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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|One of Earth's four temperate seasons}}
{{about|the temperate season}}
{{redirect|Fall}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox temperate season
|title=Autumn (fall)
|image=Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_(Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image).jpg
|caption=Leaves often turn orange and fall from trees in autumn.
|ndate1=23 September – 22 December
|ndate2=1 September – 30 November
|ndate3=1 August – 31 October
|sdate1=21 March – 21 June
|sdate2=1 March – 31 May
|sdate3=1 February – 30 April
}}{{Globalise|date=May 2021|2=US}}{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 272
| image1 = New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg
| image4 = Cincinnati – Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum "Autumn Reflection" (15630100199).jpg
| image3 = Paris raining autumn cityscape (8252181936).jpg
| image2 = Autumn,_Belgrade,_Serbia.jpg
| image5 = Tuolumne_Meadows_with_Meandering_River_in_Autumn.jpg
| image6 = Victoria Avenue - Canterbury.jpg
| footer = The variety of colours between the trees and the forest floor is like a giant mural in autumn, particularly out of cityscapes.
}}
{{Weather}}
'''Autumn''', also known as '''fall''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306044904/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2023 |title=Fall Definition & Meaning |website=dictionary.com }}</ref> is one of the four [[temperate]] seasons on [[Earth]]. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September ([[Northern Hemisphere]]) or March ([[Southern Hemisphere]]). Autumn is the season when the duration of [[daylight]] becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the [[winter solstice]] in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in [[temperate climates]] is the striking [[Autumn leaf color|change in colour]] for the leaves of [[deciduous trees]] as they [[leaf#Seasonal leaf loss|prepare to shed]].
==Date definitions==
Some cultures regard the autumnal [[equinox]] as "mid-autumn", while others with a longer [[Seasonal lag|temperature lag]] treat the equinox as the start of autumn.<ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA's National Weather Service – Glossary|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111152359/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn|archive-date=2012-01-11|access-date=2010-08-06|publisher=Crh.noaa.gov}}</ref> In the English-speaking world of high latitude countries, autumn traditionally began with [[Lammas Day]] and ended around [[Hallowe'en]], the approximate mid-points between [[midsummer]], the autumnal equinox, and [[midwinter]]. Meteorologists (and Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/glossary/seasons.shtml|title=Climate Glossary – Seasons|website=www.bom.gov.au |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]], Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/1762/solstices-and-equinoxes-the-reasons-for-the-seasons/ |title=Solstices and equinoxes: the reasons for the seasons |work=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> and most of the [[temperate countries]] in the southern hemisphere)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deguara |first1=Brittney |title=When does winter officially start in New Zealand? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/113038178/when-does-winter-officially-start-in-new-zealand |work=Stuff |date=27 May 2019 |access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/weather-and-climate.html |title=New Zealand Weather and Climate, New Zealand Weather, Temperatures and Climate in New Zealand |publisher=Tourism.net.nz |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> use a definition based on [[Gregorian calendar]] months, with autumn being September, October, and November in the northern hemisphere,<ref>{{cite web|title= Understanding Weather – Autumn Forecasting|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904052411/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml|archive-date=4 September 2010|access-date=2010-08-06|publisher=BBC Weather Centre}}</ref> and March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere.
In the higher latitude countries in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn traditionally starts with the [[September equinox]] (21 to 24 September)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html |title=First Day Of Fall 2010: Autumn Equinox Photos |work=HuffPost|date= 22 September 2010|access-date=2010-09-22 |first=Craig |last=Kanalley| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924195451/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html| archive-date= 24 September 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> and ends with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.almanac.com/content/first-day-winter-winter-solstice|title=The First Day of Winter: Winter Solstice 2018|website=Old Farmer's Almanac}}</ref> Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://time.com/5658699/white-after-labor-day/ |title=Why We Can't Wear White After Labor Day |author=Laura FitzPatrick |date=8 September 2009 |magazine=Time |access-date=25 February 2011}}</ref> As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees [[autumn leaf color|change colour]] and then shed their leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/northamerica/8050370/Fall-in-North-America-autumn-colour-in-New-England-and-beyond.html|title = Travel|date = 11 October 2010|access-date = 15 October 2015|website = Fall in North America: autumn colour in New England and beyond|last = Arnold|first = Kathy}}</ref> Persians celebrate the beginning of the autumn on [[Mehregan]].
Under the traditional East Asian [[solar term]] system, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, [[Met Éireann]], are September, October, and November.<ref name="met.ie">{{cite web|date=3 December 2007|title=The Weather of Autumn 2007 (September, October & November summary)|url=http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230150034/http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf|archive-date=30 December 2010|access-date=10 October 2012|work=Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online}}</ref> However, according to the [[Irish Calendar]], which is based on ancient [[Gaelic Ireland|Gaelic]] traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September, and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In the [[Irish language]], September is known as {{lang|ga|Meán Fómhair}} ("middle of autumn") and October as {{lang|ga|Deireadh Fómhair}} ("end of autumn").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/summer-its-literally-not-what-it-used-to-be-164328-Jun2011/|title=Summer, it's literally not what it used to be|first=Hugh|last=O'Connell|website=The Daily Edge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://everestlanguageschool.com/autumn-in-ireland/|title=Autumn in Ireland – Everest Language School|date=10 October 2016}}</ref> Late [[Roman Republic]] scholar [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] defined autumn as lasting from the third day before the [[Roman calendar#Days|Ides]] of [[Sextilis]] (August 11) to the fifth day before the Ides of [[November (Roman month)|November]] (November 9).<ref name="Varro37BC">{{cite wikisource |author=Varro |author-link=Varro |title=Res Rusticae (Country Matters) |volume=Book 1 |orig-date=c. 37 BCE |plainchapter=4 Concerning the Agricultural Seasons}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Listen image
| main_image = Quebec city, Quebec, Canada202205.jpg
| main_image_caption = Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves
| main_image_alt = Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves
| filename = Leaves falling from the trees during autumn in the forest.wav
| title = Leaves falling from the trees during autumn in the forest
| description = Sound of leaves on trees and fallen on the ground
}}
The word ''autumn'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|t|ə|m}}) is derived from Latin ''autumnus'', archaic ''auctumnus'', possibly from the ancient [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]] root ''autu-'' and has within it connotations of the passing of the year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Breyer|first=Gertraud|title=Etruskisches Sprachgut im Lateinischen unter Ausschluss des spezifisch onomastischen Bereiches|year=1993|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9068313355|pages=412–413|language=de}}</ref> Alternative etymologies include [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] {{PIE|*''h₃ewǵ''-}} ("cold") or {{PIE|*''h₂sows''-}} ("dry").<ref>Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).</ref>
After the Greek era, the word continued to be used as the [[Old French]] word ''{{lang|fro|autompne}}'' (''{{lang|fr|automne}}'' in [[modern French]]) or ''{{lang|enm|autumpne}}'' in Middle English,<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, entry at ''automn''.</ref> and was later normalised to the original Latin. In the [[Medieval]] period, there are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but by the 16th century, it was in common use.
Before the 16th century, ''[[harvest]]'' was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other [[West Germanic languages]] to this day ([[cf.]] Dutch ''{{lang|nl|herfst}}'', German ''{{lang|de|Herbst}}'', and Scots ''{{lang|sco|hairst}}''). However, as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns, the word ''harvest'' lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and ''autumn'', as well as ''fall'', began to replace it as a reference to the season.<ref>{{OEtymD|harvest}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|autumn}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2020}}
The alternative word ''fall'' for the season traces its origins to old [[Germanic languages]]. The exact derivation is unclear, with the [[Old English language|Old English]] ''{{lang|ang|fiæll}}'' or ''{{lang|ang|feallan}}'' and the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] ''{{lang|non|fall}}'' all being possible candidates. However, these words all have the meaning "to fall from a height" and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other. The term came to denote the season in [[16th-century England]], a contraction of [[Middle English]] expressions like "[[Abscission|fall of the leaf]]" and "fall of the year". Compare the origin of ''spring'' from "spring of the leaf" and "spring of the year".<ref>Little, William et al.: ''The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1959 edition reprinted with corrections. The phrase "fall of the leaf" was first found in print in 1545 (volume I, page 670), and the usage of "fall" in this sense is noted as "Now rare in [British] English literary use." The phrase "spring of the year" first appeared in print in 1530 (volume II, p. 1983).</ref>
During the 17th century, Englishmen began emigrating to the [[British colonization of the Americas|new North American colonies]], and the settlers took the English language with them. While the term ''fall'' gradually became nearly obsolete in Britain, it became the more common term in North America.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is It 'Autumn' or 'Fall'? |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/autumn-vs-fall |website=Merriam Webster |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
The name ''backend'', a once common name for the season in [[Northern England]], has today been largely replaced by the name ''autumn''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Revealed: How London accents have killed off local dialects across England|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2016|work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==Associations==
===Harvest===
Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary [[harvest]], has dominated its themes and popular images. In Western cultures, personifications of autumn are usually pretty, well-fed females adorned with fruits, vegetables and grains that ripen at this time. Many cultures feature autumnal [[harvest festival]]s, often the most important on their calendars.
Still-extant echoes of these celebrations are found in the autumn [[Thanksgiving]] holiday of the United States and Canada, and the Jewish [[Sukkot]] holiday with its roots as a full-moon harvest festival of "tabernacles" (living in outdoor huts around the time of harvest). There are also the many festivals celebrated by [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] tied to the harvest of ripe foods gathered in the wild, the Chinese Mid-Autumn or [[Moon festival]], and many others. The predominant mood of these autumnal celebrations is a gladness for the fruits of the earth mixed with a certain melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather.
This view is presented in English poet [[John Keats]]' poem ''[[To Autumn]]'', where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of "mellow fruitfulness".
In North America, while most foods are harvested during the autumn, foods usually associated with the season include pumpkins (which are integral parts of both Thanksgiving and [[Halloween]]) and apples, which are used to make the seasonal beverage [[apple cider]].
===Melancholia===
[[File:Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875.jpg|thumb|400px|left|"Jesień" (Autumn) [[Józef Chełmoński]] [[Oil painting|picture]] of [[1875]] presenting a typical view of autumn in the Polish 19th-century [[countryside]]]]
Autumn, especially in poetry, has often been associated with [[melancholia]]. The possibilities and opportunities of summer are gone, and the chill of winter is on the horizon. Skies turn grey, the amount of usable daylight drops rapidly, and many people turn inward, both physically and mentally.<ref>[http://www.symbolism.org/writing/books/sp/4/page2.html Cyclical Regenerative Time – (c) Autumn] (from 'Symbolism of Place', symbolism.org website)</ref> It has been referred to as an unhealthy season.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;rgn=main;view=text;idno=did2222.0002.576|title = Autumn|year = 2013|access-date = 31 March 2015|journal = The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project|publisher = Michigan Publishing|last = D'Alembert|first = Jean Le Rond|editor-last = Holtrop|editor-first = Ellen|orig-year = 1751}}</ref>
Similar examples may be found in Irish poet [[William Butler Yeats|W.B. Yeats]]' poem ''[[The Wild Swans at Coole (poem)|The Wild Swans at Coole]]'' where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own ageing self. Like the natural world that he observes, he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death. French poet [[Paul Verlaine]]'s "''[[Chanson d'automne]]''" ("Autumn Song") is likewise characterised by strong, painful feelings of sorrow. [[John Keats|Keats]]' ''[[To Autumn]]'', written in September 1819, echoes this sense of melancholic reflection but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season. The song "[[Autumn Leaves (1945 song)|Autumn Leaves]]", based on the French song "Les Feuilles mortes", uses the melancholic atmosphere of the season and the end of summer as a metaphor for the mood of being separated from a loved one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.kcrw.com/music/2017/09/the-original-autumn-leaves/|access-date=8 September 2018|title=The Original "Autumn Leaves"|date=19 September 2017}}</ref>
===Halloween===
[[File:Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051).jpg|thumb|The annual [[Greenwich Village Halloween Parade]] in [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]] [[Manhattan]] is the world's largest [[Halloween]] parade, with millions of spectators annually, and has its roots in [[LGBT culture in New York City|New York City's queer community]].]]
Autumn is associated with [[Halloween]] (influenced by [[Samhain]], a Celtic autumn festival),<ref name="ENC">{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html |title=Halloween |work=[[Microsoft Encarta|Encarta]] |publisher=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028170821/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead|access-date=20 June 2007 }}</ref> and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it. The Celtic people also used this time to celebrate the [[harvest]] with a time of feasting. At the same time though, it was a celebration of death as well. Crops were harvested, livestock were butchered, and Winter was coming.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Halloween and the Autumn season {{!}} Arlington Heights Museum – News|url=https://www.ahmuseum.org/halloween-and-the-autumn-season/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.ahmuseum.org}}</ref>
Halloween, 31 October, is in autumn in the northern hemisphere. Television, film, book, costume, home decoration, and confectionery businesses use this time of year to promote products closely associated with such a holiday, with promotions going from late August or early September to 31 October, since their themes rapidly lose strength once the holiday ends, and advertising starts concentrating on Christmas.
===Other associations===
[[File:Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2.jpg|thumb|Autumn colouration at the Kalevanpuisto park in [[Pori]], Finland.]]
In some parts of the northern hemisphere, autumn has a strong association with the end of [[summer vacation|summer holiday]] and the [[first day of school|start of a new school year]], particularly for children in primary and secondary education. "[[Back to school (marketing)|Back to School]]" advertising and preparations usually occurs in the weeks leading to the beginning of autumn.
[[Thanksgiving Day]] is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the [[Caribbean|Caribbean islands]] and in Liberia. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|second Monday of October]] in Canada, on the [[Thanksgiving (United States)|fourth Thursday of November]] in the United States (where it is commonly regarded as the start of the [[Christmas and holiday season]]), and around the same part of the year in other places. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan.
Television stations and networks, particularly in North America, traditionally begin their regular seasons in their autumn, with new series and new episodes of existing series debuting mostly during late September or early October (series that debut outside the autumn season are usually known as [[mid-season replacement]]s). A sweeps period takes place in November to measure [[Nielsen Ratings]].
[[American football]] is played almost exclusively in the autumn months; at the [[high school football|high school level]], seasons run from late August through early November, with some playoff games and [[American football on Thanksgiving|holiday rivalry contests]] being played as late as Thanksgiving. In many American states, the championship games take place in early December. [[College football]]'s regular season runs from September through November, while the main [[professional football (gridiron)|professional]] circuit, the [[National Football League]], plays from September through to early January.
Summer sports, such as association football (in Northern America, East Asia, Argentina, and South Africa), [[Canadian football]], [[stock car racing]], tennis, golf, [[cricket]], and professional baseball, wrap up their seasons in early to late autumn; [[Major League Baseball]]'s championship [[World Series]] is popularly known as the "Fall Classic".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/fallclassicdefin0000ende|url-access=registration|title=The Fall Classic: The Definitive History of the World Series|first=Eric|last= Enders|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company|year=2007|isbn=9781402747700}}</ref> (Amateur baseball is usually finished by August.) Likewise, professional winter sports, such as [[ice hockey]] and basketball, and most leagues of association football in Europe, are in the early stages of their seasons during autumn; American [[college basketball]] and [[college ice hockey]] play teams outside their [[athletic conference]]s during the late autumn before their in-conference schedules begin in winter.
The Christian religious holidays of [[All Saints' Day]] and [[All Souls' Day]] are observed in autumn in the Northern hemisphere. Easter falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
The secular celebration of [[International Workers' Day]] also falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
Since 1997, [[Autumn (given name)|Autumn]] has been one of the top 100 names for girls in the United States.<ref>[http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/ Popular Baby Names], Social Security Online.</ref>
In Indian mythology, autumn is considered to be the preferred season for the goddess of learning [[Saraswati]], who is also known by the name of "goddess of autumn" (Sharada).
In Asian mysticism, Autumn is associated with the [[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|element]] of [[Metal (Wu Xing)|metal]], and subsequently with the colour white, the [[Bai Hu|White Tiger of the West]], and death and mourning.
==Tourism==
[[File:Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564).jpg|thumb|Reflection of autumnal colors on [[Eden, Vermont|Eden Lake]], [[Vermont]], U.S.]]
{{See also|Leaf peeping}}Although [[Autumn leaf color|colour change in leaves]] occurs wherever [[deciduous]] trees are found, coloured autumn [[foliage]] is noted in various regions of the world: most of North America, Eastern Asia (including China, Korea, and Japan), Europe, southeast, south, and part of the midwest of Brazil,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-21|title=Lugares para curtir o outono no Brasil que você precisa conhecer|url=https://blog.guichevirtual.com.br/lugares-para-curtir-o-outono-no-brasil/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Guiche Virtual|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Turismo|first=iG|date=2020-03-18|title=8 destinos nacionais para você visitar durante o outono – Destinos Nacionais – iG|url=https://turismo.ig.com.br/destinos-nacionais/2020-03-18/8-destinos-nacionais-para-visitar-durante-o-outono.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Turismo|language=pt-BR}}</ref> the forest of [[Patagonia]], eastern Australia and New Zealand's [[South Island]].
Eastern Canada and [[New England]] are famous for their autumnal foliage,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=19990921001 |title=Nova Scotia Capitalizes on Fall Tourism | Government of Nova Scotia |publisher=Gov.ns.ca |date=21 September 1999 |access-date=2010-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/the-complete-guide-to-leafpeeping-612904.html |title=The Complete Guide to Leaf-Peeping & Advice, Travel |work=The Independent |date=14 September 2002 |access-date=2010-03-06 | location=London | first=Ben | last=Ross}}</ref> and this attracts major tourism (worth billions of US dollars) for the regions.<ref>{{cite web |author=Shir Haberman |url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071009/NEWS/710090335 |title=Leaf peepers storm N.H., Maine |publisher=SeacoastOnline.com |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914165754/http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071009%2FNEWS%2F710090335 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=a3vkUrgIabaA&refer=us |title=Record New England Rains Make Foliage 'a Dud,' Hurt Tourism |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=4 November 2005 |access-date=2010-03-06}}</ref>
==Views of autumn==
<gallery>
File:Autumn leaves Equinox Mountain Vermont.jpg|Autumn foliage in [[Vermont]], US
File:Maple Trees by Creek.jpg|Maple leaves changing colour by a creek.
File:Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg|[[Pumpkin pie]] is commonly served on and around [[Thanksgiving]] in North America
File:01259 All Saints Day Sanok, 2011.jpg|[[All Saints' Day]] at a cemetery in [[Sanok]], Poland—flowers and lit candles are placed to honour the memory of deceased relatives.
File:Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm|Falling autumn leaves in [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan
File:Harvest Straw Bales in Schleswig-Holstein.jpg|[[Harvest]] straw bales in a field of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], Germany
File:Pumpkins-2009.jpg|[[Halloween]] pumpkins
File:Чарівна мить жовтневого світанку.jpg|Autumn in [[Sedniv]], Ukraine
File:Autumn in Arrowtown, New Zealand.jpg|Autumn colours in [[Arrowtown]], New Zealand
</gallery>
==Allegories of autumn in art==
<gallery>
File:Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg|''Autumn'', by [[Giuseppe Collignon]]
File:Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg|''Autumn'', by [[Pierre Le Gros the Elder]]
File:Giuseppe Arcimboldo - Autumn, 1573.jpg|''Autumn'' (1573), by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]]
File:Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg|''Autumn'' (1896), by [[Art Nouveau]] artist [[Alphonse Mucha]]
File:Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg|''Autumn'' (1871), by Currier & Ives
File:Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_(1905).jpg|This 1905 print by [[Maxfield Frederick Parrish]] illustrated [[John Keats]]' poem ''Autumn''
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Autumn in New England]]
* [[Diwali]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1314|q=Autumn|wikt=autumn|c=Category:Autumn|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Seasons}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Autumn| ]]
[[Category:Etymologies]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|One of Earth's four temperate seasons}}
{{about|the temperate season}}
{{redirect|Fall}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox temperate season
|title=Autumn (fall)
|image=Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_(Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image).jpg
|caption=Leaves often turn orange and fall from trees in autumn.
|ndate1=23 September – 22 December
|ndate2=1 September – 30 November
|ndate3=1 August – 31 October
|sdate1=21 March – 21 June
|sdate2=1 March – 31 May
|sdate3=1 February – 30 April
}}{{Globalise|date=May 2021|2=US}}{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 272
| image1 = New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg
| image4 = Cincinnati – Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum "Autumn Reflection" (15630100199).jpg
| image3 = Paris raining autumn cityscape (8252181936).jpg
| image2 = Autumn,_Belgrade,_Serbia.jpg
| image5 = Tuolumne_Meadows_with_Meandering_River_in_Autumn.jpg I EAT YOUR CHEESE
| image6 = Victoria Avenue - Canterbury.jpg
| footer = The variety of colours between the trees and the forest floor is like a giant mural in autumn, particularly out of cityscapes.
}}
{{Weather}}
'''Autumn''', also known as '''fall''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306044904/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2023 |title=Fall Definition & Meaning |website=dictionary.com }}</ref> is one of the four [[temperate]] seasons on [[Earth]]. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September ([[Northern Hemisphere]]) or March ([[Southern Hemisphere]]). Autumn is the season when the duration of [[daylight]] becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the [[winter solstice]] in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in [[temperate climates]] is the striking [[Autumn leaf color|change in colour]] for the leaves of [[deciduous trees]] as they [[leaf#Seasonal leaf loss|prepare to shed]].
==Date definitions==
Some cultures regard the autumnal [[equinox]] as "mid-autumn", while others with a longer [[Seasonal lag|temperature lag]] treat the equinox as the start of autumn.<ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA's National Weather Service – Glossary|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111152359/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn|archive-date=2012-01-11|access-date=2010-08-06|publisher=Crh.noaa.gov}}</ref> In the English-speaking world of high latitude countries, autumn traditionally began with [[Lammas Day]] and ended around [[Hallowe'en]], the approximate mid-points between [[midsummer]], the autumnal equinox, and [[midwinter]]. Meteorologists (and Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/glossary/seasons.shtml|title=Climate Glossary – Seasons|website=www.bom.gov.au |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]], Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/1762/solstices-and-equinoxes-the-reasons-for-the-seasons/ |title=Solstices and equinoxes: the reasons for the seasons |work=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> and most of the [[temperate countries]] in the southern hemisphere)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deguara |first1=Brittney |title=When does winter officially start in New Zealand? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/113038178/when-does-winter-officially-start-in-new-zealand |work=Stuff |date=27 May 2019 |access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/weather-and-climate.html |title=New Zealand Weather and Climate, New Zealand Weather, Temperatures and Climate in New Zealand |publisher=Tourism.net.nz |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> use a definition based on [[Gregorian calendar]] months, with autumn being September, October, and November in the northern hemisphere,<ref>{{cite web|title= Understanding Weather – Autumn Forecasting|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904052411/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml|archive-date=4 September 2010|access-date=2010-08-06|publisher=BBC Weather Centre}}</ref> and March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere.
In the higher latitude countries in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn traditionally starts with the [[September equinox]] (21 to 24 September)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html |title=First Day Of Fall 2010: Autumn Equinox Photos |work=HuffPost|date= 22 September 2010|access-date=2010-09-22 |first=Craig |last=Kanalley| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924195451/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html| archive-date= 24 September 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> and ends with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.almanac.com/content/first-day-winter-winter-solstice|title=The First Day of Winter: Winter Solstice 2018|website=Old Farmer's Almanac}}</ref> Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://time.com/5658699/white-after-labor-day/ |title=Why We Can't Wear White After Labor Day |author=Laura FitzPatrick |date=8 September 2009 |magazine=Time |access-date=25 February 2011}}</ref> As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees [[autumn leaf color|change colour]] and then shed their leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/northamerica/8050370/Fall-in-North-America-autumn-colour-in-New-England-and-beyond.html|title = Travel|date = 11 October 2010|access-date = 15 October 2015|website = Fall in North America: autumn colour in New England and beyond|last = Arnold|first = Kathy}}</ref> Persians celebrate the beginning of the autumn on [[Mehregan]].
Under the traditional East Asian [[solar term]] system, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, [[Met Éireann]], are September, October, and November.<ref name="met.ie">{{cite web|date=3 December 2007|title=The Weather of Autumn 2007 (September, October & November summary)|url=http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230150034/http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf|archive-date=30 December 2010|access-date=10 October 2012|work=Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online}}</ref> However, according to the [[Irish Calendar]], which is based on ancient [[Gaelic Ireland|Gaelic]] traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September, and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In the [[Irish language]], September is known as {{lang|ga|Meán Fómhair}} ("middle of autumn") and October as {{lang|ga|Deireadh Fómhair}} ("end of autumn").<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/summer-its-literally-not-what-it-used-to-be-164328-Jun2011/|title=Summer, it's literally not what it used to be|first=Hugh|last=O'Connell|website=The Daily Edge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://everestlanguageschool.com/autumn-in-ireland/|title=Autumn in Ireland – Everest Language School|date=10 October 2016}}</ref> Late [[Roman Republic]] scholar [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] defined autumn as lasting from the third day before the [[Roman calendar#Days|Ides]] of [[Sextilis]] (August 11) to the fifth day before the Ides of [[November (Roman month)|November]] (November 9).<ref name="Varro37BC">{{cite wikisource |author=Varro |author-link=Varro |title=Res Rusticae (Country Matters) |volume=Book 1 |orig-date=c. 37 BCE |plainchapter=4 Concerning the Agricultural Seasons}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Listen image
| main_image = Quebec city, Quebec, Canada202205.jpg
| main_image_caption = Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves
| main_image_alt = Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves
| filename = Leaves falling from the trees during autumn in the forest.wav
| title = Leaves falling from the trees during autumn in the forest
| description = Sound of leaves on trees and fallen on the ground
}}
The word ''autumn'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|t|ə|m}}) is derived from Latin ''autumnus'', archaic ''auctumnus'', possibly from the ancient [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]] root ''autu-'' and has within it connotations of the passing of the year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Breyer|first=Gertraud|title=Etruskisches Sprachgut im Lateinischen unter Ausschluss des spezifisch onomastischen Bereiches|year=1993|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9068313355|pages=412–413|language=de}}</ref> Alternative etymologies include [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] {{PIE|*''h₃ewǵ''-}} ("cold") or {{PIE|*''h₂sows''-}} ("dry").<ref>Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).</ref>
After the Greek era, the word continued to be used as the [[Old French]] word ''{{lang|fro|autompne}}'' (''{{lang|fr|automne}}'' in [[modern French]]) or ''{{lang|enm|autumpne}}'' in Middle English,<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, entry at ''automn''.</ref> and was later normalised to the original Latin. In the [[Medieval]] period, there are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but by the 16th century, it was in common use.
Before the 16th century, ''[[harvest]]'' was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other [[West Germanic languages]] to this day ([[cf.]] Dutch ''{{lang|nl|herfst}}'', German ''{{lang|de|Herbst}}'', and Scots ''{{lang|sco|hairst}}''). However, as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns, the word ''harvest'' lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and ''autumn'', as well as ''fall'', began to replace it as a reference to the season.<ref>{{OEtymD|harvest}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|autumn}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2020}}
The alternative word ''fall'' for the season traces its origins to old [[Germanic languages]]. The exact derivation is unclear, with the [[Old English language|Old English]] ''{{lang|ang|fiæll}}'' or ''{{lang|ang|feallan}}'' and the [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] ''{{lang|non|fall}}'' all being possible candidates. However, these words all have the meaning "to fall from a height" and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other. The term came to denote the season in [[16th-century England]], a contraction of [[Middle English]] expressions like "[[Abscission|fall of the leaf]]" and "fall of the year". Compare the origin of ''spring'' from "spring of the leaf" and "spring of the year".<ref>Little, William et al.: ''The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1959 edition reprinted with corrections. The phrase "fall of the leaf" was first found in print in 1545 (volume I, page 670), and the usage of "fall" in this sense is noted as "Now rare in [British] English literary use." The phrase "spring of the year" first appeared in print in 1530 (volume II, p. 1983).</ref>
During the 17th century, Englishmen began emigrating to the [[British colonization of the Americas|new North American colonies]], and the settlers took the English language with them. While the term ''fall'' gradually became nearly obsolete in Britain, it became the more common term in North America.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is It 'Autumn' or 'Fall'? |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/autumn-vs-fall |website=Merriam Webster |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
The name ''backend'', a once common name for the season in [[Northern England]], has today been largely replaced by the name ''autumn''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Revealed: How London accents have killed off local dialects across England|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2016|work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==Associations==
===Harvest===
Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary [[harvest]], has dominated its themes and popular images. In Western cultures, personifications of autumn are usually pretty, well-fed females adorned with fruits, vegetables and grains that ripen at this time. Many cultures feature autumnal [[harvest festival]]s, often the most important on their calendars.
Still-extant echoes of these celebrations are found in the autumn [[Thanksgiving]] holiday of the United States and Canada, and the Jewish [[Sukkot]] holiday with its roots as a full-moon harvest festival of "tabernacles" (living in outdoor huts around the time of harvest). There are also the many festivals celebrated by [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] tied to the harvest of ripe foods gathered in the wild, the Chinese Mid-Autumn or [[Moon festival]], and many others. The predominant mood of these autumnal celebrations is a gladness for the fruits of the earth mixed with a certain melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather.
This view is presented in English poet [[John Keats]]' poem ''[[To Autumn]]'', where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of "mellow fruitfulness".
In North America, while most foods are harvested during the autumn, foods usually associated with the season include pumpkins (which are integral parts of both Thanksgiving and [[Halloween]]) and apples, which are used to make the seasonal beverage [[apple cider]].
===Melancholia===
[[File:Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875.jpg|thumb|400px|left|"Jesień" (Autumn) [[Józef Chełmoński]] [[Oil painting|picture]] of [[1875]] presenting a typical view of autumn in the Polish 19th-century [[countryside]]]]
Autumn, especially in poetry, has often been associated with [[melancholia]]. The possibilities and opportunities of summer are gone, and the chill of winter is on the horizon. Skies turn grey, the amount of usable daylight drops rapidly, and many people turn inward, both physically and mentally.<ref>[http://www.symbolism.org/writing/books/sp/4/page2.html Cyclical Regenerative Time – (c) Autumn] (from 'Symbolism of Place', symbolism.org website)</ref> It has been referred to as an unhealthy season.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;rgn=main;view=text;idno=did2222.0002.576|title = Autumn|year = 2013|access-date = 31 March 2015|journal = The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project|publisher = Michigan Publishing|last = D'Alembert|first = Jean Le Rond|editor-last = Holtrop|editor-first = Ellen|orig-year = 1751}}</ref>
Similar examples may be found in Irish poet [[William Butler Yeats|W.B. Yeats]]' poem ''[[The Wild Swans at Coole (poem)|The Wild Swans at Coole]]'' where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own ageing self. Like the natural world that he observes, he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death. French poet [[Paul Verlaine]]'s "''[[Chanson d'automne]]''" ("Autumn Song") is likewise characterised by strong, painful feelings of sorrow. [[John Keats|Keats]]' ''[[To Autumn]]'', written in September 1819, echoes this sense of melancholic reflection but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season. The song "[[Autumn Leaves (1945 song)|Autumn Leaves]]", based on the French song "Les Feuilles mortes", uses the melancholic atmosphere of the season and the end of summer as a metaphor for the mood of being separated from a loved one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.kcrw.com/music/2017/09/the-original-autumn-leaves/|access-date=8 September 2018|title=The Original "Autumn Leaves"|date=19 September 2017}}</ref>
===Halloween===
[[File:Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051).jpg|thumb|The annual [[Greenwich Village Halloween Parade]] in [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]] [[Manhattan]] is the world's largest [[Halloween]] parade, with millions of spectators annually, and has its roots in [[LGBT culture in New York City|New York City's queer community]].]]
Autumn is associated with [[Halloween]] (influenced by [[Samhain]], a Celtic autumn festival),<ref name="ENC">{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html |title=Halloween |work=[[Microsoft Encarta|Encarta]] |publisher=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028170821/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead|access-date=20 June 2007 }}</ref> and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it. The Celtic people also used this time to celebrate the [[harvest]] with a time of feasting. At the same time though, it was a celebration of death as well. Crops were harvested, livestock were butchered, and Winter was coming.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Halloween and the Autumn season {{!}} Arlington Heights Museum – News|url=https://www.ahmuseum.org/halloween-and-the-autumn-season/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.ahmuseum.org}}</ref>
Halloween, 31 October, is in autumn in the northern hemisphere. Television, film, book, costume, home decoration, and confectionery businesses use this time of year to promote products closely associated with such a holiday, with promotions going from late August or early September to 31 October, since their themes rapidly lose strength once the holiday ends, and advertising starts concentrating on Christmas.
===Other associations===
[[File:Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2.jpg|thumb|Autumn colouration at the Kalevanpuisto park in [[Pori]], Finland.]]
In some parts of the northern hemisphere, autumn has a strong association with the end of [[summer vacation|summer holiday]] and the [[first day of school|start of a new school year]], particularly for children in primary and secondary education. "[[Back to school (marketing)|Back to School]]" advertising and preparations usually occurs in the weeks leading to the beginning of autumn.
[[Thanksgiving Day]] is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the [[Caribbean|Caribbean islands]] and in Liberia. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|second Monday of October]] in Canada, on the [[Thanksgiving (United States)|fourth Thursday of November]] in the United States (where it is commonly regarded as the start of the [[Christmas and holiday season]]), and around the same part of the year in other places. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan.
Television stations and networks, particularly in North America, traditionally begin their regular seasons in their autumn, with new series and new episodes of existing series debuting mostly during late September or early October (series that debut outside the autumn season are usually known as [[mid-season replacement]]s). A sweeps period takes place in November to measure [[Nielsen Ratings]].
[[American football]] is played almost exclusively in the autumn months; at the [[high school football|high school level]], seasons run from late August through early November, with some playoff games and [[American football on Thanksgiving|holiday rivalry contests]] being played as late as Thanksgiving. In many American states, the championship games take place in early December. [[College football]]'s regular season runs from September through November, while the main [[professional football (gridiron)|professional]] circuit, the [[National Football League]], plays from September through to early January.
Summer sports, such as association football (in Northern America, East Asia, Argentina, and South Africa), [[Canadian football]], [[stock car racing]], tennis, golf, [[cricket]], and professional baseball, wrap up their seasons in early to late autumn; [[Major League Baseball]]'s championship [[World Series]] is popularly known as the "Fall Classic".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/fallclassicdefin0000ende|url-access=registration|title=The Fall Classic: The Definitive History of the World Series|first=Eric|last= Enders|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company|year=2007|isbn=9781402747700}}</ref> (Amateur baseball is usually finished by August.) Likewise, professional winter sports, such as [[ice hockey]] and basketball, and most leagues of association football in Europe, are in the early stages of their seasons during autumn; American [[college basketball]] and [[college ice hockey]] play teams outside their [[athletic conference]]s during the late autumn before their in-conference schedules begin in winter.
The Christian religious holidays of [[All Saints' Day]] and [[All Souls' Day]] are observed in autumn in the Northern hemisphere. Easter falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
The secular celebration of [[International Workers' Day]] also falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
Since 1997, [[Autumn (given name)|Autumn]] has been one of the top 100 names for girls in the United States.<ref>[http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/ Popular Baby Names], Social Security Online.</ref>
In Indian mythology, autumn is considered to be the preferred season for the goddess of learning [[Saraswati]], who is also known by the name of "goddess of autumn" (Sharada).
In Asian mysticism, Autumn is associated with the [[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|element]] of [[Metal (Wu Xing)|metal]], and subsequently with the colour white, the [[Bai Hu|White Tiger of the West]], and death and mourning.
==Tourism==
[[File:Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564).jpg|thumb|Reflection of autumnal colors on [[Eden, Vermont|Eden Lake]], [[Vermont]], U.S.]]
{{See also|Leaf peeping}}Although [[Autumn leaf color|colour change in leaves]] occurs wherever [[deciduous]] trees are found, coloured autumn [[foliage]] is noted in various regions of the world: most of North America, Eastern Asia (including China, Korea, and Japan), Europe, southeast, south, and part of the midwest of Brazil,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-21|title=Lugares para curtir o outono no Brasil que você precisa conhecer|url=https://blog.guichevirtual.com.br/lugares-para-curtir-o-outono-no-brasil/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Guiche Virtual|language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Turismo|first=iG|date=2020-03-18|title=8 destinos nacionais para você visitar durante o outono – Destinos Nacionais – iG|url=https://turismo.ig.com.br/destinos-nacionais/2020-03-18/8-destinos-nacionais-para-visitar-durante-o-outono.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=Turismo|language=pt-BR}}</ref> the forest of [[Patagonia]], eastern Australia and New Zealand's [[South Island]].
Eastern Canada and [[New England]] are famous for their autumnal foliage,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=19990921001 |title=Nova Scotia Capitalizes on Fall Tourism | Government of Nova Scotia |publisher=Gov.ns.ca |date=21 September 1999 |access-date=2010-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/the-complete-guide-to-leafpeeping-612904.html |title=The Complete Guide to Leaf-Peeping & Advice, Travel |work=The Independent |date=14 September 2002 |access-date=2010-03-06 | location=London | first=Ben | last=Ross}}</ref> and this attracts major tourism (worth billions of US dollars) for the regions.<ref>{{cite web |author=Shir Haberman |url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071009/NEWS/710090335 |title=Leaf peepers storm N.H., Maine |publisher=SeacoastOnline.com |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914165754/http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071009%2FNEWS%2F710090335 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=a3vkUrgIabaA&refer=us |title=Record New England Rains Make Foliage 'a Dud,' Hurt Tourism |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=4 November 2005 |access-date=2010-03-06}}</ref>
==Views of autumn==
<gallery>
File:Autumn leaves Equinox Mountain Vermont.jpg|Autumn foliage in [[Vermont]], US
File:Maple Trees by Creek.jpg|Maple leaves changing colour by a creek.
File:Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg|[[Pumpkin pie]] is commonly served on and around [[Thanksgiving]] in North America
File:01259 All Saints Day Sanok, 2011.jpg|[[All Saints' Day]] at a cemetery in [[Sanok]], Poland—flowers and lit candles are placed to honour the memory of deceased relatives.
File:Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm|Falling autumn leaves in [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan
File:Harvest Straw Bales in Schleswig-Holstein.jpg|[[Harvest]] straw bales in a field of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], Germany
File:Pumpkins-2009.jpg|[[Halloween]] pumpkins
File:Чарівна мить жовтневого світанку.jpg|Autumn in [[Sedniv]], Ukraine
File:Autumn in Arrowtown, New Zealand.jpg|Autumn colours in [[Arrowtown]], New Zealand
</gallery>
==Allegories of autumn in art==
<gallery>
File:Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg|''Autumn'', by [[Giuseppe Collignon]]
File:Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg|''Autumn'', by [[Pierre Le Gros the Elder]]
File:Giuseppe Arcimboldo - Autumn, 1573.jpg|''Autumn'' (1573), by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo]]
File:Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg|''Autumn'' (1896), by [[Art Nouveau]] artist [[Alphonse Mucha]]
File:Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg|''Autumn'' (1871), by Currier & Ives
File:Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_(1905).jpg|This 1905 print by [[Maxfield Frederick Parrish]] illustrated [[John Keats]]' poem ''Autumn''
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Autumn in New England]]
* [[Diwali]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1314|q=Autumn|wikt=autumn|c=Category:Autumn|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Seasons}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Autumn| ]]
[[Category:Etymologies]]' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">One of Earth's four temperate seasons</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the temperate season. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Autumn (disambiguation)">Autumn (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fall" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fall (disambiguation)">Fall (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Autumn (fall)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperate_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate season">Temperate season</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_(Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg/250px-Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg/375px-Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg/500px-Roadway_in_David_Crockett_State_Park_%28Autumn_2008_-_Vertical_Image%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Leaves often turn orange and fall from trees in autumn.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_temperate_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern temperate zone">Northern temperate zone</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Astronomical season</th><td class="infobox-data">23 September – 22 December</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meteorological season</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September – 30 November</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Solar (Celtic) season</th><td class="infobox-data">1 August – 31 October</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_temperate_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern temperate zone">Southern temperate zone</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Astronomical season</th><td class="infobox-data">21 March – 21 June</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meteorological season</th><td class="infobox-data">1 March – 31 May</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Solar (Celtic) season</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February – 30 April</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seasons.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Seasons.svg/50px-Seasons.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Seasons.svg/75px-Seasons.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Seasons.svg/100px-Seasons.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="170" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autumn</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236091366">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Autumn&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talk:Autumn" title="Talk:Autumn">talk page</a>, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg/128px-New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg/192px-New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg/256px-New_hampshire_in_autumn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn,_Belgrade,_Serbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/128px-Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/192px-Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg/256px-Autumn%2C_Belgrade%2C_Serbia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_(8252181936).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg/123px-Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg/185px-Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg/246px-Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_%288252181936%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_(15630100199).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg/133px-Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg/200px-Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg/266px-Cincinnati_%E2%80%93_Spring_Grove_Cemetery_%26_Arboretum_%22Autumn_Reflection%22_%2815630100199%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:2px;max-width:2px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Tuolumne_Meadows_with_Meandering_River_in_Autumn.jpg_I_EAT_YOUR_CHEESE" class="new" title="File:Tuolumne Meadows with Meandering River in Autumn.jpg I EAT YOUR CHEESE"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">File:Tuolumne Meadows with Meandering River in Autumn.jpg I EAT YOUR CHEESE</span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:258px;max-width:258px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg/256px-Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg/384px-Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg/512px-Victoria_Avenue_-_Canterbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The variety of colours between the trees and the forest floor is like a giant mural in autumn, particularly out of cityscapes.</div></div></div></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Weather" title="Category:Weather">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">Weather</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Season" title="Season">Temperate and polar seasons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autumn</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">Tropical seasons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">Dry season</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">Harmattan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">Wet season</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Storm" title="Storm">Storms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Cloud</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud" title="Cumulonimbus cloud">Cumulonimbus cloud</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arcus_cloud" title="Arcus cloud">Arcus cloud</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downburst" title="Downburst">Downburst</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Microburst">Microburst</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heat_burst" title="Heat burst">Heat burst</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho">Derecho</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Lightning</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volcanic_lightning" title="Volcanic lightning">Volcanic lightning</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">Thunderstorm</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air-mass_thunderstorm" title="Air-mass thunderstorm">Air-mass thunderstorm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thundersnow" title="Thundersnow">Thundersnow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry_thunderstorm" title="Dry thunderstorm">Dry thunderstorm</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mesocyclone" title="Mesocyclone">Mesocyclone</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">Supercell</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornado</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anticyclonic_tornado" title="Anticyclonic tornado">Anticyclonic tornado</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landspout" title="Landspout">Landspout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterspout" title="Waterspout">Waterspout</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dust_devil" title="Dust devil">Dust devil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_whirl" title="Fire whirl">Fire whirl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">Anticyclone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polar_low" title="Polar low">Polar low</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_windstorm" title="European windstorm">European windstorm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">Nor'easter</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">Atlantic hurricane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">Typhoon</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">Storm surge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">Dust storm</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simoom" title="Simoom">Simoom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haboob" title="Haboob">Haboob</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">Monsoon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amihan" title="Amihan">Amihan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">Gale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">Sirocco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Firestorm" title="Firestorm">Firestorm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winter_storm" title="Winter storm">Winter storm</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Ice storm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blizzard" title="Blizzard">Blizzard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ground_blizzard" title="Ground blizzard">Ground blizzard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">Precipitation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drizzle" title="Drizzle">Drizzle</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freezing_drizzle" title="Freezing drizzle">Freezing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graupel" title="Graupel">Graupel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megacryometeor" title="Megacryometeor">Megacryometeor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_pellets" title="Ice pellets">Ice pellets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diamond_dust" title="Diamond dust">Diamond dust</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freezing_rain" title="Freezing rain">Freezing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloudburst" title="Cloudburst">Cloudburst</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rain_and_snow_mixed" title="Rain and snow mixed">Rain and snow mixed</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow_grains" title="Snow grains">Snow grains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow_roller" title="Snow roller">Snow roller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Index_of_meteorology_articles" title="Index of meteorology articles">Topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Chemistry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_convection" title="Atmospheric convection">Convection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_physics" title="Atmospheric physics">Physics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atmospheric_river" title="Atmospheric river">River</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Cloud</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloud_physics" title="Cloud physics">Physics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mist" title="Mist">Mist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fog_season" title="Fog season">Season</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">Cold wave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">Heat wave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">Jet stream</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_weather" title="Severe weather">Severe weather</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_severe_weather_phenomena" title="List of severe weather phenomena">List</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme</a></li>
<li>Severe weather terminology
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Canada)" title="Severe weather terminology (Canada)">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(Japan)" title="Severe weather terminology (Japan)">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_weather_terminology_(United_States)" title="Severe weather terminology (United States)">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather forecasting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weather_modification" title="Weather modification">Weather modification</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Glossaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology" title="Glossary of meteorology">Meteorology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change" title="Glossary of climate change">Climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_tornado_terms" title="Glossary of tornado terms">Tornado terms</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glossary_of_tropical_cyclone_terms" title="Glossary of tropical cyclone terms">Tropical cyclone terms</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<p><b>Autumn</b>, also known as <b>fall</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> seasons on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>) or March (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>). Autumn is the season when the duration of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daylight" title="Daylight">daylight</a> becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">winter solstice</a> in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperate_climates" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate climates">temperate climates</a> is the striking <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">change in colour</a> for the leaves of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deciduous_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous trees">deciduous trees</a> as they <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leaf#Seasonal_leaf_loss" title="Leaf">prepare to shed</a>.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Date_definitions"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Date definitions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Associations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Associations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Harvest"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Harvest</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Melancholia"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Melancholia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Halloween"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Halloween</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_associations"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other associations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Tourism"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Views_of_autumn"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Views of autumn</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Allegories_of_autumn_in_art"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Allegories of autumn in art</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_definitions">Date definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Some cultures regard the autumnal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a> as "mid-autumn", while others with a longer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seasonal_lag" title="Seasonal lag">temperature lag</a> treat the equinox as the start of autumn.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the English-speaking world of high latitude countries, autumn traditionally began with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lammas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Lammas Day">Lammas Day</a> and ended around <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hallowe%27en" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallowe'en">Hallowe'en</a>, the approximate mid-points between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">midsummer</a>, the autumnal equinox, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midwinter" title="Midwinter">midwinter</a>. Meteorologists (and Australia<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperate_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate countries">temperate countries</a> in the southern hemisphere)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> use a definition based on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> months, with autumn being September, October, and November in the northern hemisphere,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and March, April, and May in the southern hemisphere.
</p><p>In the higher latitude countries in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn traditionally starts with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">September equinox</a> (21 to 24 September)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ends with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">change colour</a> and then shed their leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persians celebrate the beginning of the autumn on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mehregan" title="Mehregan">Mehregan</a>.
</p><p>Under the traditional East Asian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">solar term</a> system, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>, are September, October, and November.<sup id="cite_ref-met.ie_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met.ie-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Calendar">Irish Calendar</a>, which is based on ancient <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic</a> traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September, and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a>, September is known as <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Meán Fómhair</i></span> ("middle of autumn") and October as <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Deireadh Fómhair</i></span> ("end of autumn").<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> scholar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Marcus Terentius Varro</a> defined autumn as lasting from the third day before the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_calendar#Days" title="Roman calendar">Ides</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sextilis" title="Sextilis">Sextilis</a> (August 11) to the fifth day before the Ides of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_(Roman_month)" title="November (Roman month)">November</a> (November 9).<sup id="cite_ref-Varro37BC_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varro37BC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"><table class="infobox" style="background:#f9f9f9;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Quebec_city,_Quebec,_Canada202205.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg/290px-Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg/435px-Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg/580px-Quebec_city%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada202205.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Autumnal scene with yellow, orange, and red leaves</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-center" style="border:none;background:none;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style>
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<div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="158" data-mwtitle="Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav/Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav/Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Leaves_falling_from_the_trees_during_autumn_in_the_forest.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div>
<div class="description">Sound of leaves on trees and fallen on the ground</div></div></div></div>
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<p>The word <i>autumn</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is derived from Latin <i>autumnus</i>, archaic <i>auctumnus</i>, possibly from the ancient <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan</a> root <i>autu-</i> and has within it connotations of the passing of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative etymologies include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <span title="Proto-Indo-European language" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*<i>h₃ewǵ</i>-</span></span> ("cold") or <span title="Proto-Indo-European language" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*<i>h₂sows</i>-</span></span> ("dry").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>After the Greek era, the word continued to be used as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> word <i><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">autompne</i></span></i> (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">automne</i></span></i> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">modern French</a>) or <i><span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">autumpne</i></span></i> in Middle English,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was later normalised to the original Latin. In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> period, there are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but by the 16th century, it was in common use.
</p><p>Before the 16th century, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a></i> was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a> to this day (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> Dutch <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">herfst</i></span></i>, German <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herbst</i></span></i>, and Scots <i><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">hairst</i></span></i>). However, as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns, the word <i>harvest</i> lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and <i>autumn</i>, as well as <i>fall</i>, began to replace it as a reference to the season.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>The alternative word <i>fall</i> for the season traces its origins to old <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>. The exact derivation is unclear, with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">fiæll</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">feallan</i></span></i> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Old Norse</a> <i><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">fall</i></span></i> all being possible candidates. However, these words all have the meaning "to fall from a height" and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other. The term came to denote the season in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/16th-century_England" class="mw-redirect" title="16th-century England">16th-century England</a>, a contraction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> expressions like "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abscission" title="Abscission">fall of the leaf</a>" and "fall of the year". Compare the origin of <i>spring</i> from "spring of the leaf" and "spring of the year".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>During the 17th century, Englishmen began emigrating to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">new North American colonies</a>, and the settlers took the English language with them. While the term <i>fall</i> gradually became nearly obsolete in Britain, it became the more common term in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The name <i>backend</i>, a once common name for the season in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>, has today been largely replaced by the name <i>autumn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvest">Harvest</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a>, has dominated its themes and popular images. In Western cultures, personifications of autumn are usually pretty, well-fed females adorned with fruits, vegetables and grains that ripen at this time. Many cultures feature autumnal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">harvest festivals</a>, often the most important on their calendars.
</p><p>Still-extant echoes of these celebrations are found in the autumn <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> holiday of the United States and Canada, and the Jewish <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> holiday with its roots as a full-moon harvest festival of "tabernacles" (living in outdoor huts around the time of harvest). There are also the many festivals celebrated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> tied to the harvest of ripe foods gathered in the wild, the Chinese Mid-Autumn or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon festival">Moon festival</a>, and many others. The predominant mood of these autumnal celebrations is a gladness for the fruits of the earth mixed with a certain melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather.
</p><p>This view is presented in English poet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>' poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_Autumn" title="To Autumn">To Autumn</a></i>, where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of "mellow fruitfulness".
</p><p>In North America, while most foods are harvested during the autumn, foods usually associated with the season include pumpkins (which are integral parts of both Thanksgiving and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>) and apples, which are used to make the seasonal beverage <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">apple cider</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melancholia">Melancholia</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg/400px-J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg/600px-J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg/800px-J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski_-_Jesie%C5%84_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>"Jesień" (Autumn) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Che%C5%82mo%C5%84ski" title="Józef Chełmoński">Józef Chełmoński</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">picture</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> presenting a typical view of autumn in the Polish 19th-century <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Countryside" class="mw-redirect" title="Countryside">countryside</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Autumn, especially in poetry, has often been associated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melancholia" title="Melancholia">melancholia</a>. The possibilities and opportunities of summer are gone, and the chill of winter is on the horizon. Skies turn grey, the amount of usable daylight drops rapidly, and many people turn inward, both physically and mentally.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been referred to as an unhealthy season.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Similar examples may be found in Irish poet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">W.B. Yeats</a>' poem <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wild_Swans_at_Coole_(poem)" title="The Wild Swans at Coole (poem)">The Wild Swans at Coole</a></i> where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own ageing self. Like the natural world that he observes, he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death. French poet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>'s "<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chanson_d%27automne" title="Chanson d'automne">Chanson d'automne</a></i>" ("Autumn Song") is likewise characterised by strong, painful feelings of sorrow. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a>' <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_Autumn" title="To Autumn">To Autumn</a></i>, written in September 1819, echoes this sense of melancholic reflection but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season. The song "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_Leaves_(1945_song)" title="Autumn Leaves (1945 song)">Autumn Leaves</a>", based on the French song "Les Feuilles mortes", uses the melancholic atmosphere of the season and the end of summer as a metaphor for the mood of being separated from a loved one.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halloween">Halloween</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_(6451249051).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg/220px-Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg/330px-Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg/440px-Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade_%286451249051%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>The annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Halloween_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Village Halloween Parade">Greenwich Village Halloween Parade</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is the world's largest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> parade, with millions of spectators annually, and has its roots in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" title="LGBT culture in New York City">New York City's queer community</a>.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Autumn is associated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> (influenced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>, a Celtic autumn festival),<sup id="cite_ref-ENC_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENC-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it. The Celtic people also used this time to celebrate the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a> with a time of feasting. At the same time though, it was a celebration of death as well. Crops were harvested, livestock were butchered, and Winter was coming.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Halloween, 31 October, is in autumn in the northern hemisphere. Television, film, book, costume, home decoration, and confectionery businesses use this time of year to promote products closely associated with such a holiday, with promotions going from late August or early September to 31 October, since their themes rapidly lose strength once the holiday ends, and advertising starts concentrating on Christmas.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_associations">Other associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg/220px-Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg/330px-Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg/440px-Kalevanpuisto_syyskuussa_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3425" /></a><figcaption>Autumn colouration at the Kalevanpuisto park in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pori" title="Pori">Pori</a>, Finland.</figcaption></figure>
<p>In some parts of the northern hemisphere, autumn has a strong association with the end of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">summer holiday</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_day_of_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First day of school">start of a new school year</a>, particularly for children in primary and secondary education. "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Back_to_school_(marketing)" title="Back to school (marketing)">Back to School</a>" advertising and preparations usually occurs in the weeks leading to the beginning of autumn.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving Day</a> is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean islands</a> and in Liberia. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">second Monday of October</a> in Canada, on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">fourth Thursday of November</a> in the United States (where it is commonly regarded as the start of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a>), and around the same part of the year in other places. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan.
</p><p>Television stations and networks, particularly in North America, traditionally begin their regular seasons in their autumn, with new series and new episodes of existing series debuting mostly during late September or early October (series that debut outside the autumn season are usually known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mid-season_replacement" title="Mid-season replacement">mid-season replacements</a>). A sweeps period takes place in November to measure <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nielsen_Ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Ratings">Nielsen Ratings</a>.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is played almost exclusively in the autumn months; at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school level</a>, seasons run from late August through early November, with some playoff games and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_football_on_Thanksgiving" title="American football on Thanksgiving">holiday rivalry contests</a> being played as late as Thanksgiving. In many American states, the championship games take place in early December. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College football</a>'s regular season runs from September through November, while the main <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Professional_football_(gridiron)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional football (gridiron)">professional</a> circuit, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, plays from September through to early January.
</p><p>Summer sports, such as association football (in Northern America, East Asia, Argentina, and South Africa), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">stock car racing</a>, tennis, golf, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, and professional baseball, wrap up their seasons in early to late autumn; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s championship <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> is popularly known as the "Fall Classic".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Amateur baseball is usually finished by August.) Likewise, professional winter sports, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> and basketball, and most leagues of association football in Europe, are in the early stages of their seasons during autumn; American <a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">college basketball</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">college ice hockey</a> play teams outside their <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Athletic_conference" title="Athletic conference">athletic conferences</a> during the late autumn before their in-conference schedules begin in winter.
</p><p>The Christian religious holidays of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a> are observed in autumn in the Northern hemisphere. Easter falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
</p><p>The secular celebration of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> also falls in autumn in the southern hemisphere.
</p><p>Since 1997, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_(given_name)" title="Autumn (given name)">Autumn</a> has been one of the top 100 names for girls in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In Indian mythology, autumn is considered to be the preferred season for the goddess of learning <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>, who is also known by the name of "goddess of autumn" (Sharada).
</p><p>In Asian mysticism, Autumn is associated with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)">element</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metal_(Wu_Xing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal (Wu Xing)">metal</a>, and subsequently with the colour white, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bai_Hu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bai Hu">White Tiger of the West</a>, and death and mourning.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Vermont_2016_Foliage_(29529310564).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg/220px-Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg/330px-Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg/440px-Vermont_2016_Foliage_%2829529310564%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Reflection of autumnal colors on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eden,_Vermont" title="Eden, Vermont">Eden Lake</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, U.S.</figcaption></figure>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leaf_peeping" title="Leaf peeping">Leaf peeping</a></div><p>Although <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">colour change in leaves</a> occurs wherever <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> trees are found, coloured autumn <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foliage" class="mw-redirect" title="Foliage">foliage</a> is noted in various regions of the world: most of North America, Eastern Asia (including China, Korea, and Japan), Europe, southeast, south, and part of the midwest of Brazil,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the forest of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, eastern Australia and New Zealand's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>.
</p><p>Eastern Canada and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> are famous for their autumnal foliage,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this attracts major tourism (worth billions of US dollars) for the regions.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_of_autumn">Views of autumn</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn foliage in Vermont, US"><img alt="Autumn foliage in Vermont, US" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg/120px-Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg/180px-Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg/240px-Autumn_leaves_Equinox_Mountain_Vermont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3852" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Autumn foliage in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, US</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maple leaves changing colour by a creek."><img alt="Maple leaves changing colour by a creek." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg/120px-Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg/180px-Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg/240px-Maple_Trees_by_Creek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Maple leaves changing colour by a creek.</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pumpkin pie is commonly served on and around Thanksgiving in North America"><img alt="Pumpkin pie is commonly served on and around Thanksgiving in North America" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg/120px-Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg/180px-Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg/240px-Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="1760" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a> is commonly served on and around <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> in North America</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="All Saints' Day at a cemetery in Sanok, Poland—flowers and lit candles are placed to honour the memory of deceased relatives."><img alt="All Saints' Day at a cemetery in Sanok, Poland—flowers and lit candles are placed to honour the memory of deceased relatives." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg/120px-01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg/180px-01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg/240px-01259_All_Saints_Day_Sanok%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a> at a cemetery in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sanok" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanok">Sanok</a>, Poland—flowers and lit candles are placed to honour the memory of deceased relatives.</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/120px--Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="68" data-durationhint="14" data-mwtitle="Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.m3u8" type="application/vnd.apple.mpegurl" data-transcodekey="m3u8" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm/Autumnleavesfalling-kanagawa-2022Dec5.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Falling autumn leaves in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa</a>, Japan</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harvest straw bales in a field of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany"><img alt="Harvest straw bales in a field of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/120px-Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/180px-Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/240px-Harvest_Straw_Bales_in_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">Harvest</a> straw bales in a field of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, Germany</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pumpkins-2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halloween pumpkins"><img alt="Halloween pumpkins" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pumpkins-2009.jpg/120px-Pumpkins-2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pumpkins-2009.jpg/180px-Pumpkins-2009.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pumpkins-2009.jpg/240px-Pumpkins-2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> pumpkins</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn in Sedniv, Ukraine"><img alt="Autumn in Sedniv, Ukraine" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg/120px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg/180px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg/240px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4142" data-file-height="2761" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Autumn in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sedniv" title="Sedniv">Sedniv</a>, Ukraine</div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn_in_Arrowtown,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn colours in Arrowtown, New Zealand"><img alt="Autumn colours in Arrowtown, New Zealand" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/120px-Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/180px-Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/240px-Autumn_in_Arrowtown%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Autumn colours in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a>, New Zealand</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegories_of_autumn_in_art">Allegories of autumn in art</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn, by Giuseppe Collignon"><img alt="Autumn, by Giuseppe Collignon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg/102px-Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg/154px-Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg/205px-Allegory_of_Autumn_-_sala_di_Prometeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Autumn</i>, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Collignon" title="Giuseppe Collignon">Giuseppe Collignon</a></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn, by Pierre Le Gros the Elder"><img alt="Autumn, by Pierre Le Gros the Elder" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg/65px-Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg/98px-Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg/131px-Autumn_Legros_Louvre_MR1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Autumn</i>, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Le_Gros_the_Elder" title="Pierre Le Gros the Elder">Pierre Le Gros the Elder</a></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn,_1573.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn (1573), by Giuseppe Arcimboldo"><img alt="Autumn (1573), by Giuseppe Arcimboldo" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg/99px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg/149px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg/198px-Giuseppe_Arcimboldo_-_Autumn%2C_1573.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1241" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Autumn</i> (1573), by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuseppe_Arcimboldo" title="Giuseppe Arcimboldo">Giuseppe Arcimboldo</a></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn (1896), by Art Nouveau artist Alphonse Mucha"><img alt="Autumn (1896), by Art Nouveau artist Alphonse Mucha" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg/61px-Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg/91px-Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg/121px-Alfons_Mucha_-_1896_-_Autumn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Autumn</i> (1896), by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> artist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alphonse_Mucha" title="Alphonse Mucha">Alphonse Mucha</a></div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn (1871), by Currier & Ives"><img alt="Autumn (1871), by Currier & Ives" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg/93px-Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg/139px-Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg/186px-Autumn_LCCN90708855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5645" data-file-height="7290" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Autumn</i> (1871), by Currier & Ives</div>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This 1905 print by Maxfield Frederick Parrish illustrated John Keats' poem Autumn"><img alt="This 1905 print by Maxfield Frederick Parrish illustrated John Keats' poem Autumn" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg/95px-Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg/143px-Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg/191px-Maxfield_Parrish_-_Autumn_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">This 1905 print by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxfield_Frederick_Parrish" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxfield Frederick Parrish">Maxfield Frederick Parrish</a> illustrated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>' poem <i>Autumn</i></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autumn_in_New_England" title="Autumn in New England">Autumn in New England</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall">"Fall Definition & Meaning"</a>. <i>dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306044904/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fall">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Fall+Definition+%26+Meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Ffall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111152359/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn">"NOAA's National Weather Service – Glossary"</a>. Crh.noaa.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/glossary.php?word=autumn">the original</a> on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA%27s+National+Weather+Service+%E2%80%93+Glossary&rft.pub=Crh.noaa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crh.noaa.gov%2Fglossary.php%3Fword%3Dautumn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/glossary/seasons.shtml">"Climate Glossary – Seasons"</a>. <i>www.bom.gov.au</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>, Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bom.gov.au&rft.atitle=Climate+Glossary+%E2%80%93+Seasons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Fglossary%2Fseasons.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/1762/solstices-and-equinoxes-the-reasons-for-the-seasons/">"Solstices and equinoxes: the reasons for the seasons"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a></i>. 21 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Solstices+and+equinoxes%3A+the+reasons+for+the+seasons&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.bom.gov.au%2Fsocial%2Fblog%2F1762%2Fsolstices-and-equinoxes-the-reasons-for-the-seasons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeguara2019" class="citation news cs1">Deguara, Brittney (27 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/113038178/when-does-winter-officially-start-in-new-zealand">"When does winter officially start in New Zealand?"</a>. <i>Stuff</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=When+does+winter+officially+start+in+New+Zealand%3F&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.aulast=Deguara&rft.aufirst=Brittney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F113038178%2Fwhen-does-winter-officially-start-in-new-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism.net.nz/new-zealand/about-new-zealand/weather-and-climate.html">"New Zealand Weather and Climate, New Zealand Weather, Temperatures and Climate in New Zealand"</a>. Tourism.net.nz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Weather+and+Climate%2C+New+Zealand+Weather%2C+Temperatures+and+Climate+in+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Tourism.net.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.net.nz%2Fnew-zealand%2Fabout-new-zealand%2Fweather-and-climate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904052411/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml">"Understanding Weather – Autumn Forecasting"</a>. BBC Weather Centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/autumn_forecasting.shtml">the original</a> on 4 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+Weather+%E2%80%93+Autumn+Forecasting&rft.pub=BBC+Weather+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fweather%2Ffeatures%2Funderstanding%2Fautumn_forecasting.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanalley2010" class="citation news cs1">Kanalley, Craig (22 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html">"First Day Of Fall 2010: Autumn Equinox Photos"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100924195451/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/22/first-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=First+Day+Of+Fall+2010%3A+Autumn+Equinox+Photos&rft.date=2010-09-22&rft.aulast=Kanalley&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F09%2F22%2Ffirst-day-of-fall-2010-au_n_734692.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almanac.com/content/first-day-winter-winter-solstice">"The First Day of Winter: Winter Solstice 2018"</a>. <i>Old Farmer's Almanac</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Old+Farmer%27s+Almanac&rft.atitle=The+First+Day+of+Winter%3A+Winter+Solstice+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almanac.com%2Fcontent%2Ffirst-day-winter-winter-solstice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_FitzPatrick2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Laura FitzPatrick (8 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5658699/white-after-labor-day/">"Why We Can't Wear White After Labor Day"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Why+We+Can%27t+Wear+White+After+Labor+Day&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.au=Laura+FitzPatrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5658699%2Fwhite-after-labor-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2010" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Kathy (11 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/northamerica/8050370/Fall-in-North-America-autumn-colour-in-New-England-and-beyond.html">"Travel"</a>. <i>Fall in North America: autumn colour in New England and beyond</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fall+in+North+America%3A+autumn+colour+in+New+England+and+beyond&rft.atitle=Travel&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fnorthamerica%2F8050370%2FFall-in-North-America-autumn-colour-in-New-England-and-beyond.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-met.ie-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-met.ie_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230150034/http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf">"The Weather of Autumn 2007 (September, October & November summary)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Met Éireann – The Irish Meteorological Service Online</i>. 3 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate/monthly_summarys/autumn07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Met+%C3%89ireann+%E2%80%93+The+Irish+Meteorological+Service+Online&rft.atitle=The+Weather+of+Autumn+2007+%28September%2C+October+%26+November+summary%29&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fclimate%2Fmonthly_summarys%2Fautumn07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell" class="citation web cs1">O'Connell, Hugh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyedge.ie/summer-its-literally-not-what-it-used-to-be-164328-Jun2011/">"Summer, it's literally not what it used to be"</a>. <i>The Daily Edge</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Edge&rft.atitle=Summer%2C+it%27s+literally+not+what+it+used+to+be&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyedge.ie%2Fsummer-its-literally-not-what-it-used-to-be-164328-Jun2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://everestlanguageschool.com/autumn-in-ireland/">"Autumn in Ireland – Everest Language School"</a>. 10 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autumn+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+Everest+Language+School&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feverestlanguageschool.com%2Fautumn-in-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Varro37BC-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Varro37BC_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarro" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Varro" class="mw-redirect" title="Varro">Varro</a>. "4 Concerning the Agricultural Seasons". <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Res Rusticae (Country Matters)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Res_Rusticae_(Country_Matters)"><i>Res Rusticae (Country Matters)</i> </a></span>. Vol. Book 1 – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+Concerning+the+Agricultural+Seasons&rft.btitle=Res+Rusticae+%28Country+Matters%29&rft.au=Varro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreyer1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Breyer, Gertraud (1993). <i>Etruskisches Sprachgut im Lateinischen unter Ausschluss des spezifisch onomastischen Bereiches</i> (in German). Peeters Publishers. pp. 412–413. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9068313355" title="Special:BookSources/9068313355"><bdi>9068313355</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etruskisches+Sprachgut+im+Lateinischen+unter+Ausschluss+des+spezifisch+onomastischen+Bereiches&rft.pages=412-413&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9068313355&rft.aulast=Breyer&rft.aufirst=Gertraud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, entry at <i>automn</i>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=harvest">"harvest"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=harvest&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dharvest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=autumn">"autumn"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=autumn&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dautumn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Little, William et al.: <i>The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1959 edition reprinted with corrections. The phrase "fall of the leaf" was first found in print in 1545 (volume I, page 670), and the usage of "fall" in this sense is noted as "Now rare in [British] English literary use." The phrase "spring of the year" first appeared in print in 1530 (volume II, p. 1983).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/autumn-vs-fall">"Is It 'Autumn' or 'Fall'?"</a>. <i>Merriam Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam+Webster&rft.atitle=Is+It+%27Autumn%27+or+%27Fall%27%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2Fautumn-vs-fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/">"Revealed: How London accents have killed off local dialects across England"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/05/26/revealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+How+London+accents+have+killed+off+local+dialects+across+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2F05%2F26%2Frevealed-how-london-accents-have-killed-off-local-dialects-acros%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symbolism.org/writing/books/sp/4/page2.html">Cyclical Regenerative Time – (c) Autumn</a> (from 'Symbolism of Place', symbolism.org website)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Alembert2013" class="citation journal cs1">D'Alembert, Jean Le Rond (2013) [1751]. Holtrop, Ellen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=did;cc=did;rgn=main;view=text;idno=did2222.0002.576">"Autumn"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project</i>. Michigan Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Diderot+%26+d%27Alembert+Collaborative+Translation+Project&rft.atitle=Autumn&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=D%27Alembert&rft.aufirst=Jean+Le+Rond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fc%3Ddid%3Bcc%3Ddid%3Brgn%3Dmain%3Bview%3Dtext%3Bidno%3Ddid2222.0002.576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.kcrw.com/music/2017/09/the-original-autumn-leaves/">"The Original "Autumn Leaves"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Original+%22Autumn+Leaves%22&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kcrw.com%2Fmusic%2F2017%2F09%2Fthe-original-autumn-leaves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ENC-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENC_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028170821/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html">"Halloween"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Encarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Encarta">Encarta</a></i>. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572079/Halloween.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encarta&rft.atitle=Halloween&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761572079%2FHalloween.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahmuseum.org/halloween-and-the-autumn-season/">"Halloween and the Autumn season | Arlington Heights Museum – News"</a>. <i>www.ahmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ahmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Halloween+and+the+Autumn+season+%7C+Arlington+Heights+Museum+%E2%80%93+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmuseum.org%2Fhalloween-and-the-autumn-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnders2007" class="citation book cs1">Enders, Eric (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fallclassicdefin0000ende"><i>The Fall Classic: The Definitive History of the World Series</i></a></span>. Sterling Publishing Company. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402747700" title="Special:BookSources/9781402747700"><bdi>9781402747700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+Classic%3A+The+Definitive+History+of+the+World+Series&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781402747700&rft.aulast=Enders&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffallclassicdefin0000ende&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/babynames/">Popular Baby Names</a>, Social Security Online.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.guichevirtual.com.br/lugares-para-curtir-o-outono-no-brasil/">"Lugares para curtir o outono no Brasil que você precisa conhecer"</a>. <i>Guiche Virtual</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guiche+Virtual&rft.atitle=Lugares+para+curtir+o+outono+no+Brasil+que+voc%C3%AA+precisa+conhecer&rft.date=2018-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.guichevirtual.com.br%2Flugares-para-curtir-o-outono-no-brasil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurismo2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turismo, iG (18 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turismo.ig.com.br/destinos-nacionais/2020-03-18/8-destinos-nacionais-para-visitar-durante-o-outono.html">"8 destinos nacionais para você visitar durante o outono – Destinos Nacionais – iG"</a>. <i>Turismo</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turismo&rft.atitle=8+destinos+nacionais+para+voc%C3%AA+visitar+durante+o+outono+%E2%80%93+Destinos+Nacionais+%E2%80%93+iG&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Turismo&rft.aufirst=iG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturismo.ig.com.br%2Fdestinos-nacionais%2F2020-03-18%2F8-destinos-nacionais-para-visitar-durante-o-outono.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=19990921001">"Nova Scotia Capitalizes on Fall Tourism | Government of Nova Scotia"</a>. Gov.ns.ca. 21 September 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nova+Scotia+Capitalizes+on+Fall+Tourism+%26%23124%3B+Government+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.pub=Gov.ns.ca&rft.date=1999-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ns.ca%2Fnews%2Fdetails.asp%3Fid%3D19990921001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2002" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Ben (14 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/the-complete-guide-to-leafpeeping-612904.html">"The Complete Guide to Leaf-Peeping & Advice, Travel"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Leaf-Peeping+%26+Advice%2C+Travel&rft.date=2002-09-14&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fnews-and-advice%2Fthe-complete-guide-to-leafpeeping-612904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShir_Haberman" class="citation web cs1">Shir Haberman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914165754/http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071009%2FNEWS%2F710090335">"Leaf peepers storm N.H., Maine"</a>. SeacoastOnline.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071009/NEWS/710090335">the original</a> on 14 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leaf+peepers+storm+N.H.%2C+Maine&rft.pub=SeacoastOnline.com&rft.au=Shir+Haberman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seacoastonline.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20071009%2FNEWS%2F710090335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=a3vkUrgIabaA&refer=us">"Record New England Rains Make Foliage 'a Dud,' Hurt Tourism"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. 4 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Record+New+England+Rains+Make+Foliage+%27a+Dud%2C%27+Hurt+Tourism&rft.date=2005-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D10000103%26sid%3Da3vkUrgIabaA%26refer%3Dus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutumn" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<b>Autumn</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autumn" class="extiw" title="wikt:autumn">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Autumn" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Autumn">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Autumn" class="extiw" title="q:Autumn">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314" class="extiw" title="d:Q1314">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seasons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Seasons" title="Template:Seasons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Seasons" title="Template talk:Seasons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seasons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seasons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seasons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Season" title="Season">Seasons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">Temperate seasons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autumn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright">
<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/48px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/64px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">Weather portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">Tropical seasons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">Wet season</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">Dry season</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Cyclone season</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fog_season" title="Fog season">Fog season</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">Harmattan</a> (West Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">Monsoon season</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mud_season" title="Mud season">Mud / breakup / <i>minoskamin</i></a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rasputitsa" title="Rasputitsa"><i>bezdorizhzhia / rasputitsa</i></a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1314#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/824216/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526011">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121435445">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121435445">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Herbst"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4024461-1">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007295821605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010475">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="podzim"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph412845&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10676486">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1725025595' |