kline]]. The ironic [[kitsch]] themes in her early work influenced [[Jeff Koons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|title=From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack|last=arts|first=Women in the|date=2010-05-19|website=Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044317/https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> But gradually, Flack became a [[Nouveau réalisme|New Realist]] and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|last=Gaze|first=Delia|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1997|isbn=1-884964-21-4|location=Chicago, IL|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526 526]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526}}</ref> She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in 1966.<ref name=JVL>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack Biography|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece [[Marilyn (Vanitas)|Marilyn]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil| work = The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts| access-date = 2018-01-11| url = http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil}}</ref>
The critic Graham Thompson wrote,
"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or [[Hyperrealism (painting)|hyper-realism]] and painters like [[Richard Estes]], [[Denis Peterson]], Flack, and [[Chuck Close]] often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<ref>Thompson, Graham: ''American Culture in the 1980s'' (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</ref>
Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She describes this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
Flack has claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and now gains much of her inspiration from [[Baroque]] art.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}
Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]],<ref name="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Queen |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/263887 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[The Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="Museum of Modern Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |website=Museum of Modern Art |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]],<ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://whitney.org/artists/436 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]],<ref name="Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College">{{cite web |title=Strawberry Tart Supreme |url=https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |website=Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/audrey-flack-1570 |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[National Gallery of Australia]] in [[Canberra, Australia]].<ref name="National Gallery of Australia">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack - Jolie madame [Pretty woman] |url=https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |website=National Gallery of Australia |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1986 Flack published ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.<ref name="Flack1986">{{cite book|author=Flack, Audrey.|title=Art & Soul: Notes on Creating|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JPAAAAMAAJ|access-date=9 April 2013|date=1 October 1986|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24443-1}}</ref>
Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster [[Some Living American Women Artists (collage)|Some Living American Women Artists]] by [[Mary Beth Edelson]].<ref name="SAAM">{{cite web |title=Some Living American Women Artists/Last Supper |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/some-living-american-women-artistslast-supper-76377 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>
In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition ''[[Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970]]'' at the [[Whitechapel Gallery]] in London.<ref name="Whitechapel Gallery">{{cite web |title=Action, Gesture, Paint |url=https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/action-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70/ |website=Whitechapel Gallery |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
==Photorealism==
Audrey Flack is best known for her photo-realist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.<ref name=":0" /> The genre, taking its cues from Pop Art, incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.<ref name=":0" /> These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brings in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as ''World War II' (Vanitas)'' and ''Kennedy Motorcade.'' Women were frequently the subject of her photo-realist paintings.<ref name=":0" />
==Sculpture==
[[File:NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Sculpture by Audrey Flack in [[New Orleans]].]]
[[File:Lisbon (10206158946).jpg|thumb|right|Statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in Lisbon — scale model for a much larger one planned for [[Borough of Queens|Queens NYC]], never built.]]
Audrey Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known Photorealist paintings. In ''The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack'',<ref name="American Art">{{cite journal |last1=Brigham |first1=David R. |last2=Flack |first2=Audrey |title=The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |journal=American Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |pages=2–21 |date=1994|volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1086/424205 |jstor=3109159 |s2cid=194094910 }}</ref> Flack discusses the fact that she is self-taught in sculpture. She incorporates religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack describes them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"<ref name=":0" />
In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in whose honor the [[borough of Queens]] is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the East River shore in the Hunters Point area of Long Island City, across from the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|title=Catherine of Queens?|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=1992-07-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the [[Transatlantic Slave Trade]]. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking a Revolutionary War battleground.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|title=The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=1998-01-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|title=The Statue That Never Was|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2017-11-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==Further reading==
*Baskind, Samantha, ''Audrey Flack: Force of Nature, 1949-1956'', exhibition catalog (New York: Hollis Taggart, 2022).
* Baskind, Samantha, ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/847245951 Jewish Artists and the Bible in Twentieth-Century America],''Philadelphia, PA, Penn State University Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-0-271-05983-9}}
*Baskind, Samantha, “’Everybody thought I was Catholic’: Audrey Flack’s Jewish Identity,” ''American Art'' 23, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 104-115.
*Flack, Audrey, ''With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, A Memoir'' (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).
* Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24431345 ''Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950-1990'']. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
*Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).
* Flack, Audrey, ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', New York, Dutton, 1986, {{ISBN|0-525-24443-3}}
*Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: On Painting'', with an essay by Ann Sutherland Harris (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981).
*Flack, Audrey, “On Carlo Crivelli,” ''Art Magazine'' 55 (1981): 92-95.
*Flack, Audrey, “The Haunting Images of Louisa Roldan,” ''Helicon Nine: A Journal of Women’s Arts and Letters'' (1979).
*Flack, Audrey, “Louisa Ignacia Roldan,” ''Women’s Studies'' 6 (1978): 23-33.
*Malone, Peter, “Learning from an Artist’s Early Experiments with AbEx,” [https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/ ''Hyperallergic''] (May 28, 2013).
* Mattison, Robert S., ''[http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack Audrey Flack: The Abstract Expressionist Years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528030520/http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack |date=2017-05-28 }},'' New York, Hollis Taggart Galleries, 2015, {{ISBN|978-0-988-91397-4}}.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.audreyflack.com}}
* https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/
*[https://archive.today/20050422070443/http://cda.morris.umn.edu/~lamberts/audreyflack/index.html "Audrey Flack: Breaking the Rules"]
*[http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/flack-audrey-l Audrey Flack in the Indianapolis Museum of Art]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110806044339/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/ngv-collection/artist-a-z?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cubmd2LnZpYy5nb3YuYXUlMkZjb2xhcHAlMkZwdWIlMkZhcnRpc3RzJTJGOTYxJTJGZGV0YWlscyZhbGw9MQ%3D%3D Audrey Flack in National Gallery of Victoria]
*[http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/exhibitions/past/exhibit/2867/ Audrey Flack exhibition, the Guggenheim Museum]
*[http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2011/03/my-portrait-of-anwar-sadat.html My Portrait of Anwar Sadat] by Audrey Flack, Archives of American Art Blog, Smithsonian Institution
*[https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 Oral history interview with Audrey Flack, 2009 Feb. 16], [[Archives of American Art]], Smithsonian Institution
*[http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/audrey-flack Audrey Flack Biography: Hollis Taggart Galleries]
{{Feminist art movement in the United States}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flack, Audrey}}
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:American feminist artists]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania staff]]
[[Category:Painters from New York (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century American women painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American women painters]]
[[Category:American women printmakers]]
[[Category:20th-century American printmakers]]
[[Category:The High School of Music & Art alumni]]
[[Category:Photorealist artists]]
[[Category:Sculptors from New York (state)]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|American artist (1931-June 28, 2024)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Audrey Flack
| image = Audrey Flack.JPG
| image_size =
| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|30}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date|2024|06|28}}
| death_place = [[Southampton, NY]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| field = Painting, Sculpture
| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
| movement = [[Photorealism]]
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| spouse = H.Robert Marcus
| website = http://www.audreyflack.com
}}
'''Audrey Flack''' (May 30, 1931 - June 28, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>) was an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.
Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack wasan Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].
==Early life and education==
Flack attended New York's [[High School of Music & Art]].<ref>[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 "Oral history interview with Audrey Flack,"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003139/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 |date=November 4, 2016 }} Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (2009 Feb. 16).</ref> She studied fine arts in New York from 1948 to 1953, studying under [[Josef Albers]] among others.<ref name=AAA>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952-2008|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|work=Archives of American Art|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City, and a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] from [[Yale University]]. She studied art history at the [[Institute of Fine Arts]], [[New York University]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|work=Audrey Flack|publisher=audreyflack.com|access-date=9 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801112554/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Career==
[[Image:Flack BananaSplitSundae MIA P866211 small.jpg|thumb|250px|Audrey Flack, ''Banana Split Sundae'', 1981. [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]]]]
Flack's early work in the 1950s was abstract expressionist; one such painting paid tribute to [[Franz Kline]]. The ironic [[kitsch]] themes in her early work influenced [[Jeff Koons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|title=From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack|last=arts|first=Women in the|date=2010-05-19|website=Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044317/https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> But gradually, Flack became a [[Nouveau réalisme|New Realist]] and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|last=Gaze|first=Delia|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1997|isbn=1-884964-21-4|location=Chicago, IL|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526 526]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526}}</ref> She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in 1966.<ref name=JVL>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack Biography|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece [[Marilyn (Vanitas)|Marilyn]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil| work = The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts| access-date = 2018-01-11| url = http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil}}</ref>
The critic Graham Thompson wrote,
"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or [[Hyperrealism (painting)|hyper-realism]] and painters like [[Richard Estes]], [[Denis Peterson]], Flack, and [[Chuck Close]] often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<ref>Thompson, Graham: ''American Culture in the 1980s'' (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</ref>
Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
Flack has claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and now gains much of her inspiration from [[Baroque]] art.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}
Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]],<ref name="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Queen |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/263887 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[The Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="Museum of Modern Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |website=Museum of Modern Art |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]],<ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://whitney.org/artists/436 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]],<ref name="Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College">{{cite web |title=Strawberry Tart Supreme |url=https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |website=Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/audrey-flack-1570 |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[National Gallery of Australia]] in [[Canberra, Australia]].<ref name="National Gallery of Australia">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack - Jolie madame [Pretty woman] |url=https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |website=National Gallery of Australia |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1986 Flack published ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.<ref name="Flack1986">{{cite book|author=Flack, Audrey.|title=Art & Soul: Notes on Creating|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JPAAAAMAAJ|access-date=9 April 2013|date=1 October 1986|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24443-1}}</ref>
Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster [[Some Living American Women Artists (collage)|Some Living American Women Artists]] by [[Mary Beth Edelson]].<ref name="SAAM">{{cite web |title=Some Living American Women Artists/Last Supper |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/some-living-american-women-artistslast-supper-76377 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>
In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition ''[[Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970]]'' at the [[Whitechapel Gallery]] in London.<ref name="Whitechapel Gallery">{{cite web |title=Action, Gesture, Paint |url=https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/action-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70/ |website=Whitechapel Gallery |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
==Photorealism==
Audrey Flack is best known for her photo-realist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.<ref name=":0" /> The genre, taking its cues from Pop Art, incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.<ref name=":0" /> These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brings in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as ''World War II' (Vanitas)'' and ''Kennedy Motorcade.'' Women were frequently the subject of her photo-realist paintings.<ref name=":0" />
==Sculpture==
[[File:NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Sculpture by Audrey Flack in [[New Orleans]].]]
[[File:Lisbon (10206158946).jpg|thumb|right|Statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in Lisbon — scale model for a much larger one planned for [[Borough of Queens|Queens NYC]], never built.]]
Audrey Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known Photorealist paintings. In ''The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack'',<ref name="American Art">{{cite journal |last1=Brigham |first1=David R. |last2=Flack |first2=Audrey |title=The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |journal=American Art |access-date=19 April 2023 |pages=2–21 |date=1994|volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1086/424205 |jstor=3109159 |s2cid=194094910 }}</ref> Flack discusses the fact that she is self-taught in sculpture. She incorporates religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack describes them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"<ref name=":0" />
In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in whose honor the [[borough of Queens]] is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the East River shore in the Hunters Point area of Long Island City, across from the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|title=Catherine of Queens?|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=1992-07-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the [[Transatlantic Slave Trade]]. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking a Revolutionary War battleground.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|title=The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=1998-01-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|title=The Statue That Never Was|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2017-11-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Death ==
Audrey Flack died on June 28th in Southampton, New York. She is preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus, and leaves behind two daughters, Hannah and Melissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Further reading==
*Baskind, Samantha, ''Audrey Flack: Force of Nature, 1949-1956'', exhibition catalog (New York: Hollis Taggart, 2022).
* Baskind, Samantha, ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/847245951 Jewish Artists and the Bible in Twentieth-Century America],''Philadelphia, PA, Penn State University Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-0-271-05983-9}}
*Baskind, Samantha, “’Everybody thought I was Catholic’: Audrey Flack’s Jewish Identity,” ''American Art'' 23, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 104-115.
*Flack, Audrey, ''With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, A Memoir'' (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).
* Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24431345 ''Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950-1990'']. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.
*Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).
* Flack, Audrey, ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', New York, Dutton, 1986, {{ISBN|0-525-24443-3}}
*Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: On Painting'', with an essay by Ann Sutherland Harris (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981).
*Flack, Audrey, “On Carlo Crivelli,” ''Art Magazine'' 55 (1981): 92-95.
*Flack, Audrey, “The Haunting Images of Louisa Roldan,” ''Helicon Nine: A Journal of Women’s Arts and Letters'' (1979).
*Flack, Audrey, “Louisa Ignacia Roldan,” ''Women’s Studies'' 6 (1978): 23-33.
*Malone, Peter, “Learning from an Artist’s Early Experiments with AbEx,” [https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/ ''Hyperallergic''] (May 28, 2013).
* Mattison, Robert S., ''[http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack Audrey Flack: The Abstract Expressionist Years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528030520/http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack |date=2017-05-28 }},'' New York, Hollis Taggart Galleries, 2015, {{ISBN|978-0-988-91397-4}}.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.audreyflack.com}}
* https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/
*[https://archive.today/20050422070443/http://cda.morris.umn.edu/~lamberts/audreyflack/index.html "Audrey Flack: Breaking the Rules"]
*[http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/flack-audrey-l Audrey Flack in the Indianapolis Museum of Art]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110806044339/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/ngv-collection/artist-a-z?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cubmd2LnZpYy5nb3YuYXUlMkZjb2xhcHAlMkZwdWIlMkZhcnRpc3RzJTJGOTYxJTJGZGV0YWlscyZhbGw9MQ%3D%3D Audrey Flack in National Gallery of Victoria]
*[http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/exhibitions/past/exhibit/2867/ Audrey Flack exhibition, the Guggenheim Museum]
*[http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2011/03/my-portrait-of-anwar-sadat.html My Portrait of Anwar Sadat] by Audrey Flack, Archives of American Art Blog, Smithsonian Institution
*[https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 Oral history interview with Audrey Flack, 2009 Feb. 16], [[Archives of American Art]], Smithsonian Institution
*[http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/audrey-flack Audrey Flack Biography: Hollis Taggart Galleries]
{{Feminist art movement in the United States}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Flack, Audrey}}
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:American feminist artists]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania staff]]
[[Category:Painters from New York (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century American women painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American women painters]]
[[Category:American women printmakers]]
[[Category:20th-century American printmakers]]
[[Category:The High School of Music & Art alumni]]
[[Category:Photorealist artists]]
[[Category:Sculptors from New York (state)]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
-{{Short description|American artist (born 1931)}}
+{{Short description|American artist (1931-June 28, 2024)}}
{{Infobox artist
-| name = Audrey Flack
-| image = Audrey Flack.JPG
-| image_size =
-| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
-| birth_name =
-| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1931|05|30}}
-| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
-| death_date =
-| death_place =
-| resting_place=
-| resting_place_coordinates =
-| field = Painting, Sculpture
-| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
-| movement = [[Photorealism]]
-| works =
-| patrons =
-| awards =
-| spouse = H.Robert Marcus
-| website = http://www.audreyflack.com
+| name = Audrey Flack
+| image = Audrey Flack.JPG
+| image_size =
+| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
+| birth_name =
+| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|30}}
+| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
+| death_date = {{death date|2024|06|28}}
+| death_place = [[Southampton, NY]]
+| resting_place =
+| resting_place_coordinates =
+| field = Painting, Sculpture
+| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
+| movement = [[Photorealism]]
+| works =
+| patrons =
+| awards =
+| spouse = H.Robert Marcus
+| website = http://www.audreyflack.com
}}
-'''Audrey Flack''' (born May 30, 1931) is an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
+'''Audrey Flack''' (May 30, 1931 - June 28, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>) was an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
-Flack has numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she has a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.
+Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.
-Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack is an Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].
+Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack wasan Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].
==Early life and education==
@@ -38,5 +38,5 @@
"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or [[Hyperrealism (painting)|hyper-realism]] and painters like [[Richard Estes]], [[Denis Peterson]], Flack, and [[Chuck Close]] often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<ref>Thompson, Graham: ''American Culture in the 1980s'' (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</ref>
-Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She describes this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
+Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
Flack has claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and now gains much of her inspiration from [[Baroque]] art.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}
@@ -59,4 +59,7 @@
In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in whose honor the [[borough of Queens]] is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the East River shore in the Hunters Point area of Long Island City, across from the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|title=Catherine of Queens?|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=1992-07-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the [[Transatlantic Slave Trade]]. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking a Revolutionary War battleground.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|title=The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=1998-01-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|title=The Statue That Never Was|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2017-11-09|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
+
+== Death ==
+Audrey Flack died on June 28th in Southampton, New York. She is preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus, and leaves behind two daughters, Hannah and Melissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Further reading==
' |
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Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|American artist (1931-June 28, 2024)}}',
1 => '| name = Audrey Flack',
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3 => '| image_size = ',
4 => '| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]',
5 => '| birth_name = ',
6 => '| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|30}}',
7 => '| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.',
8 => '| death_date = {{death date|2024|06|28}}',
9 => '| death_place = [[Southampton, NY]]',
10 => '| resting_place = ',
11 => '| resting_place_coordinates = ',
12 => '| field = Painting, Sculpture',
13 => '| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]',
14 => '| movement = [[Photorealism]]',
15 => '| works = ',
16 => '| patrons = ',
17 => '| awards = ',
18 => '| spouse = H.Robert Marcus',
19 => '| website = http://www.audreyflack.com',
20 => ''''Audrey Flack''' (May 30, 1931 - June 28, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>) was an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.',
21 => 'Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.',
22 => 'Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack wasan Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].',
23 => 'Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />',
24 => '',
25 => '== Death ==',
26 => 'Audrey Flack died on June 28th in Southampton, New York. She is preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus, and leaves behind two daughters, Hannah and Melissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref>'
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0 => '{{Short description|American artist (born 1931)}}',
1 => '| name = Audrey Flack',
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4 => '| caption = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]',
5 => '| birth_name = ',
6 => '| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1931|05|30}}',
7 => '| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.',
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12 => '| field = Painting, Sculpture',
13 => '| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br /> [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]',
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20 => ''''Audrey Flack''' (born May 30, 1931) is an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.',
21 => 'Flack has numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she has a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she also gave a commencement address.',
22 => 'Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Audrey Flack is an Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].',
23 => 'Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She describes this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American artist (1931-June 28, 2024)</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1229112069">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn">Audrey Flack</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Audrey_Flack.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Audrey_Flack.JPG/220px-Audrey_Flack.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Audrey_Flack.JPG/330px-Audrey_Flack.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Audrey_Flack.JPG/440px-Audrey_Flack.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist's signature on <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Statue_of_Catherine_of_Braganza_in_Lisbon" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon">bronze</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-05-30</span>)</span>May 30, 1931<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">2024-06-28</span>)</span>June 28, 2024<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southampton,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton, NY">Southampton, NY</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_High_School_of_Music_%26_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The High School of Music & Art">The High School of Music & Art</a><br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_University_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="New York University Institute of Fine Arts">New York University Institute of Fine Arts</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting, Sculpture</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">H.Robert Marcus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.audreyflack.com">http://www.audreyflack.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Audrey Flack</b> (May 30, 1931 - June 28, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>) was an American artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">photorealism</a> and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
</p><p>Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Honorary_doctorate_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate degree">honorary doctorate degree</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a> in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> and attended <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_University_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="New York University Institute of Fine Arts">New York University Institute of Fine Arts</a> where she studied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Doctor of Fine Arts">Doctor of Fine Arts</a> degree from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clark_University" title="Clark University">Clark University</a>, where she also gave a commencement address.
</p><p>Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum</a>. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._B._Speed_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. Speed Art Museum">J. B. Speed Art Museum</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Audrey Flack wasan Honorary Vice President of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Artists" title="National Association of Women Artists">National Association of Women Artists</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Photorealism"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Photorealism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sculpture"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sculpture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Flack attended New York's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_School_of_Music_%26_Art" title="High School of Music & Art">High School of Music & Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> She studied fine arts in New York from 1948 to 1953, studying under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Josef Albers</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-AAA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAA-4">[4]</a></sup> She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a> in New York City, and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Bachelor of Fine Arts">Bachelor of Fine Arts</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. She studied art history at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Institute_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Fine Arts">Institute of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-5">[5]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flack_BananaSplitSundae_MIA_P866211_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Flack_BananaSplitSundae_MIA_P866211_small.jpg/250px-Flack_BananaSplitSundae_MIA_P866211_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/a/af/Flack_BananaSplitSundae_MIA_P866211_small.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>Audrey Flack, <i>Banana Split Sundae</i>, 1981. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis Institute of Art</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Flack's early work in the 1950s was abstract expressionist; one such painting paid tribute to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franz_Kline" title="Franz Kline">Franz Kline</a>. The ironic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">kitsch</a> themes in her early work influenced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Koons" title="Jeff Koons">Jeff Koons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> But gradually, Flack became a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">New Realist</a> and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup> She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-JVL_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL-8">[8]</a></sup> Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_(Vanitas)" title="Marilyn (Vanitas)">Marilyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>The critic Graham Thompson wrote,
"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyperrealism_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperrealism (painting)">hyper-realism</a> and painters like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Estes" title="Richard Estes">Richard Estes</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denis_Peterson" title="Denis Peterson">Denis Peterson</a>, Flack, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a> often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Art critic <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_C._Morgan" title="Robert C. Morgan">Robert C. Morgan</a> writes in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Rail" title="The Brooklyn Rail">The Brooklyn Rail</a></i> about Flack's 2010 exhibition at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a> Project Space, <i>Audrey Flack Paints a Picture</i>, "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<sup id="cite_ref-Flack1986_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flack1986-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Flack has claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and now gains much of her inspiration from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> art.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art-13">[13]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Museum_of_Modern_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Museum of Modern Art">The Museum of Modern Art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_of_Modern_Art_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum_of_Modern_Art-14">[14]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art-15">[15]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum" title="Allen Memorial Art Museum">Allen Memorial Art Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum,_Oberlin_College_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum,_Oberlin_College-16">[16]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canberra,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canberra, Australia">Canberra, Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Gallery_of_Australia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Gallery_of_Australia-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1986 Flack published <i>Art & Soul: Notes on Creating</i>, a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.<sup id="cite_ref-Flack1986_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flack1986-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Some_Living_American_Women_Artists_(collage)" title="Some Living American Women Artists (collage)">Some Living American Women Artists</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Beth_Edelson" title="Mary Beth Edelson">Mary Beth Edelson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAAM_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAAM-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Action,_Gesture,_Paint:_Women_Artists_and_Global_Abstraction_1940-1970" title="Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970">Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970</a></i> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitechapel_Gallery" title="Whitechapel Gallery">Whitechapel Gallery</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitechapel_Gallery_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitechapel_Gallery-20">[20]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Photorealism">Photorealism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Photorealism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Audrey Flack is best known for her photo-realist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup> The genre, taking its cues from Pop Art, incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup> These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brings in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as <i>World War II' (Vanitas)</i> and <i>Kennedy Motorcade.</i> Women were frequently the subject of her photo-realist paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sculpture">Sculpture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg/170px-NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg/255px-NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg/340px-NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture by Audrey Flack in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lisbon_(10206158946).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg/220px-Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg/330px-Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg/440px-Lisbon_%2810206158946%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>, in Lisbon — scale model for a much larger one planned for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Queens">Queens NYC</a>, never built.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Audrey Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known Photorealist paintings. In <i>The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-American_Art_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Art-21">[21]</a></sup> Flack discusses the fact that she is self-taught in sculpture. She incorporates religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack describes them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>, in whose honor the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Queens">borough of Queens</a> is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the East River shore in the Hunters Point area of Long Island City, across from the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transatlantic_Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Transatlantic Slave Trade">Transatlantic Slave Trade</a>. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking a Revolutionary War battleground.)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Audrey Flack died on June 28th in Southampton, New York. She is preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus, and leaves behind two daughters, Hannah and Melissa.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Baskind, Samantha, <i>Audrey Flack: Force of Nature, 1949-1956</i>, exhibition catalog (New York: Hollis Taggart, 2022).</li>
<li>Baskind, Samantha, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/847245951">Jewish Artists and the Bible in Twentieth-Century America</a>,</i>Philadelphia, PA, Penn State University Press, 2014, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-05983-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-05983-9">978-0-271-05983-9</a></li>
<li>Baskind, Samantha, “’Everybody thought I was Catholic’: Audrey Flack’s Jewish Identity,” <i>American Art</i> 23, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 104-115.</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, <i>With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, A Memoir</i> (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24431345"><i>Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950-1990</i></a>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992.</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, <i>Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse</i> (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, <i>Art & Soul: Notes on Creating</i>, New York, Dutton, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-525-24443-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-525-24443-3">0-525-24443-3</a></li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, <i>Audrey Flack: On Painting</i>, with an essay by Ann Sutherland Harris (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981).</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, “On Carlo Crivelli,” <i>Art Magazine</i> 55 (1981): 92-95.</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, “The Haunting Images of Louisa Roldan,” <i>Helicon Nine: A Journal of Women’s Arts and Letters</i> (1979).</li>
<li>Flack, Audrey, “Louisa Ignacia Roldan,” <i>Women’s Studies</i> 6 (1978): 23-33.</li>
<li>Malone, Peter, “Learning from an Artist’s Early Experiments with AbEx,” <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/"><i>Hyperallergic</i></a> (May 28, 2013).</li>
<li>Mattison, Robert S., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack">Audrey Flack: The Abstract Expressionist Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170528030520/http://www.hollistaggart.com/publications/audrey-flack">Archived</a> 2017-05-28 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,</i> New York, Hollis Taggart Galleries, 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-988-91397-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-988-91397-4">978-0-988-91397-4</a>.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/">"Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024)"</a>. <i>Louis K. Meisel Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Louis+K.+Meisel+Gallery&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack%3A+In+Memoriam+%281931-2024%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meiselgallery.com%2Fexhibition%2Faudrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMeisel" class="citation web cs1">Meisel, Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio">"Biography of Audrey Flack"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio">the original</a> on 2008-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Audrey+Flack&rft.aulast=Meisel&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faudreyflack.com%2Faf%2Findex.php%3Fname%3Dbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653">"Oral history interview with Audrey Flack,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003139/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653">Archived</a> November 4, 2016, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (2009 Feb. 16).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AAA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666">"Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952-2008"</a>. <i>Archives of American Art</i>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+American+Art&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+papers%2C+circa+1952-2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaa.si.edu%2Fcollections%2Faudrey-flack-papers-15666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801112554/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio">"Biography"</a>. <i>Audrey Flack</i>. audreyflack.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio">the original</a> on 2012-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Audrey+Flack&rft.atitle=Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audreyflack.com%2FAF%2Findex.php%3Fname%3Dbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFarts2010" class="citation web cs1">arts, Women in the (2010-05-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044317/https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/">"From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack"</a>. <i>Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/">the original</a> on 2019-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broad+Strokes%3A+The+National+Museum+of+Women+in+the+Arts%27+Blog&rft.atitle=From+NMWA%27s+Vault%3A+Audrey+Flack&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.aulast=arts&rft.aufirst=Women+in+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.nmwa.org%2F2010%2F05%2F19%2Ffrom-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGaze1997" class="citation book cs1">Gaze, Delia (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526"><i>Dictionary of Women Artists</i></a></span>. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526">526</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-21-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-21-4"><bdi>1-884964-21-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Women+Artists&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pages=526&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-884964-21-4&rft.aulast=Gaze&rft.aufirst=Delia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofwome01gaze%2Fpage%2F526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JVL-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JVL_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html">"Audrey Flack Biography"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fbiography%2FFlack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil">"Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil"</a>. <i>The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Arizona+Museum+of+Art+and+Archive+of+Visual+Arts&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack%27s+Marilyn%3A+Still+Life%2C+Vanitas%2C+Trompe+l%27Oeil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartmuseum.arizona.edu%2Fevents%2Fevent%2Faudrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Graham: <i>American Culture in the 1980s</i> (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2010" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Robert C. (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting">"Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Rail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Rail&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+and+the+Revolution+of+Still+Life+Painting&rft.date=2010-11&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrooklynrail.org%2F2010%2F11%2Fartseen%2Faudrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Flack1986-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flack1986_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flack1986_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFlack,_Audrey.1986" class="citation book cs1">Flack, Audrey. (1 October 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Art & Soul: Notes on Creating</i></a>. Dutton. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24443-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24443-1"><bdi>978-0-525-24443-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+%26+Soul%3A+Notes+on+Creating&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-525-24443-1&rft.au=Flack%2C+Audrey.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm2JPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/263887">"Audrey Flack | Queen"</a>. <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+%7C+Queen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F263887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Museum_of_Modern_Art-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museum_of_Modern_Art_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/1905">"Audrey Flack"</a>. <i>Museum of Modern Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fartists%2F1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitney.org/artists/436">"Audrey Flack"</a>. <i>Whitney Museum of American Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitney+Museum+of+American+Art&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitney.org%2Fartists%2F436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum,_Oberlin_College-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_Memorial_Art_Museum,_Oberlin_College_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6">"Strawberry Tart Supreme"</a>. <i>Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allen+Memorial+Art+Museum%2C+Oberlin+College&rft.atitle=Strawberry+Tart+Supreme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallenartcollection.oberlin.edu%2Fobjects%2F13076%2Fstrawberry-tart-supreme%3Fctx%3D7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d%26idx%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/artist/audrey-flack-1570">"Audrey Flack | Smithsonian American Art Museum"</a>. <i>americanart.si.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanart.si.edu&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+%7C+Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fartist%2Faudrey-flack-1570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-National_Gallery_of_Australia-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_Gallery_of_Australia_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375">"Audrey Flack - Jolie madame [Pretty woman]"</a>. <i>National Gallery of Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack+-+Jolie+madame+%5BPretty+woman%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearchthecollection.nga.gov.au%2Fobject%2F111375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SAAM-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAAM_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/some-living-american-women-artistslast-supper-76377">"Some Living American Women Artists/Last Supper"</a>. <i>Smithsonian American Art Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft.atitle=Some+Living+American+Women+Artists%2FLast+Supper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fartwork%2Fsome-living-american-women-artistslast-supper-76377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitechapel_Gallery-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitechapel_Gallery_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/action-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70/">"Action, Gesture, Paint"</a>. <i>Whitechapel Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitechapel+Gallery&rft.atitle=Action%2C+Gesture%2C+Paint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitechapelgallery.org%2Fexhibitions%2Faction-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-American_Art-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-American_Art_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBrighamFlack1994" class="citation journal cs1">Brigham, David R.; Flack, Audrey (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159">"The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack"</a>. <i>American Art</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 2–21. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F424205">10.1086/424205</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159">3109159</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194094910">194094910</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Art&rft.atitle=The+New+Civic+Art%3A+An+Interview+with+Audrey+Flack&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-21&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194094910%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3109159%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F424205&rft.aulast=Brigham&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Flack%2C+Audrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3109159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFried1992" class="citation news cs1">Fried, Joseph P. (1992-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html">"Catherine of Queens?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Catherine+of+Queens%3F&rft.date=1992-07-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F07%2F26%2Fnyregion%2Fcatherine-of-queens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBearak1998" class="citation news cs1">Bearak, Barry (1998-01-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html">"The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Queen+of+Ethnic+Nightmares%3B+Cultural+Politics+Mires+Statue+of+Borough%27s+Namesake&rft.date=1998-01-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bearak&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F01%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fqueen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKilgannon2017" class="citation news cs1">Kilgannon, Corey (2017-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html">"The Statue That Never Was"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Statue+That+Never+Was&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kilgannon&rft.aufirst=Corey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fthe-statue-that-never-was.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/">"Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931-2024)"</a>. <i>Louis K. Meisel Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Louis+K.+Meisel+Gallery&rft.atitle=Audrey+Flack%3A+In+Memoriam+%281931-2024%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meiselgallery.com%2Fexhibition%2Faudrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudrey+Flack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Flack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audreyflack.com">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050422070443/http://cda.morris.umn.edu/~lamberts/audreyflack/index.html">"Audrey Flack: Breaking the Rules"</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/flack-audrey-l">Audrey Flack in the Indianapolis Museum of Art</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806044339/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/ngv-collection/artist-a-z?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cubmd2LnZpYy5nb3YuYXUlMkZjb2xhcHAlMkZwdWIlMkZhcnRpc3RzJTJGOTYxJTJGZGV0YWlscyZhbGw9MQ%3D%3D">Audrey Flack in National Gallery of Victoria</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/exhibitions/past/exhibit/2867/">Audrey Flack exhibition, the Guggenheim Museum</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2011/03/my-portrait-of-anwar-sadat.html">My Portrait of Anwar Sadat</a> by Audrey Flack, Archives of American Art Blog, Smithsonian Institution</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653">Oral history interview with Audrey Flack, 2009 Feb. 16</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archives_of_American_Art" title="Archives of American Art">Archives of American Art</a>, Smithsonian Institution</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollistaggart.com/artists/audrey-flack">Audrey Flack Biography: Hollis Taggart Galleries</a></li></ul>
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href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">Feminist art movement in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Feminist art</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_artists" title="Women artists">Women artists</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women" title="American Association of University Women">American Association of University Women</a> (1881)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Artists" title="National Association of Women Artists">National Association of Women Artists</a> (1889)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_School_of_Applied_Design_for_Women" title="New York School of Applied Design for Women">New York School of Applied Design for Women</a> (1892)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues or organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A.I.R._Gallery" title="A.I.R. Gallery">A.I.R. Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_A._Sackler_Center_for_Feminist_Art" title="Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art">Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_Art_Coalition" title="Feminist Art Coalition">Feminist Art Coalition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hera_Gallery" title="Hera Gallery">Hera Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lesbian_Art_Project" title="Lesbian Art Project">Lesbian Art Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Feminist_Art_Institute" title="New York Feminist Art Institute">New York Feminist Art Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soho20_Chelsea" title="Soho20 Chelsea">SOHO20 Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TART_Collective" title="TART Collective">tArt Collective</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Women%27s_Art_Center" title="Washington Women's Art Center">Washington Women's Art Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_Artists_in_Revolution" title="Women Artists in Revolution">Women Artists in Revolution</a> (WAR)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Art_Resources_of_Minnesota" title="Women's Art Resources of Minnesota">Women's Art Resources of Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woman%27s_Building_(Los_Angeles)" title="Woman's Building (Los Angeles)">Woman's Building (Los Angeles)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Women%27s_Building_(San_Francisco)" title="The Women's Building (San Francisco)">The Women's Building (San Francisco)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Interart_Center" title="Women's Interart Center">Women's Interart Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Studio_Workshop" title="Women's Studio Workshop">Women's Studio Workshop</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exhibitions or installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Womanhouse" title="Womanhouse">Womanhouse</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three_Weeks_in_May" title="Three Weeks in May">Three Weeks in May</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sister_Chapel" title="Sister Chapel">The Sister Chapel</a></i> (1974–1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Dinner_Party" title="The Dinner Party">The Dinner Party</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WACK!_Art_and_the_Feminist_Revolution" title="WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution">WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution</a></i> (2007)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films or documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/!Women_Art_Revolution" title="!Women Art Revolution">!Women Art Revolution</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heresies:_A_Feminist_Publication_on_Art_and_Politics" title="Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics">Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics</a></i> (1977–1992)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Feminist_Art_Journal" title="The Feminist Art Journal">The Feminist Art Journal</a></i> (1972–1977)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Why_Have_There_Been_No_Great_Women_Artists%3F" title="Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?">Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?</a>" (1971)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SubRosa" title="SubRosa">subRosa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guerrilla_Girls" title="Guerrilla Girls">Guerrilla Girls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Waitresses_(artists)" title="The Waitresses (artists)">The Waitresses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_Artists_in_Revolution" title="Women Artists in Revolution">Women Artists in Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Caucus_for_Art" title="Women's Caucus for Art">Women's Caucus for Art</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Where_We_At" title="Where We At">Where We At</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lynda_Benglis" title="Lynda Benglis">Lynda Benglis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norma_Broude" title="Norma Broude">Norma Broude</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elaine_de_Kooning" title="Elaine de Kooning">Elaine de Kooning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Beth_Edelson" title="Mary Beth Edelson">Mary Beth Edelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suzi_Ferrer" title="Suzi Ferrer">Suzi Ferrer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Garrard" title="Mary Garrard">Mary Garrard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Graves" title="Nancy Graves">Nancy Graves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eva_Hesse" title="Eva Hesse">Eva Hesse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lila_Katzen" title="Lila Katzen">Lila Katzen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jane_Kaufman" title="Jane Kaufman">Jane Kaufman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lee_Krasner" title="Lee Krasner">Lee Krasner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M._C._Richards" title="M. C. Richards">M. C. Richards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel_Rosenthal" title="Rachel Rosenthal">Rachel Rosenthal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carolee_Schneemann" title="Carolee Schneemann">Carolee Schneemann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cindy_Sherman" title="Cindy Sherman">Cindy Sherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alma_Thomas" title="Alma Thomas">Alma Thomas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_Wayne" title="June Wayne">June Wayne</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_feminist_artists" title="List of feminist artists">List of feminist artists</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women_in_the_art_history_field" title="Women in the art history field">Women in the art history field</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Feminist movements and ideologies</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228936124"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537578#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/58859/">FAST</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000382711991">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265923202">VIAF</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRXTBqMwwTFCXtwR3CwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119109255">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275539105171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Flack, Audrey"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80101150">United States</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072152737">Netherlands</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810637290105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/1905">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/961/">Victoria</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/266221">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/28209">RKD Artists</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500025614">ULAN</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nh25b6">SNAC</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/071332405">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1719858098' |