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'{{Short description|Model of American diesel-electric locomotive}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} {{Original research|date=August 2021}} {{Infobox locomotive | name=EMD SD90MAC and SD9043MAC | powertype=[[Diesel-electric]] | gauge={{track gauge|ussg}} | image=Union Pacific Railroad EMD SD90MAC-H.jpg<!--EMD_SD90MAC_UP_8512.jpg--> | caption=[[Union Pacific Railroad|UP]] 8540, an SD90MAC Phase II | builddate=1995–2005 | totalproduction=478 | buildmodel=SD90MAC | builder=[[Electro-Motive Diesel]] (EMD) | poweroutput={{Plainlist| * SD9043MAC: {{convert|4300|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} * SD90MAC: {{convert|6000|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} }} | aarwheels=C-C | uicclass=Co’Co’ | length={{convert|80|ft|2|in|abbr=on}} | locoweight={{convert|415000|lb|abbr=on}} (SD9043MAC) and {{convert|425000|lb|abbr=on}} (SD90MAC-H & SD90MAC-H2) | fuelcap={{convert|5000|usgal|abbr=on}} | sandcap={{convert|40|cuft|abbr=on}} | enginetype=[[V16 engine|V16]] [[Diesel engine|diesel]] | maxspeed={{convert|70|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} | cylindercount=16 | rpmrange=225-1,000 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]] | wheeldiameter={{convert|45|in|mm|abbr=on}} | cylindersize={{convert|10.45|x|11.80|in|abbr=on}} | tractionmotors=6 [[Siemens]] 1TB2830 AC motors | tractiveeffort=Small engine (SD9043MAC): {{convert|185000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} starting, {{convert|147000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} continuous<br />Large engine (SD90MAC-H and SD90MAC-H2): {{convert|200000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} starting, {{convert|165000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} continuous | primemover=[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMD]] [[EMD 710|16-710 G3C-T1]] and [[EMD 265|16-265H]]}} The '''EMD SD90MAC''' is a model of {{convert|6,000|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gmemd.com/en/locomotive/na_freight/sd90mac/index.htm |title=Gm Emd: Sd90Mac |website=www.gmemd.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011210220002/http://www.gmemd.com/en/locomotive/na_freight/sd90mac/index.htm |archive-date=10 December 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[AAR wheel arrangement#C-C|C-C]] [[Diesel-electric transmission|diesel-electric]] locomotive produced by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors Electro-Motive Division]] (EMD). It is, with the [[EMD SD80MAC|SD80MAC]], one of the largest single-engined locomotives produced by EMD and among the most powerful diesel-electric locomotives, surpassed only by the dual-engined [[EMD DDA40X|DDA40X]]. The '''SD9043MAC''' is the {{convert|4,300|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} variant, using a 16-cylinder [[EMD 710|710G engine]] instead of the [[EMD 265|H-engine]], which was originally intended as a temporary alternative while EMD tried to solve the [[EMD 265|H-engine's]] issues. However, the accompanying upgrade program was never utilized by its customers. The SD90MAC's features include [[radial steering truck]]s with [[Alternating Current|AC]] [[traction motor]]s and an isolated [[cab (locomotive)|safety cab]] which is mounted on shock absorbers to lessen vibrations in the cab. The SD90MAC, like the SD80MAC, [[EMD SD70ACe|SD70ACe]], and [[EMD SD70M-2|SD70M-2]], has a wide radiator section, nearly the entire width of the locomotive, which along with their size makes them easy to spot. As of 2019, some SD90MACs are still in service on the Union Pacific. Norfolk Southern had rostered 110 SD90MAC locomotives purchased or traded from Union Pacific or the CIT Group respectively, that have now all been rebuilt as [[EMD SD70ACU]] locomotives. Canadian Pacific has also opted to convert their small fleet of long-stored SD90MACs into SD70ACUs as well. f*cked Union Pacific Railroad!!! ==History== [[File:UP 8027 EMD SD9043AC.jpg|thumb|left|358px|[[Union Pacific]] SD9043MAC locomotive No. 8027]] The SD90MAC was introduced in 1995, along with the [[EMD SD80MAC|SD80MAC]] locomotives. The SD90MAC was designed to utilize the new [[EMD 265|16-cylinder H-engine]], while the SD80MAC was designed to use the 20-cylinder version of the existing [[EMD 710|710G]] engine. However, technical problems with the {{convert|6000|hp}} engine resulted in the first locomotives being shipped with {{convert|4300|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} 16-cylinder 710G engines, making them similar to the [[EMD SD70 series#SD70MAC (1993–2007)|SD70MAC]]'s. These locomotives were informally designated '''SD9043MAC''' by railroads that purchased them with the option to re-engine them with {{convert|6000|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} engines when they became available.<ref name=Janes>{{cite book| last=Johnston| first=Howard| title=Jane's Train Recognition Guide| publisher=Collins| location=London| year=2005| isbn=0-06-081895-6| pages=440–441}}</ref> This upgrade program, however, was never taken advantage of by SD90MAC buyers due to reliability issues with the newer engine. Over 400 SD90MAC locomotives fitted with the {{convert|4300|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}} 710 engine were built. In 1996, [[Electro-Motive Diesel]] entered full production on their {{convert|6000|hp|abbr=on|lk=in|sigfig=3}}, 16-cylinder H-engine, and all SD90MACs made from then on used that for its [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]]. Locomotives fitted with this engine are sometimes referred to as '''SD90MAC-H''' locomotives. Later versions of the SD90MAC-H feature a Phase II cab, with a new nose which offers higher visibility from the cab than the old nose. The SD90MAC-H did not prove popular with railroads and less than 70 were built, including Electro-Motive Diesel demonstrator units. Since the SD90MAC-H had such a large prime mover, it didn't offer the same operational flexibility as smaller units, limiting its possible customer base to only the largest railroads. Also, since the H-engine was a new design, it hadn't reached the same level of reliability as EMD's previous engine. The low reliability on such a large engine was an especially bad combination since the loss of one engine in a train meant the loss of a larger percentage of pulling power than had a smaller engine failed. In the end, the SD90MAC-H was only delivered to two railroads, the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] and the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]].<ref name=Janes /> The [[Canadian Pacific]] locomotives were part of an earlier order for 710-engine equipped SD90MAC locomotives that was still in production when Electro-Motive Diesel switched over to the H-engine. Electro-Motive Diesel also tried offering a lower-power version of the SD90MAC with a 12-cylinder engine called the '''[[EMD SD89MAC|SD89MAC]]''', but none were produced other than the prototype. ==Specifications== [[File:NS_7332_EMD_SD90MAC_(33276291851).jpg|thumb|[[Norfolk Southern Railway]] 7332 in Ohio]] Prime mover (EMD 710): *EMD [[V16 engine|V16]] [[EMD 710|710G3C-T1]] *Power Output - {{convert|4,300|hp|kW|sigfig=3|abbr=on|disp=or}} *Idle - 200 rpm *Full Speed - 950 rpm Prime mover (EMD 265): *EMD [[V16 engine|V16]] [[EMD 265|EMD GM16V265]] *Power Output - {{convert|6,000|hp|kW|sigfig=3|abbr=on|disp=or}} at 1,000 rpm *Idle - 200 rpm *Full speed - 1,000 rpm Traction motors: *6 Siemens 1TB2830 AC motors mounted 3 each on 2 HTCR-2 radial self-steering trucks. *Rated output - {{convert|855|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} *Gearing - 83:16 *Wheel size - {{convert|45|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} *Max revolutions - 3,435 rpm *Starting torque - {{convert|16,300|N·m|lbf·ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} *Continuous torque - {{convert|12,900|N·m|lbf·ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} *Maximum voltage - 2,183 V Performance (parenthesis indicate H-Engine equipped specifications): *Maximum speed - {{convert|70|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} *Starting tractive effort - {{convert|185,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} and {{convert|200,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}) *Continuous tractive effort - {{convert|147,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} and {{convert|165,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|}}) *Braking effort - {{convert|115,000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name="EMD SD90MAC Data Sheet">{{cite web|last1=Shop|first1=The Diesel|title=EMD SD90MAC Data Sheet|url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/Data%20EMD%20SD90MAC.HTML|website=The Diasel Shop|publisher=The Diesel Shop|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> *Weight - {{convert|210|ST|LT t|0}}/{{convert|420000|lb|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|disp=or}}<ref>http://www.sze.hu/~szenasy/VILLVONT/Diesel-Electric_Loco_SD90MAC_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> ==Fleet rosters== '''[[Canadian Pacific]]''' [[File:CP9112 SD90MAC.jpg|thumb|[[Canadian Pacific Railway|CP]] 9112 being transported south on the CP Emerson Subdivision, to be converted to an [[EMD SD70ACU|SD70ACU]].]] *9100-9160 (SD9043MAC): Units were at one time up for sale in "as is" condition, but no buyer was ever found. Some units had been intermittently placed into freight service to help combat motive power shortages.[https://www8.cpr.ca/enetp72/snp/Pages/ViewTender.aspx?Tender=3140] 30 of them will be rebuilt in 2019 as [[EMD SD70ACU]]s and renumbered 7000-7029.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railwayage.com/mechanical/progress-rail-to-upgrade-cp-units/|title=Progress Rail to upgrade CP units|date=26 June 2018}}</ref> It was later announced that the order would be upped to 60 units in total, using the remainder of the 58 usable cores from the long-stored SD90MAC fleet and buying two SD90MACs from the Union Pacific to make up the difference. In 2021, Canadian Pacific purchased 40 more SD90MACs from Union Pacific for further continuation of the SD70ACU rebuild program. *9300-9303 (SD90MAC-H): These were scrapped in Lachine, QC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110308002353/http://www.canadianrailwayobservations.com/2011/mar11/mar11locoworks.htm] '''[[CIT Group|CEFX]]''' *100-139 (SD9043MAC) (Lease Fleet) 10 units traded to Norfolk Southern for 15 MP15DCs. '''[[Electro-Motive Diesel|EMLX]]''' *8500, 8523-8561 (EMD Lease fleet), Former Union Pacific 8500, 8523-8561, currently stored. All units leased to [[Kansas City Southern Railway|Kansas City Southern]] (KCS) in 2008 on a one-year lease. Several went to the [[Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad]] upon returning from KCS lease. All units are currently stored. Nine were sold to [[Fortescue railway|Fortescue Metals Group]] in [[Western Australia]]. Units have since been sold to many different owners, primarily for scrap.<ref name=PClark>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Peter|title=An Australian Locomotive Guide|year=2012|publisher=Rosenberg Publishing|isbn=9781921719554|pages=220}}</ref> '''[[Indiana Rail Road]]''' *9001-9013, 9025 (SD9043MAC) (Long-term lease from CEFX). All to be retired.<ref>{{Cite web |last=wrp_admin |date=2023-03-16 |title=Last Dance for Indiana Rail Road SD90MACs |url=https://railfan.com/last-dance-for-indiana-sd90macs/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Railfan & Railroad Magazine |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Vincent Saunders |date=2023-08-15 |title=Indiana Rail Road's SD9043MACs are fading out |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/railroads/locomotives/indiana-rail-roads-sd9043macs-are-fading-out/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Trains |language=en-US}}</ref> '''[[Norfolk Southern]]''' *7229-7338 (SD9043MAC); NS purchased 100 units in September 2014 from EMD/Progress Rail. Those units are ex-UP. 10 units were acquired from CEFX in June 2016, in exchange for 15 MP15DCs. All units have been converted to [[EMD SD70ACU|SD70ACU]]s. '''[[Union Pacific]]''': *8000-8308 (SD9043MAC); most of them were renumbered 3470-3775 to make room for new [[GE ES44AC]]s. Both the Norfolk Southern and Canadian Pacific have purchased locomotives from Union Pacific's fleet for [[EMD SD70ACU|SD70ACU]] rebuilds; in September 2014, Norfolk Southern purchased 100 of these and in 2019 and 2021 Canadian Pacific purchased 42 of these in total. *8500-8561 (SD90MAC-H. Fleet Retired, some after less than 5 years of service. 8500, 8523-8561 to EMLX Lease fleet, 8501-8522 renumbered 8911-8931. Retired in late 2008-2009. Sold to Metro East Industries in [[Alorton, Illinois]]. Scrapped mid to late 2009. '''[[Fortescue railway|Fortescue Metals Group]]''' *901-904 (SD90MAC-H) *905-909 (SD9043MAC): Rebuilt from SD90MAC-H for use in Australia at the [[Juniata Shops]] *910-917 (SD90MAC-PII): Rebuilt for use in Australia at [[Mayfield, KY]] shop ==Current status== [[File:Ns train 238 with a SD70ACU.jpg|thumb|300px|Norfolk Southern Railway SD70ACU No. 7305. The SD70ACU is part of Norfolk Southern's SD90MAC rebuild program.]] As of January 2005, the SD90MAC is no longer in production due to the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]]'s Tier 2 locomotive emission regulations, although EMD had planned to be able to get the H-engine approved at some later date. However, [[People's Republic of China|China]] recently announced an order for 300 [[EMD JT56ACe|JT56ACe]] locomotives, which also use the H-Engine as its prime mover. A portion of the locomotives will be assembled in kit form by China's own [[Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company|Dalian Locomotive Works]]. These units were reportedly capable of meeting the EPA's strict regulations and began delivery in the latter half of 2007. Due to reliability issues, FMG units 910 to 917 are stored and deemed not be used. They were purchased to be used as "slave" units, and they were more offline than they were in use. FMG is looking to fit 910-917 to the same specifications as 901-909. 916 is currently in the shop. On 1 August 2008, Union Pacific Railroad announced that it would be retiring 21 of the SD90MAC locomotives. Common parts will be used to maintain the railroad's 710-engined SD90MAC fleet. The 265H prime mover will be cut up or exported. The only part that is not reusable is the frame. These units, in the 8900 series will be removed from storage in Denver, and will be sent to [[East St. Louis]], Ill., in small batches to be dismantled. As of 2019, Union Pacific still operates some of the remaining SD9043MACs, which sport new numbers and UP wings on the cab. These units take the original road numbers of the Union Pacific's original SD40-2 fleet. [[File:UP_SD9043MAC_3567_on_Altoona_Sub.png|left|thumb|250px|UP 3567, an SD9043MAC still in regular service in 2019]] Canadian Pacific's SD90MAC-H locomotives 9300-9303 (listed as SD90MAC6000s) were up for tendered sale in 2009. The bidding ended 31 March 2010. While they were originally thought to be shipped overseas, they were eventually moved to Quebec for scrapping. Canadian Pacific's SD90MAC locomotives, numbered in the 9100-9160 series had been in long term storage in Winnipeg, Manitoba, for much of the 2010 decade. Three units, the 9129, 9133 and 9138, were scrapped in November 2012 due to errors in preparing them for long term storage. The entire fleet had been put up for sale in November 2012 and again in January 2013 with no offers being received. These units remained stored until the winter of 2018 when at first 30, then all 58 remaining units entered a rebuild program to be converted into SD70ACUs. In 2021, Canadian Pacific purchased 40 more SD90MACs from the Union Pacific for further rebuilding into SD70ACU engines. In September 2014, Norfolk Southern purchased 100 4300&nbsp;hp SD9043MACs from Union Pacific with the intent to rebuild them into [[EMD SD70ACU|SD70ACU]]s at the [[Juniata Shops]]. The last 4 SD90MACs were taken delivery by Norfolk Southern on October 3, 2015, running parallel to [[Western Avenue (Chicago)|Western Avenue]] in [[Chicago]], IL. In 2015, [[Cummins]] rebuilt a single SD90MAC with its QSK95 engine, designed to meet [[United States emission standards|Tier 4]] emissions standards. Sygnet Rail Technologies and [[Brookville Equipment Corporation]] performed the conversion. The rebuild was designated '''HTL4200AC'''. The locomotive, numbered CECX {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 1919, had been Union Pacific {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 8559.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2015/11/10-inrd | title=Cummins Tier 4 freight locomotive headed to Indiana for testing | work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] | date=November 10, 2015 | access-date=November 11, 2015}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ==See also== *[[GE AC6000CW]] A similarly powerful locomotive built by [[GE Transportation|GE]] that entered production soon after the SD90MAC. *[[China Railways HXN3]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{EMD SDs}} {{UP Giants}} [[Category:C-C locomotives]] [[Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of the United States]] [[Category:Diesel locomotives of Western Australia]] [[Category:Electro-Motive Diesel locomotives|SD90MAC]] [[Category:Freight locomotives]] [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1995]] [[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States]] [[Category:Electro-Motive Division locomotives|SD90MAC]] [[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of Canada]] [[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of Australia]] [[Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of Australia]] [[Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of Canada]]'