Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox U.S. County| county = Brevard County| state = Florida | seal = Seal of Brevard County, Florida (transparent).png| seal size = 150px | map = Brevard County Florida.png | founded = March 14, 1844| seat = [[Titusville, Florida|Titusville]] | area_total_sq_mi =1557 | area_land_sq_mi =1018 | area_water_sq_mi =539 | area percentage = 34.60% | census yr = 2000| pop = 476230 | density_km2 = 181| web = www.brevardcounty.us/| |}} '''Brevard County''' is a [[county (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]], along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. As of 20 <gallery> http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.onlinevpm.com/media/images/Discovery_Beach_Resort_42.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.onlinevpm.com/listingsearch.php%3Fpage_name%3Dlisting_search%26pages%3D25%26s%3D1350%26np%3D105%26type%3DFor_Rent%26id%3D%26resort%3D%26city%3D%26state%3DNot_Selected%26country%3DNot_Selected&usg=__dqLk5sT5KSjor8kiVRVirBw64dg=&h=316&w=199&sz=21&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=0kHMUCK329bmcM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=82&ei=NY57Tb6nOoOKqwHIhZXPBg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiscovery%2Bbeach%2Bresort%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2RNTM_enUS372%26biw%3D1579%26bih%3D564%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=238&vpy=195&dur=1076&hovh=252&hovw=159&tx=88&ty=139&oei=NY57Tb6nOoOKqwHIhZXPBg&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0File:Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery> 07 [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] estimates, the population is 536,521 making it the 10th most populous county in the state.<ref name=censuspop>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-04-12.csv |title=County population, population change and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 |publisher=[[US Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2009-10-08 |format=CSV}}</ref> Influenced by the presence of the [[Kennedy Space Center|John F. Kennedy Space Center]], Brevard County is also known as the [[Space Coast]]. As such it was designated with the area code 321 as in [[Countdown#Rocketry|3-2-1 liftoff]]. The official [[county seat]] has been located in [[Titusville, Florida|Titusville]] since 1894, although most of the county's administration is performed from [[Viera, Florida|Viera]]. Brevard County has more than one county courthouse and [[County sheriff (Florida)|sheriff's]] office because of its elongated north-south county lines. Hence, government services are not centralized in one location, as they are in many American counties. ==History== ===Precolumbian=== The first [[Paleoindians]] arrived in the area near Brevard county between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide">{{Cite web |url= http://www.brevardcounty.us/history/documents/LandmarkGuide2010.pdf |title= Historic Brevard Landmark guide |publisher = Brevard County Historical Commission |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> The Paleoindians were semi-nomadic people who lived in smaller groups. At the time, the earth was going through its most recent [[ice age]] and the climate of the area was much different than it is now;<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> it was similar to that of [[Great Britain]] today. The area which today is Brevard County was probably not coastal at this period in time. The coast of Florida was about {{convert|100|mi|km}} wider<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> and the Indian River was simply a lower point on dry land. After a few thousand years, perhaps by around 3000 B.C. peninsular Florida resembled the land of today; in shape, climate, fauna, and flora. About this time, a new group of settlers appeared known as "[[Archaic period in the Americas|the archaic people]]."<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url= http://www.brevardcounty.us/history/history-summary.cfm |title= Brevard County History - A Brief Introduction |publisher = Brevard County Historical Commission |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> These people were primarily fishermen, as opposed to the hunting and gathering way of life which characterized the Paleoindians.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> It is believed that these were the ancestors of the Native Americans who would come in contact with the Europeans when they arrived. {{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} ===From Spanish rule to statehood=== The [[Ais]] and the [[Jaega]] were the dominant tribes in the area when [[Ponce De Leon]] arrived at the shores near Melbourne Beach in 1513.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> Heavy mosquito infestation and the threat of Indian attacks kept the area from having any permanent white settlements. The Spanish quickly left the area, but left a deadly reminder of their visit: European diseases. Within 200 years, almost the entire precolumbian population of Florida had died out. [[Creek Indians]] from the north quickly swept down from Georgia and the Carolinas to fill the void. These Indians became known as the [[Seminole]]. Their activity in Brevard County was intermittent and usually not permanent. Throughout the 18th century, the great European powers [[Spain]], [[Great Britain]] and [[France]] vied for power in Florida. Their interest in the peninsula was more strategic than for building any real settlements. In contrast to today, where living in Florida means comfort and the "good life" to many people, Florida in the 18th century was seen as a hostile place with dangerous fauna such as poisonous snakes, alligators and panthers. Death by malaria was a possibility and death at the hands of angry Indians seemed even more likely. After being under Spanish, French, British, and then Spanish rule again, Florida finally became a United States territory. In 1837, Fort Ann was established on the eastern shore of the Indian River on a narrow strip of land on Merritt Island.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> During the construction of the Hernandez-Capron Trail, General Joseph Hernandez and his militiamen encamped near present day Mims.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> These settlements were short lived and were abandoned shortly thereafter. ===Statehood to 1900=== [[File:Boatbuilding.jpg|175px|thumb|left|Boathouse, Titusville, Florida 1885.]] In 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the Union. How and when Brevard County was founded and its history in the 19th century is much more complicated. During the 19th century, the state of Florida was constantly changing the names and borders of counties. Indeed, St. Lucia County was split off from Mosquito (later Orange) County in 1844.<ref name="Brevard County Maps">{{Cite web |url= http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/maps/galleries/county/stlucia/index.php |title= Brevard County Maps |publisher = University of South Florida |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> St. Lucia County was renamed Brevard County in 1856, but this "Brevard County" contained very little of present day Brevard County. Most of present day Brevard north of Melbourne was part of either Volusia or Orange counties.<ref name="Brevard County Maps"/> Brevard County in 1856 extended as far west as Polk County and as far south as coastal Broward County. Complicating the discussion of Brevard County in the 19th century is that an early county seat was located at (Port) St. Lucie, which took its name from the original county name and was eventually split off from Brevard to form a new county, St. Lucie County in 1905. Gradually, the borders of Brevard County were shifted northward while the county got "pinched" eastward.<ref name="Brevard County Maps"/> The portions of Brevard County in present day Broward and Palm Beach counties were given to Dade County, western areas of the county were given to Polk and Osceola County, and parts of Volusia and Orange Counties were given to Brevard including the eventual county seat of Titusville. Later, the southern portion of the county was be cut off to form St. Lucie County (which later spawned Martin and Indian River counties).<ref name="Brevard County Maps"/> The first permanent settlement in present day Brevard was, without a doubt, established near Cape Canaveral in 1848.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> After the establishment of a lighthouse, a few families moved in and a small, but stable settlement was born. Gradually, as the threat of Seminole Indian attacks was becoming increasingly unlikely, people began to move into the area around the Indian River. In the 1850s a small community developed at Sand Point which eventually became the city of Titusville.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Unlike other areas of Florida, the [[American Civil War]] had little effect on Brevard County, other than perhaps slow the movement of settlers to the area. By the 1880s, the cities along the Indian River included Melbourne, Eau Gallie, Titusville, Rockledge, and Cocoa.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> Unlike cities further inland in Florida, these cities did not have to rely as heavily on roads. The primary way of transversing the county was by water. In 1877 commercial steamboat transportation became a reality as the steamboat ''Pioneer'' was brought to the area.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The first real boom to the area occurred with the extension of [[Henry Flagler]]'s [[Florida East Coast Railroad]] into the area.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The railroad reached Titusville in 1886 and Melbourne in 1894. With the railroad came increased settlement and the first tourists. ===20th century to present=== [[File:Melbourne.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Crane Creek, Melbourne circa 1900]] The advent of the automobile age brought even more growth to Brevard County as resorts and hotels popped up all around the county.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> As the automobile became increasingly important as a means of transportation, roads connecting Brevard County to the rest of Florida and ultimately the rest of the nation were built. The first major land boom began in the 1920s with the end of [[World War One]].<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> People flooded into the state of Florida as land prices soared, only to bust as the [[Great Depression]] temporarily stopped growth in Florida. Before the start of [[World War II]], the largest industries in Brevard were commercial fishing, citrus, and tourism.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.brevardcounty.us/history/history-summary.cfm |title= Brevard County History - A Brief Introduction |publisher = Breard County Historical Commission |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> In 1940, the [[Naval Air Station Banana River]] (now [[Patrick Air Force Base]]) was built. This began a new era in the development of Brevard County. Later, in the late 50s, the Long Range Proving Ground was opened.<ref name="Historic Brevard Landmark guide"/> This later became the Kennedy Space Center. This changed the entire complexion of the county; where Brevard had once been considered a "backwoods" area of Florida, it instantly became the launching pad into outer space. What had once been a primarily low-tech farmer/fisherman economy was transformed into a high-tech engineering and computer economy. As a very long, but not very wide county, there had been a lot of complaints from people in the southern, more populous side of the county about being so distant from the county seat.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl |title= Google Maps driving Directions Palm Bay to Titusville |publisher =Google |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> A trip to conduct county business in Titusville was {{convert|50|mi|km}} from the most populous city in the county, Palm Bay. There was talk of secession on the southern end of the county,<ref name="The Orlando Sentinel">{{Cite web |url= http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-12-15/news/9312150103_1_titusville-brevard-palm-bay |title= An Idea Whose Time Has Come Yet Again |publisher = The Orlando Sentinel |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> and the county decided to build a new county administration complex at Viera near the geographical center of the county. This complex was started in 1989, and resulted in a counter-threat of secession from the Titusille end of the county.<ref name="The Orlando Sentinel"/> This proposal to form a new county, Playalinda County had some momentum in the early 90s. The county made a few concessions to the people in the northern part of the county, and agreed not to ''officially'' move the county seat. Viera; however, is for all intents and purposes the ''de facto'' seat of Brevard County. The summer of 1998 produced some of the worst brush fires on record.{{convert|70000|acres|km2 sqmi}} were burned.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=Danger seen in advance | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110302/NEWS01/110302001/Brush-fire-danger-seen-advance| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6A | date=2 March 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ==Geography== ===Geographic features=== [[File:Monument US 1 Brevard Volusia county line.jpg|thumb|The Brevard-Volusia county-line]]According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1557|sqmi|1}}, of which {{convert|1018|sqmi|1}} is land and {{convert|539|sqmi|1}} (34.60%) is water, primarily the Atlantic Ocean, the [[St. Johns River]] and the [[Indian River Lagoon]]. The county is larger in area than Samoa and nearly the same size, and population, as Cape Verde.<ref>[http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/world_statistics_by_area.htm List of Countries by Land Mass - Ranked by Area] retrieved May 22, 2007</ref> It is one third of the size of Rhode Island. Located half-way between [[Jacksonville, Florida]] and [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], Brevard County is an extra-long county, extending over {{convert|70|mi|km}} from north to south, but only a handful of miles inland from the seacoast at any point. In marshes in the western part of this county is the source of the St. Johns River. The [[Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway]] along the eastern edge of Brevard County is the major [[waterway]] route in Brevard County. It includes the [[Indian River (Florida)|Indian River]]. Additional waterways include [[Lake Washington (Florida)|Lake Washington]], [[Lake Poinsett]], [[Lake Winder]], [[Sawgrass Lake]], St. Johns River, and the [[Banana River]]. Brevard County is the sole county in the [[Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (formerly the Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area and Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area). There is no major urban center.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Keep SCAT rolling | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101202/OPINION/12020307/Keep-SCAT-rolling| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 10A | date=2 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county is unofficially divided into three section, North County, comprising Titusville, Mims and Port St. John; Central Brevard, which includes Cocoa, Rockledge Merritt Island, and Cocoa Beach; and South County, which includes Melbourne, Palm Bay, Grant, Valkaria, and the [[South Beaches]]. The South Beaches is a term that measure direction south from the dividing line of Patrick Air Force Base, and includes South Patrick Shores, Satellite Beach, Indian Harbour Beach, Indialantic, and Melbourne Beach. Additionally, the government has historically labeled the beach areas differently. These names are sometimes ambiguous with those in popular use. The North Reach includes {{convert|9.4|mi}} in Cape Canaveral and Cocoa Beach. The Patrick Air Force Base beach is {{convert|4.1|mi}}. The Mid Reach includes the {{convert|7.6|mi}} in Satellite Beach. The South Reach includes the {{convert|3.8|mi}} in Indialantic and Melbourne Beach. The South Beaches includes {{convert|14.5|mi}} south of Melbourne Beach to Sebastian.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Virginia | last=Barker | title=Beach and Dune Erosion | url=http://www.brevardcounty.us/natres/BeachErosionStaffReport.pdf.pdf| work= | publisher=Brevard County Board of Commissioners | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages=5 | date=31 October 2007 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There are 16 municipalities. The largest, by population is Palm Bay, the smallest Melbourne Village.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rick | last=Heale| title=Brevard's 17th municipality? | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100121/NEWS01/1210329/-1/mmxbillboardtest/South-Brevard-s-Barefoot-Bay-seeks-city-status| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 3A| date=21 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county has seven canals<ref>[http://florida.hometownlocator.com/features/cultural,class,canal,scfips,12009.cfm]</ref> for transportation and drainage: *[[Merritt Island Barge Canal|Canaveral Barge Canal]], Courtenay - transportation *Faulk Canal, Cocoa *Grand Canal, Tropic *[[Old Haulover Canal|Haulover Canal]], Mims - transportation *Melbourne Tillman Canal, Melbourne West - drainage *Old Canal, Wilson *C-54 Canal - on the south Brevard County Line - drainage ====Climate==== The county has a [[Koppen climate classification]] of Cf with a year-round distribution of rainfall. This means a [[humid subtropical climate]] with hot, humid summers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/?n=wetdryseason |title=The Onset of the Wet and Dry Seasons in East Central Florida- A Subtropical Wet-Dry Climate? |accessdate= |author=Randy Lascody |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=202-03 |year= |month= |work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Melbourne, FL |publisher=NOAA |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> There are distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry lasts from December through May. The wet from June through November. Temperature varies noticeably in this {{convert|72|mi}} long, north-to-south, county, particularly in winter. In north county, northern (temperate climate) flora can thrive, like deciduous trees. In the south county, sub-tropical plants can grow, such as royal palm trees.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Matt | last=Reed | title=Watchdog column:EEL, chief explains process and prices | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=18 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---not a one-for-one ref but does establish there are two distinct zones---> Progressing from west to east, there is a moderating affect from the ocean and, to a lesser extent, from the Indian River; so eastern low temperatures are higher, and high temperatures are lower, than is measured further west. January is the coldest month with an average low of {{convert|50.7|°F|°C}}; average high {{convert|71|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. The warmest months are July and August with average highs of {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}}; average lows 72.2. The driest month is April with {{convert|1.6|in|cm}} rainfall; the wettest September, {{convert|6.6|in|cm}}.<ref>Space Coast Visitor's Guide,''Florida Today'',2007 Winter/Sprint Edition</ref> Offshore ocean temperatures have averaged: January - {{convert|64|F}}, February - {{convert|62|F}}, March - {{convert|67|F}} and April - {{convert|72|F}}.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=South Brevard County | url=| work=Space Coast Edition | publisher=Travelhost | location=Dallas, TX | pages= 26 | date=January–April 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Florida is a large subtropical state that experiences hurricanes. Although Brevard county is located along Florida's eastern peninsula, it is less frequently impacted by direct hurricane landfalls than portions of the Panhandle or South Florida. There are two predominant reasons for this. First, westward moving tropical systems often reach an atmospheric ridge weakness in the [[Azores High|Bermuda High]]<!---yes, they are equivalent.---> by the time they approach Florida at a latitude as northerly as Brevard County. Combined with frontal systems that exit the United States' East Coast, many of these tropical systems are steered northwest and eventually curve northward offshore Florida's East Central Coast. A second reason is that hurricanes landfalling along the Florida peninsular Gulf Coast often weaken to a tropical storm by the time they move northeast to affect Brevard County (with some exceptions, such as 2004's Charley). Although Brevardians may refer to past storms as "hurricanes", by the time they strike here, some of them may have subsided to tropical storms or depressions. Because of the threat of [[storm surge]], the beach community on the barrier island is often required to evacuate well in advance of the storm.<ref>[http://www.ocean-beach.com/weather_hurricanes.htm#Areas%20At%20Risk Hurricanes]</ref> The possibility of storm surge is diminished when the storm comes across the state instead of from the Atlantic.<ref name="fl100527">{{Cite news| first=Matt | last=Read | title=Prepare for storm evacuations | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100527/COLUMNISTS0207/5270331/Lay-Prepare-for-storm-evacuations-tar-balls| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=27 May 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> [[Tornado]]s spinning off from even small storms can result in severe damage in small areas.<ref>[http://www.wxdude.com/Severe.html Questions on Thunderstorms and Severe Weather]</ref> Five hurricanes have directly affected Brevard since 1950: [[Hurricane David|David]] (September 3, 1979), Hurricane Erin (August 2, 1995) - made landfall near Sebastian Inlet and caused mostly minor wind damage and more extensive flooding countywide, [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]] (August 13, 2004) - Caused damage in Titusville and North Brevard. [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]] (September 3, 2004) - Struck neighboring [[Vero Beach]], [[Indian River County]] directly and caused widespread wind damage throughout Brevard,<ref>[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1995erin.html TPC NHC ERIN 1995 PRELIMINARY REPORT]</ref> [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]] (September 26, 2004) - Struck Vero, directly, following very nearly the same path as Frances. The latter two storms caused widespread damage in South Brevard, and resulted in $2.8 billion in claim payments.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Weather, politics shook things up | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20091231/NEWS01/912310317/1086/Stories+of+the+decade++Weather++politics+shook+things+up| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=31 December 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Slightly more than half of one percent (0.6%) of houses were lost.<ref>[http://www.bebr.ufl.edu/FloridaFocus/FloridaFocus1_3_2005.pdf bebr.ufl.edu]</ref> <!--this is true but I can't find it documented online!--usually due to a pane or other small hole in the dwelling Wind blew in water. Electricity was out. Resultant mildew in the heat resulted in total destruction of an outwardly appearing solid structure.---- true but no documentation available online--> The following storms did not affect Brevard County with hurricane force winds: [[Hurricane Floyd|Floyd]] (September 15, 1999),<ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/floydsum.html Hurricane Floyd Preliminary Summary]</ref> and [[Hurricane Irene (1999)|Irene]] (October 16, 1999).<ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/irenesum.html Hurricane Irene Preliminary Summary 10-16-99]</ref> [[Tropical Storm Fay]] dropped a record rainfall of {{convert|27.65|in|cm}} in 2008.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081002/NEWS01/810020328/1006/news01&referrer=NEWSFRONTCAROUSEL] retrieved October 2, 2008</ref> The winter of 2009-2010 was the coldest on record since 1937 when records were first kept.<!---quite frustrating since no figures were given except to say that March was 6 degrees below average. They did not post the article online---><ref>{{Cite news| first=J.D. | last=Gallop | title=Finally! Spring rolls in today | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=20 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Planting season, which normally starts around February 14, came instead, six weeks later.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=Nurseries look for business warm-up | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100324/BUSINESS/3240322/1006/NEWS01/Brevard+nurseries+look+for+business+warm-up| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6C | date=24 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Some flowers and herbs are planted as early as January.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Sally | last=Scalera | title=Chilly weather ideal for gardeners | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110108/LIFE/101080302/Sally-Scalera-Brevard-County-s-chilly-weather-ideal-for-gardeners| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 4D date=8 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> December 2010 was the coldest December on record.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Andrew | last=Knapp | title=warm weather fun is over for Brevard | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 2B | date=12 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---no soft copy. They instead rewrote article which is strange and maybe reduces the truth of this statement---> ====Environment==== {{Main|Environmental issues in Brevard County}} [[File:Eel scrub.jpg|thumb|Pine flatwoods and sand pine scrub]] Brevard works together with the federal and state government to control pollution and preserve wetlands and coastal areas through lands dedicated to conservation and wildlife protection. These lands include [[Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge]], the [[Canaveral National Seashore]], the [[St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge]], the [[Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge]], several conservation areas managed by the [[St. Johns River Water Management District]], Brevard County's Environmentally Endangered Lands Program Sanctuaries,<ref name="About the EEL Program">[http://www.eelbrevard.com/ About the EEL Program]</ref> and lands dedicated by the State as conservation areas. ===Adjacent counties=== *[[Volusia County, Florida]] - north *[[Indian River County, Florida]] - south *[[Osceola County, Florida]] - southwest *[[Orange County, Florida]] - west *[[Seminole County, Florida]] - northwest ===Fauna=== [[Love bug]] season occurs twice annually in May and August–September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a four week period.<ref>[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0015-4040(197003)53%3A1%3C23%3ABOT%22PN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5 Biology of the "Love-Bug", Plecia Nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae)] accessed September 21, 2007</ref><ref>{{Cite news| first=Jim | last=Waymer| title=Lovebugs like it (your car) hot | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=3 May 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> [[Yellow flies]] are particularly noticeable from April through June.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=Conditions feed yellow fly furor | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100603/NEWS01/6030315/Conditions-feed-yellow-fly-furor| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=3 June 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There were 596 [[manatee]]s in Brevard in 2009, out of a total of 3,802 in the state. This is a decline from 2007 when there was a total of 859 out of a state total of 2,817.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=Manatees dying at a record pace | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20091212/NEWS01/912120314/Manatees-dying-at-a-record-pace| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=12 December 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---note that online reference does not include box with manatee census in it, as usual. It is in the hardcopy. Web page here only for general article support, not figures---> [[Turkey vultures]], a migrating species, are protected by federal law. They migrate north in the summer and return in September.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090923/NEWS01/909230326/1086/Vultures+migrate+back+to+Brevard Florida Today] retrieved September 23, 2009 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The county's most common winter bird is the [[lesser scaup]], a diving duck. In 2008, half a million were counted. In 2010, 15,000 were estimated.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Keith | last=Winsten | title=Brevard Naturally column:Cold weather brings real snowbirds around | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100220/LIFE/2200303/Brevard-Naturally--Cold-weather-brings-real-snowbirds-around| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 4D | date=20 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Local bird counts indicate that there are at least 163 species of birds in the county.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Jim | last=Waymer | title='Bird nerds' eager to scour area for figures | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=1 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The poisonous [[brown recluse spider]] is not native to the area but has found the environment congenial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcmsonline.org/pdf/may/SummerPerils.pdf |title=Beware the perils of summer |accessdate= |author=Susan Jenks |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2006-05-16 |year= |month= |work= Florida Today |publisher=Florida Today |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> The Florida Butterfly Monitoring Network has counted species of butterflies monthly for a year since 2007. In 2010, it counted 45 species.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Keith | last=Winston | title=Brevard Naturally:Citizen scientists collect vital information | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 4D | date=25 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ===Flora=== Oak trees, various grasses and juniper plants were sufficiently common to generate pollen noticeable by some people in February.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=Pollen season forecast to be a potent one | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110226/NEWS01/102260317/Pollen-season-forecast-potent-one-Brevard| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=1 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ==Government== Brevard county commissioners are elected by the public to establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who executes the will of the Commission. The county employed about 2,900 workers in 2009.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=news01] retrieved January 28, 2009</ref> The government under the jurisdiction of the county commission includes:Agricultural Extension Service, Central Services (contractual services for the government), Animal Services and Enforcement, Emergency Management, Facilities (support services for the government), Fire Rescue, Space Coast Government Television and Communications, Library Services, Utility Services, Information Technology, Human Resources, Mosquito Control, Housing and Human Services, Planning and Development, Natural Resources Management, Parks and Recreation, Public Works, Space Coast Area Transit, Solid Waste Management, and Tourism Development.<ref>{{Cite book |first = |last = |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = INSIDE Brevard County Government |publisher = [[Florida Today] |date = 2011 |location = Melbourne, Florida |pages = 24-37 |url = |doi = |id = |isbn = }}</ref> A centrally located County Government Center in [[Viera, Florida|Viera]] houses the various county government branches, including Housing and Human Services, Juvenile Justice, Public Safety, Public Works and Solid Waste Management. County and school board meetings are televised, and the public is present for all city and town council meetings. The various cities, towns and villages of Brevard have varying reliance on services provided by the Brevard County government. The Brevard County government had annual expenditures just over $1 billion in the fiscal year 2009-2010, exclusive of the municipalities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brevardcounty.us/budgetoffice/budget/2009_2010/pdf/summary%20by%20category.pdf |title=Budget FY 2009-2010 $1,093,543,028 |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2010-03-01 |year= |month= |work=TY 2010 Adopted Budget |publisher=Brevardcounty.us |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> <!---however separate article claims $217 million. do not understand why. The latter is more proportional to taxes. the one here must include garbage, grants, etc--> In 2009, real estate taxes for [[Homestead exemption|homesteaded property]] averaged .83% of the value of the property.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.taxfoundation.org/files/proptaxcounty__bypercentofhomevalue-2005-2008-20090924.pdf |title=Property Taxes on Owner-Occupied Housing, by County* Ranked by Taxes as Percentage of Home Value 2008 |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2010-03-16 |year= |month= |work= |publisher=taxfoundation.org |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> Real estate taxes are levied by each authority. They are collected by the County Tax Collector. The money is disbursed (for a typical Palm Bay resident) as follows: School Board 41%, City (Palm Bay for this case) 31%, County Commission 26%, Water Management Districts 2% and Independent special districts 1%. Money was spent by the country as follows: Constitutional officers 50%, County Commission 42%, state mandates 6%, outside agencies 1% and court services 1%.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Budget questions and answers | url=| work=Inside Brevard County Government | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 23 | date=1 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The total taxable real estate base was $33.7 billion in 2009.<ref name="countbud">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brevardcounty.us/budgetoffice/budget/2009_2010/pdf/general%20information.pdf |title=Brevard County School Budget 2009:General information |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> County taxes rose 26.5% in total per capita revenue from 2002–2007, and 49.8% in property tax per capita in the same time frame.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Joslin, J. |title = Revenue, population both grow | publisher = Florida Today | date = April 22, 2007}}</ref> Delinquent taxes were $36 million in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news| first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Tardy taxes rech record level | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= A1 | date=14 May 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Solid waste management budgeted $33.4 million in fiscal year 2008/9 for county waste, not including municipalities which contract separately.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Ad:Full cost of Solid Waste Services Fiscal Year 2008/2009 | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 2B | date=11 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2010 municipalities and the county charged from $9.74 to $14.95 monthly for solid waste disposal. Most disposal was contracted out by the municipality to private vendors. Titusville and Rockledge each had a municipal operation.<ref name="ft100523">{{Cite news| first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=Recyclers can scrap sorting | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100523/NEWS01/100522011/1006/Recyclers+can+scrap+sorting| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=23 May 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> [[File:Brevard County Cumulative Percent Growth from 1997.png|thumb|400px|Brevard County Cumulative Percent Growth since 1997]] The [[ex officio]] Space Coast League of Cities suggests legislation to its representatives. The Brevard [[Metropolitan Planning Organization]] (MPO) is composed of senior locally elected municipal and county officials. This local multi-jurisdictional agency decides where federal and state road money will be used.<ref>[http://www.brevardmpo.com Brevard MPO Home Page]</ref> Various elected officials call unofficial "town meetings" to allow the public to express their concerns about issues that the officials should address.<ref>[http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/news/Current_Newsletter/2003/MAY%2003%20CURRENT.pdf cityofcocoabeach.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.nbbd.com/Beacon/archives/040818/index.html County Commission election draws near]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indialantic.com/contents/news_let/2007/Rec02-07/Rec02_07.htm |title=Indialantic Record |date = February 2007|accessdate=2010-05-09}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The Brevard County Housing Authority acquires and leases housing projects; investigates housing conditions; determines where slums and unsafe housing exist and investigates conditions dangerous to the public. It is managed by citizens appointed by the county commission.<ref>[http://brfamha.org/about.htm About<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <!---Another bunch that needs merging ----> Brevard County has two unique election districts. One governs [[Port Canaveral]]; the other, the maintenance of the [[Sebastian Inlet (Florida)|Sebastian Inlet]]. The Canaveral Port Authority is an independent governmental agency created by the Florida Legislature. Five elected commissioners representing the five port regions are the governing body of Port Canaveral and have jurisdiction over all fiscal and regulatory policies and operations of the Port. The Authority sets policy and can levy taxes. They stopped levying an ad valorum tax on district residents, becoming only the second taxing authority in Florida to do so.<ref>[http://www.portcanaveral.com/general/authority.php portcanaveral.org]</ref> <!---This is true but can't find a good reference--Brevard County and beach towns have purchased access to the ocean and beaches. Developers and owners were not allowed to "wall off" ocean beach access.---> The county has hired a federal lobbyist to represent its interests.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=County hires lobbyist | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=20 March 2007 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Brevard expected to have 100,000-300,000 more people by 2020, an increase of 60%. This offers a challenge to local government to keep infrastructure ahead of growth, while preserving the environment. Based on the mid-point of the growth estimates, if Brevard has 200,000 new residents by 2020, taxpayers will have to meet a list of new requirements, including: 400 more police officers and 362 more firefighters; {{convert|25|gal}} million more per day of drinking water; 1,334 more teachers; 600 more jail beds. In 2009, the county expected to grow to 763,546 by 2030, a 42% increase.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Editorial:Protecting liquid gold | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 10A | date=15 April 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county got about $459 per resident in 2008 from the federal government. This ranks the metro among the bottom five metro areas that receive money based on population. This distribution is tied to income inequality.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Susanne | last=Cervenka | title=County near the bottom in federal funds received | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100309/NEWS01/3090322/1006/County+near+the+bottom+in+federal+funds+received| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=9 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ===Elected officials=== County Commissioners: <br>District 1 - Robin Fisher<ref name="brevardcounty.us">[http://www.brevardcounty.us/commission/ Board of County Commissioners Contact Page]</ref> <br>District 2 - Chuck Nelson<ref>[http://brevardelections.org/county.htm County Government Officials<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <br>District 3 - Trudie Infantini<ref name="brevardcounty.us"/> <br>District 4 - Mary Bolin <br>District 5 -Andy Anderson<ref name="brevardcounty.us"/> <br>County Manager - Howard Tipton<ref>[http://www.brevardcounty.us/county_manager/ Board of County Commissioners County Manager Page]</ref> Robin Fisher was elected in 2007 as the first black commissioner in the county's history. He became the first black chairman of the county commission in 2010. The chair normally rotates among the commissioners.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Fisher takes commission gavel | url=http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=361135&rc=lo| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=17 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The following are considered state officials but are elected and paid by the county: <br>Sheriff - J.R. "Jack" Parker <br>Clerk of the Courts - Mitch Needelman <br>Property Appraiser - Jim Ford <br>Tax Collector - Lisa Cullen <ref>[http://www.brevardtaxcollector.com/ Brevard Tax Collector Page]</ref> <br>Supervisor of Elections - Lori Scott <ref>[http://www.votebrevard.com/ Brevard County Elections Page]</ref> <br>State Attorney - Norm Wolfinger <br>Public Defender - James F. Russo In April 2007, the [[Florida Department of Law Enforcement]] seized documents from the office of the county appraiser in connection with an investigation into illegally re-appraising properties at lower values.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Torres, John A. |title = FDLE seizes appraiser's files | publisher = Florida Today | date = April 20, 2007}}</ref> Brevard County lies within [[Florida's 24th congressional district]] which seat is held by [[Sandy Adams]] and within [[Florida's 15th congressional district]] which seat is held by [[Bill Posey]]. ===Justice system=== ====Courts==== [[File:Brev justicecenter.jpg|thumb|Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Justice Center in Viera]] The county has centralized most [[County Court of the State of Florida|county]] and circuit courts in Viera which try a variety of cases including felonies, misdemeanors, traffic, and domestic. An elected [[State's Attorney]] prosecutes cases for the public. Defendants can be represented through the auspices of the office of the elected [[Public Defender]]. The [[Eighteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida|18th Circuit Court]] includes [[Seminole County, Florida|Seminole]] as well as Brevard and covers not only the court itself but the State's Attorney and the Public Defender.<ref>[http://sa18.state.fl.us States Attorney 18th Circuit Court] accessed January 19, 2008</ref> The County elects a [[Sheriff#Florida|sheriff]], immediately responsible to the courts but also to the state for the enforcement of state laws. Police chiefs, appointed by their cities or towns, perform the same function locally. There is no overlap in jurisdictions. Some volunteers work alongside paid professionals. Included are Citizens Offering Police Support (C.O.P.S.). C.O.P.S. volunteers work under the direction of the County Sheriff and play a part in the county's policing operations.<ref>[http://www.tarleton.edu/~english/tw/acrobat/3103/allen_report.PDF tarleton.edu]</ref> <!---Can't find a good online reference and don't know how important this is anyway.--Besides an auxiliary force who have no enforcement powers, both the Sheriff and Palm Bay have a reserve status for former officers who wish to work part time.---> Most municipalities are located on at least one waterway. This has resulted in the county and seven cities to have a boat or access to one to aid boaters, or enforce the law in the water in their jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite news| first=John A. | last=Torres | title=Keeping waterways safe | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100530/NEWS01/5300328/Boat-patrols-help-keep-waterways-safe| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A,9A |date = May 2010| id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---hard copy only has box scores from which these figures are taken. The soft copy contains only the companion article, not the "box" scores---> The county jail is a 1976 facility which rapidly became <!---true of course, but can't find decent reference with FlToday database no longer available---> overcrowded. When voters consistently turned down expanding the jail, the sheriff solved the problem by the construction of a large but less expensive "hardened tent" to house non-violent offenders. Crowding reached its peak in 2007 at 1,988 inmates, 300 over capacity. The budget for the facility was $42 million in 2010. There were 1,585 residents. Costs for feeding and housing was $72 per inmate daily. There were 475 staff members.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Jeff | last=Schweers | title=Inmate crowding under control | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110220/NEWS01/102200336/Brevard-County-jail-gets-inmate-crowding-under-control| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=20 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county jail retains prisoners who have been sentenced to a year <!---We need an all-Florida county description. This isn't unique to Brevard.----> or less. Longer sentences must be served in state prisons, such as the facility in Sharpes for young men. A unit of the [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], homeported at Port Canaveral, plays a role in preventing illegal immigration, and is an interdictor of drugs in the area. Brevard has a [[Drug Court]] to reduce the prison population resulting from drug issues.<ref>[http://www.flcourts.org/gen_public/family/drug_court/drgcrt_18.shtml Seventeenth Judicial Circuit]</ref> Drug Court programs adjudicate cases in which offenders are chronic substance abusers through an extensive supervision and <!---Since Drug Courts are common in Florida, need standard article to link to---> treatment regimen. Drug Courts require offenders to acknowledge their problems with substances and provide him/her with tools and mechanisms to deal with their addictions, in an effort to reduce or eliminate future criminal conduct. The Drug Court program utilizes a team approach to serve the offenders and the team consists of a judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, treatment specialists, supervision officers, law enforcement agencies, corrections officials, and others. In exchange for successfully completing this intensive program, the Court may dismiss the charge, reduce the sentence, or offer a combination of other incentives. The police have estimated that 85% of drug dealers and prostitutes are themselves under the influence of drugs or are users trying to get money to purchase drugs.<ref>{{Cite news| author = Dodson, Laura |title = Two Brevard communities reclaimed from criminals | publisher = The Florida Catholic | date = April 6–12, 2007}}</ref> <!---Another one that I can't footnote without Florida Today---> Melbourne led the nation in [[Methylenedioxymethamphetamine|MDMA]] seizures in 2005. <!---Area below is new and will need merging ---> Brevard [[Legal Aid]] provides general, civil and domestic violence legal services to low income persons.<ref>[http://brevardcountylegalaid.org/index.html BCLA]</ref> Providers consist of five staff attorneys, three paralegals and 300 volunteer attorneys who offer [[pro bono publico|pro bono]] assistance to referred eligible clients. Victims of domestic violence receive immediate need legal assistance with injunctions for protection through a partnership project with the Women's Center and the domestic violence shelters. There is a local chapter of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU).<ref>[http://www.legalfreedom.com/brevardaclu/ Brevard Chapter, ACLU of Florida]</ref> In May 2005, the ACLU accused local police and Sheriff's offices of attempting to intimidate protests by conducting surveillance and filming them. As a result, authorities stopped the practice except for good cause. The county justice system has faced criticism for its reliance on since-discredited dog handler [[John Preston (dog handler)|John Preston]] as an expert witness in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090621/news01/906210319&template=printart|publisher=Florida Today|date=June 21, 2009|title=Dog handler led to bad evidence: Calls grow for reinvestigating cases from 1980s|author=JOHN A. TORRES and JEFF SCHWEERS}}</ref> Brevard County paid Preston over $37,000 as a consultant in the first half of 1984. The State's Attorney's Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services.<ref>[http://sa18.state.fl.us/vicsvcs/vicwit.htm Victim/Witness Services]</ref> This provides advocates to victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance <!---Again, lack of FlToday database prevents me from citing a ref for the number helped ---> or counseling they might need. In 2005 they helped 8,448 victims in Brevard County. ====Juvenile justice==== The Rainwater Center for Girls, a day program for girls ages 12–18 who are referred by the Department of Juvenile Justice, offers education, vocational training, counseling, life skills, cultural arts activities, recreation, and community service focused on the developmental needs of girls.<ref>[http://crosswindsyouthservices.org/home/pages/RainwaterCenterforGirls.cfm Rainwater Center for Girls]</ref> The Department of Juvenile Justice refers selected youths to the Space Coast Marine Institute (SCMI).<ref>[http://www.spacecoastmarineinstitute.org/homepage.html Space Coast Marine Institute: Who are We?]</ref> The SCMI is a six to eight month moderate security residential facility for juvenile boys ages 14–18 who have committed around 4-12 crimes. The young men arrive at the institute with little or no self-esteem and have experienced minimal positive interaction with adults and peers. The mission of SCMI is to address their by providing a scheduled curriculum of academic, vocational and mental health awareness activities. In addition to a personalized academic education, the daily schedule includes programs that build self-confidence and a greater understanding of the world around us. Juvenile delinquents are sometimes remanded to the Brevard Sheriff's Ranch in Rockledge, a small ranch with buffalo and other animals requiring <!---Website ref is incredibly uninformative. Little for Brevard--> care.<ref>[http://www.youthranches.org/mission.htm Mission Statement]</ref><ref>[http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm/bay/search.summary/orgid/3703.htm Florida Sheriffs Youth Ranches]</ref> Reentry Brevard contracts with a contractor, often non-profit, to provide halfway services to youth conditionally released from <!---Lousy ref. The only one I could find online---> prison.<ref>[http://www.djj.state.fl.us/QA/programreports/conrelease2006/eckbrevard.pdf djj.state.fl.us]</ref> A pilot program was started in 2007,<!---Crosswinds Youth Services--> involving family counseling and not jail. It had 79% success in keeping juveniles from re-offending in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Editorial:Keeping teens out of jail | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110301/OPINION/110228021/-1/pluckpersona/Our-views-Keeping-teens-out-jail-March-1-?odyssey=nav|head| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 7A | date=1 March 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110228/NEWS01/102280311/1006/rss01/Family-therapy-keeps-Brevard-County-teenagers-out-jail Florida Today]</ref> ===Probation services=== The county decided to privatize probation services in 2010, to save money. Savings are expected to exceed $211,000 annually. The department cost $2.86 million to operate in 2009. The former service employed 30 people. The new service, over 30, including most of the former employees.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=County to privatize probation services | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101220/NEWS01/12200310/1086/breakingnews/County+to+privatize+probation+services| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 13A | date=20 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ===Public services=== ====Public safety==== Public safety for unincorporated areas of the county is the responsibility of the Brevard County Sheriff's Office. All but three of the 17 incorporated municipalities, Malabar,Cape Canaveral and Palm Shores, maintain their own law enforcement services. Those three contract that service to the Sheriff's Office.<ref>http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Florida/palmshores_fl/townofpalmshoresfloridacodeofordinances?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:palmshores_fl</ref> Of the 14 remaining municipalities, the Melbourne Police Department and Palm Bay Police Department have historically been the largest in the county, often surpassing each other in numbers of sworn officers.<ref>http://www.palmbayflorida.org/police/careers/officer.html</ref><ref>http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/keyword/brevard-county-sheriff</ref> Public safety for Port Canaveral is under the direction of the Port Authority. Traditionally, emphasis was placed on monitoring the content of containerized cargo on incoming ships, as well as underwater inspection of arriving ships that could be carrying explosive devices. In 2008, the Canaveral Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved the creation of an independent police department.<ref>http://www.portcanaveral.com/general/news/releases/04232009.php</ref><ref>http://www.portcanaveral.com/general/police.php</ref> <!---Please ensure that all information is first placed into BEOC article before placing here. ---> The [[Brevard Emergency Operations Center]] (EOC) provides Homeland Security for the Space Coast.<ref>[http://embrevard.com/ Brevard County Emergency Operation Center]</ref> The EOC coordinates information regarding the occurrence or threat of any disaster or emergency threatening the safety of the County residents. The EOC uses telephone, television, and the Emergency Services of the County Sheriff, the City Police and Fire Departments to provide coordinated management of all services for cataclysmic events such as Hurricanes, Floods and Terrorism. The EOC has successfully conducted mass evacuation and relief of hundreds of thousands of residents from hurricanes since 1999 including two in 2004. Residents living on the barrier island and in manufactured homes were ordered to evacuate.<ref name="fl100527"/> The [[USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619)]], a Coast Guard Cutter home-ported at USCG Station Port Canaveral stops potentially threatening commercial shipping prior to reaching the coast. In 2010, there were 36,922 boats registered in the area. This number has dropped annually for the past four years.<ref>{{Cite news| first=John A. | last=Torres | title=For fourth year, boat registration fall | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100517/NEWS01/5170313/For-fourth-year-boat-registrations-fall| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=17 May 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> A few of these are of continuing concern to CG authorities.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Moore, Kimberly C. |title = Coast Guard calls for GPS, ID rules to keep track of boaters | publisher = Florida Today | date = November 25, 2007}}</ref> <!---Florida Today had a nice article on disarming bombs found towards Sebastian where various training crews dropped live bombs during WWII, some of which failed to go off. FlToday no longer online so can't find it.----The area has been saturated with live bombs during World War II and thereafter.{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} The US Army 766th Ordnance Company ([[Bomb disposal|Explosive Ordnance Disposal]]) disarms and safely explodes bombs when they are located.---> Evacuation routes were insufficient to handle the resulting heavy traffic westbound when an emergency was declared. A major westbound route (US 192) was expanded in 2008 to four lanes to accommodate the south Brevard population.<ref>[http://www.brevardmpo.com/projects/des_cst.htm Design & Construction Projects - This page Under Construction. Information may change.]</ref> In 2004, hurricanes destroyed one in every hundred homes in the South County area. Within two blocks of the beach nearly every building sustained some damage. Barefoot Bay, a mobile housing development, was essentially destroyed.<ref>[http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20040927-0035-jeanne-barefootbay.html Hurricane Jeanne left few homes unscathed in huge Florida mobile home park]</ref> Winds tore off the roof of a shelter for special needs people in an elementary school.<ref>[http://www.palmbeachpost.com/storm/content/news/epaper/2004/09/27/a21a_melbourne_0927.html Southern reaches bore brunt of winds]</ref> Emergency Workers were forced to evacuate these people at the peak of the storm. In September 2005, 1,400 survivors of [[Hurricane Katrina]] took refuge in the county. Experience with hurricanes [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]], [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]] and [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]] in 2004 prompted the formation of the Brevard Long Term Recovery Coalition, consisting of [[United Way of America]] officials and other emergency-needs experts.<ref>[http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organization.asp?tn=507795 BREVARD LONG TERM RECOVERY COALITION]</ref> They recorded the experiences Brevard had developed to restore services after the storms struck. In fall 2005, they passed information they had learned along to [[Gulf Coast]] planners attempting to recover from Katrina. The media has estimated that 26,000 people who would need evacuation have not volunteered this information to Emergency Officials. In the past people have tended to postpone evacuation notification until after the causeways and bridges have been closed and no evacuation is possible. <!--- So what? ----> The county posts lifeguards at 26 towers at various beach front parks during the peak season, five towers year around, four of the latter in Cocoa Beach.<ref name="fl110105">{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Official:Winter lifeguards a waste | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110105/NEWS01/101050340/Official-Winter-lifeguards-a-waste| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A, 3A | date=5 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There are 17 lifeguards throughout the year; 100 seasonally, March through October; 46 at any one time.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Keyonna | last=Summers | title=Ocean safeguarding season in fun swing | url=http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=310829&rc=ne| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=27 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county is {{convert|72|mi|km}} long and most areas cannot be protected. The scope of responsibility for the lifeguards include accident and drowning prevention, public education, citizen assist, search and recovery of lost children, basic life support, and swimmer rescue. There have been 98 reported shark attacks in the county since 1882. The last fatality was in 1934.<ref>{{Cite news| first=John A. | last=Torres | title=Shark bites foot of tourist, 11 | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20091125/BREAKINGNEWS/91125003 | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=25 November 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Ten drownings in 2007, prompted [[Forbes magazine]] to include the area in "World's Most Dangerous Beaches." In turn, this resulted in the county commission starting year around lifeguarding.<ref name="fl110105">{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Official:Winter lifeguards a waste | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110105/NEWS01/101050340/Official-Winter-lifeguards-a-waste| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A, 3A | date=5 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There are two [[United States Coast Guard Auxiliary|Coast Guard Auxiliary]] Flotillas which offer boating safety courses.<!---they all do, I suppose---> North Brevard stands second in the state and the nation with 22,000 lightning strikes annually.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080626/NEWS01/806260333/1006/news01&referrer=NEWSFRONTCAROUSEL Florida Today] retrieved June 26, 2008 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Every two years there is an average of one person killed and three people injured from lightning.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Michelle | last=Spitzer | title=X-rays offer a new look at lightning | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101223/NEWS01/12230317/1006/Florida+Tech+professor+uses+X-rays+to+look+at+lightning| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A, 2A | date=23 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> <!---Should this be organized with transportation, highways? --> Highway fatalities have decreased nationally, but by 2001, had increased in Florida and locally. Officials were focused on setting and enforcing speed limits and widening the local turnpike. The flatness of the area prevented runoff during rainstorms and caused cars to hydroplane. The highway department has taken measures to re-engineer roads to avoid hydroplaning.<ref>[http://www.gannett.com/go/newswatch/2001/february/nw0216-1.htm FLORIDA TODAY REPORT EXAMINES DANGERS OF INTERSTATE 95 -- LEGISLATORS DEMAND BARRIERS; OFFICIALS LOBBY FOR MORE TROOPERS]</ref> Fatalities reached a high of 99 in 2007. In 2009 there were 51 fatalities.<ref name="ft100207">{{Cite news | first=Kaustuv | last=Basu | title=Officials cite safer cars, seat belts | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=7 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There are 64 firestations in the county, 28 of which are run by various cities, and 33 by the county.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Fire stations | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today Fact Book | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 26 | date=28 March 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brevardcounty.us/fire_rescue/fr_ops_fire_stations.cfm |title=Fire Rescue Fire Stations |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2009-12-27 |year= |month= |work= |publisher= Brevard county|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref><!--assume there are now more city stations or maybe less stations overall. Snapshot taken for county and city at different times---> There are 435 firefighters working for the county.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Lee | last=Nessel | title=16 fire-rescue officers receive promotions | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 5B | date=8 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> A station completed by the county in 2011, cost $2.3 million.<ref>{{Cite news | first=J.D. | last=Gallop | title=Fire Station 48 opens | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110301/NEWS01/103010311/Fire-Rescue-Station-48-opens-Viera?odyssey=tab|topnews|text|Home| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=1 March 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, there were 1,200 law enforcement officers working in the county, of which 361 are sheriff's deputies.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Police chase grants, but there's a catch | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=3 April 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Of all crime that came to the attention of the sheriff's office in 2007, 80% was drug-related.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Klyne | last=Nowlin| title=Sheriff Faces Tough Challenges | url=| work= | publisher=Intercom (Military Officers Association of America) | location=Patrick AFB, Florida | pages= 11 |date = April 2008| id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---Sheriff Jack Parker in a speech to MOAACC--> From January to June 2009, the county reported a total of 10,037 crimes. Of these, a majority, 3.002, were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff's department.<ref name="ft101015">{{Cite news | first=Andrew | last=Knapp | title=Crime rate decreases 5.5% | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101016/NEWS01/10160312/1006/Crime+rate+decreases+5.5+percent| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=16 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, the crime rate was 3,471.3 property-related crimes per 100,000 residents, slightly above the national average.<ref name="ranking">{{Cite news| first=Wayne T, | last=Price | title=Ranking Brevard | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100321/BUSINESS/3210313/Ranking-Brevard| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=21 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> A local [[Project Lifesaver]] can tag at-risk adults and children with locator devices. This allows guardians to track wandering people with Alzheimers, dementia, autism, etc.<ref>[http://www.mbpd.org/Project%20Lifesaver.htm Project Lifesaver]</ref> ====Public health==== The [[Florida Department of Health|state]]<ref>These are often misidentified as "County" medical</ref> has three public health locations in the county which give immunization shots, provide health information, and track and report on serious diseases or conditions, like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, encephalitis, and [[West Nile virus]].<ref>[http://www.doh.state.fl.us/chdBrevard/directory/maps.htm Locations and Maps - Brevard County Health Department]</ref> There have been several cases of West Nile in the 21st century. All victims recovered.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Andrew | last=Knapp | title=West Nile virus confirmed | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101008/BREAKINGNEWS/101008020/Brevard-woman-has-West-Nile-virus| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=23 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The area was once named "Mosquito County."<ref>[http://www.floridanetlink.com/brevard.php Map of Brevard County]</ref> [[Mosquitos]] carry serious diseases, including encephalitis. Brevard County Mosquito Control reduces the mosquito population by many means including adulticiding, larviciding, source reduction, aquatic weed control, waste tire abatement, disease monitoring (of chickens and mosquito-susceptible animals,) environmental monitoring, and biological control of mosquitoes.<ref>[http://countygovt.brevard.fl.us/mosquito/ countygovt.brevard.fl.us]</ref> Brevard is among the top 100 counties in the US for asbestos-related deaths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewg.org/sites/asbestos/tables/deathdetails_top100.php |title=Government Statistics on deaths due to Asbestos-related diseases |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2010-04-02 |year= |month= |work= |publisher=Environmental Working Group |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> While no one has ever died from it in Brevard County, animal [[rabies]] is prevalent, often carried in this area by [[raccoon]]s.<ref>[http://www.brevardcounty.us/newsdocs/0703HDrabies.pdf brevardcounty.us]</ref> Public announcements and public awareness appear to have prevented fatalities. In 2005, a woman died from flesh-eating bacteria ([[Necrotizing fasciitis]]) that she contracted from the [[St. Johns River]]. Two or three cases are typically reported in the county each year. An ocean condition known as "[[red tide]]" occasionally affects people beachside. This occurred in November–December 2007 and November–January 2002.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Waymer, Jim |title = Red tide-related ailments may return with onshore winds | publisher = Florida Today | date = December 6, 2007}}</ref> In 2010, there were 22 dentists out of 298 in the county that accepted [[Medicaid]] patients.<ref name="fl100209">{{Cite news| first=Susan | last=Jenks | title=Pulling for kids | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100209/LIFE01/2090309/Pulling-for-kids| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1D | date=9 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---note that the "box score" from where these figures were taken exist only in print version, not the online version which accompanied the article---> In 2010 there were 56,800 people on Medicaid; with 34,494 children that were eligible for Medicaid; in the county that were eligible for Medicaid.<ref name="fl100209"/><!--note that the article did not claim that all the children that were eligible were actually signed up--->.<ref>{{Cite news | first=MacKenzie | last=Ryan | title=Medicaid tightens its grip on funding | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=26 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!--second ref is for 56,800 people signed up---> In one study in 2010, the county was ranked 23 out of 67 Florida counties for health outcomes.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Susan | last=Jenks | title=Brevard in top 3rd of healthy counties | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100221/NEWS01/2210322/Brevard-in-top-3rd-of-healthy-counties| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=21 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ====Public recreation==== [[File:na col.jpg|thumb|Boardwalk over wetlands area at Chain of Lakes in Titusville]] More than 200 parks, 3 campgrounds, and 6 public golf courses in the county are managed by local government agencies. Offering residents and visitors a range of leisure opportunities, the parks include athletic complexes, community centers, aquatic centers, nature centers, trails, conservation areas, beach parks, historic sites, and boating and fishing access to lakes, the Indian River Lagoon and the St. Johns River.<ref>[http://www.brevardparks.com/index.php County Parks & Recreation]</ref><ref>[http://brevardparks.com/parks_other/index.php Directory of City Parks]</ref> In 2000, Brevard County voters approved bond referendums that provided funding for construction or improvement of over 50 county parks in North Brevard, Merritt Island, and South Brevard. Citizen Committees and Advisory Boards identified community recreational needs. These projects were submitted by the Recreation Advisory Boards to the Board of County Commissioners to be included in the referendum. While some projects are as simple as improved playground equipment, other projects are of a regional nature requiring extensive community planning, permitting and land acquisition. In November 2006, the Board of County Commissioners provided taxpayers the opportunity to vote on issuing additional bonds. The voters approved the additional bonds and with no tax rate increase resulting, because the millage previously approved generates the revenue to repay both sets of bonds.<ref>[http://www.brevardparks.com/referendum/index.html Parks Referendum Projects]</ref> In 11 sanctuaries that protect natural ecosystems, the county's Environmentally Endangered Lands (EEL) Program offers passive recreation opportunities such as hiking, wildlife viewing, biking and paddling. In conservation areas managed by the [[St. Johns River Water Management District]], recreational opportunities include hiking, bike and equestrian trails, camping, boating and fishing. Although the District's main goal of buying land is to protect water resources, these lands protect plant and wildlife habitat and provide areas for public recreation and environmental education.<ref>[http://www.sjrwmd.com/recreationguide/index.html SJRWMD Recreation Guide]</ref> The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge<ref>[http://www.fws.gov/merrittisland/ Merritt Island Nat'l Wildlife Refuge]</ref> and the Canaveral National Seashore<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/cana Canaveral Nat'l Seashore]</ref> are 2 national wildlife refuges in the county that offer recreational pursuits such as hiking, wildlife viewing, paddling, and environmental education. ====Libraries==== The county centrally controls all 17 libraries in the county.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Test, Linda |title = The Fact Book: Libraries near you | publisher = Florida Today | date = February 24, 2007}}</ref> There are 900,000 volumes.<ref>[http://www.brev.org/about_bcl/administration/about_bcl.htm About Brevard County Libraries]</ref> One library card is valid at all locations, and materials are loaned between locations through a daily courier service and outside the library system via Inter-Library Loan. Periodical subscriptions stand at about 2,250. The libraries own over 18,000 videos and 21,000 sound recordings. Personal computers for public use are hooked up to broadband in all libraries. In 2010, there were 207 full time workers. The operating budget was $16.4 million.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Private library plan off the table | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101103/NEWS01/11030325/1086/Private+library+plan+off+the+table| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=3 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 1989, the main library moved to a building contributed by Florida Today. It was the first in the county to discard the card catalog.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Cocoa | url=http://www.brevardcounty.com/Play/Recreation/cocoa-library-to-celebrate-20th-anniversary| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 2B | date=17 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ====Social services==== {{Main|Brevard County Social Services}} Brevard County tries to provide a number of unique services to help the aged, juveniles, the physically and mentally handicapped, and minorities. The [[Brevard Family of Housing]] uses federal money to help create and maintain affordable housing. ====Utilities==== The county-run water department had 66,000 residential and commercial customers in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Utility Services | url=| work=INSIDE Brevard County Government | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 28 | date=1 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ==Elections== {{Refimprove|date=December 2008}} {| align="center" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ '''Presidential elections results''' |- bgcolor=orange ! Year ! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ! [[Third Parties|Other]] |- |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2008|2008]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''54.5%''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|44.2% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|1.3% |- |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''57.7%''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|41.6% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|0.8% |- |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''52.8% ''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|44.6% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|1.8% |- |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1996|1996]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''45.1%''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|41.2% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|13.6% |- |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1992|1992]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''43.2%''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|31.2% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|25.6% |- |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|[[U.S. presidential election, 1988|1988]] |align="center" bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''70.3%''' |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|28.8% |align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|0.9% |} ===Registration=== In 2010, there were 154,057 registered Republicans, 130,214 registered Democrats, and 73,549 other.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Dave | last=Burman | title=Turnsout may hit 60 or 70 percent | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101028/NEWS05/10280311/Turnout-heavy-for-early-voting| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=28 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---there is supe of elections site that updates this every 10 days or so---> Voter turnout in 2010 was 55.8%, the second lowest in 28 years.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Andrew | last=Knapp | title=Voter turnout not as high as expected | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101103/NEWS05/101103001/Voter-turnout-not-as-high-as-expected| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 11A | date=3 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ===Municipal government=== There are 16 autonomous municipal governments within the county. Cape Canaveral, Cocoa, Indian Harbour Beach, Melbourne, Palm Bay, Rockledge, Satellite Beach, Titusville, and West Melbourne, all have [[city council]]s. Cocoa Beach has a city commission. Grant-Valkaria, Indialantic, Malabar, and Palm Shores have [[town council]]s. Melbourne Beach and Melbourne Village have town commissions. The municipal decision-making bodies have from 5 to 7 members. The terms of office vary from 2 years in Indialantic and Melbourne Village to 4 years. Cape Canaveral, Cocoa, Malabar, Melbourne, Melbourne Beach, Palm Bay and Satellite Beach have [[term limits]]. The remainder do not. Cocoa, Malabar, and Melbourne have geographic districts for council members. The remainder elect their members [[at-large]].<ref>{{Cite news | first=Dave | last=Berman | title=Former candidate wants voting change | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101228/NEWS01/12280319/Former-candidate-wants-voting-change-in-Titusville| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=28 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---soft copy does NOT contain the chart from which the above was taken and is furnished for support only---> ==Economy== The county Domestic Product was $14.5 billion in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Editorial:A growth industry | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2010101222017| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8A | date=23 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> <!---strictly speaking should be in metro article not here---> In 2010, the [[Brookings Institution]] reported that Brevard ranked in the bottom fifth of the nation's top metro areas, based on unemployment, gross metropolitan product, housing prices and foreclosed properties.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=Slow Fla. recovery forecast | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100317/BUSINESS/3170326/Slow-Fla.-recovery-forecast| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6C | date=17 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Foreclosures reached a monthly high of 963 in March 2009.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Sketchy paperwork echoes in Brevard | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101017/NEWS01/10170327/1006/news01/Sketchy+foreclosure+paperwork+echoes+effects+in+Brevard| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=17 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Government purchasing contributed 12%-15% of the county's gross domestic product from 2000 to 2010.<ref name="floridatoday.com">[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100926/COLUMNISTS0207/9260332/1086/MATT+REED++5+ways+Brevard+economy+defies+Dems++GOP]</ref> ===Personal income=== As of the census of 2000: * Median income for a family - $47,571 * Median income for males - $36,542 * Median income for females - $24,632 * [[Per capita income]] - $21,484. The [[Florida locations by per capita income|county has the 17th highest per capita income in the state]] (out of 67). * Median income for a household - $40,099 * In 2005, the median income for a household had risen to $43,281<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Brevard+county&_cityTown=Brevard+county&_state=04000US12&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010 Brevard County, Florida]</ref> The county ranked 17th for per capita income, out of Florida's 67 counties. The following were below the [[poverty line]] in 2000: * Families - 6.80% * Total population - 9.50% * Under age 18 - 13.00% * Age 65 or older - 6.50% In 2011, almost 70,000 people in the country were receiving [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|food stamps]].<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=A snapshot of our economy | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=27 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There were 5,600 civilian government workers in the county. They earned an average of $74,000 each in 2009.<ref name="Pay freeze affect 5,600 in Brevard">{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Pay freeze affect 5,600 in Brevard | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101130/NEWS01/11300315/1006/Federal+pay+freeze+affects+5+600+in+Brevard| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=30 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> 38% (84,401) households in the county received [[social security]] payments in 2009 averaging $16,136 for a total of $1.7 billion annually. 24% (53,717) received pension payments averaging $24,327 for a total of $1.3 billion annually.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Retirees bring in the bucks | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=201012190315| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=19 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---date differs between soft copy (12/20) and hard copy. But they are identical articles---> ===Housing=== <!---going to need some consolidation sooner or later---> Monthly foreclosures exceeded 746 from January 2009 through October. Maximum monthly home sales were less than 584 during that time frame, creating an accumulating backlog of unsold homes.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Keilani | last=Best | title=Despite challenges, year provided hope and entertainment | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 1E | date=20 December 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2010, there were 15,000 more vacant homes than the economy could absorb; the population was not growing.<ref name="floridatoday.com"/> Nearly 44,943 new houses were built from 2000 through 2009. This was enough to house 112,000 people. However, only 60,000 people moved into the county, leaving the remaining homes vacant and helping to precipitate bursting the [[United States housing bubble]].<ref>{{Cite news| first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Landlords feel heat in market | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100214/NEWS01/2140317/Landlords-feel-heat-in-market| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 1A | date=14 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2000, there were 198,195 households in the county and 222,072 units for a occupancy rate of 89.1%. Between 2000 and 2009, more than twice as many houses were built than were needed. Nearly 47,000 houses were built, but the number of households increased by 22,000, dropping the occupancy rate to 81.9%.<ref name="fl101205">{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Tenants on rise | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101205/NEWS01/12050326/Brevard-tenants-on-rise| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=5 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Housing vacancy rate hit a high of 18.8% in 2007. The number of households renting hit a low of 48,528 in 2005. Median monthly rent hit a high of $907 in 2008. In 2009, 73% of Brevard households owned the house they lived in. The national rate was 65.9%.<ref name="fl101205">{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Tenants on rise | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101205/NEWS01/12050326/Brevard-tenants-on-rise| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=5 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county's median home price reached a high in August 2005 at $248,700.<ref>''Florida Today'', March 22, 2007, page 7A</ref> New home permits fell in 2007 to 1,894, the lowest since 1982.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Florida Today|date=January 20, 2008|title=New home permits in Brevard hit lowest level in 25 years|author=Staff authored}}</ref> Sales of existing homes fell 19% in 2007 from the prior year to 373 monthly. The median drop in home prices was 50% from 2005 to 2008, from $248,700 to $125,200. However, when choices for smaller homes was eliminated, prices on individual homes fell 25%; down 33% for individual condos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.floridatoday.com/content/databases/allsales.shtml|title=Changing home values|work=Florida Today}}</ref> In 2000, the median sale price of homes in Brevard was $100,000. With the collapse in the [[United States housing bubble|housing bubble]], homes now are often about the same price, with median homes in 2009 selling for $89,400.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20091108/BUSINESS/91108001&referrer=FRONTPAGECAROUSEL |title=$100K homes dominate the market |accessdate= |author=John McCarthy |date=2009-11-08 |work= Florida Today |publisher=Florida Today |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref><!---need to think about moving some of this stuff out to "history." Getting a bit crowded in here---> In November 2010, the number of sales and prices of existing homes rose from the previous year. This was the first rise in 4 1/2 years.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Brevard home prices rise | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101223/BUSINESS/12230306/1006/NEWS01/Brevard+home+prices+rise| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8C | date=23 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In a separate study, a consulting firm determined that house prices in the county were 46.1% overvalued in 2005 at $212,000 average. The same firm determined that prices were 19.3% undervalued in 2008 at $129,400.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Anne | last=Straub | title=Home prices undervalued | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 1F | date=31 May 2009 | accessdate=}}</ref> The average price in December 2009, fell to a new recent low of $104,100. In January 2010, sales dropped to 434 monthly, also a recent low.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Adam | last=Lowenstein | title=Car sales drive local economy | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 1E | date=14 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2008, a number of mortgage insurers [[blacklisted|blackmarked]] Brevard, along with a quarter of the total nations zip codes. This was intended to thwart potential buyers who wish to pay less than 20% down on a home.<ref>{{Cite news| author = Staff and wire reports |title = Insurers strike homebuyers | publisher = Florida Today | date = March 21, 2008}}</ref> In 2009 an economist said that the Brevard housing market will not recover until at least 2011.<ref>Orlando economist Hank Fishkind. See next footnote</ref><ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090109/BUSINESS/901090311/1006/NEWS01]{{Dead link|date=June 2010}} retrieved January 10, 2009</ref> A later analysis in 2009 seemed to agree, saying that the market would fall 41.4% to bottom out by the end of 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/home/2009/01/07/housing-cities-realestate-forbeslife-cx_do_0107realestateweak.html|title=America's 25 Weakest Housing Markets|last=Orr|first=Deborah|date=01.07.2009|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=January 23, 2009}}</ref><!---article was a bit ambiguous saying once that it needed to fall 41.4% from the top and later, 41.4% from where it was at the start of 2009. This is too painful to insert without a little more clarification---><!---while the article says "Palm Bay" it clearly meant the metro area BTW so we don't get off that easy. Sorry---> In 2008 Brevard expected to have 100,000-300,000 more people by 2020, an increase of 60%. In 2008, there were 1,550 permits for residential projects valued at $355.45 million. That is the lowest number of filings since 1975.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090203/BUSINESS/902030308/1006/NEWS01]{{Dead link|date=June 2010}} retrieved February 4, 2009</ref> The lowest number of building permits was in 2009, 937. The highest was in 2005, 8,663.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Home starts rise but not by much | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110114/BUSINESS/101140315/Home-starts-in-Brevard-rise-see-slight-rise| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8C | date=14 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Annual foreclosures rose from a low of 1,144 in 2005 to 9,228 in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Foreclosure filings keep coming | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 8C | date=30 March 2009 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> From 2007 to March 2010, there were 25,600 foreclosure filings.<ref name="reform">{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Editorial: Reforming Wall St. | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100402/OPINION/100401016/Our+views++Reforming+Wall+St.+%28April+2%29| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | page= 12A | date=2 April 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2010, it was found that 1/3 or more of real estate sales were due to foreclosures.<ref>{{Cite news | first= | last= | title=Editorial: The crisis continues | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2010101020020| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 10A | date=21 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2010 [[Kiplinger|Kiplinger.com]] rated the county one of five "best" places in America to retire. Factors evaluated included cost-of-living, weather, the number of doctors, taxes, crime rates and recreational opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100824/NEWS01/8240318/Kiplingers-puts-Brevard-back-on-best-place-list |title=News |accessdate= |author=John McCarthy|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2010-08-24 |year= |month= |work= Florida Today |publisher=Florida Today |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> ====Communities==== Three communities have either decided or are considering placing <!---When footnoting, need to state which communities---> electric lines most vulnerable to high winds, underground despite the high cost. Cape Canaveral and Satellite Beach have declared a moratorium on converting commercially zoned areas to residential. The company developing West Viera gained state permission and county acquiescence to create a self-governing board that could raise taxes and sell bonds to pay for roads, water lines, pumping stations and other infrastructure needed to support the construction of 16,500 houses, apartments and condominiums. The company proved that development could fund itself. ===Industry=== <!---Some of the following will need to be moved below---> The Brevard economy has been driven by Trade, Transportation and Utilities <!---Great header, I think ---> (18%), Professional and Business Services (17%), Total government (15%), Education and Health (14%), Manufacturing (12%), Leisure and hospitality (10%), Construction (6%), Financial (4%). In 2005, [[Inc. (magazine)|Inc. Magazine]] voted the Space Coast as the best place to do business in Florida and sixth in the country. In 2004, Brevard County ranked 13th out of 318 largest counties in the US for increase in the number of jobs. The county moved from 70 to 31 out of the top 200 metropolitan areas "Best Performing." This improvement was driven mainly by job growth. Port Canaveral is the world's busiest cruise port. It is served by seven cruise lines. They have six major cruise terminals. There is {{convert|750000|ft2}} of covered freight storage capacity. It handled {{convert|4000000|ST}} of cargo in 2004. The port has boosted Brevard's economy by $500 million annually. [[American City Business Journals]] rated Brevard 7th for quality of life out of 67. Two hospitals were among the top five private employers in the county. Together employing 8,850 in 2009.<ref name="countbud"/> In 2008, 14,865 workers were employed at the NASA/Kennedy Space Center. The Center directly spent $1.82 billion in the county.<ref name="countbud"/> A concern has been the probable re-assignment of thousands of space coast workers when the shuttle is discontinued in 2010. In 2010, 9,000 jobs were expected to be lost from the shuttle and other programs.<ref>{{Cite news| author= Neale, Rick | title= From bad to worse |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100226/NEWS0204/2260321/1227/news0204/23+000+now+expected+to+lose+jobs+after+shuttle+retirement| publisher= [[Florida Today]] | date= February 26, 2010}}</ref> Each launch contributed $4 million to the county's economy. Annually,$78 million is spent at the Space Center Visitor's Complex, and $5.9 million from space business visitors.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Keilani | last=Best | title=more than space | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=7 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> [[Harris Corporation]], headquarters in the county, has the most employees in the private sector, 6,700 in 209.<ref name="countbud"/> Two locally headquartered builders, [[Mercedes Homes]] and Holiday were among the top 30 in the nation. Mercedes had $1 billion in sales in 2004. The Cocoa Redevelopment Center has worked on programs to improve housing in the city's older areas. Inc. magazine selected two local small companies as among the fastest growing in the country over the past 3 years - Applied Global Technology (nearly 100% annually) and Stops (nearly 200% annually). Though the area has a relatively small number of high technology companies, 736, a business journal ranked it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=Florida Tech, KSC are technology assets | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 11A | date=15 May 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county had 1,050 restaurants in 2007 and nearly that many (1,040) in 2010. There were 22.600 leisure and hospitality workers in the county in 2006. This figures includes hotel workers. That figure had dropped 8.5% to 20,700 in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Keilani | last=Best | title=Eateries feel heat | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=17 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!--probably should move workers to "labor" if there is such a subsection--> ====Military==== Military installations in Brevard County include [[Patrick Air Force Base]], near [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]], [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] (CCAFS), adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, and the U.S. Air Force Malabar Test Facility on Minton Road in<!---Isn't this a tracking station for NASA run by the USAF?---> suburban Palm Bay. In 2009, they employed a total of 2,000 civilian federal workers.<ref name="Pay freeze affect 5,600 in Brevard"/> The Navy maintains a Trident turning basin at Port Canaveral for [[Ballistic Missile Submarine]]s. The [[Naval Ordnance Test Unit]] (NOTU) tests weapons on these subs which arrive at the rate of one a month. The [[Base Realignment and Closure, 2005|2005 Base closures]] included realigning NOTU out of state. The community was successful in getting this decision revoked. CCAFS houses the [[Air Force Space & Missile Museum]] as [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 26|Launch Complex 26]], <!---Well more than just that. Needs at least one more sentence here---> where many unmanned rockets were launched early in the U.S. space program including ''[[Explorer 1]]'', the first US spacecraft placed in earth orbit. The Cape Canaveral [[Navy League]] council supports the Sea Services <!---Probably should be deleted---> by adopting ships and units of the Navy and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]]. It also provides a means for civilians to socialize with the officers and crew of allied Navies when they visit port. [[Northrup Grumman]] develops the military [[E-8 Joint STARS|JSTARS]] electronics surveillance system used in all major US conflicts since 1990. The {{USS|Brevard|AK-164}} was a World War II Alamosa-class naval cargo ship that was decommissioned shortly after the war.<!---I placed this here, but maybe it would be better in the history section?---> ====Agriculture==== 23% of Brevard County is agricultural-usable for citrus, raising cattle or horses. Cattle ranches include the [[Deseret Ranch|Deseret]] and Duda Ranches; citrus growers include Victory Groves and Harvey's Indian River Groves. The county ranked 21 out of 24 Florida counties in the shipment of gift fruit. In 2009, [[aquaculture]] was a $900,000 business in the county.<ref name="disaster">{{Cite news| first=Jenet | last=Krol | title=USDA declares Brevard County primary disaster area | url=http://www.myhometownnews.net/index.php?id=66890| work= | publisher=Hometown News:The Beaches | location=Fort Pierce, Florida | pages= A4 | date=19 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county produces more than 25% of all [[Callinectes sapidus|blue crab]]s along Florida's East Coast.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rick | last=Neal | title=County pays to preserve waterfront | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100224/NEWS01/2240330/1006/County+pays+to+preserve+Merritt+Island+waterfront| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=24 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> There are 40 [[4-H]] related clubs in the county including livestock- and pet-related and after school clubs.<ref>[http://www.nbbd.com/npr/4H/index.html nbbd.com]</ref> As in all [[Cooperative extension service]], a [[land grant college]], the University of Florida, conducted over 60 courses in 2010 in aid of 4-H programs and other agricultural pursuits.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Brevard County Extension Classes 2010 | url=http://brevard.ifas.ufl.edu| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= | year= 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In February 2010, the [[USDA]] declared that Brevard, along with of 59 other Florida counties, was a "primary natural disaster area." This happened when the temperature falls below {{convert|28|F|C}}c degrees for 4 hours, where crops are being grown.<ref name="disaster"/> ====Tourism==== In 2008, tourists spent $2.89 billion in the county. This is distributed in several categories: lodging $839 million, eating and drinking $509 million, Kennedy Space Center $597 million, Retail sales $450 million, entertainment $120 million, and Port Canaveral $109 million.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Tourist dollar dreams | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=19 April 2009 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> Brevard tourists come mainly from ten states: Florida itself is first, followed by Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin, Georgia, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. The five primary sources of foreign visitors are: Canada, England, Germany, China and Italy.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=More tourists may not mean more buying | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 3E | date=19 April 2009 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> 1.6 million people visited the Space Center Visitor Complex in 2008.<ref name="countbud"/> In 2009, there were 2.4 million overnight visitors in the county. There were 1.2 million day visitors.<ref>{{Cite news| first=R. Norman | last=Moody | title=Redevelopment plan brews in Cocoa Beach | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110114/NEWS01/101140325/Redevelopment-plan-brews-in-Cocoa-Beach | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=14 January 2011 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> Brevard competes with other Florida areas for tourists. A number of organizations help promote the area. The Space Coast Office of Tourism consists of county staff and the Brevard County Tourist Development Council (TDC). They attempt to attract tourists. The TDC serves as an advisory council to the county on the expenditures of revenues received from a tourist tax. This revenue is spent on beach improvements, visitor information centers and website,<ref>[http://www.space-coast.com//] Florida's Space Coast</ref> promotion and advertising, the [[Brevard Zoo]], additional beach improvements and the Space Coast Stadium. In 1964, the Colt 45s started spring training at Cocoa Stadium. The team later became the [[Houston Astros]]. The team left the county in 1985. They were succeeded by the [[Florida Marlins]] at Viera in 1993. $97.7 million has been spent on beach replenishment in the county between 2000-2010. This was funded 58% by the federal government, 27% by the state and 15% by the county.<ref name="ft100307">{{Cite news| first=Jim | last=Waymer | title=The plan for sand | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/print/article/20100307/news01/3070320/Long-denied-renourishment-because-of-worm-beach-finally-may-get-bulked-up| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=7 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2008 monthly tourist tax revenue slumped from a high of $1,174,742 in March to a seasonal low in September of $432,145.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Tourism tax wanes | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8C | date=30 March 2009 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> In 2004, Brevard experienced its best October and November tourism until then, despite widespread hurricane damage and loss of five beachside hotels. Four of these hotels were restored by 2006. In 2008, the county had 11,000 hotel rooms available. In July 2007, there was a 66.1% occupancy rate.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Bakancia, Donna |title = Brevard hotels strive to attract guests as summer nears and new facilities open | publisher = Florida Today | date = April 27, 2008}}</ref> In 2008, the county had a nearly identical 81%+ occupancy rate in March and April. This fell to a seasonal low of 42.3% in September.<ref>{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Room occupancy could pick up | url= | work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8C | date=30 March 2009 | id=| accessdate=}}</ref> In January 2010, the average hotel room rate was $88.25.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Adam | last=Lowenstein | title=Car sales drive local economy | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=14 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ''Cocoa Main Street'', a member of the Florida and [[Main Street Programs in the United States|National Main Street Programs]], works toward restoring business sites in the historic area known as "Cocoa Village." ''Cocoa Main Street'' has received six Florida Main Street Awards given by the Secretary of State. The restored area is a tourist attraction and an economic magnet.<ref>[http://www.cocoamainstreet.com/] Cocoa Main Street</ref> ''Melbourne Main Street'' is another historic business area and tourist attraction restored through the Main Street Programs.<ref>[http://www.downtownmelbourne.com/] Melbourne Main Street</ref> Brevard has five judged art festivals annually attracting tens of thousands of people to art displays. Most festivals are held in the spring or fall when many tourists can attend. Many other annual festivals are held in parks and public sites throughout the year. The Brevard Cultural Alliance (BCA) maintains an event calendar<ref>[http://www.artsbrevard.org/events/] BCA Cultural Events Calendar</ref> and a map of sites of historic, cultural, and ecological interest.<ref>[http://www.artsbrevard.org/resources/map.html] BCA Arts Map</ref> A annual February Greek Festival had over 8,000 visitors in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Britt | last=Kennerly | title=Greek Festival brings good spirit | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110227/NEWS01/102270321/Greek-festival-Melbourne-brings-good-spirits| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 7B | date=27 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---38th annual---> For Brevard County businesses, fishing tournaments, such as the Wal-Mart FLW Redfish Series tournament in August, bring more than $2.5 million a year in direct spending and more in indirect spending. Tournaments provide a revenue source for the county and local businesses.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The annual Grant Seafood Festival attracts as many as 50,000 people for the two day February event. It is the Southeast's largest and longest running seafood festival.<ref>[http://www.grantseafoodfestival.com] Grant Seafood Festival</ref> The Globe Sebastian Inlet Pro surfing contest, on the county line, draws 16,000 visitors the second weekend in January.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} An ice skating rink in Rockledge serves the county's residents and visitors with hockey and figure skating events.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Dowling, Lyn |title = IcePlex gets new owners | publisher = Florida Today | date = January 14, 2008}}</ref> The largest home in Brevard is the 50-room {{convert|19000|ft2}} mansion in [[Suntree]] built in 1991 and once owned by [[Cecil Fielder]].<ref>{{Cite news| first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Mansion hits the block | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100519/NEWS01/5190342/Suntree-mansion-hits-the-block| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=19 May 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, recreational boat owners generated almost $51 million annually towards the county economy, ranking the industry fifth in the state.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=Boating's economic impact steady | url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/floridatoday/access/1956691801.html?FMT=ABS&date=Feb+07%2C+2010| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=7 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ====Competitiveness==== In 2010 a local group compared the county against four other "peer" cities:[[Austin, Texas]], [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]], [[Huntsville, Alabama]], and [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]. It evaluated nine areas: business dynamism/vitality, competitiveness, education, economic growth, economic prosperity, livability, productivity/labor supply, technology and innovation/work force. While the county does well against national figures, and scored high in livability, it usually ranked last against these "peers" in the other eight areas.<ref name="ranking">{{Cite news| first=Wayne T, | last=Price | title=Ranking Brevard | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100321/BUSINESS/3210313/Ranking-Brevard| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=21 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, the county had 13 patents per 1,000 workers, more than double the national average of 6.4 patents per 1,000.<ref name="ranking"/> In 2009, ''Forbes'' ranked the county 18th out of 100 [[MSA]]s and first out of 8 metros in Florida for affordable housing, and short commute times, among others.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Wayne T. | last=Price | title=Forbes:Brevard's got bang for buck | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20091208/BUSINESS/912080318/Forbes-magazine-says-Brevard-one-of-America-s-best-places| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=8 November 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---the measurement was called "Big Bang for the buck, which hardly sounded encylopedic. So I Left it out--> In August 2009, ''Florida Trend'' rated two Brevard companies, Harris Corporation<ref>[http://www.floridatrend.com/article.asp?aID=51437] "Best Large Companies - 2009". Florida Trend.</ref> and Health First Health Plans,<ref>[http://www.floridatrend.com/article.asp?aID=51438] "Best Midsized Companies - 2009". Florida Trend.</ref> in their rankings of the best places to work in Florida. In May 2009, the Palm Bay-Melbourne area was ranked as the #8 tech center in the United States by [[Bizjournals]]. It overcame its low number of total high-tech companies and jobs by having a high number of jobs per high tech company (#4) and high tech jobs compared to total private-sector jobs (#2).<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/edit_special/79.html] G. Scott Thomas (May 11, 2009). "San Jose leads as America's top tech center". bizjournals.</ref> <!---It's possible that some of this should be under Labor---> The Milken institute ranked Brevard number one, out of 200 largest metropolitan areas, in overall job growth for 2005. ''Forbes'' magazine ranked Melbourne 2nd out of 150 metropolitan areas in the US, for the percentage of the population that are engineers, <!---Need year as well as footnote---> 6.6%, just ahead of Silicon Valley. Brevard County's unemployment rate fell to a record low 2.8% in December 2005. It reached a maximum employment of254,514 in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Health will lead in jobs outlook | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110109/BUSINESS/101090317/Finding-jobs-Health-will-lead-in-openings| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A,9A | date=9 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2006, ''[[Forbes magazine|Forbes]]'' magazine named Harris Corporation, headquartered in <!---check on redundancy---> Brevard, to its "Platinum 400" List. The Technological Research and Development Authority, based on the Space Coast, delivers technologies to schools and small businesses throughout the State of Florida. They obtain this information through strategic alliances with NASA, the federal government, the aerospace industry and state partners. They also sponsor a business incubator at the [[Melbourne International Airport|Melbourne Airport]]. The [[National Association of Realtors]] reported that existing homes prices in Brevard rose 33% annually the third quarter of 2005, <!---Boy, this is outdated. Badly needs to be replaced.---> the sixth highest metropolitan area in the nation (out of 147). There was a slight decrease in existing home prices the last quarter of 2005. In January 2005, [[CNN]]/[[Money]] ranked the homes in "Palm Bay", perhaps referring to all of the Space Coast, as "49% overvalued" and within 10% of the most overvalued homes in the United States. In 2005, the [[Sunrise Bank]] of Cocoa Beach became the first bank in the state to have a mobile branch. The largest hotel in Brevard has 284 rooms and {{convert|30000|ft2}} of meeting space.<!---Radisson of the Port. Too small to compete with Orlando--><ref>{{Cite news| first=Wayne T. | last=Price | title=As Orlando slumps, so does Brevard | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 3E | date=28 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---Florida Today declined to post local figures to the online article ---> ===Labor=== <!---desperately needs updating to reflect high unemployement in 2009---> Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the largest employer in the county with 15,000 contractors and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Halvorson, Todd |title = KSC chief says more tech work needed | publisher = Florida Today | date = May 12, 2007}}</ref> While there is concern about the new generation of space vehicles requiring 1/3 fewer workers, about that number are eligible for retirement by 2011. Unions represented at KSC include [[American Federation of Government Employees]], [[International Association of Machinists]] and [[International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers]]. Brevard County Teachers are represented by the Brevard Federation of Teachers ([[American Federation of Teachers|AFT]]). In 2009, average annual salaries in the county for engineers was $90,563; [[registered nurses]] $53,315; education $49,441; police officers $43,035; cooks $21,569; and cashiers $19,489. The average annual pay for all workers was then $42,411.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Patrick | last=Peterson | title=High-paying jobs scant outside KSC | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101128/NEWS01/11280317/High-paying-jobs-scant-outside-KSC| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6A | date=28 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2005, the Next Generation Consulting for Leadership Brevard, a leadership development organization for local business and civic groups, and Brevard Tomorrow commissioned a survey of people 21-44. Basically, these people often found the area "boring", mainly because it is family-friendly at the expense of being singles-friendly. While this may have labor repercussions later, currently business is having no problems hiring. The county had an unemployment rate of 12.7% in January 2010, a 20-year record high.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Wayne T. | last=Price | title=Jobless at 20-year high | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100311/BUSINESS/3110309/Jobless-at-20-year-high| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6C | date=11 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In March 2010, there were 33, 500 people out of work.<ref name="reform">{{Cite news| first= | last= | title=Editorial: Reforming Wall St. | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100402/OPINION/100401016/Our+views++Reforming+Wall+St.+%28April+2%29| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 12A | date=2 April 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county experienced a record low unemployment in 2005 of 2.8%.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Annette | last=Clifford | title=A little help goes a long way for kids during holidays | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101205/COLUMNISTS0103/12050311/Annette-Clifford-A-little-help-goes-a-long-way-for-kids-during-holidays| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1D | date=5 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In early 2005, Forbes ranked the area 27th in job growth out of 150 metropolitan areas in the country. The county ranked 18th in the nation for mid-sized areas in 2006.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Price, Wayne T. |title = Brevard's ranking slips, but it's still a boomtown | publisher = Florida Today | date = May 1, 2007}}</ref> Manpower Employment Outlook Survey said the hiring outlook in Brevard for the last quarter of 2005 was the 19th-best in the nation among the 470 communities participating in the survey. 2004 Hurricane recovery helped the area achieve high employment.<!---now part of "history"?---> There were 168,500 private sector jobs in the county in 2009. The [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] counted the following workers in Brevard along with average annual pay ($): Retail 25,900 ($23,361), Manufacturing 21,700 ($65,521), Local government 20,100 ($42,517) and Hospitality 19,600 ($15,857). The largest local employer is [[Brevard Public Schools]] with 9,500 of whom 5,000 are teachers.<ref>{{Cite news| first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Laboring over jobs | url=http://m.floridatoday.com/BETTER/news.jsp?key=289844| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1E | date=17 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!--box scores containing private sector breakdown not available for confirmation online. Print version only---> ===Banking=== The Space Coast Credit Union is the largest locally-based financial institution in Brevard and the largest credit union in the state with assets of $1.44 billion.<ref>[http://www.corillian.com/corporate/news/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&articleid=280 Space Coast Credit Union to Strengthen Its Online Banking with Corillian Consumer Banking]</ref><ref>{{Cite book| author = Sonnenberg, Maria|title = Union Label | publisher = Florida Today | date = April 8, 2007}}</ref> ==Demographics== As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were in the county: * People - 476,230 people * Households - 198,195 * Families - 132,394 * [[population density]] - 181/km² (468/sq&nbsp;mi) * Housing units - 222,072 * Average housing density - 84/km² (218/sq&nbsp;mi) The population grew about 50,000 between 2000 and 2005. From 2005 to 2009, it grew by about 10,000. This helped lead the county to a housing bubble crisis since homes were built to accommodate a larger population. From 2007 through 2010, the population has been essentially static.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Builders see lower costs | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110114/BUSINESS/101140315/Home-starts-rise-but-not-by-much| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 7C | date=14 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> The county's population is larger than that of the state of [[Wyoming]]. The racial makeup of the county was: * [[Race (United States Census)|White]] - 84.81% * [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]] - 10.40% *[[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] - 4.61% * two or more races - 1.77% * [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]] - 1.50% * [[Race (United States Census)|other races]] - 1.09% * [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]] - 0.37% * [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]] - 0.06% There were 198,195 households out of which 26.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84. The population was distributed as follows: 22.00% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males. In 2007, 30% of the population was over 55.<ref>{{Cite book| author = Kim, Eun Kyung |title = Law's impact increases with age | publisher = Florida Today | date = December 17, 2007}}</ref> In 2010, the oldest person in the county was a 110 year old Titusville man.<!---Albert Plummer---><ref>{{Cite news | first=Dave | last=Berman | title=At 106, woman enjoying life | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101023/NEWS01/10230317/1006/rss01| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=23 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, there were 5,172 births in the county.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Rick | last=Neale | title=1961's 'baby' wears his title with pride | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110101/NEWS01/101010316/1006/news01/1961+s++baby++wears+his+title+with+pride| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A,2A | date=1 January 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2009, two percent of the people in the county are over 85.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Susan | last=Jenks | title=Devices help elderly remain in their homes | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=20101050306| work=Florida Today | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 4D | date=5 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!--note that although url is given, statistics are taken from box scores which DO NOT appear online. Actual values can be validated from print media only--> In 2009, there were 130,508 people 60 and over in the county.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Sara | last=Camodeca | title=Community kitchen by the numbers | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100204/NEWS01/2040324/1086/Kitchen+raising++dough+| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1B | date=4 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---as always, "box scores" are omitted from online edition and are only available in print---> 9.50% of the population and 6.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.00% of those under the age of 18 and 6.50% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. In 2010, 10% were living in poverty compared with 13% statewide.<ref name="ft101215"/><!---ref is for the last statement only---> In 2005, the [[Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area]], which consists solely of Brevard County, was estimated to stand 91st in population out of 263 in the country.<ref>See [[List of United States metropolitan areas]].</ref> In 2006, the county stood 10th in population in the state, out of 67.<ref>''Florida Today'', March 22, 2007, page 1A</ref> The increase in population from 2000 was 11.8%, less than the Florida average of 12.7%. In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide.<ref name="ft101215"/> In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%,<ref name="ranking"/> but the same as the rest of Florida.<ref name="ft101215"/> 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100929/NEWS01/9290347/Brevardians-hit-the-engineering-books]</ref> According to the 2000 census, the county had about 80,000 veterans. 21% of the population older than 18 is a veteran.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090306/NEWS01/903060329/1006/rss01] retrieved March 6, 2009 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> This had dropped to 74,000 in 2010. This was 21% of the people in the county.<ref>{{Cite news | first=R. Norman | last=Moody | title=Service a way of life for one Navy family | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101111/NEWS01/11110314/Service-a-way-of-life-for-one-Navy-family| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=11 November 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> An actual count by a local agency in 2010 indicated that 225 of veterans were homeless.<ref>{{Cite news| first=R. Norman | last=Moody | title=Steppingstone for vets | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100215/NEWS01/2150309/1086/Melbourne+housing+facility+puts+homeless+on+path+to+independence| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=15 February 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---information with actual figure in it is in "box" available only in print edition---> In 2007, a local census by volunteer counted 1,899 homeless residents.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rick | last=Neale | title=Grant money clears way for homeless count | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100111/NEWS01/1110309/1006/rss01| work=Florida Today | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 8A | date=11 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In the 1950s, the county population was just under 24,000. In 1960, just over 111,000. In 1969, at the height of the space program, it was 234,000.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rebecca | last=Basu | title=Cocoa's class of 1950 shares life stories at reunion | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100314/LIFE/3140303/Cocoa-s-class-of-1950-shares-life-stories-at-reunion| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1D | date=14 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref><!---really need old censuses here every ten years like cities---> In 2010, about 5% of Brevardians speak Spanish at home.<ref name="ft101215">{{Cite news | first=MacKenzie | last=Ryan | title=Census data notes makeup of towns | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20101215/NEWS01/12150324/Census-data-notes-makeup-of-towns| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=15 December 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> In 2010, 8% of Brevardians were born outside of the US, compared with 19% for Florida.<ref name="ft101215" /> ==Health== The Brevard Alzheimer's Foundation is unique for being a local organization only. It has three adult daycare service locations and often provides transportation and funding.<ref>www.brevardalzheimers.org</ref> The Space Coast Early Intervention Center is a nationally recognized not-for-profit pre-school and therapeutic center that offers care and aids with the development of small children with special needs.<ref>[http://www.sceic.com/_site2005/home_template.php SCEIC]</ref> Children are treated and educated with the specific goal of mainstreaming children diagnosed with the following into public school: [[Down syndrome]], [[William's syndrome]], [[Cerebral palsy]], [[22q11.2 deletion syndrome|Deletion syndrome]], [[Pervasive developmental disorder|PDD]]s including [[Rett syndrome]], [[Autism]], and [[Apert syndrome]], as well as children with visual, speech and hearing delays. Health Outreach Prevention & Education (HOPE) is a network of community partners working together to provide care for people without insurance, and for children with special needs. This network includes hospitals. Brevard introduced (2005-6) a Federally approved experimental Medicaid program which puts volunteering 60+ years olds in an HMO-like organization in order to save money. The non-profit Circles of Care provides mental health programs to Brevard.<ref>[http://www.circlesofcare.org/current/locate.html Circles of Care: Physical Locations]</ref> Dialing [[2-1-1]] in the county gives response to people in crisis and/or needing information about community resources.<ref>[http://www.211brevard.org/home/pages/helpline.cfm 2-1-1 Helpline]</ref> Space Coast Center for Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: Peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment and sign language interpreter coordination services.<ref>[http://ese.brevard.k12.fl.us/ICB/SCCIndLiving.html Space Coast Center for Independent Living (SCCIL)]</ref> Additional program for high school students for career development. There are ten hospitals in the county, with 1,734 beds total.<ref>{{Cite news | first=John | last=McCarthy | title=Hospital draws many job seekers | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110204/BUSINESS/102040314/Hospital-draws-many-job-seekers| work= | newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 6C | date=4 February 2011 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> Health First is the largest healthcare provider in the county consisting of three not-for-profit hospitals—Cape Canaveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, and Palm Bay Community Hospital in Palm Bay. Besides hospitalization, services include outpatient centers; the county's only trauma center; home care; specialized programs for cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, and rehabilitative services; central Brevard's largest medical group; three fitness centers; and Medicare Advantage, commercial POS, and commercial HMO health plans. Health First tries to integrate quality healthcare services with state-of-the-art technology.<ref>[http://www.health-first.org/ Health First]</ref> Harmony Farms runs "[[Horses and the Handicapped]]", a [[Therapeutic horseback riding|therapeutic riding program]] located on the [[Duda Ranch]] in Viera.<ref>[http://www.harmonyfarmsinc.com/ HARMONY FARMS, INC.]</ref> [[Parrish Medical Center]], a 210-bed hospital, has been named America's No. 1 Healing Hospital for the third straight year by the [[Baptist Healing Trust]].<ref>[http://www.parrishmed.com/ Parrish Medical Center]</ref> Health care services tend to cost more in Brevard than Orlando or the statistical average in Florida. A nursing home private room averaged $79,023 annually, semi-private $74,643, private one-bedroom assisted living $39,000. A home health aide, medicare-certified was $88,660 was substantially higher than the Florida average of $51,480. Adult day care (44 hours) was cheaper at $12,870 annually as was a home health aide "licensed-only" $38,896.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Staff and Wire Reports | last= | title=Health care services | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 10C | date=1 May 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> According to 2007 health risk data from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], Brevard County ([[Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area|Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville MSA]]) is tied for fourth highest among all [[Micropolitan Statistical Area|Micro]]- and [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]s in percentage of heavy drinkers.<ref>[http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/BRFSS-SMART/MMSARiskChart.asp?MMSA=215&yr=2007&qkey=4413&cat=AC&grp=0 SMART: BRFSS City and County Health Risk Data] Heavy drinkers are adult men having more than two drinks per day and adult women having more than one drink per day</ref> ==Cities and towns== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} ===Incorporated=== *City of [[Cape Canaveral, Florida|Cape Canaveral]] *City of [[Cocoa, Florida|Cocoa]] *City of [[Cocoa Beach, Florida|Cocoa Beach]] *Town of [[Grant-Valkaria, Florida|Grant-Valkaria]] *Town of [[Indialantic, Florida|Indialantic]] *City of [[Indian Harbour Beach, Florida|Indian Harbour Beach]] *Town of [[Malabar, Florida|Malabar]] *City of [[Melbourne, Florida|Melbourne]] *Town of [[Melbourne Beach, Florida|Melbourne Beach]] *Town of [[Melbourne Village, Florida|Melbourne Village]] *City of [[Palm Bay, Florida|Palm Bay]] (formerly Tillman) *Town of [[Palm Shores, Florida|Palm Shores]] *City of [[Rockledge, Florida|Rockledge]] *City of [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]] *City of [[Titusville, Florida|Titusville]] *City of [[West Melbourne, Florida|West Melbourne]] ===Unincorporated=== {{col-begin}} {{col-break|width=20%}} <!---- comment out places that most likely will never have articles *[[Allenhurst, Florida|Allenhurst]] ---> *[[Angel City, Florida|Angel City]] *[[Aurantia, Florida|Aurantia]] <!---- *[[Aurora, Florida|Aurora]] *[[Ballard Pines, Florida|Ballard Pines]] ---> *[[Barefoot Bay, Florida|Barefoot Bay]] *[[Bellwood, Florida|Bellwood]] <!---- *[[Bonaventure, Florida|Bonaventure]] ---> *[[Canaveral Groves, Florida|Canaveral Groves]] <!---- *[[City Point, Florida|City Point]] ---> *[[Cocoa West, Florida|Cocoa West]] <!--*[[Deer Run]]---Deer Run is a neighborhood, at best. Brevard documents refer to it as an "Equestrian Subdivision." New developments do not rate a slot here unless they are "old" generally accepted names. See http://199.241.8.125/index.cfm?FuseAction=MinutesRecords.View&BoardMinute_id=894 --> {{col-break|width=20%}} *[[Courtenay, Florida|Courtenay]] <!---- *[[Delespine, Florida|Delespine]] *[[Dummit Cove, Florida|Dummit Cove]] *[[Dummit Grove, Florida|Dummit Grove]] *[[East Mims, Florida|East Mims]] ----> *[[Eau Gallie, Florida|Eau Gallie]] *[[Floridana Beach, Florida|Floridana Beach]] <!---- *[[Footman, Florida|Footman]] *[[Frontenac, Florida|Frontenac]] *[[Georgiana, Florida|Georgiana]] ---> *[[Indianola, Florida|Indianola]] {{col-break|width=20%}} <!---- *[[Indian River City, Florida|Indian River City]] *[[Jay Jay, Florida|Jay Jay]] ---> *[[John F. Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy Space Center]] *[[June Park, Florida|June Park]] <!---- *[[Kings Park, Florida|Kings Park]] *[[La Grange, Florida|La Grange]] ----> *[[Lotus, Florida|Lotus]] *[[Melbourne Shores, Florida|Melbourne Shores]] *[[Melbourne Village, Florida|Melbourne Village]] *[[Merritt Island, Florida|Merritt Island]] *[[Micco, Florida|Micco]] {{col-break|width=20%}} *[[Mims, Florida|Mims]] *[[Patrick Air Force Base|Patrick Air Force Base]] *[[Pineda, Florida|Pineda]] *[[Port St. John, Florida|Port St. John]] <!----- *[[Rockwell, Florida|Rockwell]] ----> *[[Scottsmoor, Florida|Scottsmoor]] *[[Sharpes, Florida|Sharpes]] <!---- *[[Sherwood, Florida|Sherwood]] ----> *[[Shiloh, Florida|Shiloh]] <!---- *[[South Cocoa Beach, Florida|South Cocoa Beach]] ---> *[[South Patrick Shores, Florida|South Patrick Shores]] {{col-break|width=20%}} <!----- *[[Southmere, Florida|Southmere]] *[[Sunnyland Beach, Florida|Sunnyland Beach]] ----> *[[Suntree, Florida|Suntree]] *[[Tropic, Florida|Tropic]] <!---- *[[Turnbull, Florida|Turnbull]] ---> *[[Viera, Florida|Viera]] <!----- *[[West Eau Gallie, Florida|West Eau Gallie]] *[[Whispering Hills, Florida|Whispering Hills]] *[[Wiley, Florida|Wiley]] *[[Williams Point, Florida|Williams Point]] *[[Wilson, Florida|Wilson]] ----> {{col-end}} ===Former place names=== {{Main|Former place names in Brevard County, Florida}} There are place names currently used, or used at one time by the USGS. Some are early developments, others are former stations along the main line of the [[Florida East Coast Railway]]. Several of these disappeared when Kennedy Space Center took over their area. ==Education== {{main|Education in Brevard County, Florida}} Higher education is provided by [[Brevard Community College]] (BCC), and[[Florida Institute of Technology]]. There are satellite campuses for the [[University of Central Florida]], [[Barry University]], [[Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University]], [[Keiser University]], and [[Webster University]]. Elementary and secondary education is provided by the Brevard Public Schools and private education. ==Sports== ;Minor league baseball Brevard County is the home of the [[Brevard County Manatees]], the [[Minor_league_baseball#Class_A|Class-A]] Affiliate of the [[Milwaukee Brewers]]. In 2009, the Space Coast Surge, a member of the [[Florida Winter Baseball League]] has the Cocoa Stadium as their home stadium.<ref>[http://www.spacecoastsurge.com Space Coast Surge]</ref> ;Major league baseball The [[Washington Nationals]] hold their [[spring training]] at [[Space Coast Stadium]] in [[Viera, Florida|Viera]].They play about 14 games against other professional teams locally in March as part of the "Grapefruit" League.<ref>''Grapefruit League'',Florida Today, February 28, 2007</ref> ;Professional Basketball The [[Brevard Blue Ducks]], members of the [[USBL]], played their home schedule at the Clemente Center at Florida Tech. They have changed their home city more times than any other USBL team. They have been in Brevard since 2002. In 2007 the Clemente Center opted not to extend the team a lease of its facilities, prompting a cancellation of the season.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} ;Minor League Football Brevard County is home to the [[Brevard Warriors]], a minor league football team whose first season was 2008-2009 and in that first year climbed the Minor League Football ranks to #2 in the country, and won its Southeast Football League Championship 45-10 over the Central Florida Thoroughbreds while finishing the season 14-1.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} The Brevard Rams and Space Coast Predators are scheduled to play as members of the [[Florida Football Alliance]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/content/blogs/fitness/2009/09/semi-pro-football-space-coast-predators.shtml |title=Semi-pro football Space Coast Predators |accessdate= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=14 |year=2009 |month=September |work=Florida Today |publisher=Gannett |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> ;Amateur sports Aside from school-sponsored sports, there are youth leagues for basketball,<ref>{{Cite news | first=George | last=White | title=Youth basketball gets into full swing | url=| work=South Beaches Breeze | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 3 | date=6 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> football, soccer, lacrosse, gymnastics,<ref>{{Cite news | first=George | last=White | title=Brevard gymnasts shine in Orlando competition | url=| work=South Beaches Breeze | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 7 | date=13 January 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> and baseball.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | title= | url=| work=South Beaches Breeze | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= various | date=30 December 2009 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== {{Main|Brevard County Transportation}} Brevard County has transportation available in the usual modes for a coastal county - highways, shipping, and airlines. Public transportation is provided by [[Space Coast Area Transit]].<ref>[http://www.ridescat.com]</ref> ===Power=== [[Florida Power and Light]] maintains an oil-fired generating plant at [[Sharpes, Florida|Sharpes]]; it generates 800 megawatts, supplying most of the requirements for the county. In 2008 the company announced plans to replace the plant with a more efficient natural gas-powered plant in 2013 with a 1,250 megawatt capacity which can supply 250,000 homes or businesses.<ref>[http://partners.marketcenter.com/cboe/news/story.action?id=KRO122e1174&symbol=&count=10 FPL Company News] retrieved May 4, 2008</ref> Nearby FPL's plant is the Indian River Power Plant; formerly owned by the [[Orlando Utilities Commission]], it is now owned and operated by [[RRI Energy]]. ===Communication=== The [[area code]] for most of the county became "[[Area code 321|321]]" in 1999, as in the "3...2...1... lift-off!" countdown sequence. A small portion of the county along the southern border, including the communities of Micco and Barefoot Bay, share a [[Area code 772|772 area code]] with [[Indian River County, Florida|Indian River County]] to the south. ==Media== ===Newspapers=== ''[[Florida Today]]'' is the major daily newspaper serving Melbourne, Brevard County and the Space Coast region of Florida. It is owned by the media conglomerate [[Gannett]]. The monthly newspaper, ''El Playero'', serves the Spanish-speaking population of the Space Coast. The weekly ''Home Town News'' is a free newspaper, supported by advertising, that has versions in other Florida counties. It presents local news. The ''Brevard Technical Journal'' is the industry monthly newspaper for business management, engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and staff. It features news & features about the business and the science of technology in Brevard County - Florida's Space & Technology Coast. ===Radio=== {{Melbourne, Florida radio}} ===Television=== Most of Brevard County receive cable television from [[Bright House Networks]]. [[Comcast]] serves the Micco and Palm Bay areas in southern Brevard County. Local stations licensed to or located in Brevard County include: <!---unfortunately we have to exclude stations without articles. Okay to stub station ----> *[[BPS-TV]] <!--- stubbed out for lack of article. Note that once all of these are at least stubbed, we can set up a separate section in List of television stations in Florida and list ourselves there *Channel 15 NASA Select, Space Launches and News *Brighthouse 1 or 99/Comcast 26 - Space Coast Government Television *Channel 22 WMJV *Channel 31 WSCF ----> *Channel 43 [[WOTF-TV]] ([[Telefutura]]) *Channel 52 [[WHLV-TV]] ([[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]]) *Channel 68 [[WBCC]] ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]) ===Films and TV=== The following films were filmed (in parts) in Brevard County:<ref>[http://m.floridatoday.com/news.jsp?key=230981 Florida Today]</ref> *''[[Matinee (film)|Matinee]]'' (1993), filmed in Cocoa Village and Cocoa Playhouse * ''[[Apollo 13]]'' (1995), ''[[Contact (film)|Contact]]'' (1997), ''[[Armageddon]]'' (1998), and ''[[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]'' all utilized Cape Canaveral or Kennedy Space Center facilities. *''[[The Number 23]]'' shot scenes on the shore of [[Cocoa Beach]]. *''[[Marvin's Room (film)|Marvin's Room]]'' (1996) was filmed in [[Rockledge]]. *''[[Nightmare]]'' (1981) horror film shot in [[Merritt Island]], [[Cocoa, Florida|Cocoa]], [[Cocoa Beach]] and [[Titusville]] *'' [[A Night in Heaven]] was filmed in Titusville *''[[Things Behind the Sun]]'' (2001) by independent filmmakers [[Allison Anders]], raised in Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral, and Kurt Voss *''[[Space Cowboys]]'' (2000) *Portions of ''[[Jaws III]]'' were filmed on the Minutemen Causeway *''[[The Number 23]]'' (2007) shot scenes on the shore of Cocoa Beach. *''[[I'll Believe You]]'' (2007) TV series included: *''[[The Cape (1996 TV series)|The Cape]]'', 13 episodes (1996 through 1997) * ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (TV miniseries)|From the Earth to the Moon]]'', a miniseries (1998) * ''[[I dream of jeannie|I Dream of Jeannie]]'' 1960's TV comedy series was set in Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral, but filmed in California. ==Arts and culture== <!---Needs a smooth introduction---> The [[Maxwell C. King Center for the Performing Arts]], seating 2000, features locally produced and former Broadway shows, ballet, and symphony. Several different performances are scheduled each week. The [[Brevard Symphony Orchestra]] and the Space Coast Ballet offer shows performed by professionals. There are two other professional symphony orchestras, plus a community orchestra and band in Melbourne.<ref>[http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20090712/LIFE/907120313&referrer=FRONTPAGECAROUSEL Conductor forms county's third symphony] retrieved July 12, 2009 {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The [[Brevard Zoo]] is a {{convert|56|acre|sing=on}} facility.<ref>[http://www.brevardzoo.org/aboutthezoo/index.html Brevard Zoo Information]</ref> There are 51 tigers, cougars, lions and leopards, on a {{convert|2|acre|sing=on}} reserve in Canaveral Groves.<ref>{{Cite news| first=Rick | last=Neale | title=A Place to ROAR | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100321/NEWS01/3210320/Animal-refuge-proposes-move-to-17-acre-big-cat-sanctuary-near-N.-Brevard-border| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=21 March 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}</ref> ;Ballet The Space Coast Ballet incorporates professional principal dancers and instructors together with many roles for local senior talent as well as roles for students. They annually stage the ''[[The Nutcracker]]''. ;Classical music The Brevard Symphony Orchestra has been bringing the classics, performed by professionals, to the Space Coast for over fifty years. The Brevard Symphony Youth Orchestra (BSYO) was founded in 1984 to provide a musical experience for youth. They are the only non-profit organization in Brevard devoted solely to the orchestral training of young musicians.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} The Space Coast Symphony Orchestra consists of professional musicians and qualified youth. ;Traditional Music The [[City of Melbourne Pipes and Drums]] is a teaching band. ;Museums and attractions <!----Arts seems like a good place for "museums" ---> The Space Coast has a number of museums from the rocket exhibitions at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex and the [[Air Force Space & Missile Museum]], to local museums and others of unique character such as the [[American Police Hall of Fame & Museum]], and the East Coast Surfing Hall of Fame Museum. <!---probably should be moved to tourism the way it is written---> The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers an educational look at the accomplishments of America's space program. The Observation Gantry near [[Launch Complex 39]] offers a view of the Space Shuttle launch pads (first built for the Apollo missions), the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]], and the crawlerway over which rockets are taken to the pad. The [[Apollo/Saturn V Center]] displays an example of the largest rocket ever launched. The [[United States Astronaut Hall of Fame|US Astronaut Hall of Fame]] is the only facility in the nation dedicated to telling the stories of American astronauts and features the world's largest collection of astronauts' personal effects.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} The [[US Space Walk of Fame]] in Titusville commemorates the manned space program's history with museum and monuments. The [[Brevard Museum of History & Natural Science]] features the remains of the "Windover Man", the oldest human remains found on the North American continent and a re-creation of the Windover Dig, a 'wet' archaeological site. A visitor may see how Native Americans lived and Florida pioneers survived. Honor America runs the [[Liberty Bell Memorial Museum]]. This houses a replica of the Liberty Bell, historical documents, and patriotic memorabilia. Items are permanent reminders of our nation's history, as well as a memorial to military veterans. The Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Memorial Park and Cultural Center features a museum with artifacts and time line of the civil rights movement and the story of the Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore, civil rights leaders who were killed when their home was bombed. ;Other <!---this needs to go somewhere because it is "different"---> During the December holiday season, each of four yacht club parades during the evening in the Indian River/Banana River with holiday lighting on each boat.<!---CB, Port C, EG, Melb---> ==See also== * [[Brevard County School District|Brevard County Public Schools]] *[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Brevard County, Florida]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Middleton, Sallie. "Space Rush: Local Impact of Federal Aerospace Programs on Brevard and Surrounding Counties," ''Florida Historical Quarterly,'' Fall 2008, Vol. 87 Issue 2, pp 258–289 ==External links== {{Commons category}} ;Government links and constitutional offices * [http://www.brevardcounty.us/ Brevard County Government / Board of County Commissioners] * [http://brevardcountyclerkofcourts.net/ Brevard County Clerk of Courts Public Records] * [http://brevardelections.org/ Brevard County Supervisor of Elections] * [http://www.brevardpropertyappraiser.com/ Brevard County Property Appraiser] * [http://www.sheriff.co.brevard.fl.us/ Brevard County Sheriff's Office] * [http://www.brevardparks.com/ Brevard County Parks and Recreation] *Water **[http://www.brevardcounty.us/usd/sc-reuse.cfm Reclaimed water] ;Special districts * [http://www.sjrwmd.com St. Johns River Water Management District] ;Education * [http://4brevard.com/schools.htm "Shopping" Guide to all local schools] * [http://www.isbcmelbourne.org/ Islamic school in Melbourne, Fl] ;Judicial branch * [http://www.brevardclerk.us/ Brevard County Clerk of Courts] * [http://www.brevardcounty.us/publicdefender/ Brevard County Public Defender] * [http://sa18.state.fl.us/ Office of the State Attorney, 18th Judicial Circuit] serving Brevard and [[Seminole County, Florida|Seminole]] Counties * [http://www.jud18.flcourts.org/ Circuit and County Court for the 18th Judicial Circuit of Florida] ;Local references * [http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=factbook Florida Today "Fact Book" on Brevard County] * [http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/maps/county/brevard/brevard.htm USF Maps of Historical Brevard County] * [http://www.cfhf.net/maps/1839.htm Explanation of "Leigh Read" county] * [http://www.brevardclerk.us/PAGES/brevard.htm Brevard County Fact Sheet - Brevard Clerk of Courts] * [http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/maps/maps.htm Old Florida Map Collection] * [http://nbbd.com/ North Brevard - Titusville, Florida - Community Directory] * [http://visulate.com Searchable Database of Brevard County Property Records] * [http://spacecoast.wikispot.org Space Coast Wiki] - a community wiki for Brevard County * [http://www.brevardworkforce.com/annualreport/2008-2009/images/BWF_AR2010.pdf Brevard Workforce Report 2008-9] *{{Wikitravel|Brevard County}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Brevard County, Florida |North = [[Volusia County, Florida|Volusia County]] |Northeast = |East = [[Atlantic Ocean]] |Southeast = |South = [[Indian River County, Florida|Indian River County]] |Southwest = [[Osceola County, Florida|Osceola County]] |West = [[Orange County, Florida|Orange County]] |Northwest = [[Seminole County, Florida|Seminole County]] }} {{Brevard County, Florida}} {{Florida}} {{Coord|28.30|-80.70|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-FL_source:UScensus1990}} [[Category:Charter counties in Florida]] [[Category:Brevard County, Florida| ]] [[Category:1844 establishments]] [[bg:Бръвард (окръг, Флорида)]] [[de:Brevard County]] [[es:Condado de Brevard]] [[fr:Comté de Brevard]] [[bpy:ব্রেভার্ড কাউন্টি, ফ্লোরিডা]] [[it:Contea di Brevard]] [[la:Brevard Comitatus]] [[nl:Brevard County]] [[no:Brevard County]] [[nds:Brevard County]] [[pl:Hrabstwo Brevard]] [[pt:Condado de Brevard]] [[ru:Бревэрд (округ, Флорида)]] [[sq:Brevard County]] [[simple:Brevard County, Florida]] [[sv:Brevard County]] [[vi:Quận Brevard, Florida]] [[zh:布里瓦德縣 (佛羅里達州)]]'