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'{{For|other meanings of "Kermanshah"|Kermanshah (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Kermanshah |other_name = |native_name = کرمانشاە |nickname = |settlement_type = [[City]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Kermanshah-main.jpg |image_size = |image_caption = Monuments of Taq-Bostan, carved 4th–6th A.D |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Iran <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = IR |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Iran]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kermanshah Province|Kermanshah]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2005 |population_footnotes = |population_note = estimate |population_total = 965,665 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = 1,350,665 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi= <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |utc_offset = +3:30 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=34 |latm=18 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=47 |longm=4 |longs= |longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 1350 |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code =0831 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Kermanshah''' ({{lang-fa|کرمانشاه ''Kermānshāh''}}, {{lang-ku|کرماشان Kirmaşan}}) is the capital city of [[Kermanshah Province]], located 525&nbsp;km from [[Tehran]] in the western part of [[Iran]] and about 120&nbsp;km from the border of [[Iraq]]. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. The estimated population of the city is 822,921.<ref name="Cities in Iran">{{cite web | url =http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/Iran.html |title =Cities in Iran | year=2005 | accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/kermanshah/kermanshah.php Iran Chamber society]: accessed: March 2010.</ref> The majority of people speak Farsi with Kermanshahi dialect. [http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/2010/s10020115.htm] <ref>[http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/2010/s10020115.htm]</ref><ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/kermanshah/kermanshah.php Iran Chamber society]: accessed: September 2010.</ref><ref name="zaban">[http://www.salamkermanshah.ir/test/kermanshah-mad-info.htm روزنامه سلام کرمانشاه] '''Persian''' ('''Kurdish''')</ref><ref name="b"> [http://www.artkermanshah.ir/Default.aspx?page=3688 آشنایی با فرهنگ و نژاد استان کرمانشاه]('''Persian''')</ref><ref name=a>[http://www.kermanshahmiras.ir/fa_site/Preview.asp?categoryid=5&code=6686 سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان کرمانشاه] بازدید 2010/03/11</ref><ref name="zaban"/><ref name="b"/> The religion of most of the people is [[Shi'a Islam|Shi'a]] [[Muslim]]. Small numbers of [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'ís]], [[Jews]], [[Yarsan]], and [[Armenians]] also live in Kermanshah. ==History== [[File:Bistoon Kermanshah.jpg|thumb|260px|Hellenistic-era depiction of [[Vahram|Bahram]] as [[Hercules]] carved in 153 B.C.]] Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered as one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as [[Neolithic]] villages. According to archaeological surveys and excavation, Kermanshah area has been occupied by prehistoric people since the [[Lower Paleolithic]] period, and continued to later [[Paleolithic]] periods till late [[Pleistocene]] period. The Lower Paleolithic evidence consists of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The [[Middle Paleolithic]] remains have been found in the northern vicinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near [[Taq-e Bostan]]. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are [[Warwasi]], Kobeh, and Do-Eshkaft. The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab, [[Chia Jani]], and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8000-10.000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining to Iran were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day [[Harsin]]. In May 2009, based on a research conducted by the University of [[Hamedan]] and [[University College London|UCL]], the head of Archeology Research Center of Iran's Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization announced that the oldest [[prehistorian]] village in the [[Middle East]] dating back to 9800 B.P., was discovered in [[Sahneh County|Sahneh]], located in west of Kermanshah.<ref name="ISNA">{{cite web | url =http://www.isna.ir/ISNA/NewsView.aspx?ID=News-1344672&Lang=E |title =Most ancient Mid East village discovered in western Iran | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-23 }}</ref><ref name="خبرگزاري دانشجويان ايران">{{cite web | url =http://kermanshah.isna.ir/mainnews.php?ID=News-22054 |title =با 11800 سال قدمت، قديمي‌ترين روستاي خاورميانه در كرمانشاه كشف شد | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-23 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ===Before Islam=== In ancient [[Iranian folklore|Iranian]] myths, construction of the city is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty, however it is believed that the [[Sassanids]] have constructed Kermanshah. [[Bahram IV]] called Kermanshah gave his name to this city.<ref>[http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-3dad73773a1c4e78844374111c1a94fb-fa.html Dehkhoda: Kermanshah].</ref> It was a glorious city in [[Sassanid]] period about the 4th century AD when it became the capital city and a significant health center serving as a summer resort for [[Sassanid]] kings. In A.D. 226, following a two-year war led by the Persian Emperor, [[Ardashir I]], against [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] tribes in the region, the empire reinstated a local [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the [[House of Kayus]] (also ''Kâvusakân'') remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until A.D. 380 before [[Ardashir II]] removed the dynasty's last ruling member. ===After Islam=== Kermanshah was conquered by the [[Arabs]] in A.D. 640. Under [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk]] rule in the eleventh century, it was a major cultural and commercial centre in Western [[Iran]] and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The [[Safavids]] fortified the town, and the [[Qajars]] repulsed an attack by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] during [[Fath Ali Shah]]'s rule (1797–1834). Kermanshah was occupied by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] between 1723–1729 and 1731-1732. ===Recent=== Occupied by the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] army in 1915 during [[World War I]], it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]] during the [[Qajar]] period and the Republic Movement in [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi]] period. The City was hit hard during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], and although it was rebuilt, it has not yet fully recovered. ===Naming dispute=== After The [[Islamic Revolution]] in the late 1970s, the city was shortly named "Ghahramanshahr" and later the city and its province (called Kermanshahan before the revolution) were renamed [[Bakhtaran]], apparently owing to the use of "[[Shah]]" in the original name. Bakhtaran means Western, which refers to the location of the city and the province within Iran. After the [[Iran–Iraq War]], however, the city was renamed Kermanshah, as it resonates more with the desire of its people and the Persian and Kurdish literature and the collective memory of the Iranian people. Another scientific definition is Ghahramanshahr is build from Germansheim, caused by the arish people from atlantis which travelled through the indogermanic kontinents. ==Climate== Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate by the proximity of the [[Zagros]] mountains. The city's altitude makes precipitation a little bit high. Kermanshah experiences rather cold winters and there are usually rainfalls in fall and spring. Snow cover is seen for at least a couple of weeks during winter. Summers in Kermanshah are fairly hot. <center>{{Weather box |location = Kermanshah, Iran |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 2 |Feb high C = 7 |Mar high C = 13 |Apr high C = 18 |May high C = 25 |Jun high C = 32 |Jul high C = 36 |Aug high C = 36 |Sep high C = 31 |Oct high C = 23 |Nov high C = 15 |Dec high C = 8 |Jan high F = 37 |Feb high F = 45 |Mar high F = 56 |Apr high F = 66 |May high F = 77 |Jun high F = 90 |Jul high F = 97 |Aug high F = 97 |Sep high F = 88 |Oct high F = 75 |Nov high F = 60 |Dec high F = 47 |year high C = 21 |year high F = 70 |Jan low C = -3 |Feb low C = -1 |Mar low C = 3 |Apr low C = 8 |May low C = 12 |Jun low C = 16 |Jul low C = 22 |Aug low C = 20 |Sep low C = 16 |Oct low C = 12 |Nov low C = 5 |Dec low C = 1 |Jan low F = 25 |Feb low F = 29 |Mar low F = 38 |Apr low F = 47 |May low F = 54 |Jun low F = 62 |Jul low F = 72 |Aug low F = 69 |Sep low F = 62 |Oct low F = 54 |Nov low F = 41 |Dec low F = 34 |year low C = 10 |year low F = 50 |Jan precipitation cm = 6.5 |Feb precipitation cm = 6.1 |Mar precipitation cm = 8.6 |Apr precipitation cm = 7 |May precipitation cm = 3.6 |Jun precipitation cm = 0.1 |Jul precipitation cm = 0.1 |Aug precipitation cm = 0.1 |Sep precipitation cm = 0.1 |Oct precipitation cm = 2.6 |Nov precipitation cm = 5.1 |Dec precipitation cm = 6.6 |Jan precipitation inch = 2.6 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.4 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.4 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.8 |May precipitation inch = 1.4 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.1 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.1 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.1 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.1 |Oct precipitation inch = 1 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.0 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.6 |year precipitation cm = 48.5 |year precipitation inch = 18.6 |source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=66704&refer= |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Kermanshah, Iran | publisher=Weatherbase | year=2007 | accessdate=2008-04-04 }}</ref> |source 2 = Airport Weather Guide<ref name="Airport Weather Guide">{{cite web | url =http://www.weather2flights.com/airports/index.php?airport=Kermanshah+Airport%2C+Iran+%5BKSH%5D#month-by-month |title = Kermanshah Airport Weather Guide | publisher=Airport Weather Guide | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-04-04 }}</ref> |date=August 2010 }}</center> ==Sightseeing== Kermanshah Sights including [[Kohneh Bridge]], [[Behistun Inscription]], [[Taq-e Bostan]], [[Temple of Anahita at Kangavar|Temple of Anahita]], [[Dinavar]], [[Ganj Dareh]], [[Essaqwand Rock Tombs]], [[Sorkh Deh chamber tomb]], [[Malek Tomb]], [[Hulwan, Iran|Hulwan]], [[Median]] dakhmeh(Darbad,Sahneh), [[Parav cave]], [[Do-Ashkaft Cave]], [[Tekyeh Moavenalmolk]], Dokan Davood Inscription,Sar Pol-e-Zahab, Tagh e gara,Patagh pass{, Sarab Niloufar, Ghoori Ghale Cave, [[Khaja_Barookh%27s_House#Khaja_Barookh.27s_House|Khaja Barookh's House]], Chiyajani Tappe, [[Behistun_Inscription#Other_historical_monuments_in_Behistun_complex|Statue of Herakles in Behistun complex]], Emad al doleh Mosque, Tekyeh-e Beglarbagi, Hunters cave, Jamé Mosque of Kermanshah, [[Godin Tepe]], [[Behistun_Inscription#Other_historical_monuments_in_Behistun_complex|Bas relief of Gotarzes II of Parthia]], [[Anobanini]] bas relief. ===Taq-e Bostan=== {{main|Taq-e Bostan}} [[Image:Reliefs-overview.JPG|thumb|Frontal view of the two arches.]] [[Image:Harp-Sassanid.png|thumb|This Taq-e Bostan carving depicts women playing [[Chang (instrument)]]s, while the king is hunting.]] [[Taq-e Bostan]] is a series of large rock relief from the era of [[Sassanid Empire]] of Persia, the [[History of Iran|Iranian dynasty]] which ruled [[western Asia]] from 226 to 650 AD. This example of [[Sassanid art]] is located 5&nbsp;km from the city center of Kermanshah in western [[Iran]]. It is located in the heart of the [[Zagros|Zagros mountain]]s, where it has endured almost 1,700 years of wind and rain. The carvings, some of the finest and best-preserved examples of Persian sculpture under the Sassanids, include representations of the investitures of [[Ardashir II]] ([[379]]–[[383]]) and [[Shapur III]] ([[383]]–[[388]]). Like other Sassanid symbols, Taq-e Bostan and its relief patterns accentuate power, religious tendencies, glory, honor, the vastness of the court, game and fighting spirit, festivity, joy, and rejoicing. Sassanid kings chose a beautiful setting for their rock reliefs along an historic [[Silk Road]] caravan route [[waypoint]] and campground. The reliefs are adjacent a sacred spring that empties into a large reflecting pool at the base of a mountain cliff. Taq-e Bostan and its rock relief are one of the 30 surviving Sassanid relics of the [[Zagros mountains]]. According to [[Arthur Pope]], the founder of Iranian art and archeology Institute in the USA, "art was characteristic of the Iranian people and the gift which they endowed the world with." One of the most impressive reliefs inside the largest grotto or ''ivan'' is the gigantic [[equestrian sculpture|equestrian]] figure of the Sassanid king [[Khosrau II]] ([[591]]-[[628]] CE) mounted on his favorite charger, [[Shabdiz]]. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. The arch rests on two columns that bear delicately carved patterns showing the tree of life or the sacred tree. Above the arch and located on two opposite sides are figures of two winged angles with [[Diadem (personal wear)|diadems]]. Around the outer layer of the arch, a conspicuous margin has been carved, jagged with flower patterns. These patterns are also found in the official costumes of Sassanid kings. Equestrian relief panel measured on 16.08.07 approx. 7.45m across by 4.25 m high. ===Behistun=== {{main|Behistun Inscription}} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | Name = [[Behistun Inscription|Bisotun]] | infoboxwidth= 250px | Image = [[File:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg|230px|Modern day picture of the inscription.]] | State_Party = {{IRN}} (Islamic Republic of) | Type = Cultural | Criteria = ii, iii | ID = 1222 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia|Asia-Pacific]] | Year = 521 BC | Session = 30th }} Behistun inscription is considered as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The [[Behistun Inscription]] (also ''Bisitun'' or ''Bisutun'', [[Modern Persian]]: بیستون ; [[Old Persian]]: ''Bagastana'', meaning "the god's place or land") is a multi-lingual inscription located on [[Mount Behistun]]. The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different [[cuneiform script]] languages: [[Old Persian language|Old Persian]], [[Elamite language|Elamite]], and [[Babylonian language|Babylonian]]. A British army officer, [[Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet|Henry Rawlinson]], had the inscription transcribed in two parts, in 1835 and 1843. Rawlinson was able to translate the Old Persian cuneiform text in 1838, and the Elamite and Babylonian texts were translated by Rawlinson and others after 1843. Babylonian was a later form of [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]]: both are [[Semitic languages]]. In effect, then, the inscription is to [[Cuneiform script|cuneiform]] what the [[Rosetta Stone]] is to [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]s: the document most crucial in the [[decipherment]] of a previously lost [[writing system|script]]. The inscription is approximately 15&nbsp;metres high by 25&nbsp;metres wide, and 100&nbsp;metres up a [[limestone]] cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of [[Babylonia]] and [[Medes|Media]] ([[Babylon]] and [[Ecbatana]]). It is extremely inaccessible as the mountainside was removed to make the inscription more visible after its completion. The Old Persian text contains 414 lines in five columns; the Elamite text includes 593 lines in eight columns and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines. The inscription was illustrated by a life-sized bas-relief of [[Darius the Great of Persia|Darius]], holding a [[bow (weapon)|bow]] as a sign of kingship, with his left foot on the chest of a figure lying on his back before him. The prostrate figure is reputed to be the [[pretender]] [[Gaumata]]. Darius is attended to the left by two servants, and ten one-metre figures stand to the right, with hands tied and rope around their necks, representing conquered peoples. [[Faravahar]] floats above, giving his blessing to the king. One figure appears to have been added after the others were completed, as was (oddly enough) Darius' beard {{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}, which is a separate block of stone attached with [[iron]] pins and [[lead]]. === Ghajar dynasty monuments === {{see also|Tekyeh Mo'avenalmolk|Khaja Barookh's House}} During the [[Qajar dynasty]] (1794 to 1925), [[Kermanshah Bazaar]], Mosques and [[Tekyeh]]s such as [[Mo'avenalmolk Mosque]], and beautiful houses such as [[Khaja Barookh's House]] were built. [[Tekyeh Moavenalmolk]], is unique because it has many pictures on the walls that relate to [[shahnameh]], despite some of its more religious ones. [[Khaja Barookh's House]] is located in the old district of Faizabad, a [[Jewish]] neighborhood of Kermanshah. It was built by a Jewish merchant of the [[Qajar]] period, named Barookh. The house, an historical depiction of Iranian architecture, was renamed "Randeh-Kesh House", after the last owner, is a "daroongara"(pro-interior)house and is connected through a vestibule to the exterior yard and through a corridor to the interior yard.[http://www.kermanshahmiras.ir/fa_site/preview.asp?categoryid=11&code=5451] Surrounding the interior yard are rooms, brick pillars making the iwans(porches) of the house, and step-like column capitals decorated with brick-stalactite work. This house is among the rare Qajar houses with a private bathroom. ==Economy== Kermanshah is one of the western agricultural core of Iran that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, however Kermanshah is emerging as a fairly important industrial city; there are two industrial centers with more than 256 manufacturing units in the suburb of the city. These industries include [[petrochemical]] refinery, [[textile]] manufacturing, [[food processing]], carpet making, sugar refining, and the production of electrical equipment and tools. Kermanshah Oil Refining Company (KORC) established in 1932 by British companies, is one of the major industries in the city. After recent changes in [[Iraq]], Kermanshah has become one of the main importing and exporting gates of [[Iran]]. ==Higher education== * [http://www.shahr-e-kangavar.ir/ | کنگاور شهر تمدن و تدین || Kangavar town civilization and religion |] *[http://www.kut.ac.ir/ Kermanshah University of Technology] *[[Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences]] *[[Razi University]] *[http://www.iauksh.ac.ir/ Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch ] *[[Payame Noor University]] ==Notable people== *[[Doris Lessing]], writer, 2007 winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (born in Kermanshah to British parents) *[[Shahram Nazeri]], vocalist and musician *[[Mojtaba Mirzadeh]], musician and violin player *[[Kayhan Kalhor]], musician *[[Pouran Derakhshandeh]], film director, producer, screen writer *[[Karim Sanjabi]], Iran's attorney in the oil's national movement, former foreign minister *[[Rashid Yasemi]], one of the [[Five-Masters]] of [[Persian Literature]] *[[Moeini kermanshahi]], songwriter *[[Ali Mohammad Afghani]], novelist *[[Ali Ashraf Darvishian]], novelist and writer *[[Manoochehr Taherzadeh]], musician and singer *[[Abolghasem Lahouti]], poet *[[Susan (singer)|Sousan]], singer *[[Nozar Azadi]], actor *[[Reza Karam Rezaei]], actor *[[Hanibal Alkhas]], painter *[[Alexis Kouros]], writer, documentary-maker, director and producer *[[Roknoddin Mokhtari]], violin player *[[Nasser Zarafshan]], novelist, translator, and attorney *[[Bijan Namdar Zangeneh]], former minister *[[Ebrahim Azizi]], member and spokesman of the Guardian Council *[[Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi]], writer *[[Al-Dinawari]], botanist, historian, geographer, astronomer and mathematician *[[Mohammad Ranjbar]], former [[Iran national football team]] player and coach *[[Pari Zangeneh]], Vocalist *[[Yousof Moradian]], actor *[[Margaret Packard Aro]], writer *[[Ahmad Hemmati]], Literary and Cultural Translator ==Photos of Kermanshah== {{gallery |lines=1 |Image:Kermanshah1.jpg| <center>[[Taq-e Bostan]] Lake </center> |Image:Knight-Iran.JPG| <center>Carving of [[Khosrau II|Khosrow Parviz]]<ref group="fn">[[Khosrau II|Khosrow Parviz]] is standing here. On his left is [[Ahura Mazda]], on his right is [[Anahita]], and below is, Khosrau dressed as a mounted Persian knight riding on his favourite horse, [[Shabdiz]].</ref></center> |Image:kermanshah-bisotoun_inscription.jpg| |Image:KermanshahNature1.jpg| |Image:Kermanshah city.jpg| <center> [[Ferdowsi]] Square |Image:Kermanshah-anahita temple.jpg| <center> [[Anahita Temple]] in [[Kangavar]] |Image:kermanshah-taqe_bostan.jpg| |Image:Sanandaj kermanshah road.jpg| |Image:Mount Dalekhani1.jpg| <center>Mount Dalekhani</center> |Image:KermanshahCave1.jpg| |Image:GhooriGhaleh.jpg|<center>Ghouri Ghaleh Cave</center> |Image:Cave_of_ghori_ghal.jpg‎|<center>Ghouri Ghaleh Cave</center> |Image:Taq-1.png| |Image:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg| <center>[[Bisotun]] Inscription<ref group="fn">Authored by [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC.</ref></center> |Image:BehistunInscriptiondetail.jpg| <center>Close-Up of [[Bisotun]] Inscription</center> |Image:Harp-Sassanid.png|[[Taq-e Bostan]] Carving <ref group="fn">Women playing [[harp]] while the king is standing in a boat holding his bow and arrows, from 6th century Sassanid Iran.</ref> |Image:Reliefs-overview.JPG| |Image:Sassanid-woman.png|<center>[[Taq-e Bostan]] Carving <ref group="fn">Female musicians accompanying king during hunting. These are identified as unfinished carvings, the figures have been blocked-out but yet to be completed [compare with figure bottom right foreground], as elsewhere on the two hunting panels in the larger ''iwan''.</ref> |Image:Tekye moaven ol molk.JPG|<center>Tekye moaven ol molk</center> |Image:Parau.JPG|<center>Mount Parau</center> }} ===Foot Notes=== <references group="fn" /> == See also == * [[Kermanshah Province]] * [[Kermanshahi]] * [[Warwasi]] cave. == External links == * [http://www.irantooth.com/iranpics/dariush_inscriptions.htm Pictures of Inscription and Bas relief of Darius the Great ] - Free Pictures of IRAN [http://www.irantooth.com irantooth.com] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/bisotun.htm Photos from Bisotun Complex] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/taq.htm Photos from Taq-e Bostan] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/tekye.htm Photos from Moavenol Molk Tekieh] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] == References == {{Reflist|2}} {{Kermanshah Province}} [[Category:Cities in Iran]] [[Category:Populated places in Kermanshah Province]] [[Category:Iranian provincial capitals]] [[Category:Cities of the Sassanid Empire]] {{Link GA|fa}} [[ar:كرمانشاه]] [[bg:Керманшах]] [[ca:Kermanshah]] [[ceb:Dakbayan sa Kermānshāh]] [[cs:Kermánšáh]] [[cy:Kermanshah]] [[da:Kermanshah]] [[de:Kermānschāh (Stadt)]] [[es:Kermanshah]] [[eo:Kermanŝaho]] [[fa:کرمانشاه]] [[fr:Kermanshah]] [[gd:Kermanshah]] [[hr:Kirmanšah]] [[os:Керманшах (сахар)]] [[it:Kermanshah]] [[he:כרמאנשאה]] [[ka:ქირმანშაჰი]] [[kk:Керманшах]] [[ku:Kirmaşan]] [[lt:Kermanšahas]] [[arz:كرمانشاه]] [[nl:Kermanshah]] [[ja:ケルマーンシャー]] [[pl:Kermanszah (miasto)]] [[pt:Kermanshah]] [[ro:Kermanshah]] [[ru:Керманшах]] [[simple:Kermanshah]] [[ckb:کرماشان]] [[fi:Kermānshāh]] [[sv:Kermanshah]] [[tg:Кирмоншоҳ]] [[tr:Kirmanşah (şehir)]] [[ur:کرمانشاہ]] [[war:Kermanshah]] [[zh:克尔曼沙赫]]'