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'{{About|the Portuguese music genre|the computer documentation system|FADO}} {{Refimprove|date=May 2008}} {{Infobox music genre |name=Fado |bgcolor=mediumvioletred |color=white |stylistic_origins=[[Portuguese music]] |cultural_origins=Early 19th century [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] |instruments=[[Portuguese guitar]] |popularity=Much in Portugal; sporadic elsewhere, especially France, UK, Netherlands and Japan |derivatives=[[Coimbra Fado]] |subgenrelist= |subgenres= |fusiongenres= |regional_scenes= |other_topics= }} [[File:Jose malhoa fado.jpg|thumb|240px|''Fado'', painting by [[José Malhoa]] (1910)]] '''Fado''' (''Portuguese'':destiny, fate) is a [[music genre]] which can be traced from the 1820s in [[Portugal]], but probably with much earlier origins. In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor. However, in reality fado is simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow a certain structure. The music is usually linked to the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''[[saudade]]'' which symbolizes the feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent life lasting damage). Fado only appeared after 1840 in Lisbon, at that time only '''fado marinheiro''' (sailor fado) was known and, like the '''cantigas de levantar ferro''', was sung only by sailors. Back then, Fado was not sung in the rest of the country. The 19th century's most renowned fadista was Maria Severa. Mainstream fado performances during the 20th century included only a singer, a [[Portuguese guitar]] player and a classical guitar player but more recent settings range from singer and string quartet to full orchestra. Known as the "Rainha do Fado" ("Queen of Fado"), [[Amália Rodrigues]] was most influential in popularizing the fado worldwide. Other famous fado singers include: [[Carlos do Carmo]], [[Cristina Branco]] and [[Mariza]]. <div style="<!--font-size: 85%; -->opacity: 0.8;"> __TOC__ </div> == Varieties of fado == There are two main varieties of fado, namely those of the cities of [[Lisbon]] and [[Coimbra]]. The Lisbon style is the most popular, while Coimbra's is the more classic style. Modern fado is popular in Portugal, and has produced many renowned [[List of fado musicians|musicians]]. According to tradition, to applaud fado in Lisbon you clap your hands, while in Coimbra one coughs like if clearing one's throat. === Coimbra fado === {{main|Coimbra fado}} [[File:Sesimbra3.jpg|right|thumb| [[Fado group Verdes Anos]] (from Coimbra)]] This fado is closely linked to the academic traditions of the [[University of Coimbra]] and is exclusively sung by men; both the singers and musicians wear the academic outfit (traje académico): dark robe, cape and leggings. It is sung at night, almost in the dark, in city squares or streets. The most typical venues are the stair steps of the [[Santa Cruz Monastery]] and the [[Old Cathedral of Coimbra]]. It is also customary to organize [[serenade]]s where songs are performed before the window of the woman to be courted. The [[Coimbra fado]] is accompanied by either a [[Portuguese guitar]] or by a [[classical guitar]]; the tuning and sound coloring of the Portuguese guitar in Coimbra are quite different from that of Lisbon. The most sung themes: student love, love for the city and bohemia, and the ironic and critical reference to the discipline and conservative nature of the professors and their courses. Noted singers of this style are [[Augusto Hilário]], [[António Menano]], and [[Edmundo Bettencourt]]. In the 1950s, a new movement took the singers of Coimbra to adopt the ballad and folklore. They began interpreting lines of the great poets, both classical and contemporary, as a form of resistance to the [[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]] dictatorship. In this movement names such as [[Adriano Correia de Oliveira]] and [[José Afonso]] (Zeca Afonso) had a leading role in the revolution taking place in popular Portuguese music. Regarding the Portuguese guitar, [[Artur Paredes]] revolutionized the tuning and the accompaniment style to the Coimbra fado, adding his name to the most progressive and innovative singers. Artur Paredes was the father of [[Carlos Paredes]], who followed and expanded on his work, making the Portuguese guitar an instrument known around the world. Some of the most famous fados of Coimbra include: ''Fado Hilário'', ''Saudades de Coimbra'' (“Do Choupal até à Lapa”), ''Balada da Despedida'' (“Coimbra tem mais encanto, na hora da despedida”, the first verses are more recognizable than the song title), ''O meu menino é d’oiro'', and ''Samaritana''. The "judge-singer" [[Fernando Machado Soares]] is an imporatant reference, being the author of some of those famous fados. Curiously, it is not a Coimbra fado but a song which is the most known title referring to this city: ''Coimbra é uma lição'', which had success with titles such as ''April in Portugal''. === Fado in North America === [[File:Ramana Sitting.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Fado singer Ramana Vieira, San Francisco, USA]] Several singers of the traditional Portuguese fado have appeared in [[Canada]] and the [[United States]]. One of these, [[Ramana Vieira]], regularly performs in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] without a traditional fado ensemble. Ramana received her formal voice training at San Francisco's American Conservatory Theater and is self-proclaimed to be "The New Voice of Portuguese World Music."<ref>[http://www.ramanavieira.net/ Ramana Vieira website]</ref> [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco's]] Brava Theater often hosts fado performances. Since its founding in 1986, Brava has invited a number of fado singers to perform, including Dona Rosa, Cristina Branco and Ramana Vieira.<ref>[http://www.brava.org/ Brava Theater]</ref> California's Central Valley also offers a variety of almost secretive fado performances. Spread only by word of mouth, these shows attract listeners from all over California for a night of music and traditional Portuguese food. In Canada one can look to Vancouver based Salome<ref>[http://www.salomefado.com Salome]</ref>. The large Portuguese communities in [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]] are also home to local fado singers that perform regularly in community events in these two cities. The Northern California-based band Judith and Holofernes blends fado with indie and punk rock<ref>[http://www.fadocore.com Fadocore]</ref>. The group's interpretation, referred to as "fadocore," is also a representative of Northern California's own blend of Portuguese and American cultures that resulted from the mass migrations of the 1950s and 1960s. Other blendings of fado exist in the music of Mil i Maria <ref>[http://www.blancomusic.com Mil i Maria]</ref>, whose 'nu-fado' takes elements of the style and merges them with modern musical influences. === Fado in Australia === Fado's popularity also extends to Australia. Generations of Portuguese have migrated to Australia, and the traditions have continued. One popular Australian Portuguese fadista is Melbourne based Olivia de Sousa (http://www.oliviadesousa.com) She has sung for many years for the Portuguese communities and also for the wider Australian audiences. She was discovered by top Portuguese performer Quim Barreiros (http://www.quimbarreiros.pt) in 2008, and was invited by him to appear with him in live performances in Portugal, and on the internationally broadcast Portuguese television programs Praça da Alegria, Portugal no Coração, Fátima e Portugal sem Fronteiras. She also sang in Lisbon at Clube do Fado with top Portuguese guitarist Mario Pacheco. === Fado in India === India and Portugal share a rich history together and many cross cultural values have been shared between the two countries ranging back to its colonial days. Portuguese India may have officially ended in 1961 when India took back all of Portugal's colonial holdings, however, the cultural impact of over 500 years of colonization is still felt today. The south Indian and western Indian coastal states have become a hub of Portuguese culture exemplified by Portuguese speaking population, strong Catholic presence and Fado. There are many Indian Fado singers like Sonia Shirsat in the Indian state of Goa, the Indian Portuguese stronghold. A simple Google search for "Indian Portuguese Fado" will bring plenty of singers and their music for your listening pleasure. == See also == * [[Fados]] - a 2007 movie about fado by Spanish director [[Carlos Saura]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.fado.com Fado.com] - Website featuring biographies, news, videos and music * [http://www.mariza.com/ Mariza.com] - Mariza, highly acclaimed Fado artist from Portugal. * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YYsww1SVAE Listen to Fado] - Fado being sung in the Fado House Casa Da Moeda in India. {{commons-inline|Category:Fado|Fado}} {{Portuguesemusic}} {{Portugal topics}} [[Category:Fado| ]] [[Category:Portuguese styles of music]] [[Category:Urban street dance and music]] [[ar:فادو]] [[ast:Fado]] [[bg:Фадо]] [[ca:Fado]] [[cs:Fado]] [[cbk-zam:Fado]] [[da:Fado]] [[de:Fado]] [[et:Fado]] [[el:Φάντο]] [[es:Fado]] [[eo:Fado]] [[eu:Fado]] [[fa:فادو]] [[fr:Fado]] [[gd:Fado]] [[gl:Fado]] [[ko:파두]] [[hr:Fado]] [[is:Fado]] [[it:Fado]] [[he:פאדו]] [[la:Fatum (musica)]] [[lt:Fado]] [[hu:Fado]] [[nl:Fado]] [[ja:ファド]] [[no:Fado]] [[oc:Fado]] [[pl:Fado]] [[pt:Fado]] [[ro:Fado]] [[ru:Фаду]] [[sr:Фадо]] [[fi:Fado]] [[sv:Fado]] [[tr:Fado]] [[war:Fado]] [[zh:法朵]]'