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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Collection of birds with the same common name}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common raven of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
A '''raven''' is gay
The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
The term ''raven'' originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)Raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Raven |encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. |year=1989 |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn= 0-19-861186-2 }}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem-x-proto|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raven |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |url
One [[collective noun]] for a group of ravens is "unkindness";<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipton |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ |title=An Exaltation of Larks |date=1991 |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |isbn=978-0-670-30044-0 |language=en}}</ref> in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0 |title=flock of ravens, unkindness of ravens, treachery of ravens, conspiracy of ravens |work=[[Google Books Ngram Viewer]] |access-date=2020-01-05 }}</ref>
==Extant species==
{{seealso|List of Corvus species}}
* ''Corvus albicollis'' – [[White-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''Corvus corax'' – [[Common raven]] (Northern Hemisphere)
* ''Corvus coronoides'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''Corvus crassirostris'' – [[Thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''Corvus mellori'' – [[Little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''Corvus rhipidurus'' – [[Fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''Corvus ruficollis'' – [[Brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
* ''Corvus tasmanicus'' – [[Forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
==Extinct species and morphs==
* †''Corvus moriorum'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''Corvus antipodum'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''Corvus corax varius'' morpha ''leucophaeus'' – [[Pied raven]] (extinct morph of common raven)
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Towerrabe.png|[[Common raven]]
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
File:2009-white-necked-raven.jpg|[[White-necked raven]]
File:Flickr - don macauley - Corvus crassirostris Cropped.jpg|[[Thick-billed raven]]
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]
[[Category:Bird common names]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Collection of birds with the same common name}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
[[File:3782 Common Raven in flight.jpg|thumb|right|Common raven of North America (''Corvus corax principalis'') in flight]]
A '''raven''' is gay
The largest raven species are the [[sigma raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
The term ''raven'' originally referred to the [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''), the [[type species]] of the genus ''Corvus'', which has a larger distribution than any other species of ''Corvus'', ranging over much of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The modern English word ''raven'' has cognates in all other [[Germanic languages]], including [[Old Norse]] (and subsequently [[Icelandic language|modern Icelandic]]) {{lang|non|hrafn}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for "raven".</ref> and [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|(h)Raban}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Raven |encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |editor=Simpson, J. |editor2=Weiner, E. |year=1989 |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn= 0-19-861186-2 }}</ref> all of which descend from [[Proto-Germanic]] {{lang|gem-x-proto|*hrabanaz}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raven |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |url
One [[collective noun]] for a group of ravens is "unkindness";<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipton |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVNazQEACAAJ |title=An Exaltation of Larks |date=1991 |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |isbn=978-0-670-30044-0 |language=en}}</ref> in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0 |title=flock of ravens, unkindness of ravens, treachery of ravens, conspiracy of ravens |work=[[Google Books Ngram Viewer]] |access-date=2020-01-05 }}</ref>
==Extant species==
{{seealso|List of Corvus species}}
* ''Corvus albicollis'' – [[White-necked raven]] (eastern and southern Africa)
* ''Corvus corax'' – [[Common raven]] (Northern Hemisphere)
* ''Corvus coronoides'' – [[Australian raven]] (Australia)
* ''Corvus crassirostris'' – [[Thick-billed raven]] (Horn of Africa)
* ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' – [[Chihuahuan raven]] (United States and Mexico)
* ''Corvus mellori'' – [[Little raven]] (southeastern Australia)
* ''Corvus rhipidurus'' – [[Fan-tailed raven]] (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
* ''Corvus ruficollis'' – [[Brown-necked raven]] (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
* ''Corvus tasmanicus'' – [[Forest raven]] (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
==Extinct species and morphs==
* †''Corvus moriorum'' – [[Chatham raven]]
* †''Corvus antipodum'' – [[New Zealand raven]]
* †''Corvus corax varius'' morpha ''leucophaeus'' – [[Pied raven]] (extinct morph of common raven)
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Towerrabe.png|[[Common raven]]
File:Corvus cryptoleucus Arizona 2.jpg|[[Chihuahuan raven]]
File:Fan-tailed raven.jpg|[[Fan-tailed raven]]
File:Australian Raven Sydney University.jpg|[[Australian raven]]
File:Ravaged Raven in Flight.jpg|A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
File:2009-white-necked-raven.jpg|[[White-necked raven]]
File:Flickr - don macauley - Corvus crassirostris Cropped.jpg|[[Thick-billed raven]]
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of ravens]]
* [[Ravens of the Tower of London]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ravens}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Raven}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae Raven videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven North American ravens] on eNature
{{Animal common name}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ravens| ]]
[[Category:Bird common names]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
A '''raven''' is gay
-The largest raven species are the [[common raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
+The largest raven species are the [[sigma raven]] and the [[thick-billed raven]]; these are also the largest passerine species.
==Etymology==
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collection of birds with the same common name</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raven_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Raven (disambiguation)">Raven (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/220px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/330px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg/440px-3782_Common_Raven_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2157" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>Common raven of North America (<i>Corvus corax principalis</i>) in flight</figcaption></figure>
<p>A <b>raven</b> is gay
</p><p>The largest raven species are the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sigma_raven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigma raven (page does not exist)">sigma raven</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">thick-billed raven</a>; these are also the largest passerine species.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Extant_species"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Extant species</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Extinct_species_and_morphs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Extinct species and morphs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The term <i>raven</i> originally referred to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a> (<i>Corvus corax</i>), the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of the genus <i>Corvus</i>, which has a larger distribution than any other species of <i>Corvus</i>, ranging over much of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>.
</p><p>The modern English word <i>raven</i> has cognates in all other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> (and subsequently <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">modern Icelandic</a>) <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hrafn</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">(h)Raban</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which descend from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem">hrabanaz</i></span>.<span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: A <code><ref></code> tag is missing the closing <code></ref></code> (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_included_ref" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref">help page</a>).</span> in practice, most people use the more generic "flock".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extant_species">Extant species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extant species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Corvus_species" title="List of Corvus species">List of Corvus species</a></div>
<ul><li><i>Corvus albicollis</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a> (eastern and southern Africa)</li>
<li><i>Corvus corax</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">Common raven</a> (Northern Hemisphere)</li>
<li><i>Corvus coronoides</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><i>Corvus crassirostris</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">Thick-billed raven</a> (Horn of Africa)</li>
<li><i>Corvus cryptoleucus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a> (United States and Mexico)</li>
<li><i>Corvus mellori</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_raven" title="Little raven">Little raven</a> (southeastern Australia)</li>
<li><i>Corvus rhipidurus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a> (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)</li>
<li><i>Corvus ruficollis</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brown-necked_raven" title="Brown-necked raven">Brown-necked raven</a> (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)</li>
<li><i>Corvus tasmanicus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_raven" title="Forest raven">Forest raven</a> (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extinct_species_and_morphs">Extinct species and morphs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Extinct species and morphs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li>†<i>Corvus moriorum</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham_raven" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham raven">Chatham raven</a></li>
<li>†<i>Corvus antipodum</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand_raven" title="New Zealand raven">New Zealand raven</a></li>
<li>†<i>Corvus corax varius</i> morpha <i>leucophaeus</i> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pied_raven" title="Pied raven">Pied raven</a> (extinct morph of common raven)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Towerrabe.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Common raven"><img alt="Common raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/175px-Towerrabe.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/262px-Towerrabe.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Towerrabe.png/349px-Towerrabe.png 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="3134" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">Common raven</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chihuahuan raven"><img alt="Chihuahuan raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/200px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/300px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg/400px-Corvus_cryptoleucus_Arizona_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chihuahuan_raven" title="Chihuahuan raven">Chihuahuan raven</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fan-tailed raven"><img alt="Fan-tailed raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/200px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/300px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Fan-tailed_raven.jpg/400px-Fan-tailed_raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fan-tailed_raven" title="Fan-tailed raven">Fan-tailed raven</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australian raven"><img alt="Australian raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/200px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/300px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg/400px-Australian_Raven_Sydney_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease."><img alt="A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/200px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/300px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg/400px-Ravaged_Raven_in_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2009-white-necked-raven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White-necked raven"><img alt="White-necked raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/200px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/300px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2009-white-necked-raven.jpg/400px-2009-white-necked-raven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1369" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White-necked_raven" title="White-necked raven">White-necked raven</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thick-billed raven"><img alt="Thick-billed raven" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/162px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/243px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg/324px-Flickr_-_don_macauley_-_Corvus_crassirostris_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2946" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thick-billed_raven" title="Thick-billed raven">Thick-billed raven</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_ravens" title="Cultural depictions of ravens">Cultural depictions of ravens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> entry for "raven".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimpson,_J.Weiner,_E.1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Raven". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2"><bdi>0-19-861186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raven&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-19-861186-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=flock+of+ravens,unkindness+of+ravens,treachery+of+ravens,conspiracy+of+ravens&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cflock%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%20of%20ravens%3B%2Cc0t1;,flock%20of%20ravens;,c0;.t1;,unkindness%20of%20ravens;,c0">"flock of ravens, unkindness of ravens, treachery of ravens, conspiracy of ravens"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Google_Books_Ngram_Viewer" title="Google Books Ngram Viewer">Google Books Ngram Viewer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Books+Ngram+Viewer&rft.atitle=flock+of+ravens%2C+unkindness+of+ravens%2C+treachery+of+ravens%2C+conspiracy+of+ravens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3Dflock%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cunkindness%2Bof%2Bravens%2Ctreachery%2Bof%2Bravens%2Cconspiracy%2Bof%2Bravens%26year_start%3D1900%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%253B%252Cc0t1%3B%2Cflock%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunkindness%2520of%2520ravens%3B%2Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaven" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raven&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ravens" class="extiw" title="q:Ravens">Ravens</a></b></i>.</div></div>
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Raven" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Raven">Raven</a></span>".</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/crows-corvidae">Raven videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229105854/http://enature.com/fieldguides/view_default.asp?allSpecies=y&searchText=raven">North American ravens</a> on eNature</li></ul>
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<div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Index of animals with the same common name</div>This page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> name). If an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Raven" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Raven">internal link</a> led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article.</div>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1090401/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85111576">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563241205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1729188170' |