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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Novel by Alexander Zinoviev}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''Yawning Heights''''' ({{lang-rus|Зияющие Высоты|r=Ziyayushchiye Vysoty}}) is the [[Debut novel|first published novel]] by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] philosopher [[Alexander Zinoviev]]. Zinoviev chose to satirize and ridicule Soviet society in ''Yawning Heights'', presented as the city / nation of [[Ibansk]]. The novel has been compared to the writings of [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Lewis Carroll]], and others.
Everyone in ''Yawning Heights'' is named Iban Ibanovich Ibanov, so each is instead referred to by a descriptive name, rather than their proper name. Some are recognizable. In the book, one of the characters writes a satirical novel critical of his society. The character knows that the Brothers ([[KGB]]) are searching his house to find his controversial book. This represents the level of [[metafiction]].
==Satire==
As a [[logic]]ian, Zinoviev was able to reduce many features of Soviet communism to what he calls "scientific laws". The book is also filled with numerous paradoxes and logical twists, ''à la'' ''[[Catch-22]]''. The book begins with a logically reflexive definition: a preface claims that the book details the result of an experiment. The preface identifies the purpose of the experiment: "to uncover those who disapprove of its implementation, and to take the appropriate measures".
One satire in a late chapter is that, after conquering the whole world in the Great Ibanskian Kissoff, the leaders of Ibansk discover another nation, Sub-Ibansk, whose inhabitants live underground beneath Ibansk and subsist on the sewage generated by Ibansk.
==Title==
The title of the book is a pun on a cliche of Soviet ideological propaganda, describing communism as the "Shining heights". The words "yawning" and "shining" in Russian are identical, except for the first letter: a ''Z'' in the case of "yawning", and an ''S'' in the case of "shining".
The "yawning" in the generally accepted translation of the Russian title does not refer to a "yawn" but rather to its meaning as in "yawning abyss". To capture the paradoxical nature of the Russian title, someone{{who|date=April 2022}} suggested that a better translation would have been "abysmal heights" (the primary meaning of ''abysmal'' derives from ''abyss'').{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
==English translation==
''Yawning Heights'' was translated into English by [[Gordon Clough]] and published in 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/abs/the-yawning-heights-by-alexander-zinoviev-translated-by-gordon-clough-new-york-random-house-1979-switzerland-editions-lage-dhomme-1976-829-pp-1500/FBDD5195326ADCC1432FB75C961B2946|doi = 10.2307/2496506|jstor = 2496506|title = The Yawning Heights. By Alexander Zinoviev. Translated by Gordon Clough. New York: Random House, 1979 [Switzerland: Editions l'Age d'Homme, 1976]. 829 pp. $15.00.|journal = Slavic Review|volume = 39|issue = 4|pages = 672–674|last1 = Brown|first1 = Edward J.|date = December 1980| s2cid=164558775 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1976 Russian novels]]
[[Category:Soviet novels]]
[[Category:Russian speculative fiction novels]]
{{1970s-specf-novel-stub}}' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '[[image:Exyawner.jpg|thumb|center|Jimbo Wales]]
{{Short description|Novel by Alexander Zinoviev}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''Yawning Heights''''' ({{lang-rus|Зияющие Высоты|r=Ziyayushchiye Vysoty}}) is the [[Debut novel|first published novel]] by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] philosopher [[Alexander Zinoviev]]. Zinoviev chose to satirize and ridicule Soviet society in ''Yawning Heights'', presented as the city / nation of [[Ibansk]]. The novel has been compared to the writings of [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Lewis Carroll]], and others.
Everyone in ''Yawning Heights'' is named Iban Ibanovich Ibanov, so each is instead referred to by a descriptive name, rather than their proper name. Some are recognizable. In the book, one of the characters writes a satirical novel critical of his society. The character knows that the Brothers ([[KGB]]) are searching his house to find his controversial book. This represents the level of [[metafiction]].
==Satire==
As a [[logic]]ian, Zinoviev was able to reduce many features of Soviet communism to what he calls "scientific laws". The book is also filled with numerous paradoxes and logical twists, ''à la'' ''[[Catch-22]]''. The book begins with a logically reflexive definition: a preface claims that the book details the result of an experiment. The preface identifies the purpose of the experiment: "to uncover those who disapprove of its implementation, and to take the appropriate measures".
One satire in a late chapter is that, after conquering the whole world in the Great Ibanskian Kissoff, the leaders of Ibansk discover another nation, Sub-Ibansk, whose inhabitants live underground beneath Ibansk and subsist on the sewage generated by Ibansk.
==Title==
The title of the book is a pun on a cliche of Soviet ideological propaganda, describing communism as the "Shining heights". The words "yawning" and "shining" in Russian are identical, except for the first letter: a ''Z'' in the case of "yawning", and an ''S'' in the case of "shining".
The "yawning" in the generally accepted translation of the Russian title does not refer to a "yawn" but rather to its meaning as in "yawning abyss". To capture the paradoxical nature of the Russian title, someone{{who|date=April 2022}} suggested that a better translation would have been "abysmal heights" (the primary meaning of ''abysmal'' derives from ''abyss'').{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
==English translation==
''Yawning Heights'' was translated into English by [[Gordon Clough]] and published in 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/abs/the-yawning-heights-by-alexander-zinoviev-translated-by-gordon-clough-new-york-random-house-1979-switzerland-editions-lage-dhomme-1976-829-pp-1500/FBDD5195326ADCC1432FB75C961B2946|doi = 10.2307/2496506|jstor = 2496506|title = The Yawning Heights. By Alexander Zinoviev. Translated by Gordon Clough. New York: Random House, 1979 [Switzerland: Editions l'Age d'Homme, 1976]. 829 pp. $15.00.|journal = Slavic Review|volume = 39|issue = 4|pages = 672–674|last1 = Brown|first1 = Edward J.|date = December 1980| s2cid=164558775 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1976 Russian novels]]
[[Category:Soviet novels]]
[[Category:Russian speculative fiction novels]]
{{1970s-specf-novel-stub}}' |
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{{Short description|Novel by Alexander Zinoviev}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Novel by Alexander Zinoviev</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236091366">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yawning_Heights" title="Special:EditPage/Yawning Heights">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yawning+Heights%22">"Yawning Heights"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yawning+Heights%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yawning+Heights%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yawning+Heights%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yawning+Heights%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yawning+Heights%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
<i><b>Yawning Heights</b></i> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Зияющие Высоты</span></span>, <small><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Ziyayushchiye Vysoty</i></span>) is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Debut_novel" title="Debut novel">first published novel</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> philosopher <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_Zinoviev" title="Alexander Zinoviev">Alexander Zinoviev</a>. Zinoviev chose to satirize and ridicule Soviet society in <i>Yawning Heights</i>, presented as the city / nation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ibansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibansk">Ibansk</a>. The novel has been compared to the writings of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, and others.
</p><p>Everyone in <i>Yawning Heights</i> is named Iban Ibanovich Ibanov, so each is instead referred to by a descriptive name, rather than their proper name. Some are recognizable. In the book, one of the characters writes a satirical novel critical of his society. The character knows that the Brothers (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>) are searching his house to find his controversial book. This represents the level of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafiction</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Satire"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Satire</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Title"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Title</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#English_translation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">English translation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satire">Satire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yawning_Heights&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Satire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>As a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logician</a>, Zinoviev was able to reduce many features of Soviet communism to what he calls "scientific laws". The book is also filled with numerous paradoxes and logical twists, <i>à la</i> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catch-22" title="Catch-22">Catch-22</a></i>. The book begins with a logically reflexive definition: a preface claims that the book details the result of an experiment. The preface identifies the purpose of the experiment: "to uncover those who disapprove of its implementation, and to take the appropriate measures".
</p><p>One satire in a late chapter is that, after conquering the whole world in the Great Ibanskian Kissoff, the leaders of Ibansk discover another nation, Sub-Ibansk, whose inhabitants live underground beneath Ibansk and subsist on the sewage generated by Ibansk.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yawning_Heights&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The title of the book is a pun on a cliche of Soviet ideological propaganda, describing communism as the "Shining heights". The words "yawning" and "shining" in Russian are identical, except for the first letter: a <i>Z</i> in the case of "yawning", and an <i>S</i> in the case of "shining".
</p><p>The "yawning" in the generally accepted translation of the Russian title does not refer to a "yawn" but rather to its meaning as in "yawning abyss". To capture the paradoxical nature of the Russian title, someone<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> suggested that a better translation would have been "abysmal heights" (the primary meaning of <i>abysmal</i> derives from <i>abyss</i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_translation">English translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yawning_Heights&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><i>Yawning Heights</i> was translated into English by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_Clough" title="Gordon Clough">Gordon Clough</a> and published in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Yawning_Heights&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown1980" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Edward J. (December 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/abs/the-yawning-heights-by-alexander-zinoviev-translated-by-gordon-clough-new-york-random-house-1979-switzerland-editions-lage-dhomme-1976-829-pp-1500/FBDD5195326ADCC1432FB75C961B2946">"The Yawning Heights. By Alexander Zinoviev. Translated by Gordon Clough. New York: Random House, 1979 [Switzerland: Editions l'Age d'Homme, 1976]. 829 pp. $15.00"</a>. <i>Slavic Review</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 672–674. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2496506">10.2307/2496506</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2496506">2496506</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164558775">164558775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavic+Review&rft.atitle=The+Yawning+Heights.+By+Alexander+Zinoviev.+Translated+by+Gordon+Clough.+New+York%3A+Random+House%2C+1979+%26%2391%3BSwitzerland%3A+Editions+l%27Age+d%27Homme%2C+1976%26%2393%3B.+829+pp.+%2415.00.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=672-674&rft.date=1980-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164558775%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2496506%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2496506&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fslavic-review%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fthe-yawning-heights-by-alexander-zinoviev-translated-by-gordon-clough-new-york-random-house-1979-switzerland-editions-lage-dhomme-1976-829-pp-1500%2FFBDD5195326ADCC1432FB75C961B2946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYawning+Heights" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1728564432' |