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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Town in Kent, England}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{infobox UK place
| country = England
| official_name = Whitstable
| coordinates = {{coord|51.361|1.026|display=inline,title}}
| population = 32,100
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473|title=Town Population 2011|access-date=11 September 2016|publisher=City Populations|archive-date=18 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210545/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473|url-status=live}}</ref>
| shire_district = [[City of Canterbury]]
| shire_county = [[Kent]]
| region = South East England
| constituency_westminster = [[Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Canterbury]]
| post_town = Whitstable
| postcode_district = CT5
| postcode_area = CT
| dial_code = 01227
| os_grid_reference = TR107667
| static_image_name = Whitstable, Kent (39956504163).jpg
| static_image_alt = Aerial photograph showing town on left, harbour in the centre and sea on the right
}}
'''Whitstable''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɪ|t|s|t|ə|b|əl}})<!--We transcribe /hw/ when it occurs, and advise readers at the link that it is commonly pronounced as /enwiki/w/.--> is a town in the [[City of Canterbury|Canterbury]] district, on the north coast of [[Kent]] adjoining the convergence of the [[The Swale|Swale Estuary]] and the [[Greater Thames Estuary]] in southeastern England,<ref name=ATZ>{{cite book|title=Kent – A to Z street Atlas|publisher=Geographers A-Z Map Company Ltd.|isbn=9781843487555|page=226|work=Map of the Whitstable area|date=9 December 2015}}</ref> {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} north of [[Canterbury]] and {{convert|2|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} west of [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]]. The [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]] reported a population of 32,100.
The town, formerly known as Whitstable-on-Sea,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=W. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ|title=W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood|date=1884|publisher=W.J. Cox|language=en}}</ref> was famous for its 'Native Oysters' which were collected from beds beyond the low water mark from Roman times until the mid-20th century. The annual [[Whitstable Oyster Festival]] takes place during the summer.
In 1830, one of the earliest passenger railway services was opened<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Whitstable |volume=28 |page=612}}</ref> by the [[Canterbury and Whitstable Railway]] Company. In 1832 the company built a harbour and extended the line to handle coal and other bulk cargos for the City of Canterbury. The railway has closed but the harbour still plays an important role in the town's economy. The railway route, known as The Crab and Winkle Line, is now a cycle path which leads to the neighbouring city of Canterbury.
==History==
Archaeological finds indicate that the Whitstable area was inhabited during the [[Palaeolithic]] era, the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Up to 1000AD">{{cite web | title = Up to 1000AD | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425 | access-date = 20 May 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040442/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Prehistoric">{{cite book | last= Duckworth|first=W. L. H|title = Prehistoric Man| page = 83 }}</ref> Oysters were harvested in the area in [[ancient Rome|Roman]] times.<ref name="oyster">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Company | publisher = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | url = http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html | access-date =29 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501102314/http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 1 May 2007}}</ref> The remains of a Roman building have been found in the centre of the town. Charters indicate that there were [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] settlements where salt production and coastal trade occurred.<ref name="agrarian">{{cite book | last=Hallam |title = The Agrarian history of England and Wales| year =1988| page = 922 }}</ref> In the 19th century, extensive finds of Roman pottery were found in the sea around Whitstable during oyster dredging, and an offshore rock near the town has been associated with ''Caunos'', an island mentioned by [[Ptolemy]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Whitley - Whittering {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp555-557#h3-0022 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref>
The town was recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, under the name ''Witenestaple'',<ref>http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712113547/http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable</ref> meaning "the meeting place of the white post", a reference to a local landmark. At that time, Witenestaple was the administrative centre of the [[hundred (county division)|hundred]] of Witenestaple<ref>http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712082149/http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable Hundred</ref> which stretched from the coast to the village of [[Blean]], {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} north of Canterbury. In addition to Witenestaple, the hundred contained three [[Manorialism|manors]] at [[Seasalter]], Northwood and [[Swalecliffe]]. Whitstable hundred was located within the [[Lathe of St. Augustine|Lathe of St Augustine]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>
The Seasalter and Swalecliffe manors were owned by the church, and the manor at Northwood was run by a noble family on behalf of the king. Fisheries were located at the Seasalter manor, [[saltworks]] were at the Northwood manor, and pigs were farmed at the forest in Blean.<ref name = "1000 - 1500"/> By 1226, the name of the area had evolved into Whitstaple.<ref name = "place names"/> Saltworks were opened at the Seasalter manor around the turn of the 14th century, and a sea wall was built there in 1325 to prevent [[coastal flooding]].<ref name="1000 - 1500">{{cite web | title = 1000–1500 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040525/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426 | url-status = live }}</ref> The history and development of the town has determined and been determined by the shape and location of the coast which has changed over recorded history due to natural events and human interventions.
By the late middle ages Whitstable had become a centre of [[Thames Estuary|Thames Estuary]] fishing, including for oysters, and was connected by road to [[Chestfield]] where archaeological finds evidence seafood consumption, as well as the [[Blean|Forest of Blean]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sweetinburgh |first=Sheila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3f32EUj3GgC&dq=medieval+whitstable&pg=PA60 |title=Later Medieval Kent, 1220-1540 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-0-85115-584-5 |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:Cobbled Street in Whitstable.jpg|right|thumb|Harbour Street in Whitstable Town Centre|alt=A narrow paved road, lined with shops]]
By 1413, the three manors had combined to form the Whitstaple manor, and had been sold to a religious foundation in [[Essex]].<ref name="1000 - 1500"/> The manor was seized by King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in the 16th century, and was given to the Minter family, originally from [[Ickham]]. Branches of the Minter family survive today in the same area).{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} A royal patent was granted in 1574 to the manor owner for the fishing of its oyster beds,<ref name = "oyster"/> and in the same year, the lands at Tankerton were incorporated into the manor. A [[copperas]] works was established at Tankerton in 1588, which operated until about 1830.<ref name="1500 - 1700">{{cite web | title = 1500–1700 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040430/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427 | url-status = live }}</ref> By 1610, the name Whitstaple had become Whitstable.<ref name="place names">{{cite web | title = Kent place names | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 24 December 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224113413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml | url-status = live }}</ref>
Around the mid-18th century, goods and passengers began to be transported by ship between London and Whitstable, and a [[toll road]] was built to the cathedral city of Canterbury. These improvements in transport led to the town's development as a seaside resort; the first advertisements for [[bathing machine]]s at Whitstable appeared in 1768. In 1790 the manor was sold to private landowners, and three years later the rights to harvest the oyster beds were bought by the newly established Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable,<ref name="1700 - 1800">{{cite web | title = 1700–1800 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040548/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | publisher = The National Archives | url = http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081012/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | url-status = live }}</ref> the successor to the Whitstable Company of Dredgers.<ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill | publisher = The Stationery Office Limited | url = https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083757/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> Between roughly 1775 and 1875 the [[well smack]]s or early [[longline fishing|longliners]] out of [[Barking, London|Barking]] and other local fishing ports would collect [[lugworm]]s and [[whelk]]s from Whitstable's [[fishing bait|bait]]-diggers and [[fishing dredge|dredgers]] before beginning their tour for [[cod|prime fish]] north to [[Iceland]]. Whelks suspended in net bags in the well could live for a while due to circulating water.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers">{{cite book|last=March|first=Edgar J.|title=Sailing Trawlers|year=1950}}</ref> In the 1880s, Whitstable was described as having "an unrivalled, and indeed unchallenged, position in the oyster world".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=W. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ&q=oyster|title=W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood|date=1884|publisher=W.J. Cox|pages=12|language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:Whitstable beach.jpg|right|thumb|Whitstable Beach]]
On 3 May 1830, the world's first entirely steam-hauled passenger and freight railway service was opened by the [[Canterbury and Whitstable Railway|Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company]].<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economics">{{cite book | title = Railway Economics |year= 1912}}</ref> Designed by [[William James]], the line ran six miles (10 km) from Westgate in Canterbury to Whitstable town centre. The railway line's initials—C&WR—and Whitstable's shellfish industry eventually led to its nickname, the Crab And Winkle Railway. The line carried coal arriving by sea in Whitstable to [[Canterbury]], delivered by [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] sailing from the [[North East England|north east of England]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=MAYO |first=KERRY |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139923501 |title=WHITSTABLE HISTORY TOUR. |date=2020 |publisher=AMBERLEY Publishing |isbn=978-1-3981-0277-4 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=1139923501}}</ref> At this time, the town also had a thriving [[shipbuilding]] industry.<ref name=":0" /> In the mid nineteenth century, [[Hoy (boat)|hoys]] also sailed regularly from [[Port of London|London]] to Whitstable.<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>
[[File:Whitstable Harbour, Kent, UK.jpg|thumb|right|Whitstable Harbour|alt=Several boats docked at a harbour]]
Trains were driven by a locomotive for part of the journey, but on inclined planes were pulled on ropes by steam-driven [[Stationary engine|stationary winding engines]] located at Tyler Hill and Clowes Wood.<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economy"/><ref name="crab"/> The locomotive used was the ''Invicta'', an 0-4-0 inclined cylinder tender locomotive built by [[Robert Stephenson]], the son of engineer [[George Stephenson]].<ref name="lines">{{cite book | last= Searle |first=Muriel Vivienne|title = Lost lines| year =1982| pages = 11–13 }}</ref><ref name="locomotives">{{cite book | last=Dendy Marshall|first=Chapman Frederick |title = A history of railway locomotives down to the end of the year 1831 | year = 1953 }}</ref> Whitstable harbour - also designed by [[Robert Stephenson|Stephenson]] - was opened by the railway company in 1832, and the rail line was extended to enable goods, mainly coal, to be directly transferred from ships onto the trains.<ref name="economy">{{cite book | last= Armstrong|first=Alan|title = The economy of Kent, 1640–1914| page = 195 }}</ref> In 1834, the world's first [[season ticket]]s were issued for the C&WR line.<ref name="lines"/> The harbour's size and positioning meant that it was the last place on England's east coast where [[barquentine]]s, [[schooner]]s and [[brigantine]]s transporting coal could operate, with sailing [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] serving Whitstable Harbour until the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Greenhill |first1=Basil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnBuBAAAQBAJ&dq=whitstable+colliers&pg=PT158 |title=Inshore Craft: Traditional Working Vessels of the British Isles |last2=Mannering |first2=Julian |date=2013-04-15 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-2260-3 |language=en}}</ref>
The ''Invicta'' locomotive was retired in 1840 and replaced by horses until a third winding engine was built at South Street.<ref name="crab">{{cite web | title =Crab and Winkle Way | publisher =Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf | access-date =29 July 2009 | archive-date =11 October 2011 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111011044406/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf | url-status =live }}</ref> The ''Invicta'' was kept for scrap, but in 1898 work began on its restoration, which continued intermittently until its completion in 1977 by the [[National Railway Museum]] in [[York]]. On 3 May 1980 the locomotive was returned to Canterbury to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the line.<ref name="lines"/> On Sunday 16 June 2019 Invicta was returned to the Whitstable Museum & Gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|title=Invicta {{!}} Whitstable Museum and Gallery|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221182153/https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Around the time of the construction of the Whitstable to Canterbury line, the local Gorrell stream was diverted into what was known as the Backwater reservoir, so as to prevent the railway needing to cross the estuary of the stream on damp and unstable land. The Gorrell Backwater was then filled through the stream itself as well as rain water drainage when the tide was in, and whilst out the water would be released into the newly built Whitstable Harbour. The reservoir unfortunately would contribute to the flooding of the town during years when the reservoir could not be drained, such as in 1897 and 1953 when weather conditions were exceptionally bad. This continued into the late 1960s, when fire engines were used to pump out large quantities of the water to prevent further flooding.
In the early 1970s, the present Gorrell Tank was built underground, with the Gorrell Car Park being in service above ground since.<ref name="tank">{{cite web| title = Parking on History| publisher = Oystertown| url = http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| access-date = 8 July 2017| archive-date = 1 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801041711/http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| url-status = live}}</ref>
In 1845, the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company was bought by the South Eastern Railway, who introduced steam locomotives capable of operating along the entire length of the railway.<ref name="lines"/> A direct rail route from Whitstable to London was established in 1860 when the [[London, Chatham and Dover Railway]] opened a station on what is now the [[Chatham Main Line]].<ref name="economy"/> On 16 November 1869, 71 buildings in the town were destroyed by a [[The Great Fire of Whitstable, 1869|fire]] which started at a shop near the harbour.<ref name="fire">{{cite book | last=Goodsall|first=Robert|title = Whitstable, Seasalter and Swalecliffe | year = 1938 }}</ref> In about 1854 the first branch of the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]], then known as the Naval Lads' Brigade, was established in the town by the Reverend Henry Barton.<ref name="Cadets">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Sea Cadets | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 31 October 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061031112320/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334 | url-status = live }}</ref>
[[Image:Harbourpanorama.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Whitstable harbour; the tarmac plant is visible in the background.|alt=Whitstable harbour]]
A plant to manufacture [[tarmacadam]] was built beside Whitstable Harbour in 1936. The harbour gradually fell into decay after the Second World War, but in 1958 the Whitstable Urban District Council purchased and repaired the harbour with the intention of rejuvenating the town's economy.<ref name="squay">{{cite web | title = South Quay public consultation | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040638/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y | url-status = live }}</ref>
The Crab and Winkle Line finally closed in 1953, but about a third of the line was reopened as a footpath and cycleway in 1999 under the stewardship of a local charity, the Crab and Winkle Line Trust.<ref name="crab"/> One of the main developments to the town in recent years was the Horsebridge project. Completed in 2005, it was designed to regenerate a dilapidated area of the town with the construction of new shops and houses, a town square, and a community centre with a performance space and art gallery.<ref name="then">{{cite book | last= Glover|first=M. R. |title = Whitstable Then and Now| year =2005| publisher = Nonsuch Publishing }}</ref>
===Oysters{{anchor|Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840|Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}===
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of Great Britain
| long_title = An Act for incorporating the Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable, in the County of Kent, and for the better ordering and Government of the Fishery.
| year = 1793
| citation = [[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 30 April 1793
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
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| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for granting certain Powers to the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company.
| year = 1840
| citation = [[3 & 4 Vict.]] c. lix
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 4 June 1840
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
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| repealing_legislation = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
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| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/3-4/59/pdfs/ukla_18400059_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
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{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act to incorporate and confer powers upon the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company to provide for the transfer to and vesting in that Company of the undertaking of the Company or Fraternity of Free Fishermen and Dredgermen of the Manor and Hundred of Faversham in the County of Kent to dissolve the said Company or Fraternity and for other purposes.
| year = 1930
| citation = [[20 & 21 Geo. 5]]. c. lxxiv
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 4 June 1930
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840}}
| amendments = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}
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| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act to provide for the alteration of the objects, powers and constitution of the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company; and for other purposes.
| year = 2017
| citation = [[List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 2017|2017]] c. i
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 27 April 2017
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| collapsed = yes
}}
Whitstable became famous for its native oysters produced by the three companies in the area: The '''Faversham Oyster Fishery Company''', the '''Seasalter and Ham Oyster Company''' and the '''Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company'''. Oysters have been farmed in Whitstable for centuries, but it was not until 1793 that the industry became highly regulated with the Act of Incorporation of the 'Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable' ([[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42) and are all unusual in that they own the freehold of the seabed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 |title=Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company |date=1724–1978 |others=<corpname>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</corpname>, <corpname>Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers, 1793-1896, Whitstable</corpname> |language=English}}</ref> But Whitstable oysters go even further back, almost two thousand years, to when the Romans discovered them and, regarding them as a delicacy, shipped them back live to Rome. They are a registered [[Protected Geographical Indication]] (PGI) product.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Product Specification "Whitstable Oysters" |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd369628fa8f54d6249ea1c/pfn-whitstable-oysters.pdf |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=}}</ref> At these companies' peak in the 1850s, they were sending as many as 80 million oysters a year to Billingsgate fish market. By then the plentiful oyster had become the food of the poor. Unfortunately the native oyster population drastically declined in the first half of the 20th century and a combination of pollution, disease, overfishing and the introduction of diseases proved fatal to the industry by the middle of the 20th century. Pacific Oysters are now farmed on the foreshore at Whitstable, owned by the Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company on a commercial scale producing up to 300 tons of sustainable shellfish per year. The farm was the subject of an investigation by the Marine Management Organisation in 2016 after allegations about the racks causing safety issues and blocking navigation for watercraft and swimmers. This ended in two independent navigational risk assessments commissioned by the MMO that concluded that the risk posed by the presence of the oyster farm remains [[ALARP]] or lower (broadly acceptable) and that the oyster farm’s activities met the requirements of the exemption relating to shellfish propagation and cultivation under the [[Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011]] ([[SI 2011]]/409) as amended (Article 13).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deployment of oyster trestles to the west of Whitstable Harbour |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deployment-of-oyster-trestles-to-the-west-of-whitstable-harbour |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |title=Oyster racks 'threatening lives' |date=15 January 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042641/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230628/https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf |date=31 January 2021 }} P9</ref>
==Governance==
Since 1918, Whitstable has been in the constituency of [[Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Canterbury]]. The [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for the constituency is [[Rosie Duffield]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], who was first elected in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]] after unseating long-serving [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP [[Julian Brazier]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Results 2017: Canterbury won by Labour for first time |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-40212652 |access-date=25 October 2021 |work=BBC News |date=9 June 2017}}</ref>
Whitstable, along with Herne Bay and Canterbury, is in the [[City of Canterbury]] [[Districts of England|local government district]]. The town comprises the five electoral wards of Tankerton, Seasalter, Chestfield and Swalecliffe, Gorrell and Harbour. These wards have 12 of the 50 seats on the [[City of Canterbury|Canterbury]] City Council. Following the [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|2009 local elections]], ten of those seats were held by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and two by the Labour Party.<ref>{{cite web | title = Members of the Council | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 | access-date = 29 July 2009 | archive-date = 7 July 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090707065750/http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 | url-status = live }}</ref> Whitstable has no parish or town council. In their lieu, the Official Planning Consultee was the Whitstable Society, membership of which is open to all, until Cllr. Ben Fitter-Harding removed it in 2020.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Whitstable Society | publisher = The Whitstable Society | url = http://whitstablesociety.info | access-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230633/https://www.whitstablesociety.info/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Geography==
Whitstable is on the north-east Kent coast. The town lies to the east of the outlet of [[The Swale]] into the [[Greater Thames Estuary]]. The town is {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} west of the seaside town of Herne Bay, {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} north-east of the town of [[Faversham]] and {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} north of the city of Canterbury; several small villages lie in between. The suburbs/villages of [[Tankerton]], [[Swalecliffe]] and [[Chestfield]] are at the eastern end of the town, [[Seasalter]] at the west, and South Street at the south. Chestfield has its own [[Civil parish|parish]] council. An area of protected woodland and grassland called [[Duncan Down]] lies to the south-east.
{{Geographic location
|title = '''Destinations from Whitstable'''
|Northwest = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|North = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|Northeast = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|West = [[The Swale]] (sea)
|Centre = Whitstable
|East = [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]] (town)
|Southwest = [[Graveney]] with [[Goodnestone, Swale|Goodnestone]] (civil parish)
|South = [[Blean]] (civil parish)
|Southeast = [[Chestfield]] and [[Swalecliffe]] (civil parish)
}}
The geology of the town consists mainly of [[London Clay]] (which covers most of North Kent).<ref>{{cite book | last=Woodward|first=Horrace B|title = Stanford's Geological Atlas | year = 1904 }}</ref> Much of the centre of the town is built on low-lying marshland.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle = Kent (county) | display=Kent | volume =15 }}</ref> Sea walls are in place to prevent coastal flooding. The land in the east is higher, with slopes down to the coast at Tankerton. The whole of the north-east Kent coast has been designated a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Geological Sites Map | publisher = Natureonthemap.org.uk | url = http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 3 March 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303182025/http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx | url-status = live }}</ref>
A very unusual (some say unique) shingle spit locally named "The Street" extends into the sea to the east of the harbour, formed by the local currents.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} A survey in 2019 discovered it is an especially heavy London clay, and is all that remains of the saltmarsh that once extended the length of the Swale.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} It is exposed at low tide, and visitors, ignoring the warning signs, are sometimes trapped by the advancing tide, needing to be rescued by the local [[RNLI]] lifeboat.
===Climate===
In East Kent, the warmest time of the year is July and August, when maximum temperatures average around 22 °C (71.6 °F). The coolest time of the year is January and February, when minimum temperatures average around 2 °C (35.6 °F).<ref name="metengland" /> East Kent's average maximum and minimum temperatures are around 1/2 °C higher than the national average.<ref name="metengland">{{cite web |title=Manston (Kent) UK climate averages |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305122657/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y |archive-date=5 March 2022 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=www.metoffice.gov.uk |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> Whitstable is sometimes warmer than other parts of [[Kent]] due to it being backed by the [[North Downs]] to the south.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kent weather exposed |publisher=BBC Kent |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/weather/features/kent_weather2.shtml |access-date=12 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426172737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/weather/features/kent_weather2.shtml |archive-date=26 April 2009 }}</ref>
East Kent's average annual rainfall is about 613 mm (24.1 in); October to January being the wettest months.<ref name="metengland" /> The national average annual rainfall is about 870 mm (34 in).<ref name="metengland"/> A recent drought caused Mid Kent Water to impose a [[hosepipe ban]] between August 2005<ref>{{cite web | title = Mid Kent Water Impose Further Water Restrictions | publisher = Mid Kent Water | url = http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm | access-date =29 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070321082321/http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 21 March 2007}}</ref> and February 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = Mid Kent Water Lifts Ban | publisher = HosePipeBan.org.uk | url = http://www.hosepipeban.org.uk/?p=52 | date = 27 February 2007 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230634/https://hosepipeban.org.uk/2007/02/27/mid-kent-water-lifts-ban/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
The nearest Met Office average data for each month as well as the current data reported on the BBC web site are from recording stations approximately {{convert|20|mi|km|sigfig=1}} away to east and west and do not well represent Whitstable weather.
==Demography==
{| class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
!colspan="4"|'''Whitstable Compared'''
|-
|'''2001 UK Census'''||'''Whitstable'''||'''Canterbury District'''||'''England'''
|-
|Total population||30,195||135,278||49,138,831
|-
|Foreign born||4.5%||5.1%||9.2%
|-
|White||98%||97%||91%
|-
|Asian||0.6%||1.6%||4.6%
|-
|Black||0.2%||0.5%||2.3%
|-
|Christian||74%||73%||72%
|-
|Muslim||0.3%||0.6%||3.1%
|-
|Hindu||0.1%||0.4%||1.1%
|-
|No religion||16%||17%||15%
|-
|Over 65 years old||23%||19%||16%
|-
|Unemployed||2.5%||2.7%||3.3%
|}
At the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK census]], Whitstable area [[Wards of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]]s had a population of 30,195 and a population density of 10.3 persons per [[hectare]].<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk">{{cite web | title = Neighbourhood Statistics | publisher = Statistics.gov.uk | url = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 25 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525195139/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
The ethnicity of the town was 98.2% white, 0.8% mixed race, 0.2% Chinese, 0.4% other Asian, 0.2% black and 0.2% other. The place of birth of residents was 95.5% United Kingdom, 0.6% Republic of Ireland, 1.2% other Western European countries, and 2.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 74.8% Christian, 0.3% Muslim, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.2% Jewish, 0.1% Hindu and 0.1% Sikh. 15.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.4% had an alternative religion and 8.1% did not state their religion.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The age distribution was 5% aged 0–4 years, 14% aged 5–15 years, 4% aged 16–19 years, 28% aged 20–44 years, 26% aged 45–64 years and 23% aged 65 years and over. The town has a high percentage of residents over 65, compared with the national average of 16%.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/> As a seaside town, Whitstable is a popular retirement destination.
Of the town's 13,155 households, 49.0% were married couples, 7.8% were [[Cohabitation|cohabiting]] couples and 8.0% were lone parents. 30.7% of households were individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone at pensionable age. 26.4% of households included children aged under 16, or a person aged 16 to 18 who was in full-time education.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
==Economy==
According to the 2001 UK census, the economic activity of residents in the town aged 16–74 was 35.6% in full-time employment, 13.4% in part-time employment, 10.4% self-employed, 2.5% unemployed, 2.4% students with jobs, 3.4% students without jobs, 18.8% retired, 6.7% looking after home or family, 4.5% permanently sick or disabled and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons. The percentage of retired people was significantly higher than the national figure of 13.5%. The unemployment rate of 2.5% was lower than the national rate of 3.3%. 12% of the town's residents aged 16–74 had a [[higher education]] qualification or the equivalent, compared to 20% nationwide.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The main activities at the harbour are fishing, fish processing, cargo handling and boat storage.<ref>{{cite web | title =Whitstable Harbour Annual Report 2006-07 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/harbour/harbourannualreport2006.pdf| access-date =23 April 2007 }}</ref> The harbour area is the site for other industries such as tarmac manufacturing and a maintenance port for an offshore [[windfarm]].<ref name="Whitstable Harbour">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Harbour | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419 | access-date = 23 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040609/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419 | url-status = live }}</ref> Business parks located on the outskirts of the town provide premises for large retailers, offices and light industries.<ref name="Whitstable Enterprise Centre">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Enterprise Centre | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11 | access-date = 23 April 2007 | archive-date = 5 February 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070205070244/http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11 | url-status = live }}</ref>
The town's distinctive character and ambience has led to a strong tourist industry, which is promoted each year by the Oyster Festival. In early 2007, Canterbury City Council were planning to boost tourism by building retail developments in addition to the existing shopping centre.<ref name="Whitstable planning strategy">{{cite web | title = Whitstable planning strategy | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040653/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref>
The 2001 UK census reported the industry of employment of residents of Whitstable as 18% retail, 13% health and social work, 12% manufacturing, 11% education, 10% real estate, 9% construction, 7% transport and communications, 5% public administration, 5% hotels and restaurants, 4% finance, 1% agriculture and 5% other community, social or personal services. Compared to national figures, the town had a relatively high number of workers in the construction, education, and health/social care industries and a relatively low number in manufacturing, finance, and real estate.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/> Many residents commute to work outside the town; at the 2001 census, there were 13,260 employed residents, but only 9,725 jobs within the town.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The high level of employees in teaching is possibly due to the town's proximity to Canterbury, which has three higher education establishments.<ref name="Boosting our local economy">{{cite web | title = Boosting our local economy | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040449/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref> The elderly population of the town has led to many health and social care jobs at local care homes and at the Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital.<ref name="Hospital">{{cite web | title = Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital | publisher = NHS | url = http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070415150739/http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 15 April 2007}}</ref> At the 2001 census, 1.3% of the town's population resided in a medical or care establishment, compared to the national average of only 0.8%.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
==Transport==
[[Image:North East Kent.svg|right|thumb|North-east Kent|alt=A map of north-east Kent, with urban areas shaded in grey. Labels mark the locations of the Thames Estuary, the Isle of Sheppey, Whitstable, Herne Bay, Margate, Ramsgate, Sandwich, Deal, Faversham and Canterbury]]
[[Whitstable railway station]] is on the [[Chatham Main Line]], which runs between [[Ramsgate railway station|Ramsgate]] in East Kent and [[London Victoria station|London Victoria]]. Other stations on this line include [[Broadstairs railway station|Broadstairs]], [[Margate railway station|Margate]] [[Herne Bay railway station|Herne Bay]], [[Faversham railway station|Faversham]], [[Gillingham railway station (Kent)|Gillingham]], [[Rochester railway station|Rochester]] and [[Bromley South railway station|Bromley South]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Timetable | publisher = National Rail Enquiries | url = http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt | access-date = 29 March 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070328161700/http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt | archive-date = 28 March 2007 }}</ref> Whitstable is around 1 hour and 30 minutes from London Victoria, ten minutes more than in 2009 due to the introduction of [[High Speed 1|HS1]] services further up the line. On weekdays, during the morning and evening peaks, there is a direct service to London's [[Cannon Street station]], provided primarily for business commuting; these trains run to Cannon Street in the morning and back in the evening. All services are operated by [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]].
A [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] coach service runs between [[Victoria coach station|London Victoria]] and Ramsgate.<ref>{{cite web | title = Timetable | publisher = National Express | url = http://www.nationalexpress.com/bp/b2.cfm?id=84618113 | access-date =29 March 2007 }}</ref>
There is a [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]] bus service, branded as the ''Triangle'', running about every fifteen minutes to neighbouring Herne Bay and Canterbury, where many Whitstable residents go to work and shop. Route 5 runs from the town to [[Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite web | title =East Kent – Timetables | publisher =Stagecoach | url =https://www.stagecoachbus.com/ | access-date =29 July 2009 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091002094320/https://www.stagecoachbus.com/ | archive-date =2 October 2009 }}</ref>
The [[A299 road]], known as the ''Thanet Way'', runs between [[Ramsgate]] and [[Faversham]] via Herne Bay and Whitstable; it merges with the [[M2 motorway (Great Britain)|M2 motorway]] at Faversham.
==Education==
Whitstable's secondary school is [[The Whitstable School]], formerly The Community College Whitstable. It is a [[secondary modern school]] which changed its name from Sir William Nottidge School in 1998. In 2009, 25% of its pupils gained at least five [[GCSE]]s at grades A*–C – this increased to 37% in 2011.<ref>{{cite news
|title = Schools in Kent
|publisher = BBC
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm
|date = 13 January 2010
|access-date = 1 June 2010
|archive-date = 31 January 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
The School was rated 'Requires Improvement' by Ofsted in March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ofsted | publisher = Ofsted | url = http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803 | date = 1 November 2015 | access-date = 1 November 2015 | archive-date = 19 November 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053214/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Many pupils living in Whitstable commute to schools in other nearby towns, especially to the [[Grammar schools in the United Kingdom|grammar schools]] in [[Faversham]] and [[Canterbury]].
The town's public primary schools are Whitstable Junior School, Whitstable and Seasalter Church of England Junior School, Westmeads Infant School, Swalecliffe Community Primary School, St Mary's Catholic Primary School, St Alphege C of E Primary School, Joy Lane Primary School.<ref>{{cite web | title = UK Schools and Colleges Database | publisher = Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk | url = http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015757/http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search | url-status = live }}</ref> The [[voluntary controlled school|voluntary controlled]] church schools are owned by the church, but like the other schools, are administered by [[Kent County Council]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Schools and the Church of England | publisher = Church of England | url = http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/ | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 3 February 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070203171238/http://cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>
Whitstable Adult Education Centre runs adult learning courses.<ref>{{cite web | title = Adult and community education | publisher = Kent County Council | url = http://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/pages/common/KentAdultEducation.aspx?pg=2150 | access-date = 29 July 2009 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230636/https://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Culture==
===Events and venues===
The longest established event is the Regatta, dating from a sailing contest between 26 boats from Whitstable and Faversham which was split into three classes (divisions) in 1792. A reporter at the scene wrote: "Much nautical skill was displayed in the maneuvering of the various squadrons. Every hoy, smack, wherry etc. in the vicinity of Whitstable was crowded with company and formed quite a fair upon the ocean." In addition, at least two of the spectating boats had bands aboard and tents were erected along the shore which was lined with spectators.<ref>{{cite book | title = History of Whitstable, Seasalter & Swalecliffe |author=Robert Goodsall, quoting Kentish Gazette of 1792 | year =1938 }}</ref>
The Regatta continued to become the biggest event on the North Kent Coast in the 19th century. It has moved from the original Whitstable to Tankerton for more land based events with fairground and fireworks on the elevated Slopes. For many years run by the council, the Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club have taken it on in the last 31 years. Future events will be more sea borne with yachting and rowing, and plans for swimming and even the traditional greasy pole.
[[May Day]] is celebrated with the annual [[Jack-in-the-Green]] parade, with traditional English dancing throughout the town, a fair at Whitstable Castle and a [[maypole]] dance by local schoolchildren overlooking the sea. It has been run by Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club for 34 years.
The importance of oysters to the tradition of Whitstable is celebrated with the Oyster Festival in July each year. The nine-day festival starts with an opening parade on the nearest Saturday to [[James, son of Zebedee|St James' Day]]. The parade starts with the official "Landing of the Catch", followed by the procession of the oysters in a horse-drawn dray through the town, stopping to deliver the catch to local restaurants, cafes and public houses. The rest of the festival consists of entertainment for both adults and children, with local art on display around the town, and many establishments offering local fish dishes.<ref name="festival">{{cite web | title = Whitstable and the Oyster Festival history | publisher = Whitstable and the Oyster Festival | url = http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061219183705/http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 19 December 2006}}</ref>
The [[Whitstable Museum and Gallery]] displays artefacts and portraits relating to the town's seafaring traditions, with special features on oysters, diving and shipping. In 2001, the Museum was awarded the international Nautiek Award for services to diving history.<ref name="museum">{{cite web | title = Whitstable museum and art gallery | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 26 June 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070626212307/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394 | url-status = live }}</ref>
The [[Playhouse Theatre Whitstable]] is owned and administered by theatrical group, [[The Lindley Players Ltd]]. The theatre is regularly hired out to other local groups such as The Canterbury Players, Herne Bay Operatic Society, Theatrecraft & The Deborah Capon College. More recently Nick Wilty has adopted the venue to host the OyOyster Comedy nights, attracting stars including [[Harry Hill]], [[Jo Brand]] and [[Paul Merton]].<ref name="playhouse">{{cite web| title =The Playhouse Theatre| publisher =theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk| url =http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/| access-date =21 April 2007| archive-date =30 April 2007| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070430235937/http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/| url-status =live}}</ref>
The Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre opened in March 2004 as part of the Horsebridge redevelopment. Built with an "upturned boat" design, and three floors totalling {{convert|900|m2|sqft}}, the centre contains an art gallery, a performance space, art workshops, a learning area, and conference rooms.<ref name="centre">{{cite web | title = Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre | publisher = Horsebridge-centre.org.uk | url = http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node/5 | access-date = 1 August 2009 | archive-date = 27 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090827222931/http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node%2F5 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite book | title = Cultural tourism in a changing world| author= Smith, Melanie K.| author2= Robinson, Mike| publisher = Channel View Publications|page=301 | year =2006 }}</ref> The building in 2004 won the [[Kent Design Awards|Kent Design Award]] in the Town and Village Renaissance category.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10 |title=Portfolio |website=clague.co.uk |year=2004 |access-date=16 January 2014 |archive-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061023/http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
There are monthly beach cleans carried out alone the Whitstable sea front. They are organised by the Canterbury Council Foreshore service in conjunction with the [[Marine Conservation Society]]. The location of the beach clean alternates each month between the beach by the Neptune pub and the [[Seasalter]] end. Times and dates can be obtained for the Fore shore services or the MCS South East Groups website, calendar page.
===Attractions and landmarks===
[[Image:Whitstable Castle 1.jpg|right|thumb|Whitstable Castle]]
[[Image:Whitstable mill.jpg|thumb|Black Mill|alt=A view down a short cul-de-sac lined with houses, with a black windmill at the far end, facing to the left of the picture]]
The town has [[Shingle beach|shingle]]/sandy beaches flanking the harbour, where sunbathing, swimming and water sports are popular. The beaches east and west are unique amongst seaside towns in the south-east of England for having no promenade; making them generally peaceful. An exception is Long Beach to the immediate east of the harbour where there is a base for jet skis. A notable feature of Whitstable is The Street, a natural strip of shingle on clay bank which runs out to sea at right angles to the coast, for a distance of about {{convert|1/2|mi|m|sigfig=1}}. It is the last remnant of the Swale river valley to the north of the town lost to sea erosion over millennia. Located to the east of the harbour, The Street is revealed only at low tide, when it is possible to walk out along it as well as swim either side in safe, sandy bottomed shallows.<ref name="street">{{cite web | title = Top 10 beaches in the UK | publisher = SHE magazine | url = http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185438/http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6 | url-status = live }}</ref> A view of The Street can be seen on the hilltop lawns of Tankerton Slopes.<ref name="Tankerton Slopes">{{cite web | title = Tankerton Slopes | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 15 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090815221046/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true | url-status = live }}</ref> The Slopes are home to the largest population in England of the rare Hog's [[Fennel]].<ref name="maritime">{{cite web | title = Whitstable | publisher = MaritimeHeritageTrail.co.uk | url = http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 22 October 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071022072426/http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Whitstable Castle is situated on the border of Whitstable and the suburb of [[Tankerton]]. It was originally built as an octagonal tower in 1789 by Charles Pearson, the owner of a [[Iron(II) sulfate|copperas]] company in the town and a future investor in the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. However, Pearson later added to the building, developing it into a manor house. In 1836 the house, then known as Tankerton Tower, was bought by London businessman and [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament (UK)|MP]] [[Wynne Ellis|Wynn Ellis]],<ref name=EB1911/> who by 1842 had added a west wing, a bell tower and a lodge. The building had become known as Tankerton Castle by 1897, although it is now commonly referred to as Whitstable Castle.<ref name="castle">{{cite web|title=The Story of Whitstable Castle |publisher=Whitstablecastle.co.uk |url=http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf |access-date=29 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104062540/http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 }}</ref> Now managed by the Whitstable Castle Trust, the castle grounds are a centre for community activity.<ref name="castleCCC">{{cite web | title =Whitstable Castle Lottery bid | publisher =Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319 | access-date =29 July 2009 | archive-date =22 August 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090822214545/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319 | url-status =live }}</ref>
[[Image:Maunsell Army Fort.jpg|right|thumb|The Maunsell sea forts, {{convert|9|mi|km}} off the coast of Whitstable|alt=The view from a boat of a site containing six sea forts. The forts have an octagonal shape, with rusty metal walls and two rows of windows. Each fort is supported by four legs jutting from the sea at an angle]]
Off the coast of Whitstable is [[Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm|Kentish Flats offshore windfarm]], consisting of 30 [[wind turbine]]s, each {{convert|140|m|ft|0}} high, providing enough electricity to power 70,000 households.<ref name="windfarm">{{cite web | title = Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm | publisher = Vattenfall | url = http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 13 July 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090713042848/http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp | url-status = live }}</ref> The now-redundant [[Shivering Sands Army Fort|Shivering Sands]] and Red Sands offshore [[World War II]] [[Maunsell Forts|sea forts]] are visible from the town's coast.<ref name="Maunsell">{{cite web | title = The Maunsell Sea Forts | publisher = Whitstablescene.co.uk | url = http://www.whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 23 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090123064542/http://whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> Sailing trips are available from the harbour to the windfarm, the sea forts and a seal watching spot in the Thames Estuary.<ref name="trips">{{cite web | title = Bayblast Marine | publisher = VisitCanterbury.co.uk | url = http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 28 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928213125/http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Island Wall, the closest street to the seafront, has numerous buildings dating from the mid-19th century including the Neptune and Wall Tavern pubs, and the Dollar Row cottages, which were built from the proceeds of a salvage operation on a ship carrying silver dollars.<ref name="dollar">{{cite web | title = Diver's trail | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040403/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420 | url-status = live }}</ref> The street is home to the ''Favourite'', one of the few remaining Whitstable oyster [[yawl]]s.<ref name="favourite">{{cite web | title = Favourite Oyster Yawl | publisher = National Historic Ships | url = http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824 | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 20 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090820082737/http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824 | url-status = live }}</ref> Built in 1890, it is now managed by the Favourite Trust, a charitable trust who undertake fund raising to maintain the historical vessel.<ref name="Favourite Trust">{{cite web | title = Favourite Trust | publisher = Favourite Trust | url = http://www.favourite.org.uk | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 25 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070325041241/http://www.favourite.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> A traditional [[Black Mill, Whitstable|windmill]] on Borstal Hill, built in 1815, is used as a motel.
[[Image:Old Neptune, Whitstable.jpg|right|thumb|The Old Neptune pub on Whitstable seafront]]
The town is criss-crossed by numerous small alleys, once used by fishermen to reach the beach. Many of these are now registered as public rights of way and are still in frequent use. Squeeze Gut Alley whose name suggests (erroneously) that most people have to walk sideways due to its narrowness, is one of the more notable.<ref name="Whitstable Alleyways">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Alleyways | publisher = SeeWhitstable.com | url = http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html | year = 2006 | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 26 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426075729/http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
The town claims to have the largest village green in England at [[Duncan Down]] ({{convert|52|acre|m2}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406 |title=Duncan Down, Green Flag Awards, Keep Britain Tidy. Retrieved 28 September 2011 |access-date=28 September 2011 |archive-date=17 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117210449/http://www.keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Duncan Down village green | publisher = Independent Media Publications | url = http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct | access-date = 30 September 2009 | archive-date = 18 October 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151018183746/http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct | url-status = live }}</ref>
===Sport===
The town is a popular destination for watersport enthusiasts. Established in 1904, the Whitstable Yacht Club is one of the oldest yacht clubs in England and takes part in local and national competitions throughout the year.<ref name="Whitstable Yacht Club">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Yacht Club | publisher = Whitstable Yacht Club | url = http://www.wyc.org.uk/ | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070424174325/http://www.wyc.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Each year, the town hosts the International Waterski Championships.<ref name="guide">{{cite web | title = Canterbury Guide to Places to Stay | publisher = Resort-guide.co.uk | url = http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42 | year = 2005 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 29 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100540/http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42 | url-status = live }}</ref>
In May 2007, [[Whitstable Town F.C.|Whitstable Town Football Club]], based at the Belmont ground, won promotion from the [[Kent Football League|Kent League]] to the [[Isthmian League Division One South]].<ref name="wfc">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Town FC | publisher = Whitstable Town FC | url = http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/ | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 20 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080516/http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Whitstable Rugby Football Club 1st XV also won promotion in 2007, to the London League. The club has a 2nd XV team which play in the East Kent League 2.<ref name="rugby">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Rugby Football Club | publisher = Whitstable Rugby Football Club | url = http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/ | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 4 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070304090751/http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
Whitstable has a council-owned swimming pool and sports centre with facilities for [[badminton]], [[5-a-side|5-a-side football]], [[volleyball]], [[cricket]] and [[tennis]].<ref name="Whitstable Sports Centre">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Sports Centre | publisher = Active Life Ltd. | url = http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 29 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929183044/http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php | url-status = live }}</ref> A 10-pin bowling centre is located next door to the swimming pool. There is also an outdoor basketball court at the Rec near the swimming pool.
Windsurfing is common off the West Quay, usually at low tide in southwesterly winds. Kite surfing has become popular in recent years usually taking place east of the Harbour, due to its flat water conditions and exposure to the open sea.
===Local media===
The four local newspapers are the KM Group owned ''Whitstable Gazette'' and ''KM Extra'', YourCanterbury part of KOS Ltd. and the [[Northcliffe Media]]-owned ''Whitstable Times''.<ref>{{cite web | title = KM Publications | publisher = Kent Online | url = http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/ | access-date = 14 April 2007 | archive-date = 1 June 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210007/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Regionals | url = http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/ | access-date =14 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070127024633/http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/ <!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date = 27 January 2007 }}</ref>
During the 1960s, several [[Pirate radio in the United Kingdom|pirate radio stations]] broadcast from the nearby Shivering Sands and Red Sands offshore sea forts. These included Radio Invicta,<ref name="Bell pages 314-316">{{cite book| author-last= Bell | author-first= Robin| title= The History of British Rock and Roll: The Beat Boom 1963 – 1966| date= 15 February 2016| publisher = Robin Bell Books, Sweden | isbn= 978-9198191653}}</ref> KING Radio,<ref name="Bishop">{{cite book |last = Bishop |first = Gerry |title = Offshore Radio |publisher = Iceni Enterprises, Norwich |year = 1975 |isbn = 0-904603-00-8}}</ref> Radio Sutch (launched by [[Screaming Lord Sutch]]),<ref name= "Le Roi">{{cite web| last= Le Roi| first= Bob| url= http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html| title= Radio Sutch & City Pictures - Part 1 Issue : 9| date= 15 August 2018| access-date= 19 September 2018| archive-date= 20 May 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130520081926/http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html| url-status= live}}</ref> [[Radio City (pirate radio station)|Radio City]],<ref name= NYT>{{cite web |url= http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/ |title= All Hail Sealand |date= 20 March 2012 |work= [[The New York Times]] |last= Jacobs |first= Frank |access-date= 18 September 2018 |archive-date= 6 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211748/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/ |url-status= live }}</ref> and [[Radio 390]].<ref name="Lister">{{cite book | author-last= Lister | author-first= Brian | title= Pirate Gold: The real story behind the offshore radio stations of the 1960s |publisher= Sound Concepts| date=2017| isbn=978-0-244-01718-7| edition= Kindle }}</ref>
Local television news programmes are [[BBC South East Today]] and [[ITV News Meridian]].
[[BBC]] local radio station is [[BBC Radio Kent]] on 96.7 FM.
Whitstable has a local radio station in [[KMFM Canterbury]] which also serves Canterbury and Herne Bay. It was previously known as ''CTFM'', until it was taken over by the [[KM Group]] in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = kmfm | publisher = MediaUK.com | url = http://www.mediauk.com/radio/29 | access-date = 14 April 2007 | archive-date = 3 April 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050403195443/http://mediauk.com/radio/29 | url-status = live }}</ref> County-wide station [[Heart Kent]] (formerly Invicta FM) was based on the John Wilson business park in the town. In 2019, Heart Kent was rebranded under the [[Heart South]] banner.
Whitstable also has a community radio station which broadcasts online and is known as Whitstable Bay Radio (WBR) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitstablebayradio.co.uk/ |title=Home |website=whitstablebayradio.co.uk}}</ref>
===Popular culture===
The playwright and novelist [[W. Somerset Maugham]] was sent to live with his uncle in Whitstable, at age 10, after the death of his parents.<ref name="maugham uncle">{{cite web | title = Somerset Maugham | publisher = Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk | url = http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 9 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070409114358/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> His novels ''[[Of Human Bondage]]'' (1915) and ''[[Cakes and Ale]]'' (1930) are set in the fictional town of Blackstable. It is obvious that he based this town on Whitstable, as the names and description of places around Blackstable, including The Duke of Cumberland Inn and Joy Lane, are identical to places around Whitstable.<ref name="maugham">{{cite news | title = Sea for sadness and solitude | work = The Telegraph| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=/property/2002/04/24/pwhitst.xml | date = 24 April 2002 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | location = London | first = Sarah | last = Lonsdale | archive-date = 6 January 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080106214432/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fproperty%2F2002%2F04%2F24%2Fpwhitst.xml | url-status = dead }}</ref>
Whitstable is the hometown of the narrator, Nancy Astley, in [[Sarah Waters]]' 1998 novel ''[[Tipping the Velvet]]''.<ref name="velvet">{{cite web | title =Tipping the Velvet | publisher =Powell's Books | url =http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt | access-date =19 April 2007 | archive-date =26 September 2007 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223928/http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt | url-status =live }}</ref> Whitstable also featured in the [[Tipping the Velvet (TV series)|2002 BBC drama adaptation]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations |title=IMDB, Tipping the Velvet (2002), Filming Locations |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=29 June 2018 |archive-date=17 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317030843/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations |url-status=live }}</ref> The Old Neptune Pub on the seafront was used as a filming location for the 2006 movie ''[[Venus (2006 film)|Venus]]'', for which the actor [[Peter O'Toole]] earned an [[Academy Award]] nomination.<!-- blank page<ref name="venus">{{cite web | title = Venus and Whitstable | publisher = Kent Film Office | url = http://www.kent.gov.uk/enwiki/static/film-office/news/venus.html | access-date =19 April 2007 }}</ref>--><ref>{{cite web | title = Peter O'Toole, A winner in waiting | publisher = TheIrishWorld.com | url = http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911 | access-date = 5 June 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150509203608/http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911 | archive-date = 9 May 2015 }}</ref>
Whitstable features prominently in the 2021 [[AcornTV]] series ''[[Whitstable Pearl]]'', starring [[Kerry Godliman]], in which a restaurateur fancies herself a private detective in the seaside town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acorn.tv/whitstablepearl/ |title=Whitstable Pearl |access-date=24 May 2021 }}</ref>
==Notable people==
* [[Donald Hewlett]], actor lived in town
* [[Siobhan Hewlett]], actor, writer,producer,director
* [[Hervey Alan]], operatic bass
* [[Peter Cushing]], actor, lived in the town<ref>{{cite web | title = Peter Cushing | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411 | access-date = 29 May 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040555/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Alan Davies]], comedian
* [[Brian Haw]], protester
* [[Val Hennessy]], journalist
* [[Harry Hill]], comedian, has his primary residence in the town
* [[Matthew Holness]], comedian and actor (''[[Garth Marenghi's Darkplace]]'', ''[[Man to Man with Dean Learner]]'')
* [[Hugh Hopper]] (1945-2009), fusion jazz/rock bassist
* [[Paul Jewell]], Liverpool born [[Premier League]] English football manager
* [[W. Somerset Maugham]] lived in Whitstable in his early years
* [[Fiona Reid]], English-born Canadian actress
* [[Peter Shearing]], former professional footballer
* [[Dawn Steele]], Scottish actress
* [[Violet Wood]] (1899–2012), formerly the oldest documented living person in the [[United Kingdom]], lived in the town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |title=Bedfordshire onsunday has closed |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024427/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Twin towns==
Whitstable is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following towns:<ref name="towns:">{{cite web|url=http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16|publisher=Canterbury City Council|title=Whitstable|access-date=11 May 2006|archive-date=27 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427214439/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Dainville|Dainville, France]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia|Borken, Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Říčany|Říčany, Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Albertslund Municipality|Albertslund, Denmark]]
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Mölndal|Mölndal, Sweden]]
Whitstable has friendship links with:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403|publisher=Kent Life|title=A Twinning formula|date=20 January 2011|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527022830/https://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Grabow|Grabow, Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Greenland}} [[Sisimiut|Sisimiut, Greenland]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Bolków|Bolków, Poland]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Lviv|Lviv, Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[East Renfrewshire|East Renfrewshire, Scotland]]
==In popular culture==
Author [[Russell Hoban]] repurposes Whitstable as "Widders Bel" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel ''[[Riddley Walker]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|title=Places - Riddley Walker Annotations|website=Errorbar|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025537/http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|url-status=live}}</ref>
==References==
{{Portal|Kent}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Whitstable}}
{{commons category|Whitstable}}
{{Canterbury}}
{{Kent}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Whitstable| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Kent]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in England]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Kent]]
[[Category:Beaches of Kent]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Kent]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Kent]]
[[Category:City of Canterbury]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Kent]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Town in Kent, England}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{infobox UK place
| country = England
| official_name = Whitstable
| coordinates = {{coord|51.361|1.026|display=inline,title}}
| population = 32,100
| population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473|title=Town Population 2011|access-date=11 September 2016|publisher=City Populations|archive-date=18 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210545/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473|url-status=live}}</ref>
| shire_district = [[City of Canterbury]]
| shire_county = [[Kent]]
| region = South East England
| constituency_westminster = [[Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Canterbury]]
| post_town = Whitstable
| postcode_district = CT5
| postcode_area = CT
| dial_code = 01227
| os_grid_reference = TR107667
| static_image_name = Whitstable, Kent (39956504163).jpg
| static_image_alt = Aerial photograph showing town on left, harbour in the centre and sea on the right
}}
'''Whitstable''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɪ|t|s|t|ə|b|əl}})<!--We transcribe /hw/ when it occurs, and advise readers at the link that it is commonly pronounced as /enwiki/w/.--> is a town in the [[City of Canterbury|Canterbury]] district, on the north coast of [[Kent]] adjoining the convergence of the [[The Swale|Swale Estuary]] and the [[Greater Thames Estuary]] in southeastern England,<ref name=ATZ>{{cite book|title=Kent – A to Z street Atlas|publisher=Geographers A-Z Map Company Ltd.|isbn=9781843487555|page=226|work=Map of the Whitstable area|date=9 December 2015}}</ref> {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} north of [[Canterbury]] and {{convert|2|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} west of [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]]. The [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]] reported a population of 32,100.
The town, formerly known as Whitstable-on-Sea,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=W. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ|title=W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood|date=1884|publisher=W.J. Cox|language=en}}</ref> was famous for its 'Native Oysters' which were collected from beds beyond the low water mark from Roman times until the mid-20th century. The annual [[Whitstable Oyster Festival]] takes place during the summer.
In 1830, one of the earliest passenger railway services was opened<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Whitstable |volume=28 |page=612}}</ref> by the [[Canterbury and Whitstable Railway]] Company. In 1832 the company built a harbour and extended the line to handle coal and other bulk cargos for the City of Canterbury. The railway has closed but the harbour still plays an important role in the town's economy. The railway route, known as The Crab and Winkle Line, is now a cycle path which leads to the neighbouring city of Canterbury.
==History==
Archaeological finds indicate that the Whitstable area was inhabited during the [[Palaeolithic]] era, the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Up to 1000AD">{{cite web | title = Up to 1000AD | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425 | access-date = 20 May 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040442/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Prehistoric">{{cite book | last= Duckworth|first=W. L. H|title = Prehistoric Man| page = 83 }}</ref> Oysters were harvested in the area in [[ancient Rome|Roman]] times.<ref name="oyster">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Company | publisher = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | url = http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html | access-date =29 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501102314/http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 1 May 2007}}</ref> The remains of a Roman building have been found in the centre of the town. Charters indicate that there were [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] settlements where salt production and coastal trade occurred.<ref name="agrarian">{{cite book | last=Hallam |title = The Agrarian history of England and Wales| year =1988| page = 922 }}</ref> In the 19th century, extensive finds of Roman pottery were found in the sea around Whitstable during oyster dredging, and an offshore rock near the town has been associated with ''Caunos'', an island mentioned by [[Ptolemy]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Whitley - Whittering {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp555-557#h3-0022 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref>
The town was recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, under the name ''Witenestaple'',<ref>http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712113547/http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable</ref> meaning "the meeting place of the white post", a reference to a local landmark. At that time, Witenestaple was the administrative centre of the [[hundred (county division)|hundred]] of Witenestaple<ref>http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712082149/http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable Hundred</ref> which stretched from the coast to the village of [[Blean]], {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} north of Canterbury. In addition to Witenestaple, the hundred contained three [[Manorialism|manors]] at [[Seasalter]], Northwood and [[Swalecliffe]]. Whitstable hundred was located within the [[Lathe of St. Augustine|Lathe of St Augustine]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>
The Seasalter and Swalecliffe manors were owned by the church, and the manor at Northwood was run by a noble family on behalf of the king. Fisheries were located at the Seasalter manor, [[saltworks]] were at the Northwood manor, and pigs were farmed at the forest in Blean.<ref name = "1000 - 1500"/> By 1226, the name of the area had evolved into Whitstaple.<ref name = "place names"/> Saltworks were opened at the Seasalter manor around the turn of the 14th century, and a sea wall was built there in 1325 to prevent [[coastal flooding]].<ref name="1000 - 1500">{{cite web | title = 1000–1500 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040525/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426 | url-status = live }}</ref> The history and development of the town has determined and been determined by the shape and location of the coast which has changed over recorded history due to natural events and human interventions.
By the late middle ages Whitstable had become a centre of [[Thames Estuary|Thames Estuary]] fishing, including for oysters, and was connected by road to [[Chestfield]] where archaeological finds evidence seafood consumption, as well as the [[Blean|Forest of Blean]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sweetinburgh |first=Sheila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3f32EUj3GgC&dq=medieval+whitstable&pg=PA60 |title=Later Medieval Kent, 1220-1540 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-0-85115-584-5 |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:Cobbled Street in Whitstable.jpg|right|thumb|Harbour Street in Whitstable Town Centre|alt=A narrow paved road, lined with shops]]
By 1413, the three manors had combined to form the Whitstaple manor, and had been sold to a religious foundation in [[Essex]].<ref name="1000 - 1500"/> The manor was seized by King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in the 16th century, and was given to the Minter family, originally from [[Ickham]]. Branches of the Minter family survive today in the same area).{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} A royal patent was granted in 1574 to the manor owner for the fishing of its oyster beds,<ref name = "oyster"/> and in the same year, the lands at Tankerton were incorporated into the manor. A [[copperas]] works was established at Tankerton in 1588, which operated until about 1830.<ref name="1500 - 1700">{{cite web | title = 1500–1700 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040430/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427 | url-status = live }}</ref> By 1610, the name Whitstaple had become Whitstable.<ref name="place names">{{cite web | title = Kent place names | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 24 December 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224113413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml | url-status = live }}</ref>
Around the mid-18th century, goods and passengers began to be transported by ship between London and Whitstable, and a [[toll road]] was built to the cathedral city of Canterbury. These improvements in transport led to the town's development as a seaside resort; the first advertisements for [[bathing machine]]s at Whitstable appeared in 1768. In 1790 the manor was sold to private landowners, and three years later the rights to harvest the oyster beds were bought by the newly established Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable,<ref name="1700 - 1800">{{cite web | title = 1700–1800 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040548/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | publisher = The National Archives | url = http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081012/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | url-status = live }}</ref> the successor to the Whitstable Company of Dredgers.<ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill | publisher = The Stationery Office Limited | url = https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083757/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> Between roughly 1775 and 1875 the [[well smack]]s or early [[longline fishing|longliners]] out of [[Barking, London|Barking]] and other local fishing ports would collect [[lugworm]]s and [[whelk]]s from Whitstable's [[fishing bait|bait]]-diggers and [[fishing dredge|dredgers]] before beginning their tour for [[cod|prime fish]] north to [[Iceland]]. Whelks suspended in net bags in the well could live for a while due to circulating water.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers">{{cite book|last=March|first=Edgar J.|title=Sailing Trawlers|year=1950}}</ref> In the 1880s, Whitstable was described as having "an unrivalled, and indeed unchallenged, position in the oyster world".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=W. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ&q=oyster|title=W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood|date=1884|publisher=W.J. Cox|pages=12|language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:Whitstable beach.jpg|right|thumb|Whitstable Beach]]
On 3 May 1830, the world's first entirely steam-hauled passenger and freight railway service was opened by the [[Canterbury and Whitstable Railway|Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company]].<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economics">{{cite book | title = Railway Economics |year= 1912}}</ref> Designed by [[William James]], the line ran six miles (10 km) from Westgate in Canterbury to Whitstable town centre. The railway line's initials—C&WR—and Whitstable's shellfish industry eventually led to its nickname, the Crab And Winkle Railway. The line carried coal arriving by sea in Whitstable to [[Canterbury]], delivered by [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] sailing from the [[North East England|north east of England]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=MAYO |first=KERRY |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139923501 |title=WHITSTABLE HISTORY TOUR. |date=2020 |publisher=AMBERLEY Publishing |isbn=978-1-3981-0277-4 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=1139923501}}</ref> At this time, the town also had a thriving [[shipbuilding]] industry.<ref name=":0" /> In the mid nineteenth century, [[Hoy (boat)|hoys]] also sailed regularly from [[Port of London|London]] to Whitstable.<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>
[[File:Whitstable Harbour, Kent, UK.jpg|thumb|right|Whitstable Harbour|alt=Several boats docked at a harbour]]
Trains were driven by a locomotive for part of the journey, but on inclined planes were pulled on ropes by steam-driven [[Stationary engine|stationary winding engines]] located at Tyler Hill and Clowes Wood.<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economy"/><ref name="crab"/> The locomotive used was the ''Invicta'', an 0-4-0 inclined cylinder tender locomotive built by [[Robert Stephenson]], the son of engineer [[George Stephenson]].<ref name="lines">{{cite book | last= Searle |first=Muriel Vivienne|title = Lost lines| year =1982| pages = 11–13 }}</ref><ref name="locomotives">{{cite book | last=Dendy Marshall|first=Chapman Frederick |title = A history of railway locomotives down to the end of the year 1831 | year = 1953 }}</ref> Whitstable harbour - also designed by [[Robert Stephenson|Stephenson]] - was opened by the railway company in 1832, and the rail line was extended to enable goods, mainly coal, to be directly transferred from ships onto the trains.<ref name="economy">{{cite book | last= Armstrong|first=Alan|title = The economy of Kent, 1640–1914| page = 195 }}</ref> In 1834, the world's first [[season ticket]]s were issued for the C&WR line.<ref name="lines"/> The harbour's size and positioning meant that it was the last place on England's east coast where [[barquentine]]s, [[schooner]]s and [[brigantine]]s transporting coal could operate, with sailing [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] serving Whitstable Harbour until the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Greenhill |first1=Basil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnBuBAAAQBAJ&dq=whitstable+colliers&pg=PT158 |title=Inshore Craft: Traditional Working Vessels of the British Isles |last2=Mannering |first2=Julian |date=2013-04-15 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-2260-3 |language=en}}</ref>
The ''Invicta'' locomotive was retired in 1840 and replaced by horses until a third winding engine was built at South Street.<ref name="crab">{{cite web | title =Crab and Winkle Way | publisher =Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf | access-date =29 July 2009 | archive-date =11 October 2011 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111011044406/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf | url-status =live }}</ref> The ''Invicta'' was kept for scrap, but in 1898 work began on its restoration, which continued intermittently until its completion in 1977 by the [[National Railway Museum]] in [[York]]. On 3 May 1980 the locomotive was returned to Canterbury to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the line.<ref name="lines"/> On Sunday 16 June 2019 Invicta was returned to the Whitstable Museum & Gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|title=Invicta {{!}} Whitstable Museum and Gallery|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221182153/https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Around the time of the construction of the Whitstable to Canterbury line, the local Gorrell stream was diverted into what was known as the Backwater reservoir, so as to prevent the railway needing to cross the estuary of the stream on damp and unstable land. The Gorrell Backwater was then filled through the stream itself as well as rain water drainage when the tide was in, and whilst out the water would be released into the newly built Whitstable Harbour. The reservoir unfortunately would contribute to the flooding of the town during years when the reservoir could not be drained, such as in 1897 and 1953 when weather conditions were exceptionally bad. This continued into the late 1960s, when fire engines were used to pump out large quantities of the water to prevent further flooding.
In the early 1970s, the present Gorrell Tank was built underground, with the Gorrell Car Park being in service above ground since.<ref name="tank">{{cite web| title = Parking on History| publisher = Oystertown| url = http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| access-date = 8 July 2017| archive-date = 1 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801041711/http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| url-status = live}}</ref>
In 1845, the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company was bought by the South Eastern Railway, who introduced steam locomotives capable of operating along the entire length of the railway.<ref name="lines"/> A direct rail route from Whitstable to London was established in 1860 when the [[London, Chatham and Dover Railway]] opened a station on what is now the [[Chatham Main Line]].<ref name="economy"/> On 16 November 1869, 71 buildings in the town were destroyed by a [[The Great Fire of Whitstable, 1869|fire]] which started at a shop near the harbour.<ref name="fire">{{cite book | last=Goodsall|first=Robert|title = Whitstable, Seasalter and Swalecliffe | year = 1938 }}</ref> In about 1854 the first branch of the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]], then known as the Naval Lads' Brigade, was established in the town by the Reverend Henry Barton.<ref name="Cadets">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Sea Cadets | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 31 October 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061031112320/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334 | url-status = live }}</ref>
[[Image:Harbourpanorama.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Whitstable harbour; the tarmac plant is visible in the background.|alt=Whitstable harbour]]
A plant to manufacture [[tarmacadam]] was built beside Whitstable Harbour in 1936. The harbour gradually fell into decay after the Second World War, but in 1958 the Whitstable Urban District Council purchased and repaired the harbour with the intention of rejuvenating the town's economy.<ref name="squay">{{cite web | title = South Quay public consultation | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040638/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y | url-status = live }}</ref>
The Crab and Winkle Line finally closed in 1953, but about a third of the line was reopened as a footpath and cycleway in 1999 under the stewardship of a local charity, the Crab and Winkle Line Trust.<ref name="crab"/> One of the main developments to the town in recent years was the Horsebridge project. Completed in 2005, it was designed to regenerate a dilapidated area of the town with the construction of new shops and houses, a town square, and a community centre with a performance space and art gallery.<ref name="then">{{cite book | last= Glover|first=M. R. |title = Whitstable Then and Now| year =2005| publisher = Nonsuch Publishing }}</ref>
===Oysters{{anchor|Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840|Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}===
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of Great Britain
| long_title = An Act for incorporating the Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable, in the County of Kent, and for the better ordering and Government of the Fishery.
| year = 1793
| citation = [[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 30 April 1793
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation =
| related_legislation =
| status =
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text =
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for granting certain Powers to the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company.
| year = 1840
| citation = [[3 & 4 Vict.]] c. lix
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 4 June 1840
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/3-4/59/pdfs/ukla_18400059_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act to incorporate and confer powers upon the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company to provide for the transfer to and vesting in that Company of the undertaking of the Company or Fraternity of Free Fishermen and Dredgermen of the Manor and Hundred of Faversham in the County of Kent to dissolve the said Company or Fraternity and for other purposes.
| year = 1930
| citation = [[20 & 21 Geo. 5]]. c. lxxiv
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 4 June 1930
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840}}
| amendments = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}
| repealing_legislation =
| related_legislation =
| status =
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo5/20-21/74/pdfs/ukla_19300074_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act to provide for the alteration of the objects, powers and constitution of the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company; and for other purposes.
| year = 2017
| citation = [[List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 2017|2017]] c. i
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 27 April 2017
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930}}
| replaces =
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| repealing_legislation =
| related_legislation =
| status =
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| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/2017/1/contents/enacted
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
Whitstable became famous for its native oysters produced by the three companies in the area: The '''Faversham Oyster Fishery Company''', the '''Seasalter and Ham Oyster Company''' and the '''Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company'''. Oysters have been farmed in Whitstable for centuries, but it was not until 1793 that the industry became highly regulated with the Act of Incorporation of the 'Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable' ([[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42) and are all unusual in that they own the freehold of the seabed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 |title=Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company |date=1724–1978 |others=<corpname>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</corpname>, <corpname>Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers, 1793-1896, Whitstable</corpname> |language=English}}</ref> But Whitstable oysters go even further back, almost two thousand years, to when the Romans discovered them and, regarding them as a delicacy, shipped them back live to Rome. They are a registered [[Protected Geographical Indication]] (PGI) product.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Product Specification "Whitstable Oysters" |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd369628fa8f54d6249ea1c/pfn-whitstable-oysters.pdf |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=}}</ref> At these companies' peak in the 1850s, they were sending as many as 80 million oysters a year to Billingsgate fish market. By then the plentiful oyster had become the food of the poor. Unfortunately the native oyster population drastically declined in the first half of the 20th century and a combination of pollution, disease, overfishing and the introduction of diseases proved fatal to the industry by the middle of the 20th century. Pacific Oysters are now farmed on the foreshore at Whitstable, owned by the Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company on a commercial scale producing up to 300 tons of sustainable shellfish per year. The farm was the subject of an investigation by the Marine Management Organisation in 2016 after allegations about the racks causing safety issues and blocking navigation for watercraft and swimmers. This ended in two independent navigational risk assessments commissioned by the MMO that concluded that the risk posed by the presence of the oyster farm remains [[ALARP]] or lower (broadly acceptable) and that the oyster farm’s activities met the requirements of the exemption relating to shellfish propagation and cultivation under the [[Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011]] ([[SI 2011]]/409) as amended (Article 13).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deployment of oyster trestles to the west of Whitstable Harbour |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deployment-of-oyster-trestles-to-the-west-of-whitstable-harbour |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |title=Oyster racks 'threatening lives' |date=15 January 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042641/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230628/https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf |date=31 January 2021 }} P9</ref>
==Governance==
Since 1918, Whitstable has been in the constituency of [[Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Canterbury]]. The [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for the constituency is [[Rosie Duffield]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], who was first elected in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]] after unseating long-serving [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP [[Julian Brazier]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Results 2017: Canterbury won by Labour for first time |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-40212652 |access-date=25 October 2021 |work=BBC News |date=9 June 2017}}</ref>
Whitstable, along with Herne Bay and Canterbury, is in the [[City of Canterbury]] [[Districts of England|local government district]]. The town comprises the five electoral wards of Tankerton, Seasalter, Chestfield and Swalecliffe, Gorrell and Harbour. These wards have 12 of the 50 seats on the [[City of Canterbury|Canterbury]] City Council. Following the [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|2009 local elections]], ten of those seats were held by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and two by the Labour Party.<ref>{{cite web | title = Members of the Council | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 | access-date = 29 July 2009 | archive-date = 7 July 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090707065750/http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0 | url-status = live }}</ref> Whitstable has no parish or town council. In their lieu, the Official Planning Consultee was the Whitstable Society, membership of which is open to all, until Cllr. Ben Fitter-Harding removed it in 2020.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Whitstable Society | publisher = The Whitstable Society | url = http://whitstablesociety.info | access-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230633/https://www.whitstablesociety.info/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Geography==
Whitstable is on the north-east Kent coast. The town lies to the east of the outlet of [[The Swale]] into the [[Greater Thames Estuary]]. The town is {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} west of the seaside town of Herne Bay, {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} north-east of the town of [[Faversham]] and {{convert|8|km|mi|0}} north of the city of Canterbury; several small villages lie in between. The suburbs/villages of [[Tankerton]], [[Swalecliffe]] and [[Chestfield]] are at the eastern end of the town, [[Seasalter]] at the west, and South Street at the south. Chestfield has its own [[Civil parish|parish]] council. An area of protected woodland and grassland called [[Duncan Down]] lies to the south-east.
{{Geographic location
|title = '''Destinations from Whitstable'''
|Northwest = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|North = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|Northeast = [[Thames Estuary]] (sea)
|West = [[The Swale]] (sea)
|Centre = Whitstable
|East = [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]] (town)
|Southwest = [[Graveney]] with [[Goodnestone, Swale|Goodnestone]] (civil parish)
|South = [[Blean]] (civil parish)
|Southeast = [[Chestfield]] and [[Swalecliffe]] (civil parish)
}}
The geology of the town consists mainly of [[London Clay]] (which covers most of North Kent).<ref>{{cite book | last=Woodward|first=Horrace B|title = Stanford's Geological Atlas | year = 1904 }}</ref> Much of the centre of the town is built on low-lying marshland.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle = Kent (county) | display=Kent | volume =15 }}</ref> Sea walls are in place to prevent coastal flooding. The land in the east is higher, with slopes down to the coast at Tankerton. The whole of the north-east Kent coast has been designated a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Geological Sites Map | publisher = Natureonthemap.org.uk | url = http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 3 March 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303182025/http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx | url-status = live }}</ref>
A very unusual (some say unique) shingle spit locally named "The Street" extends into the sea to the east of the harbour, formed by the local currents.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} A survey in 2019 discovered it is an especially heavy London clay, and is all that remains of the saltmarsh that once extended the length of the Swale.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} It is exposed at low tide, and visitors, ignoring the warning signs, are sometimes trapped by the advancing tide, needing to be rescued by the local [[RNLI]] lifeboat.
===Climate===
In East Kent, the warmest time of the year is July and August, when maximum temperatures average around 22 °C (71.6 °F). The coolest time of the year is January and February, when minimum temperatures average around 2 °C (35.6 °F).<ref name="metengland" /> East Kent's average maximum and minimum temperatures are around 1/2 °C higher than the national average.<ref name="metengland">{{cite web |title=Manston (Kent) UK climate averages |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305122657/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y |archive-date=5 March 2022 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=www.metoffice.gov.uk |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> Whitstable is sometimes warmer than other parts of [[Kent]] due to it being backed by the [[North Downs]] to the south.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kent weather exposed |publisher=BBC Kent |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/weather/features/kent_weather2.shtml |access-date=12 June 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426172737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/weather/features/kent_weather2.shtml |archive-date=26 April 2009 }}</ref>
East Kent's average annual rainfall is about 613 mm (24.1 in); October to January being the wettest months.<ref name="metengland" /> The national average annual rainfall is about 870 mm (34 in).<ref name="metengland"/> A recent drought caused Mid Kent Water to impose a [[hosepipe ban]] between August 2005<ref>{{cite web | title = Mid Kent Water Impose Further Water Restrictions | publisher = Mid Kent Water | url = http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm | access-date =29 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070321082321/http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 21 March 2007}}</ref> and February 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = Mid Kent Water Lifts Ban | publisher = HosePipeBan.org.uk | url = http://www.hosepipeban.org.uk/?p=52 | date = 27 February 2007 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230634/https://hosepipeban.org.uk/2007/02/27/mid-kent-water-lifts-ban/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
The nearest Met Office average data for each month as well as the current data reported on the BBC web site are from recording stations approximately {{convert|20|mi|km|sigfig=1}} away to east and west and do not well represent Whitstable weather.
==Demography==
{| class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
!colspan="4"|'''Whitstable Compared'''
|-
|'''2001 UK Census'''||'''Whitstable'''||'''Canterbury District'''||'''England'''
|-
|Total population||30,195||135,278||49,138,831
|-
|Foreign born||4.5%||5.1%||9.2%
|-
|White||98%||97%||91%
|-
|Asian||0.6%||1.6%||4.6%
|-
|Black||0.2%||0.5%||2.3%
|-
|Christian||74%||73%||72%
|-
|Muslim||0.3%||0.6%||3.1%
|-
|Hindu||0.1%||0.4%||1.1%
|-
|No religion||16%||17%||15%
|-
|Over 65 years old||23%||19%||16%
|-
|Unemployed||2.5%||2.7%||3.3%
|}
At the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK census]], Whitstable area [[Wards of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]]s had a population of 30,195 and a population density of 10.3 persons per [[hectare]].<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk">{{cite web | title = Neighbourhood Statistics | publisher = Statistics.gov.uk | url = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1 | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 25 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525195139/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
The ethnicity of the town was 98.2% white, 0.8% mixed race, 0.2% Chinese, 0.4% other Asian, 0.2% black and 0.2% other. The place of birth of residents was 95.5% United Kingdom, 0.6% Republic of Ireland, 1.2% other Western European countries, and 2.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 74.8% Christian, 0.3% Muslim, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.2% Jewish, 0.1% Hindu and 0.1% Sikh. 15.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.4% had an alternative religion and 8.1% did not state their religion.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The age distribution was 5% aged 0–4 years, 14% aged 5–15 years, 4% aged 16–19 years, 28% aged 20–44 years, 26% aged 45–64 years and 23% aged 65 years and over. The town has a high percentage of residents over 65, compared with the national average of 16%.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/> As a seaside town, Whitstable is a popular retirement destination.
Of the town's 13,155 households, 49.0% were married couples, 7.8% were [[Cohabitation|cohabiting]] couples and 8.0% were lone parents. 30.7% of households were individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone at pensionable age. 26.4% of households included children aged under 16, or a person aged 16 to 18 who was in full-time education.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
==Economy==
According to the 2001 UK census, the economic activity of residents in the town aged 16–74 was 35.6% in full-time employment, 13.4% in part-time employment, 10.4% self-employed, 2.5% unemployed, 2.4% students with jobs, 3.4% students without jobs, 18.8% retired, 6.7% looking after home or family, 4.5% permanently sick or disabled and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons. The percentage of retired people was significantly higher than the national figure of 13.5%. The unemployment rate of 2.5% was lower than the national rate of 3.3%. 12% of the town's residents aged 16–74 had a [[higher education]] qualification or the equivalent, compared to 20% nationwide.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The main activities at the harbour are fishing, fish processing, cargo handling and boat storage.<ref>{{cite web | title =Whitstable Harbour Annual Report 2006-07 | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/harbour/harbourannualreport2006.pdf| access-date =23 April 2007 }}</ref> The harbour area is the site for other industries such as tarmac manufacturing and a maintenance port for an offshore [[windfarm]].<ref name="Whitstable Harbour">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Harbour | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419 | access-date = 23 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040609/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419 | url-status = live }}</ref> Business parks located on the outskirts of the town provide premises for large retailers, offices and light industries.<ref name="Whitstable Enterprise Centre">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Enterprise Centre | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11 | access-date = 23 April 2007 | archive-date = 5 February 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070205070244/http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11 | url-status = live }}</ref>
The town's distinctive character and ambience has led to a strong tourist industry, which is promoted each year by the Oyster Festival. In early 2007, Canterbury City Council were planning to boost tourism by building retail developments in addition to the existing shopping centre.<ref name="Whitstable planning strategy">{{cite web | title = Whitstable planning strategy | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040653/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref>
The 2001 UK census reported the industry of employment of residents of Whitstable as 18% retail, 13% health and social work, 12% manufacturing, 11% education, 10% real estate, 9% construction, 7% transport and communications, 5% public administration, 5% hotels and restaurants, 4% finance, 1% agriculture and 5% other community, social or personal services. Compared to national figures, the town had a relatively high number of workers in the construction, education, and health/social care industries and a relatively low number in manufacturing, finance, and real estate.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/> Many residents commute to work outside the town; at the 2001 census, there were 13,260 employed residents, but only 9,725 jobs within the town.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
The high level of employees in teaching is possibly due to the town's proximity to Canterbury, which has three higher education establishments.<ref name="Boosting our local economy">{{cite web | title = Boosting our local economy | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040449/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref> The elderly population of the town has led to many health and social care jobs at local care homes and at the Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital.<ref name="Hospital">{{cite web | title = Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital | publisher = NHS | url = http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070415150739/http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 15 April 2007}}</ref> At the 2001 census, 1.3% of the town's population resided in a medical or care establishment, compared to the national average of only 0.8%.<ref name="Statistics.gov.uk"/>
==Transport==
[[Image:North East Kent.svg|right|thumb|North-east Kent|alt=A map of north-east Kent, with urban areas shaded in grey. Labels mark the locations of the Thames Estuary, the Isle of Sheppey, Whitstable, Herne Bay, Margate, Ramsgate, Sandwich, Deal, Faversham and Canterbury]]
[[Whitstable railway station]] is on the [[Chatham Main Line]], which runs between [[Ramsgate railway station|Ramsgate]] in East Kent and [[London Victoria station|London Victoria]]. Other stations on this line include [[Broadstairs railway station|Broadstairs]], [[Margate railway station|Margate]] [[Herne Bay railway station|Herne Bay]], [[Faversham railway station|Faversham]], [[Gillingham railway station (Kent)|Gillingham]], [[Rochester railway station|Rochester]] and [[Bromley South railway station|Bromley South]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Timetable | publisher = National Rail Enquiries | url = http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt | access-date = 29 March 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070328161700/http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt | archive-date = 28 March 2007 }}</ref> Whitstable is around 1 hour and 30 minutes from London Victoria, ten minutes more than in 2009 due to the introduction of [[High Speed 1|HS1]] services further up the line. On weekdays, during the morning and evening peaks, there is a direct service to London's [[Cannon Street station]], provided primarily for business commuting; these trains run to Cannon Street in the morning and back in the evening. All services are operated by [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]].
A [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] coach service runs between [[Victoria coach station|London Victoria]] and Ramsgate.<ref>{{cite web | title = Timetable | publisher = National Express | url = http://www.nationalexpress.com/bp/b2.cfm?id=84618113 | access-date =29 March 2007 }}</ref>
There is a [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]] bus service, branded as the ''Triangle'', running about every fifteen minutes to neighbouring Herne Bay and Canterbury, where many Whitstable residents go to work and shop. Route 5 runs from the town to [[Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite web | title =East Kent – Timetables | publisher =Stagecoach | url =https://www.stagecoachbus.com/ | access-date =29 July 2009 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091002094320/https://www.stagecoachbus.com/ | archive-date =2 October 2009 }}</ref>
The [[A299 road]], known as the ''Thanet Way'', runs between [[Ramsgate]] and [[Faversham]] via Herne Bay and Whitstable; it merges with the [[M2 motorway (Great Britain)|M2 motorway]] at Faversham.
==Education==
Whitstable's secondary school is [[The Whitstable School]], formerly The Community College Whitstable. It is a [[secondary modern school]] which changed its name from Sir William Nottidge School in 1998. In 2009, 25% of its pupils gained at least five [[GCSE]]s at grades A*–C – this increased to 37% in 2011.<ref>{{cite news
|title = Schools in Kent
|publisher = BBC
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm
|date = 13 January 2010
|access-date = 1 June 2010
|archive-date = 31 January 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
The School was rated 'Requires Improvement' by Ofsted in March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ofsted | publisher = Ofsted | url = http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803 | date = 1 November 2015 | access-date = 1 November 2015 | archive-date = 19 November 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053214/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Many pupils living in Whitstable commute to schools in other nearby towns, especially to the [[Grammar schools in the United Kingdom|grammar schools]] in [[Faversham]] and [[Canterbury]].
The town's public primary schools are Whitstable Junior School, Whitstable and Seasalter Church of England Junior School, Westmeads Infant School, Swalecliffe Community Primary School, St Mary's Catholic Primary School, St Alphege C of E Primary School, Joy Lane Primary School.<ref>{{cite web | title = UK Schools and Colleges Database | publisher = Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk | url = http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015757/http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search | url-status = live }}</ref> The [[voluntary controlled school|voluntary controlled]] church schools are owned by the church, but like the other schools, are administered by [[Kent County Council]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Schools and the Church of England | publisher = Church of England | url = http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/ | access-date = 29 March 2007 | archive-date = 3 February 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070203171238/http://cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>
Whitstable Adult Education Centre runs adult learning courses.<ref>{{cite web | title = Adult and community education | publisher = Kent County Council | url = http://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/pages/common/KentAdultEducation.aspx?pg=2150 | access-date = 29 July 2009 | archive-date = 31 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230636/https://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Culture==
===Events and venues===
The longest established event is the Regatta, dating from a sailing contest between 26 boats from Whitstable and Faversham which was split into three classes (divisions) in 1792. A reporter at the scene wrote: "Much nautical skill was displayed in the maneuvering of the various squadrons. Every hoy, smack, wherry etc. in the vicinity of Whitstable was crowded with company and formed quite a fair upon the ocean." In addition, at least two of the spectating boats had bands aboard and tents were erected along the shore which was lined with spectators.<ref>{{cite book | title = History of Whitstable, Seasalter & Swalecliffe |author=Robert Goodsall, quoting Kentish Gazette of 1792 | year =1938 }}</ref>
The Regatta continued to become the biggest event on the North Kent Coast in the 19th century. It has moved from the original Whitstable to Tankerton for more land based events with fairground and fireworks on the elevated Slopes. For many years run by the council, the Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club have taken it on in the last 31 years. Future events will be more sea borne with yachting and rowing, and plans for swimming and even the traditional greasy pole.
[[May Day]] is celebrated with the annual [[Jack-in-the-Green]] parade, with traditional English dancing throughout the town, a fair at Whitstable Castle and a [[maypole]] dance by local schoolchildren overlooking the sea. It has been run by Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club for 34 years.
The importance of oysters to the tradition of Whitstable is celebrated with the Oyster Festival in July each year. The nine-day festival starts with an opening parade on the nearest Saturday to [[James, son of Zebedee|St James' Day]]. The parade starts with the official "Landing of the Catch", followed by the procession of the oysters in a horse-drawn dray through the town, stopping to deliver the catch to local restaurants, cafes and public houses. The rest of the festival consists of entertainment for both adults and children, with local art on display around the town, and many establishments offering local fish dishes.<ref name="festival">{{cite web | title = Whitstable and the Oyster Festival history | publisher = Whitstable and the Oyster Festival | url = http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11 | access-date =21 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061219183705/http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 19 December 2006}}</ref>
The [[Whitstable Museum and Gallery]] displays artefacts and portraits relating to the town's seafaring traditions, with special features on oysters, diving and shipping. In 2001, the Museum was awarded the international Nautiek Award for services to diving history.<ref name="museum">{{cite web | title = Whitstable museum and art gallery | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 26 June 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070626212307/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394 | url-status = live }}</ref>
The [[Playhouse Theatre Whitstable]] is owned and administered by theatrical group, [[The Lindley Players Ltd]]. The theatre is regularly hired out to other local groups such as The Canterbury Players, Herne Bay Operatic Society, Theatrecraft & The Deborah Capon College. More recently Nick Wilty has adopted the venue to host the OyOyster Comedy nights, attracting stars including [[Harry Hill]], [[Jo Brand]] and [[Paul Merton]].<ref name="playhouse">{{cite web| title =The Playhouse Theatre| publisher =theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk| url =http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/| access-date =21 April 2007| archive-date =30 April 2007| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070430235937/http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/| url-status =live}}</ref>
The Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre opened in March 2004 as part of the Horsebridge redevelopment. Built with an "upturned boat" design, and three floors totalling {{convert|900|m2|sqft}}, the centre contains an art gallery, a performance space, art workshops, a learning area, and conference rooms.<ref name="centre">{{cite web | title = Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre | publisher = Horsebridge-centre.org.uk | url = http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node/5 | access-date = 1 August 2009 | archive-date = 27 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090827222931/http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node%2F5 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite book | title = Cultural tourism in a changing world| author= Smith, Melanie K.| author2= Robinson, Mike| publisher = Channel View Publications|page=301 | year =2006 }}</ref> The building in 2004 won the [[Kent Design Awards|Kent Design Award]] in the Town and Village Renaissance category.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10 |title=Portfolio |website=clague.co.uk |year=2004 |access-date=16 January 2014 |archive-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061023/http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
There are monthly beach cleans carried out alone the Whitstable sea front. They are organised by the Canterbury Council Foreshore service in conjunction with the [[Marine Conservation Society]]. The location of the beach clean alternates each month between the beach by the Neptune pub and the [[Seasalter]] end. Times and dates can be obtained for the Fore shore services or the MCS South East Groups website, calendar page.
===Attractions and landmarks===
[[Image:Whitstable Castle 1.jpg|right|thumb|Whitstable Castle]]
[[Image:Whitstable mill.jpg|thumb|Black Mill|alt=A view down a short cul-de-sac lined with houses, with a black windmill at the far end, facing to the left of the picture]]
The town has [[Shingle beach|shingle]]/sandy beaches flanking the harbour, where sunbathing, swimming and water sports are popular. The beaches east and west are unique amongst seaside towns in the south-east of England for having no promenade; making them generally peaceful. An exception is Long Beach to the immediate east of the harbour where there is a base for jet skis. A notable feature of Whitstable is The Street, a natural strip of shingle on clay bank which runs out to sea at right angles to the coast, for a distance of about {{convert|1/2|mi|m|sigfig=1}}. It is the last remnant of the Swale river valley to the north of the town lost to sea erosion over millennia. Located to the east of the harbour, The Street is revealed only at low tide, when it is possible to walk out along it as well as swim either side in safe, sandy bottomed shallows.<ref name="street">{{cite web | title = Top 10 beaches in the UK | publisher = SHE magazine | url = http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185438/http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6 | url-status = live }}</ref> A view of The Street can be seen on the hilltop lawns of Tankerton Slopes.<ref name="Tankerton Slopes">{{cite web | title = Tankerton Slopes | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 15 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090815221046/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true | url-status = live }}</ref> The Slopes are home to the largest population in England of the rare Hog's [[Fennel]].<ref name="maritime">{{cite web | title = Whitstable | publisher = MaritimeHeritageTrail.co.uk | url = http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 22 October 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071022072426/http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Whitstable Castle is situated on the border of Whitstable and the suburb of [[Tankerton]]. It was originally built as an octagonal tower in 1789 by Charles Pearson, the owner of a [[Iron(II) sulfate|copperas]] company in the town and a future investor in the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. However, Pearson later added to the building, developing it into a manor house. In 1836 the house, then known as Tankerton Tower, was bought by London businessman and [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament (UK)|MP]] [[Wynne Ellis|Wynn Ellis]],<ref name=EB1911/> who by 1842 had added a west wing, a bell tower and a lodge. The building had become known as Tankerton Castle by 1897, although it is now commonly referred to as Whitstable Castle.<ref name="castle">{{cite web|title=The Story of Whitstable Castle |publisher=Whitstablecastle.co.uk |url=http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf |access-date=29 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104062540/http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2009 }}</ref> Now managed by the Whitstable Castle Trust, the castle grounds are a centre for community activity.<ref name="castleCCC">{{cite web | title =Whitstable Castle Lottery bid | publisher =Canterbury City Council | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319 | access-date =29 July 2009 | archive-date =22 August 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090822214545/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319 | url-status =live }}</ref>
[[Image:Maunsell Army Fort.jpg|right|thumb|The Maunsell sea forts, {{convert|9|mi|km}} off the coast of Whitstable|alt=The view from a boat of a site containing six sea forts. The forts have an octagonal shape, with rusty metal walls and two rows of windows. Each fort is supported by four legs jutting from the sea at an angle]]
Off the coast of Whitstable is [[Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm|Kentish Flats offshore windfarm]], consisting of 30 [[wind turbine]]s, each {{convert|140|m|ft|0}} high, providing enough electricity to power 70,000 households.<ref name="windfarm">{{cite web | title = Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm | publisher = Vattenfall | url = http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 13 July 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090713042848/http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp | url-status = live }}</ref> The now-redundant [[Shivering Sands Army Fort|Shivering Sands]] and Red Sands offshore [[World War II]] [[Maunsell Forts|sea forts]] are visible from the town's coast.<ref name="Maunsell">{{cite web | title = The Maunsell Sea Forts | publisher = Whitstablescene.co.uk | url = http://www.whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 23 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090123064542/http://whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> Sailing trips are available from the harbour to the windfarm, the sea forts and a seal watching spot in the Thames Estuary.<ref name="trips">{{cite web | title = Bayblast Marine | publisher = VisitCanterbury.co.uk | url = http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676 | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 28 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928213125/http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676 | url-status = live }}</ref>
Island Wall, the closest street to the seafront, has numerous buildings dating from the mid-19th century including the Neptune and Wall Tavern pubs, and the Dollar Row cottages, which were built from the proceeds of a salvage operation on a ship carrying silver dollars.<ref name="dollar">{{cite web | title = Diver's trail | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040403/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420 | url-status = live }}</ref> The street is home to the ''Favourite'', one of the few remaining Whitstable oyster [[yawl]]s.<ref name="favourite">{{cite web | title = Favourite Oyster Yawl | publisher = National Historic Ships | url = http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824 | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 20 August 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090820082737/http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824 | url-status = live }}</ref> Built in 1890, it is now managed by the Favourite Trust, a charitable trust who undertake fund raising to maintain the historical vessel.<ref name="Favourite Trust">{{cite web | title = Favourite Trust | publisher = Favourite Trust | url = http://www.favourite.org.uk | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 25 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070325041241/http://www.favourite.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> A traditional [[Black Mill, Whitstable|windmill]] on Borstal Hill, built in 1815, is used as a motel.
[[Image:Old Neptune, Whitstable.jpg|right|thumb|The Old Neptune pub on Whitstable seafront]]
The town is criss-crossed by numerous small alleys, once used by fishermen to reach the beach. Many of these are now registered as public rights of way and are still in frequent use. Squeeze Gut Alley whose name suggests (erroneously) that most people have to walk sideways due to its narrowness, is one of the more notable.<ref name="Whitstable Alleyways">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Alleyways | publisher = SeeWhitstable.com | url = http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html | year = 2006 | access-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-date = 26 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426075729/http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
The town claims to have the largest village green in England at [[Duncan Down]] ({{convert|52|acre|m2}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406 |title=Duncan Down, Green Flag Awards, Keep Britain Tidy. Retrieved 28 September 2011 |access-date=28 September 2011 |archive-date=17 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117210449/http://www.keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Duncan Down village green | publisher = Independent Media Publications | url = http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct | access-date = 30 September 2009 | archive-date = 18 October 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151018183746/http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct | url-status = live }}</ref>
===Sport===
The town is a popular destination for watersport enthusiasts. Established in 1904, the Whitstable Yacht Club is one of the oldest yacht clubs in England and takes part in local and national competitions throughout the year.<ref name="Whitstable Yacht Club">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Yacht Club | publisher = Whitstable Yacht Club | url = http://www.wyc.org.uk/ | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 24 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070424174325/http://www.wyc.org.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Each year, the town hosts the International Waterski Championships.<ref name="guide">{{cite web | title = Canterbury Guide to Places to Stay | publisher = Resort-guide.co.uk | url = http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42 | year = 2005 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 29 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100540/http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42 | url-status = live }}</ref>
In May 2007, [[Whitstable Town F.C.|Whitstable Town Football Club]], based at the Belmont ground, won promotion from the [[Kent Football League|Kent League]] to the [[Isthmian League Division One South]].<ref name="wfc">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Town FC | publisher = Whitstable Town FC | url = http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/ | access-date = 19 April 2007 | archive-date = 20 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080516/http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Whitstable Rugby Football Club 1st XV also won promotion in 2007, to the London League. The club has a 2nd XV team which play in the East Kent League 2.<ref name="rugby">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Rugby Football Club | publisher = Whitstable Rugby Football Club | url = http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/ | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 4 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070304090751/http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
Whitstable has a council-owned swimming pool and sports centre with facilities for [[badminton]], [[5-a-side|5-a-side football]], [[volleyball]], [[cricket]] and [[tennis]].<ref name="Whitstable Sports Centre">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Sports Centre | publisher = Active Life Ltd. | url = http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 29 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929183044/http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php | url-status = live }}</ref> A 10-pin bowling centre is located next door to the swimming pool. There is also an outdoor basketball court at the Rec near the swimming pool.
Windsurfing is common off the West Quay, usually at low tide in southwesterly winds. Kite surfing has become popular in recent years usually taking place east of the Harbour, due to its flat water conditions and exposure to the open sea.
===Local media===
The four local newspapers are the KM Group owned ''Whitstable Gazette'' and ''KM Extra'', YourCanterbury part of KOS Ltd. and the [[Northcliffe Media]]-owned ''Whitstable Times''.<ref>{{cite web | title = KM Publications | publisher = Kent Online | url = http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/ | access-date = 14 April 2007 | archive-date = 1 June 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210007/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Regionals | url = http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/ | access-date =14 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070127024633/http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/ <!--Added by H3llBot--> | archive-date = 27 January 2007 }}</ref>
During the 1960s, several [[Pirate radio in the United Kingdom|pirate radio stations]] broadcast from the nearby Shivering Sands and Red Sands offshore sea forts. These included Radio Invicta,<ref name="Bell pages 314-316">{{cite book| author-last= Bell | author-first= Robin| title= The History of British Rock and Roll: The Beat Boom 1963 – 1966| date= 15 February 2016| publisher = Robin Bell Books, Sweden | isbn= 978-9198191653}}</ref> KING Radio,<ref name="Bishop">{{cite book |last = Bishop |first = Gerry |title = Offshore Radio |publisher = Iceni Enterprises, Norwich |year = 1975 |isbn = 0-904603-00-8}}</ref> Radio Sutch (launched by [[Screaming Lord Sutch]]),<ref name= "Le Roi">{{cite web| last= Le Roi| first= Bob| url= http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html| title= Radio Sutch & City Pictures - Part 1 Issue : 9| date= 15 August 2018| access-date= 19 September 2018| archive-date= 20 May 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130520081926/http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html| url-status= live}}</ref> [[Radio City (pirate radio station)|Radio City]],<ref name= NYT>{{cite web |url= http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/ |title= All Hail Sealand |date= 20 March 2012 |work= [[The New York Times]] |last= Jacobs |first= Frank |access-date= 18 September 2018 |archive-date= 6 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211748/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/ |url-status= live }}</ref> and [[Radio 390]].<ref name="Lister">{{cite book | author-last= Lister | author-first= Brian | title= Pirate Gold: The real story behind the offshore radio stations of the 1960s |publisher= Sound Concepts| date=2017| isbn=978-0-244-01718-7| edition= Kindle }}</ref>
Local television news programmes are [[BBC South East Today]] and [[ITV News Meridian]].
[[BBC]] local radio station is [[BBC Radio Kent]] on 96.7 FM.
Whitstable has a local radio station in [[KMFM Canterbury]] which also serves Canterbury and Herne Bay. It was previously known as ''CTFM'', until it was taken over by the [[KM Group]] in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = kmfm | publisher = MediaUK.com | url = http://www.mediauk.com/radio/29 | access-date = 14 April 2007 | archive-date = 3 April 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050403195443/http://mediauk.com/radio/29 | url-status = live }}</ref> County-wide station [[Heart Kent]] (formerly Invicta FM) was based on the John Wilson business park in the town. In 2019, Heart Kent was rebranded under the [[Heart South]] banner.
Whitstable also has a community radio station which broadcasts online and is known as Whitstable Bay Radio (WBR) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitstablebayradio.co.uk/ |title=Home |website=whitstablebayradio.co.uk}}</ref>
===Popular culture===
The playwright and novelist [[W. Somerset Maugham]] was sent to live with his uncle in Whitstable, at age 10, after the death of his parents.<ref name="maugham uncle">{{cite web | title = Somerset Maugham | publisher = Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk | url = http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm | access-date = 21 April 2007 | archive-date = 9 April 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070409114358/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> His novels ''[[Of Human Bondage]]'' (1915) and ''[[Cakes and Ale]]'' (1930) are set in the fictional town of Blackstable. It is obvious that he based this town on Whitstable, as the names and description of places around Blackstable, including The Duke of Cumberland Inn and Joy Lane, are identical to places around Whitstable.<ref name="maugham">{{cite news | title = Sea for sadness and solitude | work = The Telegraph| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=/property/2002/04/24/pwhitst.xml | date = 24 April 2002 | access-date = 19 April 2007 | location = London | first = Sarah | last = Lonsdale | archive-date = 6 January 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080106214432/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fproperty%2F2002%2F04%2F24%2Fpwhitst.xml | url-status = dead }}</ref>
Whitstable is the hometown of the narrator, Nancy Astley, in [[Sarah Waters]]' 1998 novel ''[[Tipping the Velvet]]''.<ref name="velvet">{{cite web | title =Tipping the Velvet | publisher =Powell's Books | url =http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt | access-date =19 April 2007 | archive-date =26 September 2007 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223928/http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt | url-status =live }}</ref> Whitstable also featured in the [[Tipping the Velvet (TV series)|2002 BBC drama adaptation]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations |title=IMDB, Tipping the Velvet (2002), Filming Locations |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=29 June 2018 |archive-date=17 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317030843/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations |url-status=live }}</ref> The Old Neptune Pub on the seafront was used as a filming location for the 2006 movie ''[[Venus (2006 film)|Venus]]'', for which the actor [[Peter O'Toole]] earned an [[Academy Award]] nomination.<!-- blank page<ref name="venus">{{cite web | title = Venus and Whitstable | publisher = Kent Film Office | url = http://www.kent.gov.uk/enwiki/static/film-office/news/venus.html | access-date =19 April 2007 }}</ref>--><ref>{{cite web | title = Peter O'Toole, A winner in waiting | publisher = TheIrishWorld.com | url = http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911 | access-date = 5 June 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150509203608/http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911 | archive-date = 9 May 2015 }}</ref>
Whitstable features prominently in the 2021 [[AcornTV]] series ''[[Whitstable Pearl]]'', starring [[Kerry Godliman]], in which a restaurateur fancies herself a private detective in the seaside town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acorn.tv/whitstablepearl/ |title=Whitstable Pearl |access-date=24 May 2021 }}</ref>
==Notable people==
* [[Donald Hewlett]], actor lived in town
* [[Siobhan Hewlett]], actor, writer,producer,director
* [[Hervey Alan]], operatic bass
* [[Peter Cushing]], actor, lived in the town<ref>{{cite web | title = Peter Cushing | publisher = Canterbury City Council | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411 | access-date = 29 May 2007 | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040555/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Alan Davies]], comedian
* [[Brian Haw]], protester
* [[Val Hennessy]], journalist
* [[Harry Hill]], comedian, has his primary residence in the town
* [[Matthew Holness]], comedian and actor (''[[Garth Marenghi's Darkplace]]'', ''[[Man to Man with Dean Learner]]'')
* [[Hugh Hopper]] (1945-2009), fusion jazz/rock bassist
* [[Paul Jewell]], Liverpool born [[Premier League]] English football manager
* [[W. Somerset Maugham]] lived in Whitstable in his early years
* [[Fiona Reid]], English-born Canadian actress
* [[Peter Shearing]], former professional footballer
* [[Dawn Steele]], Scottish actress
* [[Daniel Croft MBE]], Social Care Innovator
* [[Violet Wood]] (1899–2012), formerly the oldest documented living person in the [[United Kingdom]], lived in the town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |title=Bedfordshire onsunday has closed |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024427/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Twin towns==
Whitstable is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following towns:<ref name="towns:">{{cite web|url=http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16|publisher=Canterbury City Council|title=Whitstable|access-date=11 May 2006|archive-date=27 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427214439/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Dainville|Dainville, France]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia|Borken, Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Říčany|Říčany, Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Albertslund Municipality|Albertslund, Denmark]]
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Mölndal|Mölndal, Sweden]]
Whitstable has friendship links with:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403|publisher=Kent Life|title=A Twinning formula|date=20 January 2011|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527022830/https://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Grabow|Grabow, Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Greenland}} [[Sisimiut|Sisimiut, Greenland]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Bolków|Bolków, Poland]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Lviv|Lviv, Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[East Renfrewshire|East Renfrewshire, Scotland]]
==In popular culture==
Author [[Russell Hoban]] repurposes Whitstable as "Widders Bel" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel ''[[Riddley Walker]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|title=Places - Riddley Walker Annotations|website=Errorbar|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025537/http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|url-status=live}}</ref>
==References==
{{Portal|Kent}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Whitstable}}
{{commons category|Whitstable}}
{{Canterbury}}
{{Kent}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Whitstable| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Kent]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in England]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Kent]]
[[Category:Beaches of Kent]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Kent]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Kent]]
[[Category:City of Canterbury]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Kent]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -371,4 +371,5 @@
* [[Peter Shearing]], former professional footballer
* [[Dawn Steele]], Scottish actress
+* [[Daniel Croft MBE]], Social Care Innovator
* [[Violet Wood]] (1899–2012), formerly the oldest documented living person in the [[United Kingdom]], lived in the town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |title=Bedfordshire onsunday has closed |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024427/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
' |
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.ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Whitstable</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Whitstable,_Kent_(39956504163).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial photograph showing town on left, harbour in the centre and sea on the right" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg/240px-Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg/360px-Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg/480px-Whitstable%2C_Kent_%2839956504163%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2002" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kent_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whitstable is located in Kent"><img alt="Whitstable is located in Kent" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.844%;left:69.589%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitstable"><img alt="Whitstable" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Whitstable</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">32,100 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Whitstable&params=51.360209_N_1.025055_E_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Whitstable">TR107667</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">City of Canterbury</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Whitstable</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CT_postcode_area" title="CT postcode area">CT5</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01227</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Police" title="Kent Police">Kent</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Kent Fire and Rescue Service">Kent</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_East_Coast_Ambulance_Service" title="South East Coast Ambulance Service">South East Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Canterbury</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist">
<dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">Kent</a></dd></dl></div>
<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Whitstable&params=51.361_N_1.026_E_region:GB_type:city(32100)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°21′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°01′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.361°N 1.026°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.361; 1.026</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Whitstable</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a town in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> district, on the north coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> adjoining the convergence of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Swale" title="The Swale">Swale Estuary</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Thames_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Thames Estuary">Greater Thames Estuary</a> in southeastern England,<sup id="cite_ref-ATZ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATZ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> five miles (eight kilometres) north of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a> and two miles (three kilometres) west of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne_Bay,_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Herne Bay, Kent">Herne Bay</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 Census</a> reported a population of 32,100.
</p><p>The town, formerly known as Whitstable-on-Sea,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was famous for its 'Native Oysters' which were collected from beds beyond the low water mark from Roman times until the mid-20th century. The annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitstable_Oyster_Festival" title="Whitstable Oyster Festival">Whitstable Oyster Festival</a> takes place during the summer.
</p><p>In 1830, one of the earliest passenger railway services was opened<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury_and_Whitstable_Railway" title="Canterbury and Whitstable Railway">Canterbury and Whitstable Railway</a> Company. In 1832 the company built a harbour and extended the line to handle coal and other bulk cargos for the City of Canterbury. The railway has closed but the harbour still plays an important role in the town's economy. The railway route, known as The Crab and Winkle Line, is now a cycle path which leads to the neighbouring city of Canterbury.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Oysters"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Oysters</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Governance"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Governance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Demography"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Demography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Events_and_venues"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Events and venues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Attractions_and_landmarks"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Attractions and landmarks</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sport"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sport</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Local_media"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Local media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Twin_towns"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Twin towns</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Archaeological finds indicate that the Whitstable area was inhabited during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a> era, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Up_to_1000AD_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Up_to_1000AD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prehistoric_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prehistoric-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oysters were harvested in the area in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-oyster_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oyster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of a Roman building have been found in the centre of the town. Charters indicate that there were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Saxon</a> settlements where salt production and coastal trade occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-agrarian_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agrarian-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, extensive finds of Roman pottery were found in the sea around Whitstable during oyster dredging, and an offshore rock near the town has been associated with <i>Caunos</i>, an island mentioned by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The town was recorded in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086, under the name <i>Witenestaple</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "the meeting place of the white post", a reference to a local landmark. At that time, Witenestaple was the administrative centre of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">hundred</a> of Witenestaple<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which stretched from the coast to the village of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blean" title="Blean">Blean</a>, 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Canterbury. In addition to Witenestaple, the hundred contained three <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manors</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seasalter" title="Seasalter">Seasalter</a>, Northwood and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swalecliffe" title="Swalecliffe">Swalecliffe</a>. Whitstable hundred was located within the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lathe_of_St._Augustine" title="Lathe of St. Augustine">Lathe of St Augustine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Seasalter and Swalecliffe manors were owned by the church, and the manor at Northwood was run by a noble family on behalf of the king. Fisheries were located at the Seasalter manor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saltworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltworks">saltworks</a> were at the Northwood manor, and pigs were farmed at the forest in Blean.<sup id="cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000_-_1500-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1226, the name of the area had evolved into Whitstaple.<sup id="cite_ref-place_names_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-place_names-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saltworks were opened at the Seasalter manor around the turn of the 14th century, and a sea wall was built there in 1325 to prevent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000_-_1500-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The history and development of the town has determined and been determined by the shape and location of the coast which has changed over recorded history due to natural events and human interventions.
</p><p>By the late middle ages Whitstable had become a centre of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> fishing, including for oysters, and was connected by road to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chestfield" title="Chestfield">Chestfield</a> where archaeological finds evidence seafood consumption, as well as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blean" title="Blean">Forest of Blean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A narrow paved road, lined with shops" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg/220px-Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg/330px-Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg/440px-Cobbled_Street_in_Whitstable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Harbour Street in Whitstable Town Centre</figcaption></figure>
<p>By 1413, the three manors had combined to form the Whitstaple manor, and had been sold to a religious foundation in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000_-_1500-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manor was seized by King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> in the 16th century, and was given to the Minter family, originally from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ickham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ickham">Ickham</a>. Branches of the Minter family survive today in the same area).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A royal patent was granted in 1574 to the manor owner for the fishing of its oyster beds,<sup id="cite_ref-oyster_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oyster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the same year, the lands at Tankerton were incorporated into the manor. A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Copperas" class="mw-redirect" title="Copperas">copperas</a> works was established at Tankerton in 1588, which operated until about 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-1500_-_1700_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1500_-_1700-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1610, the name Whitstaple had become Whitstable.<sup id="cite_ref-place_names_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-place_names-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Around the mid-18th century, goods and passengers began to be transported by ship between London and Whitstable, and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll road</a> was built to the cathedral city of Canterbury. These improvements in transport led to the town's development as a seaside resort; the first advertisements for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bathing_machine" title="Bathing machine">bathing machines</a> at Whitstable appeared in 1768. In 1790 the manor was sold to private landowners, and three years later the rights to harvest the oyster beds were bought by the newly established Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable,<sup id="cite_ref-1700_-_1800_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1700_-_1800-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the successor to the Whitstable Company of Dredgers.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Bill_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Bill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between roughly 1775 and 1875 the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Well_smack" title="Well smack">well smacks</a> or early <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">longliners</a> out of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barking,_London" title="Barking, London">Barking</a> and other local fishing ports would collect <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lugworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugworm">lugworms</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whelk" title="Whelk">whelks</a> from Whitstable's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">bait</a>-diggers and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fishing_dredge" title="Fishing dredge">dredgers</a> before beginning their tour for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">prime fish</a> north to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. Whelks suspended in net bags in the well could live for a while due to circulating water.<sup id="cite_ref-EdgarJMarchTrawlers_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdgarJMarchTrawlers-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1880s, Whitstable was described as having "an unrivalled, and indeed unchallenged, position in the oyster world".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Whitstable_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Whitstable_beach.jpg/220px-Whitstable_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Whitstable_beach.jpg/330px-Whitstable_beach.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Whitstable_beach.jpg/440px-Whitstable_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Whitstable Beach</figcaption></figure>
<p>On 3 May 1830, the world's first entirely steam-hauled passenger and freight railway service was opened by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury_and_Whitstable_Railway" title="Canterbury and Whitstable Railway">Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-economics_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economics-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>, the line ran six miles (10 km) from Westgate in Canterbury to Whitstable town centre. The railway line's initials—C&WR—and Whitstable's shellfish industry eventually led to its nickname, the Crab And Winkle Railway. The line carried coal arriving by sea in Whitstable to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, delivered by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">colliers</a> sailing from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">north east of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the town also had a thriving <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid nineteenth century, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoy_(boat)" title="Hoy (boat)">hoys</a> also sailed regularly from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_London" title="Port of London">London</a> to Whitstable.<sup id="cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Whitstable_Harbour,_Kent,_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Several boats docked at a harbour" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg/220px-Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg/330px-Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg/440px-Whitstable_Harbour%2C_Kent%2C_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Whitstable Harbour</figcaption></figure>
<p>Trains were driven by a locomotive for part of the journey, but on inclined planes were pulled on ropes by steam-driven <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stationary_engine" title="Stationary engine">stationary winding engines</a> located at Tyler Hill and Clowes Wood.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-economy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crab_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crab-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locomotive used was the <i>Invicta</i>, an 0-4-0 inclined cylinder tender locomotive built by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert Stephenson</a>, the son of engineer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-locomotives_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locomotives-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable harbour - also designed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Stephenson</a> - was opened by the railway company in 1832, and the rail line was extended to enable goods, mainly coal, to be directly transferred from ships onto the trains.<sup id="cite_ref-economy_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1834, the world's first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Season_ticket" title="Season ticket">season tickets</a> were issued for the C&WR line.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harbour's size and positioning meant that it was the last place on England's east coast where <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">barquentines</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooners</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">brigantines</a> transporting coal could operate, with sailing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">colliers</a> serving Whitstable Harbour until the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <i>Invicta</i> locomotive was retired in 1840 and replaced by horses until a third winding engine was built at South Street.<sup id="cite_ref-crab_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crab-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Invicta</i> was kept for scrap, but in 1898 work began on its restoration, which continued intermittently until its completion in 1977 by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Railway_Museum" title="National Railway Museum">National Railway Museum</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. On 3 May 1980 the locomotive was returned to Canterbury to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the line.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Sunday 16 June 2019 Invicta was returned to the Whitstable Museum & Gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Around the time of the construction of the Whitstable to Canterbury line, the local Gorrell stream was diverted into what was known as the Backwater reservoir, so as to prevent the railway needing to cross the estuary of the stream on damp and unstable land. The Gorrell Backwater was then filled through the stream itself as well as rain water drainage when the tide was in, and whilst out the water would be released into the newly built Whitstable Harbour. The reservoir unfortunately would contribute to the flooding of the town during years when the reservoir could not be drained, such as in 1897 and 1953 when weather conditions were exceptionally bad. This continued into the late 1960s, when fire engines were used to pump out large quantities of the water to prevent further flooding.
</p><p>In the early 1970s, the present Gorrell Tank was built underground, with the Gorrell Car Park being in service above ground since.<sup id="cite_ref-tank_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1845, the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company was bought by the South Eastern Railway, who introduced steam locomotives capable of operating along the entire length of the railway.<sup id="cite_ref-lines_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lines-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A direct rail route from Whitstable to London was established in 1860 when the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London,_Chatham_and_Dover_Railway" title="London, Chatham and Dover Railway">London, Chatham and Dover Railway</a> opened a station on what is now the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham_Main_Line" title="Chatham Main Line">Chatham Main Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-economy_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 November 1869, 71 buildings in the town were destroyed by a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Great_Fire_of_Whitstable,_1869" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Fire of Whitstable, 1869">fire</a> which started at a shop near the harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-fire_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fire-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In about 1854 the first branch of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sea_Cadet_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)">Sea Cadet Corps</a>, then known as the Naval Lads' Brigade, was established in the town by the Reverend Henry Barton.<sup id="cite_ref-Cadets_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cadets-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Harbourpanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whitstable harbour" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Harbourpanorama.jpg/800px-Harbourpanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Harbourpanorama.jpg/1200px-Harbourpanorama.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Harbourpanorama.jpg/1600px-Harbourpanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3601" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Whitstable harbour; the tarmac plant is visible in the background.</figcaption></figure>
<p>A plant to manufacture <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tarmacadam" title="Tarmacadam">tarmacadam</a> was built beside Whitstable Harbour in 1936. The harbour gradually fell into decay after the Second World War, but in 1958 the Whitstable Urban District Council purchased and repaired the harbour with the intention of rejuvenating the town's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-squay_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-squay-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Crab and Winkle Line finally closed in 1953, but about a third of the line was reopened as a footpath and cycleway in 1999 under the stewardship of a local charity, the Crab and Winkle Line Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-crab_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crab-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main developments to the town in recent years was the Horsebridge project. Completed in 2005, it was designed to regenerate a dilapidated area of the town with the construction of new shops and houses, a town square, and a community centre with a performance space and art gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-then_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-then-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oysters">Oysters<span class="anchor" id="Free_Fishers_of_Whitstable_Act_1793"></span><span class="anchor" id="Faversham_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Act_1840"></span><span class="anchor" id="Faversham_Oyster_Fishery_Act_1930"></span><span class="anchor" id="Faversham_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Act_2017"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Oysters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act for incorporating the Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable, in the County of Kent, and for the better ordering and Government of the Fishery.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/33_Geo._3" class="mw-redirect" title="33 Geo. 3">33 Geo. 3</a>. c. 42</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30 April 1793</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act for granting certain Powers to the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/3_%26_4_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="3 & 4 Vict.">3 & 4 Vict.</a> c. lix</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 June 1840</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repealed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffcccc;">Status: Repealed</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/3-4/59/pdfs/ukla_18400059_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1482" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to incorporate and confer powers upon the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company to provide for the transfer to and vesting in that Company of the undertaking of the Company or Fraternity of Free Fishermen and Dredgermen of the Manor and Hundred of Faversham in the County of Kent to dissolve the said Company or Fraternity and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. lxxiv</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 June 1930</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Repeals/revokes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amended by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo5/20-21/74/pdfs/ukla_19300074_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879389"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/140px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/210px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/280px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to provide for the alteration of the objects, powers and constitution of the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company; and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_2017" title="List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 2017">2017</a> c. i</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27 April 2017</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amends</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li>Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/2017/1/contents/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Whitstable became famous for its native oysters produced by the three companies in the area: The <b>Faversham Oyster Fishery Company</b>, the <b>Seasalter and Ham Oyster Company</b> and the <b>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</b>. Oysters have been farmed in Whitstable for centuries, but it was not until 1793 that the industry became highly regulated with the Act of Incorporation of the 'Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable' (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/33_Geo._3" class="mw-redirect" title="33 Geo. 3">33 Geo. 3</a>. c. 42) and are all unusual in that they own the freehold of the seabed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Whitstable oysters go even further back, almost two thousand years, to when the Romans discovered them and, regarding them as a delicacy, shipped them back live to Rome. They are a registered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Geographical Indication">Protected Geographical Indication</a> (PGI) product.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At these companies' peak in the 1850s, they were sending as many as 80 million oysters a year to Billingsgate fish market. By then the plentiful oyster had become the food of the poor. Unfortunately the native oyster population drastically declined in the first half of the 20th century and a combination of pollution, disease, overfishing and the introduction of diseases proved fatal to the industry by the middle of the 20th century. Pacific Oysters are now farmed on the foreshore at Whitstable, owned by the Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company on a commercial scale producing up to 300 tons of sustainable shellfish per year. The farm was the subject of an investigation by the Marine Management Organisation in 2016 after allegations about the racks causing safety issues and blocking navigation for watercraft and swimmers. This ended in two independent navigational risk assessments commissioned by the MMO that concluded that the risk posed by the presence of the oyster farm remains <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ALARP" class="mw-redirect" title="ALARP">ALARP</a> or lower (broadly acceptable) and that the oyster farm’s activities met the requirements of the exemption relating to shellfish propagation and cultivation under the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marine_Licensing_(Exempted_Activities)_Order_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011 (page does not exist)">Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/SI_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="SI 2011">SI 2011</a>/409) as amended (Article 13).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Since 1918, Whitstable has been in the constituency of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Canterbury</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for the constituency is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosie_Duffield" title="Rosie Duffield">Rosie Duffield</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, who was first elected in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a> after unseating long-serving <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julian_Brazier" title="Julian Brazier">Julian Brazier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable, along with Herne Bay and Canterbury, is in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">City of Canterbury</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">local government district</a>. The town comprises the five electoral wards of Tankerton, Seasalter, Chestfield and Swalecliffe, Gorrell and Harbour. These wards have 12 of the 50 seats on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> City Council. Following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2009 United Kingdom local elections">2009 local elections</a>, ten of those seats were held by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> and two by the Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable has no parish or town council. In their lieu, the Official Planning Consultee was the Whitstable Society, membership of which is open to all, until Cllr. Ben Fitter-Harding removed it in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Whitstable is on the north-east Kent coast. The town lies to the east of the outlet of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Swale" title="The Swale">The Swale</a> into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Thames_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Thames Estuary">Greater Thames Estuary</a>. The town is 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of the seaside town of Herne Bay, 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of the town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> and 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of the city of Canterbury; several small villages lie in between. The suburbs/villages of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tankerton" title="Tankerton">Tankerton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swalecliffe" title="Swalecliffe">Swalecliffe</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chestfield" title="Chestfield">Chestfield</a> are at the eastern end of the town, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seasalter" title="Seasalter">Seasalter</a> at the west, and South Street at the south. Chestfield has its own <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">parish</a> council. An area of protected woodland and grassland called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duncan_Down" title="Duncan Down">Duncan Down</a> lies to the south-east.
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<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> (sea)</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> (sea)</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thames_Estuary" title="Thames Estuary">Thames Estuary</a> (sea)</td>
</tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Swale" title="The Swale">The Swale</a> (sea)</td>
<td style="width:33%;">
<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Whitstable</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne_Bay,_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Herne Bay, Kent">Herne Bay</a> (town)</td>
</tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graveney" title="Graveney">Graveney</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodnestone,_Swale" title="Goodnestone, Swale">Goodnestone</a> (civil parish)</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blean" title="Blean">Blean</a> (civil parish)</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chestfield" title="Chestfield">Chestfield</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swalecliffe" title="Swalecliffe">Swalecliffe</a> (civil parish)</td>
</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>The geology of the town consists mainly of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Clay" title="London Clay">London Clay</a> (which covers most of North Kent).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the centre of the town is built on low-lying marshland.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sea walls are in place to prevent coastal flooding. The land in the east is higher, with slopes down to the coast at Tankerton. The whole of the north-east Kent coast has been designated a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A very unusual (some say unique) shingle spit locally named "The Street" extends into the sea to the east of the harbour, formed by the local currents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A survey in 2019 discovered it is an especially heavy London clay, and is all that remains of the saltmarsh that once extended the length of the Swale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is exposed at low tide, and visitors, ignoring the warning signs, are sometimes trapped by the advancing tide, needing to be rescued by the local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/RNLI" class="mw-redirect" title="RNLI">RNLI</a> lifeboat.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In East Kent, the warmest time of the year is July and August, when maximum temperatures average around 22 °C (71.6 °F). The coolest time of the year is January and February, when minimum temperatures average around 2 °C (35.6 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-metengland_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metengland-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Kent's average maximum and minimum temperatures are around 1/2 °C higher than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-metengland_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metengland-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable is sometimes warmer than other parts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> due to it being backed by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a> to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>East Kent's average annual rainfall is about 613 mm (24.1 in); October to January being the wettest months.<sup id="cite_ref-metengland_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metengland-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national average annual rainfall is about 870 mm (34 in).<sup id="cite_ref-metengland_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metengland-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent drought caused Mid Kent Water to impose a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hosepipe_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosepipe ban">hosepipe ban</a> between August 2005<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and February 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The nearest Met Office average data for each month as well as the current data reported on the BBC web site are from recording stations approximately 20 miles (30 km) away to east and west and do not well represent Whitstable weather.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<table class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="4"><b>Whitstable Compared</b>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>2001 UK Census</b></td>
<td><b>Whitstable</b></td>
<td><b>Canterbury District</b></td>
<td><b>England</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Total population</td>
<td>30,195</td>
<td>135,278</td>
<td>49,138,831
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Foreign born</td>
<td>4.5%</td>
<td>5.1%</td>
<td>9.2%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>White</td>
<td>98%</td>
<td>97%</td>
<td>91%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asian</td>
<td>0.6%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
<td>4.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Black</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>2.3%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Christian</td>
<td>74%</td>
<td>73%</td>
<td>72%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Muslim</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>0.6%</td>
<td>3.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hindu</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>1.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>No religion</td>
<td>16%</td>
<td>17%</td>
<td>15%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Over 65 years old</td>
<td>23%</td>
<td>19%</td>
<td>16%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Unemployed</td>
<td>2.5%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>3.3%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>At the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 UK census</a>, Whitstable area <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wards_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards of the United Kingdom">electoral wards</a> had a population of 30,195 and a population density of 10.3 persons per <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The ethnicity of the town was 98.2% white, 0.8% mixed race, 0.2% Chinese, 0.4% other Asian, 0.2% black and 0.2% other. The place of birth of residents was 95.5% United Kingdom, 0.6% Republic of Ireland, 1.2% other Western European countries, and 2.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 74.8% Christian, 0.3% Muslim, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.2% Jewish, 0.1% Hindu and 0.1% Sikh. 15.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.4% had an alternative religion and 8.1% did not state their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The age distribution was 5% aged 0–4 years, 14% aged 5–15 years, 4% aged 16–19 years, 28% aged 20–44 years, 26% aged 45–64 years and 23% aged 65 years and over. The town has a high percentage of residents over 65, compared with the national average of 16%.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a seaside town, Whitstable is a popular retirement destination.
</p><p>Of the town's 13,155 households, 49.0% were married couples, 7.8% were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">cohabiting</a> couples and 8.0% were lone parents. 30.7% of households were individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone at pensionable age. 26.4% of households included children aged under 16, or a person aged 16 to 18 who was in full-time education.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>According to the 2001 UK census, the economic activity of residents in the town aged 16–74 was 35.6% in full-time employment, 13.4% in part-time employment, 10.4% self-employed, 2.5% unemployed, 2.4% students with jobs, 3.4% students without jobs, 18.8% retired, 6.7% looking after home or family, 4.5% permanently sick or disabled and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons. The percentage of retired people was significantly higher than the national figure of 13.5%. The unemployment rate of 2.5% was lower than the national rate of 3.3%. 12% of the town's residents aged 16–74 had a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> qualification or the equivalent, compared to 20% nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The main activities at the harbour are fishing, fish processing, cargo handling and boat storage.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harbour area is the site for other industries such as tarmac manufacturing and a maintenance port for an offshore <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windfarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Windfarm">windfarm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Harbour_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Harbour-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Business parks located on the outskirts of the town provide premises for large retailers, offices and light industries.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Enterprise_Centre_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Enterprise_Centre-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The town's distinctive character and ambience has led to a strong tourist industry, which is promoted each year by the Oyster Festival. In early 2007, Canterbury City Council were planning to boost tourism by building retail developments in addition to the existing shopping centre.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_planning_strategy_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_planning_strategy-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The 2001 UK census reported the industry of employment of residents of Whitstable as 18% retail, 13% health and social work, 12% manufacturing, 11% education, 10% real estate, 9% construction, 7% transport and communications, 5% public administration, 5% hotels and restaurants, 4% finance, 1% agriculture and 5% other community, social or personal services. Compared to national figures, the town had a relatively high number of workers in the construction, education, and health/social care industries and a relatively low number in manufacturing, finance, and real estate.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many residents commute to work outside the town; at the 2001 census, there were 13,260 employed residents, but only 9,725 jobs within the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The high level of employees in teaching is possibly due to the town's proximity to Canterbury, which has three higher education establishments.<sup id="cite_ref-Boosting_our_local_economy_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boosting_our_local_economy-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elderly population of the town has led to many health and social care jobs at local care homes and at the Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-Hospital_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hospital-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2001 census, 1.3% of the town's population resided in a medical or care establishment, compared to the national average of only 0.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:North_East_Kent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of north-east Kent, with urban areas shaded in grey. Labels mark the locations of the Thames Estuary, the Isle of Sheppey, Whitstable, Herne Bay, Margate, Ramsgate, Sandwich, Deal, Faversham and Canterbury" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/North_East_Kent.svg/220px-North_East_Kent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/North_East_Kent.svg/330px-North_East_Kent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/North_East_Kent.svg/440px-North_East_Kent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>North-east Kent</figcaption></figure>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitstable_railway_station" title="Whitstable railway station">Whitstable railway station</a> is on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham_Main_Line" title="Chatham Main Line">Chatham Main Line</a>, which runs between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramsgate_railway_station" title="Ramsgate railway station">Ramsgate</a> in East Kent and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">London Victoria</a>. Other stations on this line include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broadstairs_railway_station" title="Broadstairs railway station">Broadstairs</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margate_railway_station" title="Margate railway station">Margate</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne_Bay_railway_station" title="Herne Bay railway station">Herne Bay</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faversham_railway_station" title="Faversham railway station">Faversham</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gillingham_railway_station_(Kent)" title="Gillingham railway station (Kent)">Gillingham</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester_railway_station" title="Rochester railway station">Rochester</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bromley_South_railway_station" title="Bromley South railway station">Bromley South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable is around 1 hour and 30 minutes from London Victoria, ten minutes more than in 2009 due to the introduction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">HS1</a> services further up the line. On weekdays, during the morning and evening peaks, there is a direct service to London's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a>, provided primarily for business commuting; these trains run to Cannon Street in the morning and back in the evening. All services are operated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeastern_(train_operating_company)" title="Southeastern (train operating company)">Southeastern</a>.
</p><p>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express</a> coach service runs between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_coach_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria coach station">London Victoria</a> and Ramsgate.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>There is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stagecoach_Group" title="Stagecoach Group">Stagecoach</a> bus service, branded as the <i>Triangle</i>, running about every fifteen minutes to neighbouring Herne Bay and Canterbury, where many Whitstable residents go to work and shop. Route 5 runs from the town to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/A299_road" title="A299 road">A299 road</a>, known as the <i>Thanet Way</i>, runs between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> via Herne Bay and Whitstable; it merges with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/M2_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M2 motorway (Great Britain)">M2 motorway</a> at Faversham.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Whitstable's secondary school is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Whitstable_School" title="The Whitstable School">The Whitstable School</a>, formerly The Community College Whitstable. It is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secondary_modern_school" title="Secondary modern school">secondary modern school</a> which changed its name from Sir William Nottidge School in 1998. In 2009, 25% of its pupils gained at least five <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSEs</a> at grades A*–C – this increased to 37% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
The School was rated 'Requires Improvement' by Ofsted in March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Many pupils living in Whitstable commute to schools in other nearby towns, especially to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammar_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools in the United Kingdom">grammar schools</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>.
</p><p>The town's public primary schools are Whitstable Junior School, Whitstable and Seasalter Church of England Junior School, Westmeads Infant School, Swalecliffe Community Primary School, St Mary's Catholic Primary School, St Alphege C of E Primary School, Joy Lane Primary School.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voluntary_controlled_school" title="Voluntary controlled school">voluntary controlled</a> church schools are owned by the church, but like the other schools, are administered by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable Adult Education Centre runs adult learning courses.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_and_venues">Events and venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Events and venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The longest established event is the Regatta, dating from a sailing contest between 26 boats from Whitstable and Faversham which was split into three classes (divisions) in 1792. A reporter at the scene wrote: "Much nautical skill was displayed in the maneuvering of the various squadrons. Every hoy, smack, wherry etc. in the vicinity of Whitstable was crowded with company and formed quite a fair upon the ocean." In addition, at least two of the spectating boats had bands aboard and tents were erected along the shore which was lined with spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Regatta continued to become the biggest event on the North Kent Coast in the 19th century. It has moved from the original Whitstable to Tankerton for more land based events with fairground and fireworks on the elevated Slopes. For many years run by the council, the Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club have taken it on in the last 31 years. Future events will be more sea borne with yachting and rowing, and plans for swimming and even the traditional greasy pole.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> is celebrated with the annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack-in-the-Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack-in-the-Green">Jack-in-the-Green</a> parade, with traditional English dancing throughout the town, a fair at Whitstable Castle and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> dance by local schoolchildren overlooking the sea. It has been run by Whitstable and Herne Bay Lions Club for 34 years.
</p><p>The importance of oysters to the tradition of Whitstable is celebrated with the Oyster Festival in July each year. The nine-day festival starts with an opening parade on the nearest Saturday to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">St James' Day</a>. The parade starts with the official "Landing of the Catch", followed by the procession of the oysters in a horse-drawn dray through the town, stopping to deliver the catch to local restaurants, cafes and public houses. The rest of the festival consists of entertainment for both adults and children, with local art on display around the town, and many establishments offering local fish dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-festival_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festival-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitstable_Museum_and_Gallery" title="Whitstable Museum and Gallery">Whitstable Museum and Gallery</a> displays artefacts and portraits relating to the town's seafaring traditions, with special features on oysters, diving and shipping. In 2001, the Museum was awarded the international Nautiek Award for services to diving history.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Playhouse_Theatre_Whitstable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Playhouse Theatre Whitstable (page does not exist)">Playhouse Theatre Whitstable</a> is owned and administered by theatrical group, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=The_Lindley_Players_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lindley Players Ltd (page does not exist)">The Lindley Players Ltd</a>. The theatre is regularly hired out to other local groups such as The Canterbury Players, Herne Bay Operatic Society, Theatrecraft & The Deborah Capon College. More recently Nick Wilty has adopted the venue to host the OyOyster Comedy nights, attracting stars including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Hill" title="Harry Hill">Harry Hill</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jo_Brand" title="Jo Brand">Jo Brand</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Merton" title="Paul Merton">Paul Merton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-playhouse_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playhouse-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre opened in March 2004 as part of the Horsebridge redevelopment. Built with an "upturned boat" design, and three floors totalling 900 square metres (9,700 sq ft), the centre contains an art gallery, a performance space, art workshops, a learning area, and conference rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-centre_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centre-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tourism_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourism-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building in 2004 won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Design_Awards" title="Kent Design Awards">Kent Design Award</a> in the Town and Village Renaissance category.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>There are monthly beach cleans carried out alone the Whitstable sea front. They are organised by the Canterbury Council Foreshore service in conjunction with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Conservation_Society" title="Marine Conservation Society">Marine Conservation Society</a>. The location of the beach clean alternates each month between the beach by the Neptune pub and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seasalter" title="Seasalter">Seasalter</a> end. Times and dates can be obtained for the Fore shore services or the MCS South East Groups website, calendar page.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions_and_landmarks">Attractions and landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Attractions and landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg/220px-Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg/330px-Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg/440px-Whitstable_Castle_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Whitstable Castle</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Whitstable_mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A view down a short cul-de-sac lined with houses, with a black windmill at the far end, facing to the left of the picture" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitstable_mill.jpg/220px-Whitstable_mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitstable_mill.jpg/330px-Whitstable_mill.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Whitstable_mill.jpg/440px-Whitstable_mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Black Mill</figcaption></figure>
<p>The town has <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shingle_beach" title="Shingle beach">shingle</a>/sandy beaches flanking the harbour, where sunbathing, swimming and water sports are popular. The beaches east and west are unique amongst seaside towns in the south-east of England for having no promenade; making them generally peaceful. An exception is Long Beach to the immediate east of the harbour where there is a base for jet skis. A notable feature of Whitstable is The Street, a natural strip of shingle on clay bank which runs out to sea at right angles to the coast, for a distance of about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mile (800 m). It is the last remnant of the Swale river valley to the north of the town lost to sea erosion over millennia. Located to the east of the harbour, The Street is revealed only at low tide, when it is possible to walk out along it as well as swim either side in safe, sandy bottomed shallows.<sup id="cite_ref-street_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-street-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A view of The Street can be seen on the hilltop lawns of Tankerton Slopes.<sup id="cite_ref-Tankerton_Slopes_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tankerton_Slopes-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slopes are home to the largest population in England of the rare Hog's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maritime_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritime-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable Castle is situated on the border of Whitstable and the suburb of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tankerton" title="Tankerton">Tankerton</a>. It was originally built as an octagonal tower in 1789 by Charles Pearson, the owner of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfate" title="Iron(II) sulfate">copperas</a> company in the town and a future investor in the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. However, Pearson later added to the building, developing it into a manor house. In 1836 the house, then known as Tankerton Tower, was bought by London businessman and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (UK)">MP</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wynne_Ellis" title="Wynne Ellis">Wynn Ellis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who by 1842 had added a west wing, a bell tower and a lodge. The building had become known as Tankerton Castle by 1897, although it is now commonly referred to as Whitstable Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-castle_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castle-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now managed by the Whitstable Castle Trust, the castle grounds are a centre for community activity.<sup id="cite_ref-castleCCC_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castleCCC-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The view from a boat of a site containing six sea forts. The forts have an octagonal shape, with rusty metal walls and two rows of windows. Each fort is supported by four legs jutting from the sea at an angle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg/220px-Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg/330px-Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg/440px-Maunsell_Army_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Maunsell sea forts, 9 miles (14 km) off the coast of Whitstable</figcaption></figure>
<p>Off the coast of Whitstable is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kentish_Flats_Offshore_Wind_Farm" title="Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm">Kentish Flats offshore windfarm</a>, consisting of 30 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>, each 140 metres (459 ft) high, providing enough electricity to power 70,000 households.<sup id="cite_ref-windfarm_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windfarm-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The now-redundant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shivering_Sands_Army_Fort" title="Shivering Sands Army Fort">Shivering Sands</a> and Red Sands offshore <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maunsell_Forts" title="Maunsell Forts">sea forts</a> are visible from the town's coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Maunsell_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maunsell-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailing trips are available from the harbour to the windfarm, the sea forts and a seal watching spot in the Thames Estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-trips_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trips-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Island Wall, the closest street to the seafront, has numerous buildings dating from the mid-19th century including the Neptune and Wall Tavern pubs, and the Dollar Row cottages, which were built from the proceeds of a salvage operation on a ship carrying silver dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-dollar_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dollar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The street is home to the <i>Favourite</i>, one of the few remaining Whitstable oyster <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">yawls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-favourite_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-favourite-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Built in 1890, it is now managed by the Favourite Trust, a charitable trust who undertake fund raising to maintain the historical vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-Favourite_Trust_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Favourite_Trust-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A traditional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Mill,_Whitstable" title="Black Mill, Whitstable">windmill</a> on Borstal Hill, built in 1815, is used as a motel.
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Old_Neptune,_Whitstable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg/220px-Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg/330px-Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg/440px-Old_Neptune%2C_Whitstable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="3332" /></a><figcaption>The Old Neptune pub on Whitstable seafront</figcaption></figure>
<p>The town is criss-crossed by numerous small alleys, once used by fishermen to reach the beach. Many of these are now registered as public rights of way and are still in frequent use. Squeeze Gut Alley whose name suggests (erroneously) that most people have to walk sideways due to its narrowness, is one of the more notable.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Alleyways_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Alleyways-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The town claims to have the largest village green in England at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duncan_Down" title="Duncan Down">Duncan Down</a> (52 acres (210,000 m<sup>2</sup>)).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The town is a popular destination for watersport enthusiasts. Established in 1904, the Whitstable Yacht Club is one of the oldest yacht clubs in England and takes part in local and national competitions throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Yacht_Club_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Yacht_Club-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each year, the town hosts the International Waterski Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2007, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitstable_Town_F.C." title="Whitstable Town F.C.">Whitstable Town Football Club</a>, based at the Belmont ground, won promotion from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent Football League">Kent League</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isthmian_League_Division_One_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmian League Division One South">Isthmian League Division One South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wfc_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wfc-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable Rugby Football Club 1st XV also won promotion in 2007, to the London League. The club has a 2nd XV team which play in the East Kent League 2.<sup id="cite_ref-rugby_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rugby-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable has a council-owned swimming pool and sports centre with facilities for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/5-a-side" class="mw-redirect" title="5-a-side">5-a-side football</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitstable_Sports_Centre_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitstable_Sports_Centre-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 10-pin bowling centre is located next door to the swimming pool. There is also an outdoor basketball court at the Rec near the swimming pool.
</p><p>Windsurfing is common off the West Quay, usually at low tide in southwesterly winds. Kite surfing has become popular in recent years usually taking place east of the Harbour, due to its flat water conditions and exposure to the open sea.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_media">Local media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Local media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The four local newspapers are the KM Group owned <i>Whitstable Gazette</i> and <i>KM Extra</i>, YourCanterbury part of KOS Ltd. and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northcliffe_Media" title="Northcliffe Media">Northcliffe Media</a>-owned <i>Whitstable Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>During the 1960s, several <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">pirate radio stations</a> broadcast from the nearby Shivering Sands and Red Sands offshore sea forts. These included Radio Invicta,<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_pages_314-316_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell_pages_314-316-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KING Radio,<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radio Sutch (launched by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Screaming_Lord_Sutch" title="Screaming Lord Sutch">Screaming Lord Sutch</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Le_Roi_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Roi-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_City_(pirate_radio_station)" title="Radio City (pirate radio station)">Radio City</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_390" title="Radio 390">Radio 390</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lister_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lister-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Local television news programmes are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_South_East_Today" title="BBC South East Today">BBC South East Today</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ITV_News_Meridian" title="ITV News Meridian">ITV News Meridian</a>.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> local radio station is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_Radio_Kent" title="BBC Radio Kent">BBC Radio Kent</a> on 96.7 FM.
</p><p>Whitstable has a local radio station in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KMFM_Canterbury" title="KMFM Canterbury">KMFM Canterbury</a> which also serves Canterbury and Herne Bay. It was previously known as <i>CTFM</i>, until it was taken over by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KM_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="KM Group">KM Group</a> in September 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> County-wide station <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heart_Kent" title="Heart Kent">Heart Kent</a> (formerly Invicta FM) was based on the John Wilson business park in the town. In 2019, Heart Kent was rebranded under the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a> banner.
</p><p>Whitstable also has a community radio station which broadcasts online and is known as Whitstable Bay Radio (WBR) <sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The playwright and novelist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a> was sent to live with his uncle in Whitstable, at age 10, after the death of his parents.<sup id="cite_ref-maugham_uncle_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maugham_uncle-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His novels <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Of_Human_Bondage" title="Of Human Bondage">Of Human Bondage</a></i> (1915) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cakes_and_Ale" title="Cakes and Ale">Cakes and Ale</a></i> (1930) are set in the fictional town of Blackstable. It is obvious that he based this town on Whitstable, as the names and description of places around Blackstable, including The Duke of Cumberland Inn and Joy Lane, are identical to places around Whitstable.<sup id="cite_ref-maugham_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maugham-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable is the hometown of the narrator, Nancy Astley, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah_Waters" title="Sarah Waters">Sarah Waters</a>' 1998 novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tipping_the_Velvet" title="Tipping the Velvet">Tipping the Velvet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-velvet_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-velvet-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitstable also featured in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tipping_the_Velvet_(TV_series)" title="Tipping the Velvet (TV series)">2002 BBC drama adaptation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Old Neptune Pub on the seafront was used as a filming location for the 2006 movie <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venus_(2006_film)" title="Venus (2006 film)">Venus</a></i>, for which the actor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> earned an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Whitstable features prominently in the 2021 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AcornTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AcornTV">AcornTV</a> series <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitstable_Pearl" title="Whitstable Pearl">Whitstable Pearl</a></i>, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kerry_Godliman" title="Kerry Godliman">Kerry Godliman</a>, in which a restaurateur fancies herself a private detective in the seaside town.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Hewlett" title="Donald Hewlett">Donald Hewlett</a>, actor lived in town</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siobhan_Hewlett" title="Siobhan Hewlett">Siobhan Hewlett</a>, actor, writer,producer,director</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hervey_Alan" title="Hervey Alan">Hervey Alan</a>, operatic bass</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a>, actor, lived in the town<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alan_Davies" title="Alan Davies">Alan Davies</a>, comedian</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Haw" title="Brian Haw">Brian Haw</a>, protester</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Val_Hennessy" title="Val Hennessy">Val Hennessy</a>, journalist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Hill" title="Harry Hill">Harry Hill</a>, comedian, has his primary residence in the town</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Holness" title="Matthew Holness">Matthew Holness</a>, comedian and actor (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garth_Marenghi%27s_Darkplace" title="Garth Marenghi's Darkplace">Garth Marenghi's Darkplace</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Man_to_Man_with_Dean_Learner" title="Man to Man with Dean Learner">Man to Man with Dean Learner</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Hopper" title="Hugh Hopper">Hugh Hopper</a> (1945-2009), fusion jazz/rock bassist</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Jewell" title="Paul Jewell">Paul Jewell</a>, Liverpool born <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> English football manager</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a> lived in Whitstable in his early years</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiona_Reid" title="Fiona Reid">Fiona Reid</a>, English-born Canadian actress</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Shearing" title="Peter Shearing">Peter Shearing</a>, former professional footballer</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dawn_Steele" title="Dawn Steele">Dawn Steele</a>, Scottish actress</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Croft_MBE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Croft MBE (page does not exist)">Daniel Croft MBE</a>, Social Care Innovator</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Violet_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet Wood">Violet Wood</a> (1899–2012), formerly the oldest documented living person in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, lived in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Whitstable is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with the following towns:<sup id="cite_ref-towns:_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-towns:-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dainville" title="Dainville">Dainville, France</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borken,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia">Borken, Germany</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C4%8Dany" title="Říčany">Říčany, Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albertslund_Municipality" title="Albertslund Municipality">Albertslund, Denmark</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C3%B6lndal" title="Mölndal">Mölndal, Sweden</a></li></ul>
<p>Whitstable has friendship links with:<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grabow" title="Grabow">Grabow, Germany</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland"><img alt="Greenland" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sisimiut" title="Sisimiut">Sisimiut, Greenland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bolk%C3%B3w" title="Bolków">Bolków, Poland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv, Ukraine</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Renfrewshire" title="East Renfrewshire">East Renfrewshire, Scotland</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Author <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russell_Hoban" title="Russell Hoban">Russell Hoban</a> repurposes Whitstable as "Widders Bel" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riddley_Walker" title="Riddley Walker">Riddley Walker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473">"Town Population 2011"</a>. City Populations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210545/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southeastengland.php?cityid=E35000473">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+Population+2011&rft.pub=City+Populations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fuk-england-southeastengland.php%3Fcityid%3DE35000473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ATZ-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ATZ_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Kent – A to Z street Atlas</i>. Geographers A-Z Map Company Ltd. 9 December 2015. p. 226. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843487555" title="Special:BookSources/9781843487555"><bdi>9781843487555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kent+%E2%80%93+A+to+Z+street+Atlas&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Geographers+A-Z+Map+Company+Ltd.&rft.date=2015-12-09&rft.isbn=9781843487555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1884" class="citation book cs1">Cox, W. J. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ"><i>W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood</i></a>. W.J. Cox.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.J.+Cox%27s+illustrated+popular+guide+to+Whitstable-on-sea+and+the+surrounding+neighbourhood&rft.pub=W.J.+Cox&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=W.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPBEHAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whitstable"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Whitstable">"Whitstable" </a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 612.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whitstable&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=612&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Up_to_1000AD-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Up_to_1000AD_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425">"Up to 1000AD"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040442/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Up+to+1000AD&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Prehistoric-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prehistoric_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuckworth" class="citation book cs1">Duckworth, W. L. H. <i>Prehistoric Man</i>. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Man&rft.pages=83&rft.aulast=Duckworth&rft.aufirst=W.+L.+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-oyster-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oyster_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oyster_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501102314/http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html">"Whitstable Oyster Company"</a>. Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Oyster+Company&rft.pub=Whitstable+Oyster+Fishery+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oysterfishery.co.uk%2Fhistory%2520of%2520the%2520company.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-agrarian-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agrarian_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallam1988" class="citation book cs1">Hallam (1988). <i>The Agrarian history of England and Wales</i>. p. 922.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agrarian+history+of+England+and+Wales&rft.pages=922&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Hallam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp555-557#h3-0022">"Whitley - Whittering | British History Online"</a>. <i>www.british-history.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.british-history.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Whitley+-+Whittering+%7C+British+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Ftopographical-dict%2Fengland%2Fpp555-557%23h3-0022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/">http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712113547/http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/">Archived</a> 12 July 2015 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Open Domesday Map: Whitstable</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/">http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712082149/http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/">Archived</a> 12 July 2015 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Open Domesday Map: Whitstable Hundred</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-1000_-_1500-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1000_-_1500_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426">"1000–1500"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040525/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1000%E2%80%931500&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D2426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-place_names-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-place_names_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-place_names_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml">"Kent place names"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224113413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kent+place+names&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fkent%2Fplaces%2Fnames%2Fnames_o-z.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweetinburgh2010" class="citation book cs1">Sweetinburgh, Sheila (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G3f32EUj3GgC&dq=medieval+whitstable&pg=PA60"><i>Later Medieval Kent, 1220-1540</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer. p. 60. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-584-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-584-5"><bdi>978-0-85115-584-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Later+Medieval+Kent%2C+1220-1540&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-584-5&rft.aulast=Sweetinburgh&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG3f32EUj3GgC%26dq%3Dmedieval%2Bwhitstable%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-1500_-_1700-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1500_-_1700_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427">"1500–1700"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040430/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1500%E2%80%931700&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-1700_-_1800-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1700_-_1800_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428">"1700–1800"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040548/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1700%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879">"Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company"</a>. The National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081012/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Oyster+Fishery+Company&rft.pub=The+National+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Frd%2F781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Bill-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Oyster_Fishery_Company_Bill_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf">"Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Stationery Office Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083757/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Oyster+Fishery+Company+Bill&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200405%2Fcmprbill%2F006%2Fwhit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-EdgarJMarchTrawlers-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EdgarJMarchTrawlers_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarch1950" class="citation book cs1">March, Edgar J. (1950). <i>Sailing Trawlers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailing+Trawlers&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Edgar+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1884" class="citation book cs1">Cox, W. J. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ&q=oyster"><i>W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood</i></a>. W.J. Cox. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.J.+Cox%27s+illustrated+popular+guide+to+Whitstable-on-sea+and+the+surrounding+neighbourhood&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=W.J.+Cox&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=W.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPBEHAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Doyster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-lines-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lines_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearle1982" class="citation book cs1">Searle, Muriel Vivienne (1982). <i>Lost lines</i>. pp. 11–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+lines&rft.pages=11-13&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=Muriel+Vivienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-economics-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economics_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Railway Economics</i>. 1912.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Economics&rft.date=1912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMAYO2020" class="citation book cs1">MAYO, KERRY (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139923501"><i>WHITSTABLE HISTORY TOUR</i></a>. [Place of publication not identified]: AMBERLEY Publishing. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3981-0277-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3981-0277-4"><bdi>978-1-3981-0277-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1139923501">1139923501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHITSTABLE+HISTORY+TOUR.&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.pub=AMBERLEY+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1139923501&rft.isbn=978-1-3981-0277-4&rft.aulast=MAYO&rft.aufirst=KERRY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1139923501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-economy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economy_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-economy_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-economy_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, Alan. <i>The economy of Kent, 1640–1914</i>. p. 195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+economy+of+Kent%2C+1640%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=195&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-crab-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crab_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crab_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crab_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf">"Crab and Winkle Way"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011044406/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crab+and+Winkle+Way&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fassets%2Ftransport%2Fcrabandwinkle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-locomotives-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-locomotives_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDendy_Marshall1953" class="citation book cs1">Dendy Marshall, Chapman Frederick (1953). <i>A history of railway locomotives down to the end of the year 1831</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+railway+locomotives+down+to+the+end+of+the+year+1831&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Dendy+Marshall&rft.aufirst=Chapman+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhillMannering2013" class="citation book cs1">Greenhill, Basil; Mannering, Julian (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nnBuBAAAQBAJ&dq=whitstable+colliers&pg=PT158"><i>Inshore Craft: Traditional Working Vessels of the British Isles</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2260-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2260-3"><bdi>978-1-4738-2260-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inshore+Craft%3A+Traditional+Working+Vessels+of+the+British+Isles&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-2260-3&rft.aulast=Greenhill&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft.au=Mannering%2C+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnnBuBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dwhitstable%2Bcolliers%26pg%3DPT158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/">"Invicta | Whitstable Museum and Gallery"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221182153/https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invicta+%7C+Whitstable+Museum+and+Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstablemuseum.org%2Fcategory%2Finvicta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tank-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tank_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/">"Parking on History"</a>. Oystertown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801041711/http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parking+on+History&rft.pub=Oystertown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oystertown.net%2Fextras%2Fmy-whitstable-times-articles%2Fparking-on-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fire-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fire_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodsall1938" class="citation book cs1">Goodsall, Robert (1938). <i>Whitstable, Seasalter and Swalecliffe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whitstable%2C+Seasalter+and+Swalecliffe&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Goodsall&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Cadets-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cadets_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334">"Whitstable Sea Cadets"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031112320/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Sea+Cadets&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.co.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-squay-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-squay_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y">"South Quay public consultation"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040638/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Quay+public+consultation&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2323%26prn%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-then-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-then_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2005" class="citation book cs1">Glover, M. R. (2005). <i>Whitstable Then and Now</i>. Nonsuch Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Then+and+Now&rft.pub=Nonsuch+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879"><i>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</i></a>. <corpname>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</corpname>, <corpname>Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers, 1793-1896, Whitstable</corpname>. 1724–1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Oyster+Fishery+Company&rft.date=1724%2F1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2F781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd369628fa8f54d6249ea1c/pfn-whitstable-oysters.pdf">"Product Specification "Whitstable Oysters"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Product+Specification+%22Whitstable+Oysters%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F5fd369628fa8f54d6249ea1c%2Fpfn-whitstable-oysters.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deployment-of-oyster-trestles-to-the-west-of-whitstable-harbour">"Deployment of oyster trestles to the west of Whitstable Harbour"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Deployment+of+oyster+trestles+to+the+west+of+Whitstable+Harbour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fdeployment-of-oyster-trestles-to-the-west-of-whitstable-harbour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/">"Oyster racks 'threatening lives'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 15 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042641/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oyster+racks+%27threatening+lives%27&rft.date=2017-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentonline.co.uk%2Fwhitstable%2Fnews%2Foyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf">https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230628/https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf">Archived</a> 31 January 2021 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> P9</span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-40212652">"Election Results 2017: Canterbury won by Labour for first time"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Election+Results+2017%3A+Canterbury+won+by+Labour+for+first+time&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-kent-40212652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0">"Members of the Council"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707065750/http://www2.canterbury.gov.uk/committee/mgMemberIndex.asp?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+of+the+Council&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcommittee%2FmgMemberIndex.asp%3FFN%3DWARD%26VW%3DLIST%26PIC%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whitstablesociety.info">"The Whitstable Society"</a>. The Whitstable Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230633/https://www.whitstablesociety.info/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Whitstable+Society&rft.pub=The+Whitstable+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhitstablesociety.info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1904" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Horrace B (1904). <i>Stanford's Geological Atlas</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanford%27s+Geological+Atlas&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Horrace+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kent (county)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kent_(county)">"Kent" </a></span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kent&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx">"Geological Sites Map"</a>. Natureonthemap.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303182025/http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geological+Sites+Map&rft.pub=Natureonthemap.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureonthemap.org.uk%2Fmap.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-metengland-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metengland_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metengland_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metengland_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metengland_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y">"Manston (Kent) UK climate averages"</a>. <i>www.metoffice.gov.uk</i>. Met Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305122657/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10unds1y">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metoffice.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Manston+%28Kent%29+UK+climate+averages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fclimate%2Fmaps-and-data%2Fuk-climate-averages%2Fu10unds1y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426172737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/weather/features/kent_weather2.shtml">"Kent weather exposed"</a>. BBC Kent. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kent+weather+exposed&rft.pub=BBC+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fkent%2Fweather%2Ffeatures%2Fkent_weather2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321082321/http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm">"Mid Kent Water Impose Further Water Restrictions"</a>. Mid Kent Water. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midkentwater.co.uk/Press/hosepipe%20ban.htm">the original</a> on 21 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid+Kent+Water+Impose+Further+Water+Restrictions&rft.pub=Mid+Kent+Water&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midkentwater.co.uk%2FPress%2Fhosepipe%2520ban.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hosepipeban.org.uk/?p=52">"Mid Kent Water Lifts Ban"</a>. HosePipeBan.org.uk. 27 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230634/https://hosepipeban.org.uk/2007/02/27/mid-kent-water-lifts-ban/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid+Kent+Water+Lifts+Ban&rft.pub=HosePipeBan.org.uk&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hosepipeban.org.uk%2F%3Fp%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Statistics.gov.uk-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistics.gov.uk_49-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525195139/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1">"Neighbourhood Statistics"</a>. Statistics.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadHome.do%3Bjsessionid%3Dac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0%3Fbhcp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/harbour/harbourannualreport2006.pdf">"Whitstable Harbour Annual Report 2006-07"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canterbury City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Harbour+Annual+Report+2006-07&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fassets%2Fharbour%2Fharbourannualreport2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Harbour-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Harbour_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419">"Whitstable Harbour"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040609/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=1419">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Harbour&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D1419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Enterprise_Centre-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Enterprise_Centre_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11">"Whitstable Enterprise Centre"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205070244/http://www.business.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=11">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Enterprise+Centre&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_planning_strategy-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_planning_strategy_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040653/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534">"Whitstable planning strategy"</a>. Canterbury City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=534">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+planning+strategy&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Boosting_our_local_economy-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boosting_our_local_economy_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040449/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519">"Boosting our local economy"</a>. Canterbury City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2519">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boosting+our+local+economy&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D2519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hospital-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hospital_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070415150739/http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp">"Whitstable and Tankerton Hospital"</a>. NHS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentandmedway.nhs.uk/local_nhs_services/hospitals/whitstable_and_tankerton.asp">the original</a> on 15 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+and+Tankerton+Hospital&rft.pub=NHS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentandmedway.nhs.uk%2Flocal_nhs_services%2Fhospitals%2Fwhitstable_and_tankerton.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328161700/http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt">"Timetable"</a>. National Rail Enquiries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojp2.nationalrail.co.uk/en/pj/tt">the original</a> on 28 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timetable&rft.pub=National+Rail+Enquiries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojp2.nationalrail.co.uk%2Fen%2Fpj%2Ftt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalexpress.com/bp/b2.cfm?id=84618113">"Timetable"</a>. National Express<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timetable&rft.pub=National+Express&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalexpress.com%2Fbp%2Fb2.cfm%3Fid%3D84618113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091002094320/https://www.stagecoachbus.com/">"East Kent – Timetables"</a>. Stagecoach. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stagecoachbus.com/">the original</a> on 2 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Kent+%E2%80%93+Timetables&rft.pub=Stagecoach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stagecoachbus.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm">"Schools in Kent"</a>. BBC. 13 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/education/09/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_4091.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Schools+in+Kent&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Feducation%2F09%2Fschool_tables%2Fsecondary_schools%2Fhtml%2F886_4091.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803">"Ofsted"</a>. Ofsted. 1 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053214/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/118803">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ofsted&rft.pub=Ofsted&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofsted.gov.uk%2Finspection-reports%2Ffind-inspection-report%2Fprovider%2FELS%2F118803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search">"UK Schools and Colleges Database"</a>. Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015757/http://www.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk/postcode.php?searchword=ct5&action=Search">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Schools+and+Colleges+Database&rft.pub=Schoolswebdirectory.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolswebdirectory.co.uk%2Fpostcode.php%3Fsearchword%3Dct5%26action%3DSearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203171238/http://cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/">"Schools and the Church of England"</a>. Church of England. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/education/schools/">the original</a> on 3 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schools+and+the+Church+of+England&rft.pub=Church+of+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cofe.anglican.org%2Finfo%2Feducation%2Fschools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/pages/common/KentAdultEducation.aspx?pg=2150">"Adult and community education"</a>. Kent County Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230636/https://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adult+and+community+education&rft.pub=Kent+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentadulteducation.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fcommon%2FKentAdultEducation.aspx%3Fpg%3D2150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Goodsall,_quoting_Kentish_Gazette_of_17921938" class="citation book cs1">Robert Goodsall, quoting Kentish Gazette of 1792 (1938). <i>History of Whitstable, Seasalter & Swalecliffe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Whitstable%2C+Seasalter+%26+Swalecliffe&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Robert+Goodsall%2C+quoting+Kentish+Gazette+of+1792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-festival-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-festival_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061219183705/http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11">"Whitstable and the Oyster Festival history"</a>. Whitstable and the Oyster Festival. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=11">the original</a> on 19 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+and+the+Oyster+Festival+history&rft.pub=Whitstable+and+the+Oyster+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstableoysterfestival.co.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-museum-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-museum_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394">"Whitstable museum and art gallery"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626212307/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2394">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+museum+and+art+gallery&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-playhouse-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-playhouse_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/">"The Playhouse Theatre"</a>. theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070430235937/http://www.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Playhouse+Theatre&rft.pub=theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplayhousewhitstable.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-centre-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centre_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node/5">"Horsebridge Arts and Community Centre"</a>. Horsebridge-centre.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827222931/http://www.horsebridge-centre.org.uk/?q=node%2F5">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horsebridge+Arts+and+Community+Centre&rft.pub=Horsebridge-centre.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsebridge-centre.org.uk%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tourism-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tourism_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Melanie_K.Robinson,_Mike2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Melanie K.; Robinson, Mike (2006). <i>Cultural tourism in a changing world</i>. Channel View Publications. p. 301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+tourism+in+a+changing+world&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Channel+View+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Smith%2C+Melanie+K.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10">"Portfolio"</a>. <i>clague.co.uk</i>. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061023/http://www.clague.co.uk/sector-details.asp?CategoryID=10">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clague.co.uk&rft.atitle=Portfolio&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clague.co.uk%2Fsector-details.asp%3FCategoryID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-street-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-street_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6">"Top 10 beaches in the UK"</a>. SHE magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185438/http://www.allaboutyou.com/escape/daysout/topbeaches/?MemID=6">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+beaches+in+the+UK&rft.pub=SHE+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutyou.com%2Fescape%2Fdaysout%2Ftopbeaches%2F%3FMemID%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Tankerton_Slopes-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tankerton_Slopes_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true">"Tankerton Slopes"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815221046/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&p1=c&feature=1&venue=3030643&easi=true">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tankerton+Slopes&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.co.uk%2Fthedms.asp%3Fdms%3D13%26p1%3Dc%26feature%3D1%26venue%3D3030643%26easi%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-maritime-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maritime_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14">"Whitstable"</a>. MaritimeHeritageTrail.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071022072426/http://www.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk/EN/loc_history.php?id=14">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable&rft.pub=MaritimeHeritageTrail.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritimeheritagetrail.co.uk%2FEN%2Floc_history.php%3Fid%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-castle-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-castle_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104062540/http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf">"The Story of Whitstable Castle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Whitstablecastle.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitstablecastle.co.uk/downloads/history.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Whitstable+Castle&rft.pub=Whitstablecastle.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstablecastle.co.uk%2Fdownloads%2Fhistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-castleCCC-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-castleCCC_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319">"Whitstable Castle Lottery bid"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822214545/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=3319">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Castle+Lottery+bid&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D3319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-windfarm-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-windfarm_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp">"Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm"</a>. Vattenfall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713042848/http://www.vattenfall.com/www/vf_com/vf_com/365787ourxc/366203opera/555848newpo/557004biofu/1466604ourxw/599930kenti/index.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kentish+Flats+Offshore+Wind+Farm&rft.pub=Vattenfall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vattenfall.com%2Fwww%2Fvf_com%2Fvf_com%2F365787ourxc%2F366203opera%2F555848newpo%2F557004biofu%2F1466604ourxw%2F599930kenti%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Maunsell-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maunsell_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm">"The Maunsell Sea Forts"</a>. Whitstablescene.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123064542/http://whitstablescene.co.uk/forts.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Maunsell+Sea+Forts&rft.pub=Whitstablescene.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstablescene.co.uk%2Fforts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-trips-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trips_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676">"Bayblast Marine"</a>. VisitCanterbury.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928213125/http://www.visitcanterbury.co.uk/thedms.asp?dms=13&areaid=148&venue=3030676">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bayblast+Marine&rft.pub=VisitCanterbury.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitcanterbury.co.uk%2Fthedms.asp%3Fdms%3D13%26areaid%3D148%26venue%3D3030676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-dollar-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dollar_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420">"Diver's trail"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040403/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2420">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diver%27s+trail&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D2420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-favourite-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-favourite_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824">"Favourite Oyster Yawl"</a>. National Historic Ships. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090820082737/http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/ships_register.php?action=ship&id=1824">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Favourite+Oyster+Yawl&rft.pub=National+Historic+Ships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalhistoricships.org.uk%2Fships_register.php%3Faction%3Dship%26id%3D1824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Favourite_Trust-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Favourite_Trust_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.favourite.org.uk">"Favourite Trust"</a>. Favourite Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325041241/http://www.favourite.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Favourite+Trust&rft.pub=Favourite+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.favourite.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Alleyways-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Alleyways_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html">"Whitstable Alleyways"</a>. SeeWhitstable.com. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426075729/http://www.seewhitstable.com/Whitstable_alleys.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Alleyways&rft.pub=SeeWhitstable.com&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seewhitstable.com%2FWhitstable_alleys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406">"Duncan Down, Green Flag Awards, Keep Britain Tidy. Retrieved 28 September 2011"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117210449/http://www.keepbritaintidy.org/GreenFlag/GreenFlagAwardSites/SouthEast/Default.aspx?parkID=406">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duncan+Down%2C+Green+Flag+Awards%2C+Keep+Britain+Tidy.+Retrieved+28+September+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkeepbritaintidy.org%2FGreenFlag%2FGreenFlagAwardSites%2FSouthEast%2FDefault.aspx%3FparkID%3D406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct">"Duncan Down village green"</a>. Independent Media Publications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018183746/http://issuu.com/whitstableimp/docs/imp_oct">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duncan+Down+village+green&rft.pub=Independent+Media+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fwhitstableimp%2Fdocs%2Fimp_oct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Yacht_Club-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Yacht_Club_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wyc.org.uk/">"Whitstable Yacht Club"</a>. Whitstable Yacht Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070424174325/http://www.wyc.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Yacht+Club&rft.pub=Whitstable+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyc.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-guide-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guide_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42">"Canterbury Guide to Places to Stay"</a>. Resort-guide.co.uk. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100540/http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/pagedest.php3?destcode=42">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canterbury+Guide+to+Places+to+Stay&rft.pub=Resort-guide.co.uk&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.resort-guide.co.uk%2Fpagedest.php3%3Fdestcode%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wfc-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wfc_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/">"Whitstable Town FC"</a>. Whitstable Town FC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080516/http://www.whitstabletownfc.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Town+FC&rft.pub=Whitstable+Town+FC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstabletownfc.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rugby-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rugby_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/">"Whitstable Rugby Football Club"</a>. Whitstable Rugby Football Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304090751/http://www.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Rugby+Football+Club&rft.pub=Whitstable+Rugby+Football+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstablerugbyclub.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Whitstable_Sports_Centre-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitstable_Sports_Centre_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php">"Whitstable Sports Centre"</a>. Active Life Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929183044/http://www.activelifeltd.co.uk/charges.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Sports+Centre&rft.pub=Active+Life+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.activelifeltd.co.uk%2Fcharges.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/">"KM Publications"</a>. Kent Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601210007/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/km/publications/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KM+Publications&rft.pub=Kent+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentonline.co.uk%2Fkm%2Fpublications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127024633/http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/">"Regionals"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trinitymirror.com/brands/regionals/southern/tms/">the original</a> on 27 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regionals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trinitymirror.com%2Fbrands%2Fregionals%2Fsouthern%2Ftms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bell_pages_314-316-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell_pages_314-316_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2016" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Robin (15 February 2016). <i>The History of British Rock and Roll: The Beat Boom 1963 – 1966</i>. Robin Bell Books, Sweden. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9198191653" title="Special:BookSources/978-9198191653"><bdi>978-9198191653</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+British+Rock+and+Roll%3A+The+Beat+Boom+1963+%E2%80%93+1966&rft.pub=Robin+Bell+Books%2C+Sweden&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft.isbn=978-9198191653&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bishop-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bishop_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1975" class="citation book cs1">Bishop, Gerry (1975). <i>Offshore Radio</i>. Iceni Enterprises, Norwich. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904603-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-904603-00-8"><bdi>0-904603-00-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Offshore+Radio&rft.pub=Iceni+Enterprises%2C+Norwich&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-904603-00-8&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Le_Roi-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Roi_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Roi2018" class="citation web cs1">Le Roi, Bob (15 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html">"Radio Sutch & City Pictures - Part 1 Issue : 9"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520081926/http://www.bobleroi.co.uk/ScrapBook/SutchCityPics1/SutchCityPics1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Sutch+%26+City+Pictures+-+Part+1+Issue+%3A+9&rft.date=2018-08-15&rft.aulast=Le+Roi&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobleroi.co.uk%2FScrapBook%2FSutchCityPics1%2FSutchCityPics1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYT-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2012" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Frank (20 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/">"All Hail Sealand"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211748/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/all-hail-sealand/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=All+Hail+Sealand&rft.date=2012-03-20&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F20%2Fall-hail-sealand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Lister-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lister_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLister2017" class="citation book cs1">Lister, Brian (2017). <i>Pirate Gold: The real story behind the offshore radio stations of the 1960s</i> (Kindle ed.). Sound Concepts. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-244-01718-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-244-01718-7"><bdi>978-0-244-01718-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pirate+Gold%3A+The+real+story+behind+the+offshore+radio+stations+of+the+1960s&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Sound+Concepts&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-244-01718-7&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediauk.com/radio/29">"kmfm"</a>. MediaUK.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403195443/http://mediauk.com/radio/29">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kmfm&rft.pub=MediaUK.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediauk.com%2Fradio%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitstablebayradio.co.uk/">"Home"</a>. <i>whitstablebayradio.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitstablebayradio.co.uk&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitstablebayradio.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-maugham_uncle-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maugham_uncle_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm">"Somerset Maugham"</a>. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070409114358/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmaugham.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somerset+Maugham&rft.pub=Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk%2FJmaugham.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-maugham-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maugham_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonsdale2002" class="citation news cs1">Lonsdale, Sarah (24 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106214432/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fproperty%2F2002%2F04%2F24%2Fpwhitst.xml">"Sea for sadness and solitude"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=/property/2002/04/24/pwhitst.xml">the original</a> on 6 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sea+for+sadness+and+solitude&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft.aulast=Lonsdale&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fproperty%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fproperty%2F2002%2F04%2F24%2Fpwhitst.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-velvet-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-velvet_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt">"Tipping the Velvet"</a>. Powell's Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223928/http://www.powells.com/biblio?show=TRADE%20PAPER:USED:9781573227889:10.50&page=excerpt">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tipping+the+Velvet&rft.pub=Powell%27s+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powells.com%2Fbiblio%3Fshow%3DTRADE%2520PAPER%3AUSED%3A9781573227889%3A10.50%26page%3Dexcerpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations">"IMDB, Tipping the Velvet (2002), Filming Locations"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317030843/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324264/locations">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=IMDB%2C+Tipping+the+Velvet+%282002%29%2C+Filming+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0324264%2Flocations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509203608/http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911">"Peter O'Toole, A winner in waiting"</a>. TheIrishWorld.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishworld.com/article.asp?SubSection_Id=10&Article_Id=1911">the original</a> on 9 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+O%27Toole%2C+A+winner+in+waiting&rft.pub=TheIrishWorld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishworld.com%2Farticle.asp%3FSubSection_Id%3D10%26Article_Id%3D1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acorn.tv/whitstablepearl/">"Whitstable Pearl"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable+Pearl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facorn.tv%2Fwhitstablepearl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411">"Peter Cushing"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040555/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2411">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Cushing&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fbuildpage.php%3Fid%3D2411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm">"Bedfordshire onsunday has closed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727024427/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/News/Margaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bedfordshire+onsunday+has+closed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bedfordshire-news.co.uk%2FNews%2FMargaret-112-the-oldest-person-in-Britain-has-died.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-towns:-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-towns:_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16">"Whitstable"</a>. Canterbury City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427214439/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2264#f16">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whitstable&rft.pub=Canterbury+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury.gov.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbuildpage.pl%3Fmysql%3D2264%23f16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403">"A Twinning formula"</a>. Kent Life. 20 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527022830/https://www.kent-life.co.uk/people/a-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Twinning+formula&rft.pub=Kent+Life&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kent-life.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fa-twinning-formula-local-life-1-1642403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places">"Places - Riddley Walker Annotations"</a>. <i>Errorbar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025537/http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Errorbar&rft.atitle=Places+-+Riddley+Walker+Annotations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.errorbar.net%2Frw%2FPlaces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhitstable" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Whitstable&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Towns_and_villages_in_the_Canterbury_district_of_Kent,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Canterbury" title="Template:Canterbury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Canterbury" title="Template talk:Canterbury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canterbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canterbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Towns_and_villages_in_the_Canterbury_district_of_Kent,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Towns and villages in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> district of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg/100px-Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg/150px-Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg/200px-Canterbury_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adisham" title="Adisham">Adisham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barham,_Kent" title="Barham, Kent">Barham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bekesbourne" title="Bekesbourne">Bekesbourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beltinge" title="Beltinge">Beltinge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishopsbourne" title="Bishopsbourne">Bishopsbourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blean" title="Blean">Blean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boyden_Gate" title="Boyden Gate">Boyden Gate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bramling" title="Bramling">Bramling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridge,_Kent" title="Bridge, Kent">Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broad_Oak,_Kent" title="Broad Oak, Kent">Broad Oak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broomfield,_Herne_Bay" title="Broomfield, Herne Bay">Broomfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chartham" title="Chartham">Chartham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chestfield" title="Chestfield">Chestfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chislet" title="Chislet">Chislet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddington,_Kent" title="Eddington, Kent">Eddington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fordwich" title="Fordwich">Fordwich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grays,_Kent" title="Grays, Kent">Grays</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hackington" title="Hackington">Hackington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harbledown" title="Harbledown">Harbledown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawthorn_Corner" title="Hawthorn Corner">Hawthorn Corner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne,_Kent" title="Herne, Kent">Herne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne_Bay" title="Herne Bay">Herne Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hersden" title="Hersden">Hersden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillborough" title="Hillborough">Hillborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoath" title="Hoath">Hoath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ickham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ickham">Ickham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingston,_Kent" title="Kingston, Kent">Kingston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Littlebourne" title="Littlebourne">Littlebourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Hardres" title="Lower Hardres">Lower Hardres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshside,_Kent" title="Marshside, Kent">Marshside</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nackington" title="Nackington">Nackington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrixbourne" title="Patrixbourne">Patrixbourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Petham" title="Petham">Petham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pett_Bottom_(Canterbury)" title="Pett Bottom (Canterbury)">Pett Bottom</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reculver" title="Reculver">Reculver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rough_Common" title="Rough Common">Rough Common</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stodmarsh" title="Stodmarsh">Stodmarsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stuppington" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuppington">Stuppington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sturry" title="Sturry">Sturry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swalecliffe" title="Swalecliffe">Swalecliffe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tankerton" title="Tankerton">Tankerton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanington" title="Thanington">Thanington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyler_Hill,_Kent" title="Tyler Hill, Kent">Tyler Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Harbledown" title="Upper Harbledown">Upper Harbledown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Hardres" title="Upper Hardres">Upper Hardres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upstreet" title="Upstreet">Upstreet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waltham,_Kent" title="Waltham, Kent">Waltham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westbere" title="Westbere">Westbere</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitstable</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wickhambreaux" title="Wickhambreaux">Wickhambreaux</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wincheap" title="Wincheap">Wincheap</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Womenswold" title="Womenswold">Womenswold</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woolage_Green" title="Woolage Green">Woolage Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woolage_Village" title="Woolage Village">Woolage Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkletts" title="Yorkletts">Yorkletts</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li>The city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">List of places in Kent</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kent&#124;link=Kent_Ceremonial_county_of_Kent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Kent" title="Template:Kent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Kent" title="Template talk:Kent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kent&#124;link=Kent_Ceremonial_county_of_Kent" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent"><img alt="Kent" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/23px-FlagOfKent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/35px-FlagOfKent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/46px-FlagOfKent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Kent" title="Portal:Kent">Kent Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashford,_Kent" title="Ashford, Kent">Ashford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broadstairs" title="Broadstairs">Broadstairs</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cranbrook,_Kent" title="Cranbrook, Kent">Cranbrook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deal,_Kent" title="Deal, Kent">Deal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edenbridge,_Kent" title="Edenbridge, Kent">Edenbridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folkestone" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fordwich" title="Fordwich">Fordwich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawkinge" title="Hawkinge">Hawkinge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herne_Bay" title="Herne Bay">Herne Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hythe,_Kent" title="Hythe, Kent">Hythe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lydd" title="Lydd">Lydd</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minster,_Swale" title="Minster, Swale">Minster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Romney" title="New Romney">New Romney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paddock_Wood" title="Paddock Wood">Paddock Wood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queenborough" title="Queenborough">Queenborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainham,_Kent" title="Rainham, Kent">Rainham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Royal Tunbridge Wells</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southborough,_Kent" title="Southborough, Kent">Southborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swanley" title="Swanley">Swanley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenterden" title="Tenterden">Tenterden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walmer" title="Walmer">Walmer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Malling" title="West Malling">West Malling</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westerham" title="Westerham">Westerham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westgate-on-Sea" title="Westgate-on-Sea">Westgate-on-Sea</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitstable</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Kent" title="List of civil parishes in Kent">List of civil parishes in Kent</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See:</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rivers_of_Kent" title="Rivers of Kent">Rivers of Kent</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Kent" title="Flag of Kent">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Kent">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_Kent" title="List of MPs for Kent">Members of Parliament</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Kent" title="Geography of Kent">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">Places</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Kent_by_population" title="List of settlements in Kent by population">Population of major settlements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Kent" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kent">SSSIs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Kent" title="Category:Country houses in Kent">Country houses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Kent" title="Grade I listed buildings in Kent">Grade I listed buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Kent" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Kent">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Kent" title="Scheduled monuments in Kent">Scheduled monuments</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Kent" title="History of Kent">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Kent" title="List of schools in Kent">Schools</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Kent" title="List of museums in Kent">Museums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Kent" title="Lord Lieutenant of Kent">Lord Lieutenants</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Kent" title="High Sheriff of Kent">High Sheriffs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kent" title="List of people from Kent">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Kent" title="Transport in Kent">Transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Kent" title="List of windmills in Kent">Windmills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Kent" title="Category:Culture in Kent">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/London_Paramount" class="mw-redirect" title="London Paramount">London Paramount</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964785#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964785#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964785#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153641748">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1224985/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc7Y3d6krxyd4qDkWf8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4751889-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83052627">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552977505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/1a4ed7f1-34b0-4782-ad4b-7ddf1629c152">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1726168001' |