Examine individual changes

'{{short description|Airliner by Tupolev}} <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox aircraft | name = Tu-204 / Tu-214 | image = File:Tupolev Tu-204-100 (RA-64047) - 1.jpg | caption = A [[Red Wings Airlines|Red Wings]] Tu-204-100 on final approach | more_users = [[Air Koryo]]<br />[[Cubana Airlines]]<br /> [[Aviastar-TU]]<!-- Limited to THREE (3) 'more users' here (4 total users). Separate users with <br />. --> | type = [[Narrow-body aircraft|Narrow-body]] [[jet airliner]] | national_origin = [[Soviet Union]]/[[Russia]] | design_group = [[Tupolev]] | manufacturer = [[Aviastar SP]] (Tu-204 series) <br /> [[Kazan Aircraft Production Association]] (Tu-214) <br /> [[United Aircraft Corporation]] (Tu-214) | first_flight = {{start date and age|1989|01|02|df=yes}} | introduction = 23 February 1996 with [[Vnukovo Airlines]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Exactly 10 years ago aircraft Tu-204 made first scheduled passenger flight - Знаменитости |url=https://persona.rin.ru/eng/news/5129/f/exactly-10-years-ago-aircraft-tu-204-made-first-scheduled-passenger-flight |work=persona.rin.ru}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2023}} | produced = 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://okbtupolev.blogspot.com/2012/06/aircraft-tu-204.html|title=✈ OKBTupolev ✈: Aircraft Tu-204|author=Алексей Усанов|access-date=31 December 2016|date=14 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722171222/http://okbtupolev.blogspot.com/2012/06/aircraft-tu-204.html|archive-date=22 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>–present | status = In service, in production | primary_user = [[Red Wings Airlines]] | number_built = 89 as of December 2015<ref name=Russplanes>{{cite web|title=Tu-204/214 Production list|url=https://russianplanes.net/planelist/Tupolev/Tu-204/214|publisher=RussianPlanes.net|access-date=31 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104204303/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Tupolev/Tu-204/214|archive-date=4 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | unit cost = $35 million (2007) | variants = }} The '''Tupolev Tu-204''' ({{langx|ru|Туполев Ту-204}}) is a [[Twinjet|twin-engined]] medium-[[Range (aircraft)|range]] [[Narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body]] [[jet airliner]] capable of carrying 210 passengers, designed by [[Tupolev]] and produced by [[Aviastar-SP]] and [[Kazan Aircraft Production Association]]. First introduced in 1989, it was intended to be broadly equivalent to the [[Boeing 757]], with slightly lower range and payload, and had competitive performance and [[fuel efficiency]] in its class. It was developed for [[Aeroflot]] as a replacement for the medium-range [[Tupolev Tu-154]] [[trijet]] in the 1990s. The latest version, with significant upgrades and improvements, is the narrow-body Tu-204SM, which made its [[maiden flight]] on 29 December 2010.<ref name="Tupolev.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/Russian/Show.asp?PubID=4150 |title=Новый опытный самолет Ту-204СМ совершил первый полет |publisher=Tupolev.ru |date=29 December 2010 |access-date=31 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104073855/http://www.tupolev.ru/Russian/Show.asp?PubID=4150 |archive-date=4 January 2011 }}</ref> In April 2022, United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) announced plans to assemble 70 Tu-214s by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/uac-to-manufacture-70-tu-214s-by-2030-1130048 |title=UAC to manufacture 70 Tu-214s by 2030 |publisher=Centreforaviation.com |date=2022-04-08 |accessdate=2022-05-02}}</ref> However, in 2024, Aeroflot expressed intention to transfer its order for domestic aircraft exclusively to next-gen [[MC-21]] jets. The rejection of the new Tupolev has various reasons, including no two-member cockpit, and about 13% of avionics and evacuation ramps, still needing to be replaced by Russian equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ato.ru/content/pochemu-aeroflot-hochet-poluchat-tolko-samolety-ms-21|title=Почему "Аэрофлот" хочет получать только самолеты МС-21|accessdate=2024-07-27}}</ref> ==Design and development== [[File:Cubana Tupolev TU-204E.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Cubana de Aviación|Cubana]] Tupolev 204E in 2007]] The Tu-204 was designed as a family of aircraft incorporating passenger, cargo, combi and quick-change variants. It is powered by either two [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]] or [[Rolls-Royce RB211]] engines. The Tu-204 is produced at two of the largest Russian aircraft manufacturing plants in [[Ulyanovsk]] (Tu-204 series) and [[Kazan]] (Tu-214).<ref name="airliners.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=377 |title=Tupolev Tu-204, Tu-214, Tu-224 & Tu-234 |publisher=Airliners.net |access-date=30 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910202432/http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=377 |archive-date=10 September 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Tu-204 cabin is available in several layouts, including the baseline single-class layout seating for 210 passengers and a two- or three-class layout designed for 164–193 passengers. A cargo version of the Tu-204 is being successfully operated by several airlines in Europe and [[Egypt]].<ref name="airliners.net"/> [[File:Air Koryo Tupolev Tu-204 aisle.jpg|thumb|Cabin of a Tupolev Tu-204]] Seating configuration is 3–3 in [[Economy class|economy]] and 2–2 in [[Business class]]. The business class cabin has a seat pitch of {{convert|810|mm|in|1}}. The passenger cabin can be divided into compartments according to class with removable bulkheads and curtains. Compartments are illuminated by reflected light. Overhead bins for passenger baggage and coats are of the closed type. The volume of baggage per passenger is {{convert|0.052|m3}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seatmaestro.com/airplanes-seat-maps/best_seats/Tupolev-Tu-204-100.html|title=Best seats Tupolev Tu 204 100|publisher=Seatmaestro.com|access-date=30 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005210539/http://www.seatmaestro.com/airplanes-seat-maps/best_seats/Tupolev-Tu-204-100.html|archive-date=5 October 2011}}</ref> In 1994, the first certificate for Tu-204 aircraft (with PS-90A engines) was issued. Subsequently, issued certificates have extended estimated operational conditions. The Tu-204-120 variant, certified with Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4 engines, complies with [[noise regulation]]s described in Chapter 3 of Supplement 16 to [[ICAO]], hence meeting all current European and ICAO requirements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/05/03/356180/tu-204sm-begins-airworthiness-certification-programme.html |title=Tu-204SM begins airworthiness certification programme |publisher=Flightglobal.com |access-date=30 September 2011}}</ref> The Tu-204-100 variant, certified with PS-90A engines, complies with noise regulations described in Chapter 4 of Supplement 16 to ICAO which means it is quieter. The aircraft was certified to Russian standards AP-25 (harmonized with FAR-25 and JAR-25).<ref>[[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (8 October 2008), [http://www.easa.eu.int/certification/type-certificates/docs/noise/EASA-TCDS-A.162_%28IM%29_Tupolev_TU_204--120CE-01-08102008.pdf Type Certificate Data Sheet for Noise], retrieved 29 December 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816233133/http://www.easa.eu.int/certification/type-certificates/docs/noise/EASA-TCDS-A.162_%28IM%29_Tupolev_TU_204--120CE-01-08102008.pdf |date=16 August 2011 }}</ref> ===Technology=== [[File:Tupolev Tu-214 cockpit.jpg|thumb|Cockpit of a Tu-214]] The Tu-204 is part of the same generation of Russian aircraft as the [[Ilyushin Il-96]]. The Tu-204 features technologies such as [[fly-by-wire]] control systems, a [[glass cockpit]], [[supercritical wing]]s with [[Wingtip device|winglets]], and is available with Russian or foreign avionics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.10950.08sc.thinkquest.nl/index.php/en/204 |title=Civil Aviation |publisher=10950.08sc.thinkquest.nl |date=2 January 1989 |access-date=30 September 2011}} {{dead link|date=September 2014}}</ref> The wings and tails are relatively resistant to ice build-up, and as such anti-icing systems are not equipped. Among today's airliners the Tu-204 is the only one which does not require wing anti-icing systems. During the test flight safety has been confirmed without the anti-icing system on the bearing surfaces and the aircraft obtained Russian and European certificates.{{sfn|Кощеев|Платонов|Храбров|2009|p=286}} ==Tu-204 variants== ===Tu-204/204C=== The '''Tu-204''' is the basic passenger airline model, and the '''Tu-204C''' is the basic freight or cargo model. The most-used models are the '''-100C''' and the '''-120C'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=185|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235725/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=185|url-status=dead|title=In Russian|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> ===Tu-204-100/200=== [[File:Tu-204C RA-64024 in full DHL colors 02-Dec-2010.jpg|thumb|A Tupolev Tu-204C operated for DHL by [[Aviastar-TU]] at [[Sheremetyevo International Airport]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]]] Certified in January 1995, this initial version is powered by Soloviev (now [[Aviadvigatel]]) [[Aviadvigatel PS90|PS90]] [[turbofan]]s with 157&nbsp;kN (35,300&nbsp;lbf) of thrust, and uses Russian avionics in addition to its Russian engines. The '''Tu-204-200''' is a heavier version with extra fuel for more range. Only one was built by [[Aviastar-SP]] in [[Ulyanovsk]] but has not yet been delivered (RA-64036). Now this version is only produced by [[Kazan Aircraft Production Association|KAPO]] in Kazan, marketed under the designation '''Tu-214'''. The '''Tu-204-100C''' and '''Tu-204-200C''' are cargo versions of the −100 and −200 respectively, fitted with a forward main deck freight door. Currently,{{when|date=November 2023}} the Tu-204-100/200 is offered with the option of an up-rated Aviadvigatel [[Aviadvigatel PS-90|PS90A2]] turbofan, which promises 40% more service between overhauls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=181 |title=PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-100 |publisher=Tupolev.ru |access-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235750/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=181 |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> The Tu-204-100's [[maximum take-off weight]] (MTOW) is 107.5 tonnes, and its range with 196 passengers in a two-class configuration is {{convert|6000|km|mi}}. ===Tu-204-120/220/120C/220C=== To broaden product appeal, the '''Tu-204-120/220''' offers non-Russian avionics and engines. It is powered by two [[Rolls-Royce RB211#RB211-535 series|Rolls-Royce RB211-535]] engines, ΛΕΛΕΛΕΛΕΛ ΞΗΕΠΙΟΗΞΕΟΗΚeach with thrust of 192&nbsp;kN (43,100&nbsp;lbf). Egypt's Cairo Aviation became the debut operator in November 1998 when it took delivery of a Tu-204-120 and its cargo version the '''Tu-204-120C''ΓΙ)ΕΞΟιοεξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξξτρυσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσσοπ'κτυκξποτδκξ'οπυτκξυποτξκτποκ'. The Tu-204-220 and '''Tu-204-220C''' cargo version, are a higher gross weight variants of the basic Tu-204-120.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=183 |title=PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-120C |publisher=Tupolev.ru |access-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235811/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=183 |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> The Tu-204-120 has a maximum takeoff weight of 103 metric tons and a range of {{convert|4600|km|nmi}} with 196 passengers in a two-class seating configuration. ===Tu-204-300=== [[File:RA-64040 Tupolev Tu.204-300 Vladivostok Avia (7976543916).jpg|thumb|[[Vladivostok Air]] Tu-204-300 at [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow Sheremetyevo]].]] A shortened, longer-range and more efficient derivative of the Tu-204, the Tu-204-300 is also known as Tu-234. About six meters (20&nbsp;ft) shorter than the basic Tu-204, this variant is available in two versions: the longer-ranged, heavier version, powered by [[Aviadvigatel PS-90|Aviadvigatel PS-90A2]] turbofans, has a maximum take-off weight of 107.5 metric tons and range (with 166 passengers) increased to {{convert|9300|km|nmi}}; and the lighter, shorter-ranged version, with a maximum take-off weight of 89 metric tons and range of {{convert|3500|km|nmi}} with 166 passengers. The former Russian airline [[Vladivostok Air]] was the debut customer. This airline's aircraft are in a two-class seating configuration, with a 142-passenger capacity. Average numbers of flight hours during each 24-hour period is 9.35 hours, for year 2009. It is also operated by [[Air Koryo]] which currently{{when|date=November 2023}} operates one Tu-204-100B and one Tu-204-300. The Тu-204s operate on the Pyongyang-Beijing, Bangkok, Vladivostok, Shenyang and Kuala Lumpur routes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=197 |title=PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-300 |publisher=Tupolev.ru |access-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235823/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=197 |archive-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> ===Tu-204-500=== This is a version of the Tu-204-300 optimized for shorter routes, featuring smaller wings and an increased cruising speed (to Mach 0.84), which makes it a competitor to the Next Generation [[Boeing 737]]. It is [[ETOPS/LROPS|ETOPS]] rated, and fitted with a [[Honeywell 331-200ER]] [[Auxiliary Power Unit|APU]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awesome80s.com/Awesome80s/Tech/Aviation/Aircraft/Tu-204.asp |title=Tupolev Tu-204 |publisher=Awesome80s.com |access-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928051343/http://www.awesome80s.com/Awesome80s/Tech/Aviation/Aircraft/Tu-204.asp |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> ===Tu-206=== [[File:Tupolev Tu-206.jpg|thumb|The planned experimental Tupolev Tu-206]] The Tu-206 is a company-funded concept aircraft that, if built, would be used as a [[testbed]] for alternative fuels, specifically [[liquefied natural gas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=82&Page=2 |title=PSC "Tupolev" – Cryogenic aircraft |publisher=Tupolev.ru |access-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126222743/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=82 |archive-date=26 November 2010 }}</ref> ===Tu-204SM=== [[File:Tupolev Tu-204SM demo flight, MAKS 2011.jpg|thumb|Tupolev Tu-204SM]] The Tu-204SM, alternatively Tu-204CM,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/aircraft/lineup/civil/tu-204sm/ |title=Tu-204СМ |access-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130154856/http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/aircraft/lineup/civil/tu-204sm/ |archive-date=30 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> a medium-range airliner, is an upgraded version of the Tu-204-100/300.<ref name="http">{{cite web |url=http://www.tupolev.ru/tu-204sm |title=Presentation booklet on the aircraft Tu-204SM |publisher=Tupolev.ru |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022205623/http://www.tupolev.ru/tu-204sm |archive-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Tupolev">{{cite web |url=http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2009/12/23/187669.html |title=Tupolev |publisher=aviaport.ru |access-date=23 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929014300/http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2009/12/23/187669.html |archive-date=29 September 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Tu-204SM will retain key design and aerodynamic features of the Tu-204-100/100E/100V series, there are numerous upgrades, largely aimed at meeting the current and near-future Russian and international standards, including those of [[ICAO]] and [[Eurocontrol]]. The new cockpit features allow the Tu-204SM to be flown by a two-pilot crew (as compared with the three-pilot arrangement of the original Tu-204 series). These features include a new computer (VSUPT-85-2040), a new [[flight management system]] (ASO-204/FMS), wide [[Liquid-crystal display|LCD displays]] (KSEIS-204E), [[head-up display|head-up displays (HUD)]], and an automated board system maintenance and diagnostic system. The [[electronic flight bag]] concept will be implemented and all controls and displays will be in English. The Tu-204SM will be powered by two [[PS-90]]A2 engines. The latter is significantly improved over the original [[PS-90]]A power plants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/news/index.php?q9=irkut&from4=6&id4=404 |title=First flight for PS-90A2 test-bed |publisher=uacrussia.ru |access-date=17 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003132142/http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/news/index.php?q9=irkut&from4=6&id4=404 |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref> and features a unified twin-spool turbofan with a high bypass ratio. The [[PS-90]]A2 is expected a life cycle cost saving of 35% over the original engine with a simultaneous increase in reliability in the 50 to 100% range. The [[PS-90]]A2 is designed to meet the Russian AP-33 aviation standard, which is harmonized with the US FAR Part 33 and the European JAR33. There will also be a new [[Auxiliary power unit|APU]] (TA-18 APU-200) and upgraded fuel management, hydraulic and fire safety systems. The updated passenger cabin accommodates a maximum of 210 passengers or 174 in a typical two-class layout. The upgrades include<ref name="http"/><ref name="Tupolev"/> new larger storage bins, multicolored [[LED lighting]], sound-absorbing structures and a modern [[In-flight entertainment|in-flight entertainment system (IFE)]]. The price for one Tu-204SM is estimated at [[USD]] 40–47 million.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} The first test flight of Tu-204SM was successfully carried out on 29 December 2010.<ref name="Tupolev.ru"/> First deliveries of Tu-204SM were originally planned for 2011.<ref name="Tupolev"/> As of December 2019, no Tu-204SM aircraft have been delivered and the project likely will never see fruition. ====Tu-204SM orders==== [[Red Wings Airlines]] was the first airline to order the Tu-204SM. Ilyushin Finance Co. (IFC) said it would complete negotiations with Red Wings for 44 Tu-204SM aircraft in February, to sign a firm order in March 2011. Red Wings already operates a fleet of Tu-204-100 and Tu-204-100V jetliners, to which it added one airframe in 2010.<ref name="ruaviation.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2011/1/20/118/print/ |title=Ilyushin Finance and Red Wings negotiate on 44 Tu-204SM |publisher=ruaviation.com |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317062449/http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2011/1/20/118/print/ |archive-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia's largest aircraft lessor, Ilyushin Finance, has previously placed Tu-204-100 aircraft with Cubana, Air Koryo and Red Wings, and Tu-204-300s with Vladivostok Avia and Air Koryo. Faced with low production rates for the Tu-204 models, Tupolev asked component providers to lower their prices in order to cut the plane's overall price by 27–30%. These suppliers agreed, on condition that 44 more firm orders be secured for the Tu-204SM through 2016. By January 2012 a firm order from Red Wings had not been signed, the stumbling blocks being requests for guarantees of the residual value of the airframes and after-sales support at a cost the same as an equivalent Airbus or Boeing model.<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/product-support-is-hurdle-to-tu-204sm-deal-lebedev-367192/|title=Product support is hurdle to Tu-204SM deal: Lebedev|publisher=flightglobal.com|date=20 January 2012|access-date=21 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309123418/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/product-support-is-hurdle-to-tu-204sm-deal-lebedev-367192/|archive-date=9 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> It was subsequently announced that Red Wings had cut back its initial commitment from 44 to 15 Tu-204SMs due to delays to the flight-test programme and after the lessor Ilyushin Finance reportedly "lost interest".<ref name="flightglobal.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/red-wings-weighs-a321-as-back-up-to-tu-204sm-369703/|title=Red Wings weighs A321 as back-up to Tu-204SM|publisher=flightglobal.com|date=20 March 2012|access-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416195918/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/red-wings-weighs-a321-as-back-up-to-tu-204sm-369703/|archive-date=16 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> A large order by [[Iran Air Tours]] is under threat because of sanctions against the Iranian economy, as the American company [[Pratt & Whitney]] has been involved in the development of the engine with the [[Perm Engine Company]]. Completing the sale by re-equipping the Tu-204SMs with the Tu-204's Russian-made PS-90A engines has been proposed.<ref name="rbcdaily">{{cite web|url=http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2010/04/15/industry/471843 |title=Американские санкции приземлили Ту-204СМ: Контракт на поставку самолетов в Иран оказался под вопросом :: РБК daily 15.04.2010 |publisher=Rbcdaily.ru |access-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724113457/http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2010/04/15/industry/471843 |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> At the Singapore Air Show in 2016 the Vice President of the Russian United Aircraft Corporation stated that every company that has ordered the Tu-204 has gone bankrupt so there were no outstanding orders for the Tu-204SM, and Tupolev has frozen development work on the aircraft and UAC would withdraw it from their list of aircraft prices as soon as the [[Irkut MC-21]] comes to the market.<ref name="UAC">{{Citation | newspaper = Flight Global | url = https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russias-united-aircraft-reaches-maturity-330688/ | title = Russia's United Aircraft | date = 11 August 2009 | access-date = 24 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160514125300/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russias-united-aircraft-reaches-maturity-330688/ | archive-date = 14 May 2016 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ==Tu-214 variants== [[File:KHA 8379-Enhanced-NR.jpg|thumb|A Tu-214 in [[United Aircraft Corporation]] livery.]] ===Tu-214=== The Tu-214 is also a variation of the Tu-204 first flown on 21 March 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oaokapo.ru/en/product/planes/tu-214.php |title=JSC "Kazan Aviation Production Association named after S.P.Gorbunov" &#124; Our products |publisher=Oaokapo.ru |access-date=16 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524143340/http://www.oaokapo.ru/en/product/planes/tu-214.php |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> It is technically a Tu-204-200, one of the differences being that it is built by a different factory. Planes designated Tu-204 are produced in [[Ulyanovsk]] by [[Aviastar-SP]]; Tu-214 in [[Kazan]] by the [[Kazan Aircraft Production Association]] (KAPO).<ref name=OfficialSite>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=200|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205124534/http://www.tupolev.ru/English/Show.asp?SectionID=200|url-status=dead|title=PSC "Tupolev" – MAKS 2005|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=KAPO>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/kapo.htm|title=Kazan Aircraft Production Association (KAPO) n.a. Gorbunov – Russian Defense Industry|author=John Pike|work=globalsecurity.org|access-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704140159/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/kapo.htm|archive-date=4 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Both factories are independent from the [[Tupolev]] design bureau and have some control over the design of the variant they produce. The main difference is a full-size main door at the left side of the fuselage just before the wing. The Tu-204 has two main doors and two emergency doors; the Tu-214 has three doors and one emergency door. The Tu-214 is essentially a higher gross weight variant of the Tu-204, being fitted with extra fuel tanks and structural adjustments to deal with the heavier gross weight. For this reason, the Russian government prefers to use it as the platform upon which all further modifications for the 'Special Mission' variants will be based. Some of the special mission variants are claimed to be capable of a non-stop 10,000-kilometre flight range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2012/11/13/1334/ |title=Rossiya special aircraft division will acquire five Russian-produced aircraft – News – Russian Aviation |publisher=Ruaviation.Com |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502141228/http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2012/11/13/1334/ |archive-date=2 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of July 2018, a total of three Tupolev Tu-214 aircraft were in [[airline]] service with [[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya]].<ref name=":0" /> In March 2022, CEO of Rostec [[Sergey Chemezov]] declared a possibility to relaunch big production of Tu-214 due to [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/ekonomika/14101455|title=Ростех изучит возможность возобновления серийного производства самолётов Ту-214 и Ил-96|language=ru|date=2022-03-17|publisher=[[Интерфакс]]}}</ref> On 6 April 2022, Yuri Slusar announced the [[United Aircraft Corporation]] (UAC) had already started production of 20 Tu-214s to replace Russia's fleet of Boeing and Airbus passenger aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/economy/1433359|title=UAC starts TU-214 airplane production — CEO|publisher=[[TASS]]|date=6 January 2022}}</ref> On 16 August 2022, [[United Aircraft Corporation]] announced plans to increase Tupolev Tu-214 production to at least 10 to 12 aircraft per year, with the aim to produce 70 Tupolev Tu-214 by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/ekonomika/15482135|title=Производство Ту-214 планируют нарастить как минимум до 10–12 самолетов в год|language=ru|date=16 August 2022|website=TASS}}</ref> The first Tu-214 for commercial flights will appear in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://airwaysmag.com/kapo-first-delivery-tu-214-2024/ |title=KAPO Expects First Delivery of Tupolev's Tu-214 in 2024 |author=Helwing Villamizar |date=27 November 2023 |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=AirwaysMag.com |publisher=Airways Publishing, LLC}}</ref> ====Tu-214ON==== [[File:Russian Air Force Tupolev Tu-214ON Zherdin 1.jpg|thumb|Russian Air Force Tu-214ON in flight]] The Tu-214ON is an observation version of the Tu-204-200, equipped for [[Treaty on Open Skies]] missions and built by [[Kazan Aircraft Production Association]]. [[Vega Radio Engineering Corporation]] was contracted for the development of airborne surveillance system, ground-based complex and other mission equipment for the aircraft. It is equipped with one A-84ON panoramic camera, one AK-111 topographic camera and two perspective AK-112 digital aerial cameras to capture high-resolution aerial photography.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tu-214ON (Open Skies) Reconnaissance Aircraft, Russia|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/tu-214on-open-skies-reconnaissance-aircraft/|work=AirForceTechnology|access-date=9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301221434/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/tu-214on-open-skies-reconnaissance-aircraft/|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Two video cameras, a Raduga infrared [[thermographic camera]] and Ronsard [[Side looking airborne radar]] are also fitted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2015/July%202015/0715russia.pdf|title=Russian Air Force Almanac 2015|publisher=Air Force Magazine|access-date=9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215232124/http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2015/July%202015/0715russia.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The first Tu-214ON (RA-64519) was demonstrated at the MAKS-2011 international air show in Moscow. It performed its first test flight on 1 June 2011, which was followed by a series of 24 flights by December 2011. The [[Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation]] conducted state tests to verify the air and ground equipment of the Tu-214ON aircraft in April 2013. The jet was delivered to the Russian Defence Ministry on 22 August 2013. The second airliner (RA-64525) made its first flight on 18 December 2013 and was delivered on 4 July 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Defence Ministry taking delivery of second Tu-214ON|url=http://en.take-off.ru/news/108-nov2012/916-defence-ministry-taking-delivery-of-second-tu-214on|publisher=Take Off|access-date=9 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216051202/http://en.take-off.ru/news/108-nov2012/916-defence-ministry-taking-delivery-of-second-tu-214on|archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref> The Tu-214ON is set to replace the [[Tupolev Tu-154]] and [[Antonov An-30]] aircraft in the role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/1022938|title=TASS: Military & Defense – US certifies Russian special-purpose jet as part of Open Skies Treaty|access-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205859/http://tass.com/defense/1022938|archive-date=26 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After Russia withdrew from the Treaty on Open Skies in 2021, the two Tu-214ON used for treaty observation missions have been used for military observation flights in [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cenciotti |first=David |date=2021-03-19 |title=With Moscow Leaving Open Skies Treaty, Russia's Tu-214ON Flies New Domestic Observation Mission Around Crimea |url=https://theaviationist.com/2021/03/19/with-moscow-leaving-open-skies-treaty-russias-tu-214on-flies-new-domestic-observation-mission-around-crimea/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=The Aviationist |language=en-US}}</ref> ====Tu-214PU==== Airborne command post version. Six operated for the Russian President.<ref name="aimay12 p13">{{cite magazine|last=Mladenov|first=Alexander|title=Tu-214SUS Delivery Expected in 2012|magazine=[[Air International]]|date=May 2012|volume= 82|issue= 5|page=13|issn=0306-5634}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Karnozov|first=Vladimir|title=Russian president takes first flight in new Tu-214PU|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-president-takes-first-flight-in-new-tu-214pu-349498/|access-date=30 April 2012|date=10 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217084040/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-president-takes-first-flight-in-new-tu-214pu-349498/|archive-date=17 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uacrussia.ru/ru/press-center/news/oak-peredala-zakazchiku-dva-samolyeta-tu-214 |title=ОАК :: ОАК передала заказчику два самолёта Ту-214 |publisher=Uacrussia.ru |date= |accessdate=2022-05-02}}</ref> [[File:Tupolev Tu-214PU, Rossiya Airlines JP7586552.jpg|thumb|A Tu-214PU in Rossiya Special Flight Unit livery.]] ====Tu-214SR<span class="anchor" id="Tu-214SR"></span>==== Communications relay version. Five operated by [[Special Flight Unit Rossiya]] for the Russian government.<ref name="aimay12 p13"/><ref>{{cite web|title=PICTURE: Russian special aviation squad adds Tu-214SRs|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-russian-special-aviation-squad-adds-tu-214srs-327401/|work=Flightglobal|access-date=30 April 2012|date=4 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502132554/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-russian-special-aviation-squad-adds-tu-214srs-327401/|archive-date=2 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aimar12 p9">{{cite magazine|last=Mladenov|first=Alexander|title=Three more Tu-214SRs for GTK Rossia|magazine=[[Air International]]|date=March 2012|volume= 82|issue= 3|page=9}}</ref><ref name="vpk-news.ru">{{cite web|url=http://vpk-news.ru/news/34814|title=Два самолета спецназначения Ту-214ПУ-СБУС будут построены до конца года – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|website=vpk-news.ru|access-date=21 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122151508/http://vpk-news.ru/news/34814|archive-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Tu-214SUS==== Communications relay version for the Russian President. Two delivered.<ref name="aimay12 p13"/><ref name="vpk-news.ru"/> ====Tu-214R==== Special-mission versions of the Tu-214 commercial transport aircraft, developed under the codename 'Project 141', to replace the [[Ilyushin Il-18|Il-20]] [[ELINT]] platform. The aircraft are configured to carry the MRC-411 multi-intelligence payload, to include electronic intelligence (ELINT) sensors, side-looking [[Synthetic Aperture Radar]] (SAR) and other Signals Intelligence ([[SIGINT]]). In addition, the aircraft will carry multi-spectral electro-optical systems.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eshel |first=Tamir |url=http://defense-update.com/20120603_fielding-of-russian-special-mission-aircraft-delayed-until-2013-2014.html |title=Fielding of Russian Special-Mission Aircraft Delayed Until 2013–2014 &#124; Defense Update – Military Technology & Defense News |publisher=Defense Update |date=3 June 2012 |access-date=13 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111230407/http://defense-update.com/20120603_fielding-of-russian-special-mission-aircraft-delayed-until-2013-2014.html |archive-date=11 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The aircraft has conducted test flights over the [[Sea of Japan]] but the programme experienced problems in January 2013. (Jane's Defence Weekly 16 January 2013)[[File:Tupolev Tu-214R inflight.jpg|thumb|Tu-214R in flight from [[Borisoglebskoye airfield]] (2014)]]The Tu-214R made its public debut in August 2013 at Moscow Air Show MAKS and was heralded as a platform for conducting surveillance of the U.S., in accordance with the [[Treaty on Open Skies]], to monitor compliance with the relevant treaties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military-informant.com/index.php/airforce/3446-1.html|title=На МАКС 2013 впервые публично покажут один из самых секретных самолетов России Ту-214Р|work=military-informant.com|access-date=25 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212234018/http://www.military-informant.com/index.php/airforce/3446-1.html|archive-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rostec.ru/en/news/4226|title=The Russian Air Force will receive another Tu-214 Open Skies Plane|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213014809/http://rostec.ru/en/news/4226|archive-date=13 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As of January 2015, two were conducting test flights with the [[Russian Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://airheadsfly.com/2014/11/01/tupolev-completes-test-flights-2nd-tu-204r-spy-plane/|title = Tupolev completes test flights 2nd tu-204r spy plane|date = 1 November 2014|access-date = 12 January 2015|website = AIRheads FLY|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150117125034/http://airheadsfly.com/2014/11/01/tupolev-completes-test-flights-2nd-tu-204r-spy-plane/|archive-date = 17 January 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In February 2016, Russia was reported to have deployed one Tu-214R to [[Khmeimim airbase|its base]] in [[Latakia]], [[Syria]].<ref>[http://newsru.com/world/16feb2016/tu214p.html Аналитики обнаружили в Сирии секретный российский самолет-разведчик] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217093247/http://www.newsru.com/world/16feb2016/tu214p.html |date=17 February 2016 }} NEWSru, 16 February 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theaviationist.com/2016/02/15/tu214r-deployed-to-syria/|title=Russia has just deployed its most advanced spyplane to Syria|date=15 February 2016|access-date=16 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623163528/https://theaviationist.com/2016/02/15/tu214r-deployed-to-syria/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2016, two flights have been reported to have been conducted near the Latvian, Estonian and Finnish borders, with the plane (registry reported as RA-64514) conducting close approaches a few dozen kilometers of the Finnish border on 5 and 7 July.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.is.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000001217865.html|title=Tältä ei niin vain piiloudutakaan – Venäjän uusi supervakoilukone skannasi koko Suomen itärajan kahteen kertaan|date=11 July 2016|newspaper=Iltasanomat|language=fi|trans-title=One does not simply hide from this – Russia's new spy plane conducts two scans of the entire Finnish east border}}</ref> After Syria operation, the aircraft was declared combat-ready. One plane was reportedly used against Ukraine in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/0926/093569641/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / Россия применила для вскрытия украинских военных объектов разведчик Ту-214Р }}</ref> ====Tu-214PU-SBUS==== Special-purpose aircraft-control point equipped with a special onboard communication unit SBUS-214 intended for the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Ministry of Defence of Russia]]. The aircraft is built with Russian-made components only, meeting the requirements of the state customers, and has a range of at least {{convert|7200|km|abbr=on}}. The main purpose of the aircraft is to provide additional communication capabilities to the user.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/81309/russia-receives-second-tu-214pu-sbus-airborne-command-and-control-post|title=Russia receives second Tu-214PU-SBUS airborne command-and-control post|website=[[Jane's Information Group]]|date=25 June 2018|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192912/http://www.janes.com/article/81309/russia-receives-second-tu-214pu-sbus-airborne-command-and-control-post|archive-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Russian MoD placed an order for two aircraft in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/2900492.html |title=Построен первый самолет Ту-214ПУ-СБУС для Министерства обороны России |publisher=bmpd.livejournal.com |date=18 October 2017 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022130207/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2900492.html |archive-date=22 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first aircraft was delivered in March 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3145203.html|title=Министерство обороны России получило первый самолет Ту-214ПУ-СБУС|website=bmpd.livejournal.com|date=3 April 2018|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> the second in June the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/june/4340-russia-receives-second-tu-214pu-sbus-special-purpose-aircraft.html|title=Russia receives second Tu-214PU-SBUS special-purpose aircraft|website=www.airrecognition.com|date=21 June 2018|access-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810095751/http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/june/4340-russia-receives-second-tu-214pu-sbus-special-purpose-aircraft.html|archive-date=10 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Tu-214LMK==== A flying laboratory based on a serial Tu-214 passenger plane (registration number RA-64507) equipped with a multifunctional flight complex LMK-214. The aircraft is intended for in-flight testing of a new radar complex and other on-board aviation equipment for the modernized [[Tu-160#Variants|Tupolev Tu-160M2]] and the future [[Tupolev PAK DA]] strategic bombers. It began flight testing on 29 December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3484363.html|title=Начаты летные испытания летающей лаборатории Ту-214ЛМК|website=bmpd.livejournal.com|date=5 January 2018|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref> ==Operators== {{Update section|date=April 2023}} [[File:Air Koryo Tupolev Tu-204 P-632 1.jpg|thumb|[[Air Koryo]] Tupolev Tu-204 P-632]] [[File:Business Aero Tupolev Tu-204-300A bizjet Matevosyan.jpg|thumb|This Tu-204-300A is the first Tu-204 to be converted into a VIP configuration. [[Business Aero]] operates this aircraft for [[VTB]].]] [[File:Tu-204-100C RA-64052 (34409077912).jpg|thumb|right|A [[Russian Post]] Tu-204-100C operated by [[Aviastar-TU]]]] As of July 2018, there are 14 aircraft in commercial service.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24536|title=World Airline Census 2018|website=Flightglobal.com|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106212640/https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24536|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> Total users as of August 2024 include:{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Airline ! Aircraft type ! In <br> service ! On <br> order ! Stored |- | {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Air China Cargo]] || Tu-204-120CE || - || 2 || 1 |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|North Korea}} [[Air Koryo]]|| Tu-204-100 || 1 || - || - |- |Tu-204-300 || 1 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Aviastar-TU]]|| Tu-204-100C || 1 || - || 1 |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Aviastar-SP|Aviastar-TU Co. Ltd]]|| Tu-204 || 4 || 2 || 4 |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Business Aero]] (for [[VTB]]) || Tu-204-300A || 1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russianplanes.net/EN/REGISTA/159|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724062724/http://russianplanes.net/EN/REGISTA/159|url-status=dead|title=Business Aero|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref>|| - || - |- | {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cubana de Aviación]] || Tu-204-100E || 3 || - || 1 |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kosmos Airlines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/79462-russias-kosmos-airlines-adds-first-tu-204|website=ch-aviation.com|title=Russia's Kosmos Airlines adds first Tu-204 |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>|| Tu-204-100 || 1 || - || - |- |rowspan="2"| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Red Wings Airlines]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Red Wings сообщила о начале полетов на Ту-214 |url=https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/505518-red-wings-soobsila-o-nacale-poletov-na-tu-214 |access-date=6 February 2024 |work=Forbes.ru |date=2 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Red Wings получила еще один восстановленный самолет семейства Ту-204/214 |url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/951500 |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=Интерфакс |date=20 March 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> || Tu-204-100 || 2 || - || 2 |- |Tu-214 || - || - || 1 |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Roscosmos]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-space-agency-revamps-fleet-with-tu-204-458018/|website=flightglobal.com|title=PICTURES: Space agency revamps fleet with Tu-204|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>|| Tu-204-300 || 2 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[RusJet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.rusjet.aero/aircraft/7/Sukhoi-SuperJet-100-95-VIP.html|website=en.rusjet.aero|title=Tu-204 – Авиакомпания РусДжет|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629080659/https://en.rusjet.aero/aircraft/7/Sukhoi-SuperJet-100-95-VIP.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| Tu-204-100B || 1 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russair]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/63867-rusjet-russair-add-maiden-tu-204s|website=ch-aviation.com|title=RusJet, Russair add maiden Tu-204s|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>|| Tu-204-100E || 1 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/26019/waf/|title= World Air Forces 2019|website=flightglobal.com|access-date=29 August 2019}}</ref>|| Tu-214 || 2 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian Post]]|| Tu-204-100C || 2<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tupolev.ru/tu-204-100s-pochta-rossii|title=Почта России приступила к эксплуатации двух грузовых самолетов Ту-204-100С – Туполев|website=tupolev.ru|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213204159/http://www.tupolev.ru/tu-204-100s-pochta-rossii|archive-date=13 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| - || - |- |rowspan="4"|{{flagicon|Russia}} Special Flight Squadron "Rossiya"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2010/06/02/196200.html |title="Авиастар-СП" планирует до 2014 г. поставить администрации президента РA 6 самолетов Ту-204-300 // АвиаПорт.Дайджест |publisher=Aviaport.ru |access-date=13 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013653/http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2010/06/02/196200.html |archive-date=29 September 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| Tu-204-300 || 3 || - || - |- |Tu-214 || 4 || - || - |- |Tu-214SR || 5 || - || - |- |Tu-214PU || 4 || - || - |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[UVT Aero]]|| Tu-214 || - || 2<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jin |first1=Jin |title=Нужно больше Ту-214. Такие самолёты получат другие авиакомпании, включая «ЮВТ Аэро» |url=https://www.ixbt.com/news/2024/02/06/nuzhno-bolshe-tu214-takie-samoljoty-poluchat-drugie-aviakompanii-vkljuchaja-juvt-ajero.html |access-date=6 February 2024 |work=iXBT.com |date=6 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> || - |- |} As is common with post-Soviet Russian aircraft, the Tupolev is a relatively rare aircraft, with only 86 examples being built as of December 2019. However, because of the 2022 sanctions, Russia aims to build at least 10 jets per year to replace its fleets.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30702-russia-starts-production-of-twenty-tu-214-aircraft | title=Russia starts production of 20 Tu-214 aircraft | date=7 April 2022 }}</ref> ===Former operators=== [[File:Tupolev Tu-204 Paris 1991.jpg|thumb|[[Aeroflot|Aeroflot's]] previously operated Tupolev Tu-204 at the Paris Airshow]] [[File:Tupolev Tu-204-100, Siberia Airlines AN0098493.jpg|thumb|[[S7 Airlines]] ([[S7 Airlines|Siberia Airlines]]) previously operated this Tupolev Tu-204.]] [[File:Tupolev Tu-204-120 Cairo Aviation landing at Vnukovo.jpg|thumb|A Cairo Aviation Tupolev Tu-204 landing at [[Vnukovo International Airport]], [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] in 2009.]] [[File:RA-64512 Tupolev Tu.214 Dalavia (7392711354).jpg|thumb|[[Dalavia]] operated this Tupolev Tu-214.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Airline ! Aircraft <br> type ! Year <br> retired ! Notes |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Aeroflot]] || Tu-204-100C || 2001 || Given to other airlines including [[Vnukovo Airlines]]. |- |{{Flagicon|China}} [[Cainiao]] || Tu-204-100C || 2022 ||Operated by [[Aviastar-TU]]. <br> Aircraft destroyed by fire at [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport|Hangzhou]] and [[Hull loss|written off]]. |- |{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo Aviation]] ||Tu-204-120/120C || 2018 || Went bankrupt in 2018. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Dalavia]] || Tu-214 || 2009 || Went bankrupt in 2009. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kavminvodyavia]] || Tu-204-100 || 2011 || Went bankrupt in 2011. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kras Air]] || Tu-214 || 2008 || Went bankrupt in 2008. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Rossiya Airlines]] || Tu-204-100 || 2014 || Aircraft stored inactive. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[S7 Airlines]] || Tu-204-100 || 2005 || Acquired after the bankruptcy of [[Vnukovo Airlines]]. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Transaero]] || Tu-214 || 2015 || Launch customer of that type. <br /> Ceased operations in 2015. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladivostok Avia]] || Tu-204-300 || 2013 || Launch customer of type. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vnukovo Airlines]] || Tu-204-100 || 2001 || Launch customer. Went bankrupt in 2001. |} ===Cancelled orders=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Airline ! Aircraft type ! Notes |- | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Blue Wings]] || Tu-204-100/204SM ||Planned to acquire some from parent airline [[Red Wings Airlines]]. <br /> Went bankrupt in 2010. |- | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Omskavia]] || Tu-204-100 || Went bankrupt in 2008. |- |} ==Production by year== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! 1989 ! 1990 ! 1991 ! 1992 ! 1993 ! 1994 ! 1995 ! 1996 ! 1997 ! 1998 ! 1999 ! 2000 ! 2001 ! 2002 ! 2003 ! 2004 ! 2005 |- | '''Produced''' || 1 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 2|| 4 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 2 || 3 |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! 2006 ! 2007 ! 2008 !2009 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !2022 |- | '''Produced''' || 4 || 2 || 10 || 6 || 4 || 6 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 |} Sources: russianplanes.net,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://russianplanes.net/planelist/Tupolev/Tu-204/214|title=Tupolev Tu-204/214 register |access-date=29 October 2023}}</ref> ==Specifications== {| style="text-align: center" class="wikitable" |+ Tupolev Tu-204 specifications<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/models/civil/tu_204_214/performance/|title=UAC :: Performance|access-date=26 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018220900/http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/models/civil/tu_204_214/performance/|archive-date=18 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation|title=Civil aviation|access-date=26 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212065111/http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation|archive-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="uacrussia">{{cite web|url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/news/index.php?id4=636|title=United Aircraft Corporation Website|publisher=uacrussia.ru|access-date=29 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003132330/http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/news/index.php?id4=636|archive-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> ! !204-100 / 204-120 !214 !204–300 !204SM |- ! Cockpit crew | colspan=3 | Three || Two |- ! Seating | 172–210 | 180–210 | 142–156 | 176–215 |- ! Seat pitch | 32–47 in | 32–39 in | 32–46 in | 32–38 in |- ! Length | colspan=2 | {{cvt|46.14|m|ftin}} | {{cvt|40.19|m|ftin}} | {{cvt|46.14|m|ftin}} |- ! Wing | colspan=4 | {{cvt|41.8|m|ftin}} span, {{cvt|184.2|m2|sqft}} area |- ! Height | colspan=4 | {{cvt|13.9|m|ftin}} |- ! Fuselage | colspan=4 | {{cvt|3.8|m|ftin}} width x {{cvt|4.1|m|ftin}} height |- ! Cabin | colspan=4 | {{cvt|3.57|m|ftin}} width x {{cvt|2.16|m|ftin}} height |- ! [[MTOW]] | -100: {{cvt|105|t|lb}}<br />-120: {{cvt|103|t|lb}} | {{cvt|110.75|t|lb}} | {{cvt|107|t|lb}} | {{cvt|108|t|lb}} |- ! Max. payload | {{cvt|21.0|t|lb}} | {{cvt|25.2|t|lb}} | {{cvt|18.0|t|lb}} | {{cvt|23.0|t|lb}} |- ! Fuel capacity | {{cvt|35.7|t|lb}} | {{cvt|35.7|t|lb}} | {{cvt|36.0|t|lb}} | {{cvt|35.8|t|lb}} |- ! Engine (x 2) | -100: [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]]A<br />-120: [[Rolls-Royce RB211]]-535E4B | colspan=2 | [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]]A or <br />[[Rolls-Royce RB211]]-535E4B | [[Aviadvigatel PS-90#PS-90A2|Aviadvigatel PS-90A2]] |- ! Thrust (x 2) | -100: 157&nbsp;kN (35,274&nbsp;lbf)<br />-120: 186&nbsp;kN (41,888&nbsp;lbf) | colspan=2 | 158.2&nbsp;kN (35,582&nbsp;lbf) | 171.6&nbsp;kN (38,581&nbsp;lbf) |- ! Speed | colspan=4 | {{cvt|810|to|850|km/h|kn}} Cruise, {{cvt|900|km/h|kn}} Max |- ! Range (Max PL) | -100: {{cvt|4300|km}}<br />-120: {{cvt|4100|km}} | {{cvt|4340|km}} | {{cvt|5800|km}} | {{cvt|4800|km}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ruaviation.com/docs/3/2014/4/21/81/ | title=What is Tu-204SM? - RUSSIAN AVIATION }}</ref> |- ! Takeoff (MTOW) | {{cvt|1780|m|ft}} | {{cvt|2030|m|ft}} | {{cvt|1870|m|ft}} | {{cvt|1950|m|ft}} |- ! Ceiling | colspan=3 | {{cvt|12100|m}} | {{cvt|12200|m}} |} == Accidents and incidents == * On 14 January 2002, [[Siberia Airlines Flight 852]], a Tupolev Tu-204-100 (RA-64011), experienced a flameout of both engines, glided and overran the runway at [[Omsk Tsentralny Airport|Omsk Airport]] and sustained minor damage, but was repaired and returned to service. The aircraft was later [[Aviastar-TU Flight 1906|written off in a 2010 accident]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-204-100 RA-64011 Omsk Airport (OMS)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020114-2|access-date=2022-01-08|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> *On 22 March 2010, [[Aviastar-TU Flight 1906]], the same aircraft involved in the Siberia Airlines Flight 852 incident, crash-landed short of the runway near [[Moscow Domodedovo Airport]] while attempting to land at night in fog and poor visibility. There were no fatalities, but four of the eight crew members were seriously injured. It was a repositioning flight with no passengers on board. In September 2010, the [[Interstate Aviation Committee|МАК]] released their final report into the accident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4290127e|title=Accident: Aviastar-TU T204 at Moscow on Mar 22nd 2010, landed short of runway|date=20 September 2010|access-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162035/http://avherald.com/h?article=4290127e|archive-date=19 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The cause of the accident was attributed to pilot error, with a number of factors contributing to the accident including inadequate crew training and lack of cockpit resource management, failure of autoflight systems and serious regulatory violations by Aviastar-TU. This accident was the first hull-loss of the Tu-204. * On 29 December 2012 at 16:35 local time (12:35 GMT), [[Red Wings Airlines Flight 9268]] crashed on landing after overrunning runway 19 at Moscow [[Vnukovo International Airport]] (VKO) following a non-revenue repositioning flight originating from [[Pardubice Airport]], Czech Republic. The aircraft collided with an elevated highway, which launched debris at moving cars. It came to a stop {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} past the runway's end. There were eight crew members on board of whom five were killed and the other four seriously injured.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev 204-100V RA-64047 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121229-0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101045119/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121229-0|archive-date=1 January 2013|access-date=29 December 2012|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Agencies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/29/russian-passenger-jet-crashes-moscow-vnukovo |title=Russian passenger jet crashes at Moscow's Vnukovo airport |newspaper=Guardian |date=29 December 2012 |access-date=29 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928232548/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/29/russian-passenger-jet-crashes-moscow-vnukovo |archive-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Apart from those, one person who was driving his car on the highway was seriously injured from the nose wheel that flew across the highway. The driver behind him recorded the impact on camera. The fatal Vnukovo accident was the second runway overrun incident involving a Red Wings operated Tu-204 in nine days following a Moscow Vnukovo to [[Novosibirsk]] flight on 20 December 2012 that overran runway 25 at [[Tolmachevo Airport]] by {{convert|1150|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} into an open field.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=151372|title=ASN Aircraft accident 20-DEC-2012 Tupolev Tu-204-100V RA-64049|publisher=Aviation-safety.net|date=20 December 2012|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926000238/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=151372|archive-date=26 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Flight data recorder readouts indicate that brake failure as well as engine thrust reverser issues were major contributing causes in both overruns resulting in the issuance of additional airworthiness directives.<ref>Hradecky, Simon [http://avherald.com/h?article=45b4b3cb&opt=0 "Accident: Red Wings T204 at Moscow on December 29th 2012, overran runway on landing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181030/http://www.avherald.com/h?article=45b4b3cb&opt=0 |date=23 September 2015 }} ''The Aviation Herald'', 29 December 2012. (updated 31 December 2012).</ref><ref>Hradecky, Simon [http://avherald.com/h?article=45ad34b5&opt=0 "Incident: Red Wings T204 at Novosibirsk on December 20th 2012, runway excursion on landing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019162035/http://avherald.com/h?article=45ad34b5&opt=0 |date=19 October 2015 }} ''The Aviation Herald'' 20 December 2012 (updated 30 December 2012)</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/bad-brakes-cited-in-moscow-crash-landing-311397 ''Bad brakes cited in Moscow crash landing''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102115612/http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/bad-brakes-cited-in-moscow-crash-landing-311397 |date=2 January 2013 }} Agence France-Presse (via NDTV.com) 30 December 2012</ref><ref>Kaminski-Morrow, David [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/tu-204-directive-warns-pilots-to-check-thrust-reverse-status-380606/ "Tu-204 directive warns pilots to check thrust-reverse status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105030041/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/tu-204-directive-warns-pilots-to-check-thrust-reverse-status-380606/ |date=5 January 2013 }} Flightglobal.com, 2 January 2013</ref> This accident remains the sole fatal accident involving the Tu-204. *On 24 August 2016, [[Aviastar-TU]] Flight 9625, a Tu-204S (RA-64021), was written off after landing hard at Norilsk Airport when it bounced on landing; when the aircraft taxied to its parking position, severe damage was found on the rear spar of the wing.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20160824-0|title=RA-64021}}</ref> *On 22 August 2018, one of the [[Aviadvigatel PS-90]] engines on [[Red Wings Airlines|Red Wings]] Flight 808, a Tu-204-100 (RA-64050), from [[Ufa]] to [[Sochi]] experienced an engine surge during takeoff from [[Ufa International Airport]] and subsequently caught fire. The crew did not receive any fire indications, the automatic fire suppression system did not work, and the manual fire suppression failed to fully extinguish the flames. Emergency services had put out the fire after landing while the passengers were safely evacuated through the right hand (emergency) doors via slides. There were no injuries. A [[Rosaviatsia]] (Russia's Civil Aviation Authority) commission was set up to investigate the occurrence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4bcae06f&opt=0|title=Incident: Red Wings T204 at Ufa on Aug 22nd 2018, engine fire|website=avherald.com|access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> *On 8 January 2022, Aviastar-TU Flight 6534, operating for [[Cainiao]], a Chinese marketing program ran by Allibaba, had severely burned out following a cargo fire due to overheating lithium batteries. The aircraft was about to taxi, but the fire then started. This happened at [[Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport]]. The aircraft was undergoing a cargo service from Hangzhou to Novosibirsk.<ref name="ASN080122">{{cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-204-100C RA-64032 Hangzhou-Xiaoshan International Airport (HGH)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220108-0|access-date=8 January 2022|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> Luckily, there were no fatalities. ==See also== {{Portal|Russia|Soviet Union|Aviation}} * [[Aircraft industry of Russia]] {{aircontent |related= * [[Tupolev Tu-154]] * [[Tupolev Tu-334]] |similar aircraft= * [[Airbus A321]] * [[Boeing 737-900ER]] * [[Boeing 757]] * [[McDonnell Douglas MD-90]] |lists= * [[List of jet airliners]] |see also= }} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Flight International]] |title=Tupolev's new twin |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%201442.html |given=Alan |surname=Postlethwaite |date=20 May 1989 |pages=44–46 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last1=Кощеев |first1=А. Б. |last2=Платонов |first2=А. А. |last3=Храбров |first3=А. В. |script-title=ru:Аэродинамика самолётов семейства Ту-204/214. Учебное пособие |trans-title=Aerodynamics of aircraft of the Tu-204/214 family. Tutorial |location=Moscow |publisher=Poligon-Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-5-98734-019-6}} ==External links== {{external media |topic = on [[Zvezda live13.0]] Official YouTube Channel{{in lang|ru}} |video1 = {{YouTube|IqQq9QK460w|Military acceptance. Tu-214. Airplane for the President.|}} }} * {{Commons category-inline}} {{Tupolev aircraft}} [[Category:Tupolev aircraft|Tu-0204]] [[Category:1980s Soviet airliners]] [[Category:Twinjets]] [[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1989]] [[Category:Soviet and Russian military reconnaissance aircraft]]'