Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|County in New York, United States}} {{Distinguish|Livingston, New York}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox U.S. county | county = Livingston County | type = [[List of counties in New York|County]] | state = New York | seal = Seal of Livingston County, New York.jpg | flag = Flag of Livingston County, New York.gif | founded = 1821 | seat = [[Geneseo (village), New York|Geneseo]] | largest city = Geneseo | city type = village | area_total_sq_mi = 640 | area_land_sq_mi = 632 | area_water_sq_mi = 8.5 | area percentage = 1.3 | census yr = 2020 | pop = 61834<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Population%20Total&g=0400000US36%240500000&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29|access-date=January 2, 2022|title=US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> | density_sq_mi = 97.9 | web = https://www.livingstoncounty.us/ | ex image = Livingston County Courthouse.jpg | ex image cap = [[Livingston County Courthouse (New York)|Livingston County Courthouse]] | district = 24th | time zone = Eastern | named for = [[Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)|Robert R. Livingston]] }} '''Livingston County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the U.S. state of [[New York (state)|New York]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 61,834.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Livingston County, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/livingstoncountynewyork/PST120221|access-date=January 2, 2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Geneseo (village), New York|Geneseo]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> The county is named after [[Robert Livingston (1746-1813)|Robert R. Livingston]], who [[Committee of Five|helped draft]] the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and negotiated the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. The county is part of the [[Finger Lakes]] region of the state. Livingston County is part of the [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] [[Rochester, New York metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. ==History== On February 23, 1821, Livingston County, New York was formed from [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario]] and [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee Counties]]. The twelve original towns were: [[Avon, New York|Avon]], [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]], [[Conesus, New York|Conesus]], [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]] (county seat), [[Groveland, New York|Groveland]], [[Leicester, New York|Leicester]], [[Lima, New York|Lima]], [[Livonia, New York|Livonia]], [[Mount Morris, New York|Mount Morris]], [[Sparta, New York|Sparta]], [[Springwater, New York|Springwater]], and [[York, New York|York]]. Part of [[North Dansville, New York|North Dansville]] was annexed from [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]] in 1822 and became a separate town when Sparta was divided in 1846. At the same time, the town of [[West Sparta, New York|West Sparta]] was also formed from Sparta. The towns of [[Nunda, New York|Nunda]] and [[Portage, New York|Portage]] were annexed in 1846 and the town of [[Ossian, New York|Ossian]] was annexed in 1857 from [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany County]]. Avon, Williamsburgh, and the hamlet of [[Lakeville, New York|Lakeville]] competed for the honor of becoming the Livingston County seat, but the distinction was bestowed upon Geneseo, the principal village and center of commerce. The [[James Wadsworth (of Geneseo)|Wadsworths]] donated a suitable lot, beautifully situated at the north end of the village. The brick [[courthouse]] faced Main Street, the jail of wood construction was built directly west, and a one-story [[cobblestone]] building for the County Clerk's office was built east of the courthouse. Until construction was completed in 1823, court was held in the upper story of the district school on Center Street (east of the present-day Livingston County Museum) and prisoners were housed in [[Canandaigua (city), New York|Canandaigua]]. In 1829 the county opened a [[Poorhouse|poor house]] farm just outside the village. === Livingston County Flag === [[File:County Flag.jpg|thumb|Livingston County Flag]] The County Flag was adopted in 1971 for the county's 150th anniversary. The significance of the colors and design relates to features and history of the county: Yellow – the golden grain of the northern towns; Blue – the [[Genesee River]]; Green – the forests in the southern towns; White – [[Sodium chloride|salt]] and [[limestone]], prominent minerals in the county; [[Weighing scale|Balance]] and crossed [[quill]]s – in honor of New York's first [[Chancellor of New York|Chancellor]] Robert R. Livingston, for whom the county was named. == Senecas and Pioneer history == The [[Seneca Nation of Indians]], once the most numerous and powerful of the [[Iroquois|Six Nations of the Iroquois]], were called the "Keepers of the Western Door" because they guarded the western boundaries of the [[Iroquois|Haudenosaunee]] territory, which included the lands around [[Seneca Lake (New York)|Seneca Lake]] west to Lake Erie. Many of the principal towns were in the fertile Genesee Valley, part of what is now Livingston County. [[Little Beard's Town]], or Genesee Castle, located near present-day [[Cuylerville, New York|Cuylerville]] in the Town of [[Leicester, New York|Leicester]], was one of the largest. === Sullivan Campaign of the Revolutionary War === In 1779, [[George Washington|General George Washington]] ordered [[John Sullivan (general)|General John Sullivan]] to organize the largest American offensive movement of the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] to displace the Iroquois and gain control of New York's western frontier. Sullivan's army of approximately 5000 men trekked into the heart of the [[Seneca Nation of Indians|Seneca]] territory with orders to destroy all settlements. On September 13, 1779, hundreds of Indians and [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]] ambushed roughly 25 of Sullivan's scouts on a hill overlooking [[Conesus Lake]] at a site now known as the [[Boyd and Parker ambush|Ambuscade]] in the town of Groveland. At least 16 Americans were massacred including an [[Oneida Indian Nation|Oneida]] guide. Scout leader Lt. Thomas Boyd and Sgt. Michael Parker were captured and their mutilated remains were discovered a day later when the army reached Little Beard's Town in Cuylerville, a hamlet in the town of Leicester. This site was the largest Indian settlement in western New York and the western limit of the Sullivan Campaign. Sullivan's army found the village deserted as most of the Indians and Loyalists had retreated west to [[Fort Niagara]] to avoid confrontation. The army buried Boyd and Parker then burned the village and thousands of surrounding acres of crops. Upon retreat, the army discovered the bodies of the soldiers of Lt. Boyd's scouting party at the Ambuscade and buried them with [[Military funeral|military honors]]. After fulfilling General Washington's instructions to destroy more than 40 Indian settlements and food supplies throughout the [[Finger Lakes]], Sullivan's army returned to [[Easton, Pennsylvania]]. The mission was considered successful and helped to lessen the threat to white settlers across the state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sullivan Campaign of the Revolutionary War: the Impact on Livingston County, New York, 1779–2004|last=Alden|first=Amie|publisher=Pioneer Print and Copy|year=2006}}</ref>[http://www.sullivancampaignlivingstoncounty.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616113955/http://sullivancampaignlivingstoncounty.com/ |date=June 16, 2017 }} The enthusiasm generated by soldiers of General Sullivan's army prompted the rapid development of the Genesee Valley and the area that now comprises Livingston County. Within five years following the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1783, ending the Revolutionary War, [[Settler|colonists]] branched out from well-established settlements in [[New England]] and the [[Mid-Atlantic states]], with visions of reaping the benefits this vast wilderness land had to offer. News of the beauty and fertility of the area spread as far as Western Europe. === Seneca treaties === The destruction of the Iroquois villages during the Sullivan Campaign greatly impoverished the Senecas but did not deprive them of title to the land. This led to the creation of a series of treaties in order to facilitate westward expansion of white settlers. These treaties were not all supported by the Iroquois and consequently forever altered their culture. After the Treaty of Paris, Messrs. [[Phelps and Gorham Purchase|Phelps and Gorham]] purchased from [[Massachusetts]] the rights to approximately eight million acres west of what is referred to as the old [[Preemption Line|Pre-emption Line]]. The two men negotiated a treaty with the Seneca which was intended to extinguish Indian claims to this land. Approximately two-thirds of present-day Livingston County was covered by this treaty. In 1790, Phelps and Gorham sold about 1,200,000 acres to [[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]], known as the "financier of the [[American Revolution]]." Morris then sold the land to a company of English capitalists, with [[Sir William Pulteney, 5th Baronet|Sir William Pulteney]] obtaining the majority interest. Charles Williamson, agent for Pulteney, took an absolute conveyance of the "Genesee Tract." The first permanent white settlement he established was the small village Williamburgh in Groveland at the confluence of the Genesee River and the [[Canaseraga Creek|Canaserega Creek]]. The village prospered until 1806 before it was abandoned. The remainder of the original purchase was bought by [[Samuel Ogden]] in 1791 for Robert Morris, who then sold most of it to the [[Holland Land Company]], reserving 500,000 acres, known as the [[Morris Reserve]]. By the terms of the sale, Morris obligated himself to extinguish the Indian title to the land sold. However, his involvement in land speculation left him penniless and imprisoned for debt for several years. The 1794 [[Treaty of Canandaigua]] recognized the sovereignty of the [[Iroquois|Six Nations]] and restored their title to lands in western New York. But as pressure by western developers increased, the [[Treaty of Big Tree]] in 1797 was negotiated in the Wadsworth brothers' [[log cabin]] in Geneseo. This treaty included the western one-third of Livingston County and extinguished Indian title to practically all the lands west to the [[Niagara Frontier]], excepting a handful of Indian [[Indian reservation|reservations]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=History of Livingston County, New York 1687–1881|last=Smith|first=James M.|publisher=D. Mason and Co.|year=1881}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve|last=Turner|first=Orsamus|publisher=Erastus Darrow|year=1851}}</ref> === The Pioneer Wadsworths === [[Jeremiah Wadsworth|Col. Jeremiah Wadsworth]] of [[Hartford, Connecticut]], one of the wealthiest and most influential men in the post-Revolutionary War era, invested heavily in [[Speculation|land speculation]] in this region. In 1788, he made the arduous trip to the Genesee country to judge its worth and finding it unimaginably rich. After purchasing more than 200,000 acres (50 square miles) along the [[Genesee River]], Col. Wadsworth offered his young cousins, brothers [[James Wadsworth (of Geneseo)|James]] and [[William Wadsworth (officer)|William Wadsworth]], 2000 acres of prime farmland in and around what is now [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]]. In return, they represented the Colonel's interests by establishing a home farm (known as the [[The Homestead (Geneseo, New York)|Homestead]]) and promoting settlement and progress. The Wadsworth brothers acquired thousands more acres, becoming the largest single landowners in western New York. They [[lease]]d the majority of the land to [[tenant farmer]]s with generous lease agreements. James and William were known far and wide for their philanthropy and innovative farming methods. The legacy of James and William Wadsworth and their vast land holdings has been carried forward generation after generation and the prominent family still remains synonymous with the Genesee Valley to present day. === Genesee Valley Canal === The opening of the [[Erie Canal]] in 1825 brought prosperity across the state and realization of the benefits of internal navigation. The Genesee Valley lacked access to broader markets other than via the [[Genesee River]], often too dangerous to navigate. Planners envisioned a lateral [[canal]], cutting through the core of Livingston County, as the means of uniting the Erie Canal with the [[Allegheny River|Allegany River]], thereby connecting the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] and [[Mississippi River]]s, allowing freight and passenger transportation all the way to [[New Orleans]]. Construction of the Genesee Valley Canal started in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] in 1837, reaching [[Mount Morris, New York|Mount Morris]] by 1840. A junction to [[Groveland, New York|Sonyea]] opened in 1841 and then a branch was built to [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]], completing 52 miles. Extending the canal through to Nunda and Portage was most challenging, as workers battled the area's most rugged terrain along the [[Letchworth State Park|Genesee River gorge]]. After years of delays, 17 locks between Nunda and [[Portageville, New York|Portageville]] were completed in 1851. By the time that the last segment connecting to the [[Allegheny River|Allegany River]] was finally finished in 1862, however, railroad technology had outpaced canals. This forced the Genesee Valley Canal to close by 1878; the [[towpath]] became the bed of the [[Genesee Valley Canal Railroad]]. Railroads rapidly became the primary mode of transportation as they criss-crossed the entire county. Although the Genesee Valley Canal was short-lived, the lasting effect expanded job opportunities for thousands of new immigrants, opened markets for the area's abundant goods, and overall enriched the quality of life for residents. Today, the old Genesee Valley Canal Railroad bed has become part of the Genesee Valley Greenway Trail. == Important sites and events == === Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima === One of the first coeducational schools in the country, incorporated 1834, founded by the Genesee Conference of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] and operated until 1941. [[Genesee College]], founded on the same site in the 1840s, eventually relocated and became [[Syracuse University]]. Presently the site is occupied by [[Elim Bible Institute]]. === Water Therapy: Avon Springs and the Jackson Sanitarium === [[File:Summer excursion routes and rates (1897) (14572853000).jpg|thumb|View from Sanitorium, 1890s]] The area around present-day [[Avon, New York|Avon]] and eastern [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]] was known by the Seneca as "[[Canawaugus, New York|Canawaugus]]," or "the place of stinking waters" due to the prevalence of [[sulfur]] in the springs on the west side of town. The Seneca believed the water's mineral characteristics had [[Hydrotherapy|health benefits]] long before the white settlers arrived. In 1821, Richard Wadsworth was the first white man in Avon to build a showering box and promote the curative properties of the sulfur water. The reputation of Avon Springs grew throughout the 19th century, peaking just before the [[American Civil War|Civil War era.]] Guests sought health cures as well as relaxation and recreation opportunities in the Genesee Valley. By about 1900, most of the numerous hotels and [[spa]]s were gone.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Avon: Heart of the Genesee Country|last=Preston|first=Marie C.|publisher=Avon Herald-News Inc.|year=1976}}</ref> Nunda and Dansville also boasted mineral springs and attracted travelers from around the world to enjoy the medicinal effects of water therapy. Most well-known was the sprawling resort in Dansville operated by Dr. James C. Jackson, a leading [[Alternative medicine|holistic health]] advocate and [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]]. Dr. Jackson is credited with inventing [[Granula]], America's first cold [[breakfast cereal]], and along with Dr. Harriet Austen, endorsed exercise and less constraining clothes for women. The resort stayed in the Jackson family until the early 1900s. During [[World War I]], the sanitarium was used by the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] as a hospital for wounded soldiers. In 1929, [[Bodybuilding|bodybuilder]] [[Bernarr Macfadden]] bought the facility and named it the Physical Culture Hotel. His larger-than-life personality and national magazine with the same name boosted the popularity of the place into the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Castles on the Hill|last=Jackson|first=Ted|publisher=Dansville Area Historical Society|year=2010}}</ref> === The Shakers of Groveland === The only [[Shakers|Shaker]] colony in western New York began moving from [[Sodus, New York|Sodus]], [[Wayne County, New York]] to the hamlet of [[Groveland, New York|Sonyea]] in Groveland in 1836. The Shakers practiced celibacy, [[Agrarian society|agrarian]] communal living, and self-sufficiency. The Groveland site was convenient as a stopping place for Shakers traveling between their western societies in Ohio and their parent village at [[New Lebanon, New York]]. The 1,700-acre farm, with its fertile flatlands and the access to the [[Genesee Valley Canal]] benefited the Shakers’ cottage industries. They made flat brooms, dried apples, dried sweet corn, and fancy goods such as sewing boxes.<ref>Stephen J. Paterwic, ''Historical Dictionary of the Shakers'' (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2008), 96-97.</ref> Groveland's Shaker population peaked with 148 members in 1836. In 1857, they had 130 members, which shrank to 57 in 1874. Shaker membership everywhere had diminished to the point where the society had to begin consolidating its population at fewer sites. In 1892, the remaining 34 Groveland members moved to the North Family of the Shaker community at [[Watervliet, New York]]. After the Shakers left Groveland, [[New York (state)|State of New York]] paid the Shakers $115,000 for the buildings and 1,800 acres of land at Groveland, for the [[Craig Colony for Epileptics]].<ref>Paterwic, ''Historical Dictionary of the Shakers'', 97</ref> Several diaries and journals from the Shakers' early years at Groveland can be found at the Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio.<ref>See, for instance: a daily journal kept by an unidentified Groveland Shaker (1837–1841), ms. V:B-23; two journals by Mary Dryer (1839–1846), mss. V:B-24 and 25; two Groveland Church Family journals (1842–1847), mss. V:B-26 and 27; Polly Lee's journals (1843–1871), mss. V:B-28 and 29, and Chauncey Sears' diary (1861–1865), ms. V:B-32, all in the Cathcart collection at Western Reserve Historical Society.</ref> These manuscripts are also available on microfilm at more than 20 locations throughout the U.S.<ref>The current Shakers, who live at Sabbathday Lake, in [[New Gloucester, Maine]], have a Shaker Library which owns this microfilm, as do many Shaker historical sites and a number of academic institutions.</ref> === Civil War regiments === Three [[American Civil War|Civil War]] regiments were organized in Livingston County. The [[104th New York Volunteer Infantry]] or ‘Wadsworth Guards’, named in honor of [[James S. Wadsworth|Gen. James S. Wadsworth]], formed September 1861 at [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]]. The camp was located at the head of North Street in the [[Geneseo (village), New York|village]] and known as Camp Union. The two other regiments were organized at [[Portage, New York|Portage]] near present-day [[Letchworth State Park]]. In 1862, the [[130th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment|130th Infantry regiment]] formed and later converted to a [[Cavalry in the American Civil War|cavalry]] unit known as the [[1st Regiment New York Dragoons|1st New York Dragoons]]. The same year the [[136th New York Volunteer Infantry|136th Infantry Regiment]], also known as the ‘Ironclads’, was organized. === The Caledonia Fish Hatchery === [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] native [[Seth Green (pisciculture)|Seth Green's]] groundbreaking experiments in artificial fish propagation led to the establishment of the first fish hatchery in the [[Western Hemisphere]] in [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]] in 1864. The hatchery is managed by the [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation|Department of Conservation]] and has remained active into the 21st century. === Genesee Valley Hunt === The Livingston County Hunt was established in 1876 by Maj. William Austin Wadsworth. By the early 1880s, the organization was called the Genesee Valley Hunt and the Valley became known as the [[Fox hunting|fox-hunting]] center of North America. The Genesee Valley Hunt remains active and is one of the oldest in the U.S. === Salt mining === Salt was discovered more than 1000 feet below the surface in Livingston County in the early 1880s. Salt mines opened in the towns of Leicester (Cuylerville), Livonia, Mount Morris, and York ([[Retsof, New York|Retsof]]). The Retsof mine became the largest salt-producing mine in the United States and the second largest in the world.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goodman|display-authors=etal|first=William M.|date=September 5, 2009|title=The History of Room-and=Pillar Salt Mines in New York State|url=http://www.worldsaltsymposium.org/download/the-history-of-room-and-pillar-salt-mines-in-new-york-state-2/|journal=Beijing 9th World Salt Symposium|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507143339/http://www.worldsaltsymposium.org/download/the-history-of-room-and-pillar-salt-mines-in-new-york-state-2/|archive-date=May 7, 2018|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> The industry was a major employer throughout most of the 20th century until the mine collapsed and flooded in 1994.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mine collapse fractures a county|last=Mills|first=Steve|date=March 20, 1994|work=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle}}</ref> American Rock Salt opened a new mine in 1997 at Hampton Corners in the Town of Groveland and soon afterwards became the largest operating salt mine in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanrocksalt.com/|title=American Rock Salt|access-date=June 8, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321082917/https://www.americanrocksalt.com/|archive-date=March 21, 2017}}</ref> === Murray Hill, Mt. Morris === Once the terrestrial lands of the Seneca Indians, a wide area in Western New York known as the Mt. Morris Tract was purchased in 1807 by four couples – Mr. and Mrs. John R. Murray Sr., Mr. and Mrs. William Ogden, Mr. and Mrs. [[John Trumbull]], all of New York City, and Mr. and Mrs. [[James Wadsworth (of Geneseo)|James Wadsworth]] of [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]]. In 1837, the land was subdivided and John R. Murray Jr. established a home on the property that would be known as "Murray Hill." He brought his bride, Anna Vernon Olyphant of New York City, to live in a simple but elegant [[mansion]] overlooking the Genesee Valley. The couple improved the grounds with [[formal garden]]s and [[Fish Ponds]] and entertained distinguished guests for the next 25 years. Over the course of the next seven decades, the estate had a succession of proprietors. In 1882, while under the ownership of Col. Charles Shepard and wife, a fire completely destroyed the Murray mansion. A new, less magnificent home was built together with extensive [[barn]]s and [[stable]]s. By 1930, New York State was seeking a site in the area for one of three new [[tuberculosis]] [[sanatorium]]s to help control and prevent a disease that was the cause of nearly 4000 deaths in upstate New York that year. Although Livingston County had a low rate of tuberculosis as compared to urban centers, the Murray Hill site was chosen as the ideal spot for this facility to serve the western region due to its central location, favorable weather, easy accessibility to [[Rail transport|rail lines]] and state roads, and proximity to advanced healthcare centers at [[Craig Colony for Epileptics|Craig Colony]] in Sonyea and [[Strong Memorial Hospital|Strong Hospital]] in Rochester. All of these factors, including the restorative nature of the surroundings and the strong community support, added to the desirability and were pivotal factors in [[Governorship of Franklin D. Roosevelt|Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt's]] final decision to build a hospital on this site in 1932. Construction of the 200-bed facility was completed and it opened in 1936. In addition, the campus complex included residences for staff and physicians, an [[auditorium]], [[greenhouse]], [[Power station|power plant]] and [[Laundry room|laundry]]. A separate children's 50-bed ward was constructed and opened the following year. Over the course of the next 35 years, the tuberculosis hospital served patients who often spent several months recuperating. Preventative efforts and advances in the use of [[antibiotics]] impacted the spread of tuberculosis and resulted in the closing of the hospital by the state in 1971. Livingston County acquired the site and bordering park lands for $1.00 in 1972, using the main hospital building as a [[Nursing home care|skilled nursing facility]] until 2004 when it was determined that a more modern facility was required. The adjacent Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation was built to accommodate the growing needs of the area and the other buildings on the campus now house various county departments and agencies. ==Geography== According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|640|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|632|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|8.5|sqmi}} (1.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 5, 2015 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519062322/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt |archive-date=May 19, 2014 }}</ref> Livingston County is located in the [[Finger Lakes]] region, south of [[Rochester, Monroe County, New York|Rochester]] and east of [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. [[Letchworth State Park]] is partly in the western part of the county. The [[Genesee River]] flows northward through the county. The [[Rochester and Southern Railroad]] (RSR) traverses the county from Greigsville south through [[Mount Morris, New York|Mount Morris]] to Dansville. ===Adjacent counties=== * [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]] – north * [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario County]] – east * [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]] – southeast * [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany County]] – south * [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming County]] – west * [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee County]] – northwest ===Major highways=== {{div col}} * [[Image:I-390 (long).svg|22px]] [[Interstate 390]] * [[Image:US 20.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 20 in New York|U.S. Route 20]] * [[Image:US 20A (NY).svg|22px]] [[U.S. Route 20A (New York)|U.S. Route 20A]] * [[Image:NY-5.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 5]] * [[Image:NY-15.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 15]] * [[Image:NY-15A.svg|22px]] [[New York State Route 15A]] * [[Image:NY-36.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 36]] * [[Image:NY-39.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 39]] * [[Image:NY-63.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 63]] * [[Image:NY-65.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 65]] {{div col end}} ==Government and politics== Livingston County is heavily Republican. 1964 was the only time in history that Livingston County voted for the Democratic presidential candidate. Aside from 1964, Livingston County has voted Republican in every presidential election since the Republican Party's founding in 1854. Livingston County also voted [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] in every presidential election from 1828 to 1852. Since Johnson's win in 1964, the closest that a Democratic presidential candidate has gotten to winning Livingston County was [[Bill Clinton]] in 1996, when he lost to [[Bob Dole]] by just 113 votes. {{PresHead|place=Livingston County, New York|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=May 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323225526/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|archive-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref>}} <!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> {{PresRow|2024|Republican|18,780|12,148|107|New York}} {{PresRow|2020|Republican|18,182|12,477|742|New York}} {{PresRow|2016|Republican|17,290|10,697|2,044|New York}} {{PresRow|2012|Republican|14,448|11,705|617|New York}} {{PresRow|2008|Republican|16,030|13,655|464|New York}} {{PresRow|2004|Republican|17,729|11,504|715|New York}} {{PresRow|2000|Republican|15,244|10,476|1,503|New York}} {{PresRow|1996|Republican|10,981|10,868|3,289|New York}} {{PresRow|1992|Republican|12,122|8,648|6,044|New York}} {{PresRow|1988|Republican|14,004|9,506|187|New York}} {{PresRow|1984|Republican|16,389|7,399|104|New York}} {{PresRow|1980|Republican|11,193|9,030|2,231|New York}} {{PresRow|1976|Republican|14,044|9,629|146|New York}} {{PresRow|1972|Republican|15,886|7,031|63|New York}} {{PresRow|1968|Republican|11,659|6,989|865|New York}} {{PresRow|1964|Democratic|7,120|13,481|18|New York}} {{PresRow|1960|Republican|13,681|7,765|8|New York}} {{PresRow|1956|Republican|15,523|4,989|0|New York}} {{PresRow|1952|Republican|14,760|5,901|19|New York}} {{PresRow|1948|Republican|11,310|6,409|343|New York}} {{PresRow|1944|Republican|11,383|6,351|41|New York}} {{PresRow|1940|Republican|12,629|6,397|58|New York}} {{PresRow|1936|Republican|12,353|6,088|512|New York}} {{PresRow|1932|Republican|11,114|6,529|245|New York}} {{PresRow|1928|Republican|11,632|5,545|983|New York}} {{PresRow|1924|Republican|10,472|3,676|907|New York}} {{PresRow|1920|Republican|9,488|3,571|724|New York}} {{PresRow|1916|Republican|5,211|3,608|219|New York}} {{PresRow|1912|Republican|3,726|3,203|2,044|New York}} {{PresRow|1908|Republican|5,700|3,567|275|New York}} {{PresRow|1904|Republican|5,884|3,252|438|New York}} {{PresRow|1900|Republican|5,608|3,877|402|New York}} {{PresRow|1896|Republican|5,461|4,101|334|New York}} {{PresRow|1892|Republican|4,886|3,672|815|New York}} {{PresRow|1888|Republican|5,584|4,067|538|New York}} {{PresRow|1884|Republican|5,191|4,039|493|New York}} {{PresRow|1880|Republican|5,522|4,242|181|New York}} {{PresRow|1876|Republican|5,267|4,244|29|New York}} {{PresRow|1872|Republican|4,753|3,350|9|New York}} {{PresRow|1868|Republican|4,823|3,465|0|New York}} {{PresRow|1864|Republican|4,580|3,553|0|New York}} {{PresRow|1860|Republican|5,178|3,621|0|New York}} {{PresRow|1856|Republican|3,597|1,652|1,979|New York}} {{PresRow|1852|Whig|4,096|3,055|309|New York}} {{PresRow|1848|Whig|3,730|839|2,146|New York}} {{PresRow|1844|Whig|3,773|2,709|210|New York}} {{PresRow|1840|Whig|3,916|2,634|52|New York}} {{PresRow|1836|Whig|2,643|1,902|0|New York}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- ! Office !! District !! Area of the county !! Officeholder !! Party !! First took office |- {{party shading/Republican}} | Congressman || [[New York's 24th congressional district]] || All<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/fc27.pdf | title = Congressional District 27 | last1 = W | first1 = Eric | date = April 2, 2012 | work = View 2012 Congressional Maps | publisher = The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment | location = [[Albany, New York]] | access-date = January 13, 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130203025400/http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/fc27.pdf | archive-date = February 3, 2013 }}</ref> || [[Claudia Tenney]] || Republican || 2020 |- {{party shading/Republican}} | State Senator || [[New York State Senate|54th State Senate District]] || All<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/fs57.pdf | title = Senate District 57 | last1 = W | first1 = Eric | date = March 2, 2012 | work = View 2012 Senate District Maps | publisher = The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment | location = [[Albany, New York]] | access-date = January 6, 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073812/http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/fs57.pdf | archive-date = March 4, 2016 }}</ref> || [[Pam Helming]] || Republican || 2016 |- {{party shading/Republican}} | State Assemblyman || [[New York State Assembly|133rd State Assembly District]] || All <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/prop2012a/pa133.pdf | title = Assembly District 133 | last1 = W | first1 = Eric | date = January 25, 2012 | work = View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps | publisher = The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment | location = [[Albany, New York]] | access-date = January 6, 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121124031102/http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/prop2012a/pa133.pdf | archive-date = November 24, 2012 }}</ref> || [[Marjorie Byrnes|Marjorie L. Byrnes]] || Republican || 2019 |} Livingston County is governed by a 17–member legislature headed by a chairman. Livingston County is part of the 7th Judicial District of the [[New York Supreme Court]] and the 4th Division of the [[New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division]]. ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1830= 27729 |1840= 35140 |1850= 40875 |1860= 39546 |1870= 39309 |1880= 39562 |1890= 37801 |1900= 37059 |1910= 38037 |1920= 36830 |1930= 37560 |1940= 38510 |1950= 40257 |1960= 44053 |1970= 54041 |1980= 57006 |1990= 62372 |2000= 64328 |2010= 65393 |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 5, 2015}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|archive-date=August 11, 2012}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ny190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219161259/http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ny190090.txt|archive-date=February 19, 2015}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 5, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203824/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|archive-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> 2010–2020<ref name="QF"/> |2020=61834}} ===2000 Census=== As of the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 64,328 people, 22,150 households, and 15,349 families residing in the county. The population density was {{convert|102|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 24,023 housing units at an average density of {{convert|38|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The county's racial makeup was 94% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.27% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.76% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.85% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.04% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.27% of the population. 22.5% were of German, 17.7% Irish, 14.3% Italian, 12.8% English and 7.0% [[Americans|American]] ancestry according to the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]]. 95.8% spoke English and 2.0% Spanish as their first language. There were 22,150 households, of which 34% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.05. 23.40% of the county's population was under the age of 18, 14.20% were from age 18 to 24, 28.90% were from age 25 to 44, 22.10% were from age 45 to 64, and 11.40% were age 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 100.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.00 males. The county's median household income was $42,066, and the median family income was $50,513. Males had a median income of $36,599 versus $25,228 for females. The county's per capita income was $18,062. About 5.80% of families and 10.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 6.50% of those age 65 or over. ===2010 Census=== As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 Census]],<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/cf/1.0/en/county/Livingston|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=September 2, 2019|title=Livingston County, New York}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> there were 65,393 people, 24,409 households, and 15,943 families residing in the county. The population density was {{convert|103.5|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 27,123 housing units at an average density of {{convert|43|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The county's racial makeup was 93.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.29% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.76% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.76% of the population. In 2017, 26.3% were of German, 21.2% Irish, 14.2% Italian, 13.5% English and 5.6% [[Americans|American]] ancestry according to the 2017 [[American Community Survey]]. 93.5% spoke English and 2.6% Spanish as their first language.<ref name="ACS2017">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP02/0500000US36051|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=September 2, 2019|title=Selected Social Characteristics, Livingston County, New York|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213035248/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP02/0500000US36051|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2020 Census === {| class="wikitable" |+Livingston County Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web|title =P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Livingston County, New York|url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Livingston%20County,%20New%20York&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref> !Race !Num. !Perc. |- |[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (NH) |54,611 |88.32% |- |[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (NH) |1,071 |1.73% |- |[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] (NH) |125 |0.2% |- |[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (NH) |653 |1.1% |- |[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] (NH) |6 |0.01% |- |[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]] (NH) |2,647 |4.3% |- |[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] |2,721 |4.4% |} ==Communities== === Larger settlements === {| class="wikitable" |+ !# !Location !Population !Type !Area |- |1 |†[[Geneseo (village), New York|Geneseo]] |8,031 |Village |Center |- |2 |[[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]] |4,719 |Village |South |- |3 |[[Avon (village), New York|Avon]] |3,394 |Village |North |- |4 |[[Mount Morris (village), New York|Mount Morris]] |2,986 |Village |Center |- |5 |[[Conesus Lake, New York|Conesus Lake]] |2,584 |CDP |Lakeside |- |6 |[[Caledonia (village), New York|Caledonia]] |2,201 |Village |North |- |7 |[[Lima (village), New York|Lima]] |2,139 |Village |North |- |8 |[[Livonia (village), New York|Livonia]] |1,409 |Village |Lakeside |- |9 |[[Nunda (village), New York|Nunda]] |1,377 |Village |South |- |10 |[[Lakeville, New York|Lakeville]] |756 |CDP |North |- |11 |[[East Avon, New York|East Avon]] |608 |CDP |North |- |12 |[[Hemlock, New York|Hemlock]] |557 |CDP |Lakeside |- |13 |[[Springwater (CDP), New York|Springwater]] |549 |CDP |Lakeside |- |14 |[[York (CDP), New York|York]] |544 |CDP |North |- |15 |[[Leicester (village), New York|Leicester]] |468 |Village |Center |- |16 |[[Livonia Center, New York|Livonia Center]] |421 |CDP |Lakeside |- |17 |[[Dalton, New York|Dalton]] |362 |CDP |South |- |18 |[[Retsof, New York|Retsof]] |340 |CDP |Center |- |19 |[[Conesus (CDP), New York|Conesus]] |308 |CDP |Lakeside |- |20 |[[Cuylerville, New York|Cuylerville]] |297 |CDP |Center |- |21 |[[Groveland Station, New York|Groveland Station]] |281 |CDP |Center |- |22 |[[South Lima, New York|South Lima]] |240 |CDP |North |- |23 |[[Fowlerville, Livingston County, New York|Fowlerville]] |227 |CDP |North |- |24 |[[Piffard, New York|Piffard]] |220 |CDP |Center |- |25 |[[Greigsville, New York|Greigsville]] |209 |CDP |North |- |26 |[[Wadsworth, New York|Wadsworth]] |190 |CDP |Center |- |27 |[[Cumminsville, New York|Cumminsville]] |183 |CDP |South |- |28 |[[Scottsburg, New York|Scottsburg]] |117 |CDP |South |- |29 |[[Kysorville, New York|Kysorville]] |110 |CDP |South |- |30 |[[Woodsville, New York|Woodsville]] |80 |CDP |Lakeside |- |31 |[[Hunt, New York|Hunt]] |78 |CDP |South |- |32 |[[Linwood, New York|Linwood]] |74 |CDP |North |- |33 |[[Websters Crossing, New York|Websters Crossing]] |69 |CDP |Lakeside |- |34 |[[Byersville, New York|Byersville]] |47 |CDP |South |} ===Towns=== {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * [[Avon, New York|Avon]] * [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]] * [[Conesus, New York|Conesus]] * [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]] * [[Groveland, New York|Groveland]] * [[Leicester, New York|Leicester]] * [[Lima, New York|Lima]] * [[Livonia, New York|Livonia]] * [[Mount Morris, New York|Mount Morris]] * [[North Dansville, New York|North Dansville]] * [[Nunda, New York|Nunda]] * [[Ossian, New York|Ossian]] * [[Portage (town), New York|Portage]] * [[Sparta, New York|Sparta]] * [[Springwater, New York|Springwater]] * [[West Sparta, New York|West Sparta]] * [[York, New York|York]] {{div col end}} ====Villages==== *[[Avon (village), New York|Avon]] *[[Caledonia (village), New York|Caledonia]] *[[Dansville, Livingston County, New York]] *[[Geneseo (village), New York|Geneseo]] *[[Leicester (village), New York|Leicester]] *[[Lima (village), New York|Lima]] *[[Livonia (village), New York|Livonia]] *[[Mount Morris (village), New York|Mount Morris]] *[[Nunda (village), New York|Nunda]] ===Hamlet=== * [[Coopersville, Livingston County, New York|Coopersville]] ==Notable people== *[[Cornelia Adair|Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair]], published diarist and matriarch of [[Glenveagh Castle]] and [[JA Ranch]], was born into the Wadsworth family of Geneseo. * [[Lois Bryan Adams]] (1817–1870), writer, journalist, newspaper editor * [[James C. Adamson]], [[NASA]] astronaut, grew up in Geneseo. * [[Chester A. Arthur]], 21st President of the United States, was son of a [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister and moved to [[York, New York|York]] in 1837, attending the Old Brick School there. His infant brother, George, is buried at [[Pleasant Valley Cemetery]] in York. *[[Harriet N. Austin]], a [[Hydrotherapy|water cure]] physician, [[Victorian dress reform|dress reformer]], and women's rights advocate, was associated for many years with the [[Jackson Sanatorium|Jackson Sanitorium]] in [[North Dansville, New York|North Dansville]] * [[Cassius McDonald Barnes]], [[American Civil War]] soldier, served as the 4th [[Governor of Oklahoma Territory]]; born in Livingston County. * [[Ross Barnes]], famous [[Major League Baseball]] player, was born at [[Mount Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]], Livingston County, in 1850. * [[Isabel Barrows|Isabel Chapin Barrows]], first woman employed by the [[United States State Department]], worked for a time at the Jackson Sanitorium in [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]] and met her husband, [[Samuel J. Barrows|Samuel June Barrows]], there. * [[Clara Barton]], volunteer nurse during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], organized the first chapter of the [[American Red Cross]] at [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]], Livingston County, in 1881. * [[Francis Bellamy]], author of the "[[Pledge of Allegiance (United States)|Pledge of Allegiance]]," was born in the village of [[Mt. Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]] in 1855 and lived there until 1859. * [[James G. Birney]], abolitionist and politician, is buried at [[Williamsburg Cemetery|Williamsburg Cemetery, Groveland]]. * [[Sarah Hopkins Bradford]], writer and historian, was born in [[Mount Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]]. * [[Claude Fayette Bragdon]], important architect, lived in Dansville for about four years beginning in 1877, where his father was a newspaper editor.<ref>{{Cite book|title=More Lives Than One|last=Bragdon|first=Claude|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=1938|pages=7}}</ref> * [[William A. Brodie]], [[Freemasonry|Grand Master of Mason in New York]], laid the foundation stone of the [[Statue of Liberty]] in 1884. He was Livingston County treasurer and spent most of his life in [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]]. * [[Charles R. Cameron]], [[Consul (representative)|consul]] in Brazil, [[Chile]], and [[Cuba]], and [[Consul (representative)|consul-general]] in Japan, spent over forty years in the [[United States Foreign Service]]. He was born in [[York, New York|York]]. *Rev. [[Augusta Jane Chapin]], born in [[Lakeville, New York|Lakeville, Livonia]], was the first woman in America to receive an [[Honorary degree|honorary]] [[Doctor of Divinity]] degree. *[[Emma Lampert Cooper]], a prominent [[Oil painting|oil]] and [[Watercolor painting|watercolor]] artist, was born in [[Nunda, New York|Nunda]]. * [[Cornplanter]], [[Seneca Nation of Indians|Seneca]] war chief, diplomat, and veteran of the [[French and Indian War]] and the [[American Revolutionary War]], was born at [[Canawaugus, New York|Canawaugus]], now part of Caledonia. * [[Millard Fillmore]], 13th President of the United States, [[Apprenticeship|apprenticed]] for four months as a teenager at a [[Carding|wool-carding]] and cloth-dressing mill in [[West Sparta, New York|West Sparta]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Livingston County, New York|last=Doty|first=Lockwood Lyon|publisher=Edward L. Doty|year=1876|location=Geneseo|pages=676}}</ref> * [[Clinton Bowen Fisk]], [[American Civil War]] brigadier general, banker, 1888 US presidential candidate for the [[Prohibition Party]], and person whom [[Fisk University]] is named; born in York. * [[James W. Gerard]], [[Ambassadors of the United States|American Ambassador to Germany]], was born at Geneseo. * [[Walter E. Gregory]] (1857-1918), physician; first chairman of the Southern Livingston County chapter of the American Red Cross * [[Seth Green (pisciculture)|Seth Green]], the "Father of Fish Culture," established the first North American [[fish hatchery]] at [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]] in 1864; it is now also the oldest in the country. *[[Handsome Lake]], a [[Seneca people|Seneca]] religious leader, was born at Canawaugus, now part of Caledonia *[[Otto and Vivika Heino|Vivika Heino]], noted [[Ceramic art|ceramicist]], was born in Caledonia * [[Eben Norton Horsford]], scientist and inventor, developed a new formula for [[baking powder]], eventually producing Rumford Baking Powder. He was born in [[Leicester, New York|Leicester.]] * [[William Howe Cuyler Hosmer|William H. C. Hosmer]], poet, was native of Avon. * [[Mary Seymour Howell]], native of [[Mount Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]], was an educator and fought for [[Women's suffrage|woman suffrage]]. She was a colleague of [[Susan B. Anthony]] and wrote the equal suffrage bill for the [[New York State Assembly]], passed in 1892. * [[Washington Hunt]], [[United States Congress]]man, [[New York State Comptroller]], and [[List of Governors of New York|New York State Governor]] from 1851 to 1852, lived in [[Portage, New York|Portage]] as a boy and was educated at the [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]] Academy. *[[Helen Hunt Jackson]], a writer and advocate for western [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] groups, married into the Hunt family of [[Portage, New York|Portage]] * [[Mary Jemison]], the "White Woman of the Genesee," taken captive by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], lived much of her life among the [[Seneca people|Seneca]] at [[Little Beard's Town]], near present-day [[Cuylerville, New York|Cuylerville]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Narrative of the Life of Mary Jemison|last=Seaver|first=James E.|publisher=New York, Miller, Orton & Mulligan|year=1856}}</ref> After 1797, she resided on her 18,000-acre reservation, today part of [[Letchworth State Park]]. * [[Tom Keene (actor)|Tom Keene / George Duryea]], American actor, was likely native of Oakland in the town of Portage<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.b-westerns.com/tkeene1.htm|title=George Duryea / Tom Keene / Richard Powers|access-date=June 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813170758/http://b-westerns.com/tkeene1.htm|archive-date=August 13, 2016}}</ref> * [[Belva Ann Lockwood]], women's rights activist, educator, and politician, was educated at [[Genesee Wesleyan Seminary]]. *Sara Jane McBride, [[Entomology|entomologist]] and early woman [[Fly tying|fly tyer]], was born in [[Mumford, New York|Mumford]] and lived in [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]]. * [[Elizabeth Smith Miller]], [[women's suffrage]] advocate and [[Victorian dress reform|dress reformer]], was born at [[Groveland, New York|Groveland]] and designed the "[[Bloomers (clothing)|Bloomer Outfit]]," popularized by [[Amelia Bloomer]]. * [[Annetta Thompson Mills]], born in [[Portage, New York|Portage]], founded the first formal school for the [[Deaf culture|Deaf]] in [[China]]. * [[Henry Granger Piffard]] (1842–1910), New York dermatologist and author of the first systematic treatise on [[dermatology]] in America *[[Henry Jarvis Raymond]], [[United States Congress]]men and founder of the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]],'' was from [[Lima, New York|Lima]] and attended the [[Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and Genesee College Hall|Genesee Wesleyan Seminary]] there. * [[Jessie Belle Rittenhouse]], American poet and critic, was born at [[Mount Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]], and received the first [[Robert Frost Medal]] from the [[Poetry Society of America]] in 1930. * [[Annie Rockfellow|Anne Graham Rockfellow]], architect, was born in [[Mount Morris, New York|Mt. Morris]] and was the first woman to graduate from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] with a degree in architecture in 1887. *[[John Samuel Rowell]] (1825–1907), agricultural inventor and manufacturing industrialist, was a resident of [[Springwater, New York|Springwater]] *[[Emily Maria Scott]] (1832–1915), artist and founder of the [[New York Water Color Club]], was born in Springwater * [[Daniel Shays]], [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] soldier and leader of [[Shays' Rebellion]], is buried in Scottsburg Union Cemetery in [[Conesus, New York|Conesus]]. * [[Curt Smith (author)|Curt Smith]], author and political speechwriter, was born in [[Caledonia, New York|Caledonia]] and graduated from [[State University of New York at Geneseo|SUNY Geneseo]] in 1973. * [[Annie D. Fraser Tallent]], pioneer, was the first white woman to enter the territory of the [[Lakota people]] in [[South Dakota]] in 1874. She was originally from [[York, New York|York]]. * [[Alice Hay Wadsworth]], national [[Anti-suffragism|anti-suffrage]] leader, was wife of [[James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.|Senator James W. Wadsworth Jr.]] and was president of the [[National Association Opposed to Women Suffrage (NAOWS)|National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage]] from 1917 to 1920. * [[James Wadsworth (of Geneseo)|James Wadsworth]], pioneer, land speculator, and education advocate, settled the [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]] area and later helped to fund New York State [[common school]] [[Library|libraries]]. His brother [[William Wadsworth (officer)|William]] also was a pioneer and officer in the [[War of 1812]]. * [[James Jeremiah Wadsworth]], American politician and diplomat, was native of Geneseo. * [[James S. Wadsworth]], [[American Civil War]] general who was killed at the [[Battle of the Wilderness]], had his hometown in Geneseo. * [[Ferdinand Ward]], American swindler, was a native of Geneseo. * [[Henry I. Weed]], Wisconsin state senator and lawyer, was born in Livingston County.<ref>'Wisconsin Blue Book 1901,' Biographical Sketch of Henry Irwin Weed, pg. 734–735</ref> *[[Julia Wilbur|Julia Ann Wilbur]] (1815–1895) resided on the northern edge of Avon and was an [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] and [[Women's suffrage|suffragist]] *[[Frances Willard (suffragist)|Frances E. Willard]], suffrage and temperance leader, began an early career of teaching at [[Lima, New York|Lima]]'s [[Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and Genesee College Hall|Genesee Wesleyan Seminary]] before becoming the national president of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union|Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)]] and influencing the passage of the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]]. * [[John Young (governor)|John Young]], [[List of Governors of New York|New York State Governor]], was born in [[Conesus, New York|Conesus]] and opened a [[Law firm|law office]] in [[Geneseo, New York|Geneseo]] before embarking on his state and federal legislative career. ==See also== {{Portal|New York (state)}} * [[Livingston County Courthouse (New York)]] * [[List of counties in New York]] * [[List of New York State Historic Markers in Livingston County, New York]] * [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, New York]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{cite Q|Q114149636|p=673-79|chapter=Chapter II. Livingston County. |editor=Sullivan, James |editor2=Williams, Melvin E. |editor3=Conklin, Edwin P. |editor4=Fitzpatrick, Benedict }} ==External links== {{Commons category|Livingston County, New York}} * [http://www.co.livingston.state.ny.us Livingston County webpage] * [http://www.livingstoncounty.us/historian.php Livingston County Historian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418154502/http://livingstoncounty.us/historian.php |date=April 18, 2016 }} * [http://fingerlakeswest.com/ Information from the Chamber of Commerce] * [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyliving/ Brief histories of Livingston towns] {{Geographic Location |Centre = Livingston County, New York |North = [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]] |Northeast = [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]] |East = [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario County]] |Southeast = [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]] |South = [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany County]] |Southwest = [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany County]] |West = [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming County]] |Northwest = [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee County]] }} {{Livingston_County,_New_York}} {{New York}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|42.73|-77.77|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-NY_source:UScensus1990}} [[Category:Livingston County, New York| ]] [[Category:Finger Lakes]] [[Category:1821 establishments in New York (state)]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1821]] [[Category:Rochester metropolitan area, New York]]'