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'{{Infobox Writer | name = Ruth Prawer Jhabvala | image = | birthdate = {{Birth date and age|1927|5|7}} | birthplace = [[Cologne]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] | birthname = Ruth Prawer | spouse = Cyrus Jhabvala | period = 1963 - present | awards = '''[[Man Booker Prize]]'''<br>1975 ''[[Heat and Dust]]'' <br> '''[[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay]]'''<br>1986 ''[[A Room with a View (film)|A Room with a View]]''<br>1992 ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' <br> '''[[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]]'''<br>1982 ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' <br> '''[[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay|NYFCC Award for Best Screenplay]]'''<br>1990 ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Bridge]]'' }} '''Ruth Prawer Jhabvala''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born May 7, 1927) is a [[Booker Prize|Booker prize-winning]] [[novel]]ist, [[short story]] writer, and two-time [[Academy Awards|Academy Award-winning]] [[screenwriter]]. She is perhaps best known for her long [[collaboration]] with [[Merchant Ivory Productions]], made up of [[film director|director]] [[James Ivory (director)|James Ivory]] and the late producer [[Ismail Merchant]]. Their films won six [[Academy Awards]]......... ==Personal background== She was born '''Ruth Prawer''' in [[Cologne, Germany]] to Jewish parents Marcus and Eleanora Prawer. Marcus was a lawyer from Poland and Eleanora's father was [[Hazzan|cantor]] of Cologne's biggest synagogue.<ref>[http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1441006,00.html Ruth Prawer Jhabvala - Guardian]</ref> The family fled the [[Nazis]] in 1939, emigrating to [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. Her elder brother, [[Siegbert Salomon Prawer|Siegbert Salomon]] (born 1925), is honorary fellow of [[The Queen's College, Oxford|The Queen's College]] and professor emeritus of German at the [[University of Oxford]], an expert on Heine and horror films. During [[World War II]] she lived in [[Hendon]] in [[London]], experienced [[the Blitz]] and began to speak English rather than German. She became a British citizen in 1948. She received her MA in English literature from [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary College]], [[University of London]] in 1951. She also married [[Cyrus H. Jhabvala]], an [[India]]n [[Parsi people|Parsi]] architect, in 1951. The couple moved to [[Delhi]], [[India]], in 1951 and they had three daughters: Ava, Firoza and Renana. Her three daughters are living all around the world: in India, in Los Angeles and in England. In 1975 Jhabvala moved to [[New York]] and divided her time between India and the United States. In 1986, she became a [[naturalized]] citizen of the United States. == Literary career == While living in India during the 1950s, Jhabvala began to write novels about her new life there: ''To Whom She Will'' (1955), ''Nature of Passion'' (1956), ''Esmond in India'' (1957), ''The Householder'' (1960) and ''Get Ready for the Battle'' (1962). Her literary output would be steady and of a consistently high quality (see below). Her early comedies drew comparisons with [[Jane Austen]], in their anatomy of power within westernised, extended families, or the slow growth of love in arranged marriages. She found affinities with Jewish culture in an emphasis on family and humour. She wrote to 20 publishers in London, who "all wrote back", and soon joined John Murray, her UK publisher for four decades. After she found a US agent in the 1950s, many of her short stories appeared first in the New Yorker. Her view of India is different than that of [[Naipaul]] or [[E. M. Forster]]. Jhabvala, unlike Naipaul, wasn't drawn to India by ancestry or, as in Forster's case, by a desire to move beyond a complacent Western liberalism. She was in Delhi, as she wrote, only because her husband was there, and she was interested not in India but in herself in India. In any case, what matters is that she managed to transmute her personal experience, however narrow, into art.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E2DE123BF93BA25754C0A9629C8B63 Jhabvala Passage to India - New York Times Review]</ref> Often her stories are seen from the point of view of an outsider. Some Indian critics have labelled her authorial detachment as a sign of old-fashioned Western attitudes toward India.<ref>[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jhab.htm Books and Writers]</ref> In 1975, she won the [[Booker Prize]], the most prestigious literary award for the English language in the Commonwealth, for her novel ''[[Heat and Dust]]''. ==Merchant Ivory Productions== In 1963, Jhabvala was approached by filmmakers [[James Ivory (director)|James Ivory]] and [[Ismail Merchant]] to write a screenplay of her 1960 novel ''The Householder''. The film, ''The Householder'', was released by [[Merchant Ivory Productions]] in 1963 &mdash; this began a partnership that would produce over 20 films. She had no previous film making experience. The next Merchant-Ivory project ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'' (1965), was a critical success, and it was followed by a number of other collaborations between the three, including an adaptation of Jhabvala's novel ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]],'' (1983); the [[docudrama]] ''[[The Courtesans of Bombay]]'' (1983); ''[[A Room with a View (film)|A Room with a View]]'' (1985), for which she won her first [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]; ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Bridge]]'' (1990); ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' (1992), her second Oscar win; and ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'' (1993), for which she was nominated for a third Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay, though she did not win. Her screenplays are often less comedies of manners than profound struggles over the souls of young women. Of this collaboration, Ismail Merchant once commented: "It is a strange marriage we have at Merchant Ivory...I am an Indian Muslim, Ruth is a German Jew, and Jim is a Protestant American. Someone once described us as a three-headed god. Maybe they should have called us a three-headed monster!" [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1627804,00.html] Ismail Merchant died in 2005, of complications resulting from a stomach ulcer. Jhabvala's last screenplay was ''[[The City of Your Final Destination]]'' (2008), based on the [[The City of Your Final Destination (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Peter Cameron (writer)|Peter Cameron]]. ==Awards== ''Winner'': *2003: O. Henry Prize Winner for "Refuge in London" *1994: [[Writers Guild of America|Writers Guild of America's]] Screen Laurel Award *1992: [[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay]] - ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' *1987: [[Writers Guild of America]] - Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for: ''[[A Room with a View (film)|A Room with a View]]'' *1986: [[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay]] - ''[[A Room with a View (film)|A Room with a View]]''. *1984: [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) - Best Screenplay - Adapted for: ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' *1984: [[London Film Critics Circle|London Critics Circle Film Awards]] - Screenwriter of the Year for: ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' *1984: [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowship]] *1975: ''[[Booker Prize]]'' - ''[[Heat and Dust]]'' (novel) ''Nominated'': *1993: [[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay]] - ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'' ==References== ''Anthologies and Encyclopedias'': *Bausch, Richard and R. V. Cassill (ed.). "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala." ''Norton Anthology of Short Fiction: 6th Edition''. New York: [[W.W. Norton]], 2000: 801-813. *Mishra, Pankaj (ed.). "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala." ''India in Mind: An Anthology''. New York: Vintage Books, 2005: 108-130. *Ross, Robert (ed.). "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala." ''Colonial and Postcolonial Fiction in English: An Anthology''. New York: Garland, 1999: 189-209. *Serafin, Steven (ed.). "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala." ''Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century, 3rd edition''. Farmington Hills, Michigan: St. James Press, 1999. ''Screenwriting'': *Bailur, Jayanti. ''Ruth Prawer Jhabvala: Fiction and Film''. New Delhi: Arnold Publishers, 1992. * Katz, Susan Bullington (ed.). "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala." ''Conversations with Screenwriters''. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000: 1-8. ''Other'': *Crane, Ralph J. ''Ruth Prawer Jhabvala''. New York: Twayne, 1992. *--. ''Passages to Ruth Prawer Jhabvala''. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1991. * Rai, Sudha. ''Homeless by Choice: Naipaul, Jhabvala, Rushdie and India''. Jaipur: Printwell, 1992. * Shepherd, Ronald. ''Ruth Prawer Jhabwala in India: The Jewish Connection''. Delhi: Chanakya Publications, 1994. *Sucher, Lawrie. ''The Fiction of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala: The Politics of Passion''. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989. {{Reflist}} ==Selected works== ===Novels and Short Stories=== *''[[To Whom She Will]]'' (1955; published in the United States as [[Amrita]]) *''[[The Nature of Passion]]'' (1956). *''[[Esmond in India]]'' (1958) *''[[The Householder]]'' (1960), *''[[Get Ready for Battle]]'' (1962) *''[[Like Birds, Like Fishes]]'' (1963) *''[[A Backward Place]]'' (1965) *''[[A Stronger Climate]]'' (1968) *''[[A New Dominion]]'' (1972; published in the United States as Travelers) *''[[Heat and Dust]]'' (1975) *''[[An Experience of India]]'' (1971) *''[[How I Became a Holy Mother and other stories]] (1976), *''[[In Search of Love and Beauty]]'' (1983) *''[[Out of India]]'' (1986) *''[[Three Continents]]'' (1987) *''[[Poet and Dancer]]'' (1993) *''[[Shards of Memory]]'' (1995) *''[[East Into Upper East: Plain Tales from New York and New Delhi]]'' (1998) *''[[My Nine Lives]]'' (2004) ===Select screenplays=== {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" | '''Year''' || '''Title''' || '''Other notes''' |- | 2008 || ''[[The City of Your Final Destination]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Peter Cameron (writer)|Peter Cameron]] |- | 2003 || ''[[Le Divorce]]'' || co-written by [[James Ivory (director)|James Ivory]], adapted from the novel by [[Diane Johnson]] |- | 2000 || ''[[The Golden Bowl (film)|The Golden Bowl]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Henry James]] |- | 1998 || ''[[A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries (film)|A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Kaylie Jones]] |- | 1996 || ''[[Surviving Picasso]]'' || screenplay |- | 1995 || ''[[Jefferson in Paris]]'' || written by |- | 1993 || ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] |- | 1992 || ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[E. M. Forster]] |- | 1990 || ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Bridge]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novels by [[Evan S. Connell]] ("Mr. Bridge" & "Mrs. Bridge") |- | 1988 || ''[[Madame Sousatzka]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Bernice Rubens]]. Directed by [[John Schlesinger]] |- | 1985 || ''[[A Room with a View (film)|A Room with a View]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[E. M. Forster]] |- | 1984 || ''[[The Bostonians]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Henry James]] |- | 1983 || ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by Jhabvala |- | 1981 || ''[[Quartet (1981 film)|Quartet]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Jean Rhys]] |- | 1980 || ''[[Jane Austen in Manhattan]]'' || written by, inserted libretto "[[Sir Charles Grandison]]" by [[Jane Austen]] |- | 1979 || ''[[The Europeans]]'' ||screenplay, adapted from the novel by [[Henry James]] |- | 1978 || ''[[Hullabaloo Over Georgie and Bonnie's Pictures]]'' || written by |- | 1977 || ''[[Roseland (film)|Roseland]]'' || story and screenplay |- | 1975 || ''[[Autobiography of a Princess]]'' || written by |- | 1972 || ''[[Bombay Talkie]]''|| screenplay |- | 1969 || ''[[The Guru (1969 film)|The Guru]]'' || screenplay |- | 1965 || ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'' || screenplay |- | 1963 || ''[[The Householder (film)|The Householder]]'' || screenplay, adapted from the novel by Jhabvala |} == External links == ''Biographies'': * [http://www.sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Jhabvala+Ruth+Prawer SAWNET biography] * [http://www.merchantivory.com/ruth.html Biography from Merchant Ivory Productions] * [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jhab.htm Biography] * [http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2370 Biography from the Literary Encyclopedia] ''Other'': * {{imdb name|id=0695609|name=Ruth Prawer Jhabvala}} * [http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/content/articles/060626fi_fiction Recent short story "Innocence" on ''The New Yorker'' magazine website] * [http://www.merchantivory.com/goldenbowl/ruth.html An interview] on writing film adaptations. * [http://www.moviemaker.com/hop/04/screenwriting.html Rewriting Literature: A Conversation With Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, by Phillip Williams] {{AcademyAwardBestAdaptedScreenplay 1981-2000}} {{BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay 1983-1999}} {{Man Booker Prize Winners}} {{Merchant Ivory Productions}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = May 7, 1927 | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cologne]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer}} [[Category:1927 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Alumni of Queen Mary, University of London]] [[Category:Booker Prize winners]] [[Category:British novelists]] [[Category:British screenwriters]] [[Category:German Jews]] [[Category:German refugees]] [[Category:English Jews]] [[Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom]] [[Category:British immigrants to India]] [[Category:Indian immigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Jewish refugees]] [[Category:Jewish writers]] [[Category:Jews who emigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism]] [[Category:Jewish novelists]] [[Category:MacArthur Fellows]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]] [[Category:People from Cologne]] [[Category:German women writers]] [[Category:British women writers]] [[Category:British people of Polish descent]] [[Category:Women screenwriters]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]] [[Category:Writers Guild of America Award winners]] [[da:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[de:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[es:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[fr:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[is:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[it:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[he:רות פראוור-ג'אבוולה]] [[lt:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[ja:ルース・プラワー・ジャブヴァーラ]] [[pl:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[pt:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[ru:Джабвала, Рут]] [[fi:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[sv:Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] [[zh:露絲·鮑爾·賈華拉]]'