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'{{Other uses}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Ushuaia |motto = {{lang|es|"Ushuaia, fin del mundo, principio de todo"}}</sup>{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Spanish language|Spanish]])<br />"Ushuaia, end of the world, beginning of everything" |image_skyline = Ushuaia Montage.png |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = (From top to bottom; from left to right) View of Ushuaia from the harbor; Les Eclaireurs Lighthouse; Falklands War Memorial; Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atántico Sur government building and the port. |image_shield = Escudo Ushuaia-2.png |pushpin_map = Tierra del Fuego |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_label_position = Above |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |coordinates_region = AR |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{ARG}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Argentina|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = Founded |established_date = Officially the 12 October 1884 by Commodore Lasserre ARA |population_as_of = 2010 est.<ref name=INDICpopulation/><ref name=Tiscali/> |population_total = 63,280 |population_density_km2 = |latd=54|latm=48|longd=68|longm=18|latNS=S|longEW=W |elevation_m = 5 |postal_code_type = [[Argentine postal code|CPA Base]] |postal_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|V]] 9410 |area_code = +[[Telephone numbers in Argentina|54]] 2901 |website = }} <!--Do not edit the lead of this article regarding Ushuaia's status as the southernmost city in the world without first discussing it on Talk. Any substantial changes without consensus on Talk may be reverted.--> '''Ushuaia''' ({{IPA-es|uˈswaʝa}}, {{IPA-en|uːˈʃwaɪ.ə|lang}}) is the [[capital city]] of [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego Province]], [[Argentina]]. It is commonly regarded as the [[The southernmost city in the world|southernmost city in the world]].<ref name=Introduction/><ref name=Britannica/> Ushuaia is located in a wide [[bay]] on the southern coast of [[Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego]], bounded on the north by the [[Martial Mountains|Martial mountain]] range and on the south by the [[Beagle Channel]]. It is the only [[municipality]] in the [[Department of Ushuaia]], which has an area of {{convert|9390|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. ==History== [[File:Usuhaia.jpg|thumb|400px|left|Partial view of the city and the [[Martial Mountains]]]] The [[Selknam people|Selk’nam Indians]], also called the Ona, first arrived in Tierra del Fuego about 10,000 years ago. The southern group of the Selk’nam, the [[Yaghan]] (also known as Yámana), occupied what is now Ushuaia, living in continual conflict with the northern inhabitants of the island.<ref name=foragers/> The British ship [[HMS Beagle]] under the command of Captain [[Robert FitzRoy]] first reached the channel on January 29, 1833 during its maiden voyage surveying [[Tierra del Fuego]].<ref name=Beagle/> The city was originally named by early [[United Kingdom|British]] missionaries<ref name=Every/> using the native [[Yámana]] name for the area. Much of the early history of the city and its [[hinterland]] is described in [[Lucas Bridges]]’s book ''Uttermost Part of the Earth'' (1948). The name ''Ushuaia'' first appears in letters and reports of the [[South American Mission Society]]<ref name=Every/> in England. The British missionary [[Waite Hockin Stirling]]<ref name=roughguides.com/> became the first European to live in Ushuaia when he stayed with the Yámana people between the 18th of January and mid-September 1869. In 1870 more British missionaries arrived to establish a small settlement. The following year the first marriage was performed. During 1872, 36 baptisms and 7 marriages and the first European birth (Thomas Despard Bridges) in Tierra del Fuego were registered.<ref name=tierradelfuego.org.ar/> The first house constructed in Ushuaia was a pre-assembled 3 room home prepared in the [[Falkland Islands]] in 1870 for Reverend [[Thomas Bridges (Anglican missionary)|Thomas Bridges]]. One room was for the Bridges family, a second was for a Yámana married couple, while the third served as the chapel.<ref name=ushuaiabyn/> During 1873 Juan and Clara Lawrence, the first Argentine citizens to visit Ushuaia, arrived to teach school. That same year the Argentine President [[Julio Argentino Roca]] promoted the establishment of a [[penal colony]] for re-offenders, modeled after one in [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]], in an effort to secure permanent residents from Argentina and to help establish Argentine [[sovereignty]] over all of Tierra del Fuego.<ref name=diariohoy/><ref name=HistoriaUshuaia/> But only after the [[Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina]] did formal efforts get under way to establish the township and its prison. During the 1880s, many gold prospectors came to Ushuaia following rumors of large gold fields, which proved to be false.<ref name=Historia/><ref name=argentour/> On the 12th of October 1884, as part of the South Atlantic Expedition, [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Augusto Lasserre]] established the sub-division of Ushuaia,<ref name=victory/> with the missionaries and naval officers signing the Act of Ceremony. Don Feliz M Paz was named Governor of Tierra del Fuego and in 1885 named Ushuaia as its capital. In 1885 the territory police was organized under Antonio A Romero with headquarters also in Ushuaia. But it was not until 1904 that the Federal Government of [[Argentina]] recognized Ushuaia as the capital of Tierra del Fuego.<ref name=resena/> Ushuaia suffered several epidemics, including [[typhus]], [[pertussis]], and [[measles]], that decimated the native population. But because the Yámana were not included in census data the exact numbers lost are not known. The first census was held in 1893 with 113 men and 36 women living in Ushuaia. The prison was formally announced in an [[Executive (government)|Executive order]] by Roca in 1896.<ref name="tierradelfuego.org.ar"/> By 1911 the Yámana had all practically disappeared, so the mission was closed.<ref name=films/> The population grew to 1,558 by the 1914 census. In 1896 the prison received its first inmates, mainly re-offenders and dangerous prisoners transferred from [[Buenos Aires]] but also some political prisoners. A separate military prison opened in 1903 at the nearby [[Puerto Golondrina]]. The two prisons merged in 1910, and that combined complex still stands today. It operated until 1947, when President [[Juan Perón]] closed it by executive order in response to the many reports of abuse and unsafe practices.<ref name="roughguides.com"/><ref name=clarin/> Most of the guards stayed in Ushuaia, while the prisoners were relocated to other jails farther north. After the prison closed, it became a part of the [[:es:Base Naval Ushuaia|Base Naval Ushuaia]] {{es icon}}, functioning as a storage and office facility until the early 1990s.<ref name=rionegro/> Later it was converted into the current Museo Maritimo de Ushuaia.<ref name=museomaritimo/> During the first half of the 20th century, the city centered around a prison built by the Argentine government to increase the Argentine population here and to ensure Argentine sovereignty over Tierra del Fuego.<ref name=diariohoy/><ref name=HistoriaUshuaia/> The prison was intended for repeat offenders and serious criminals, following the example of the British in [[Tasmania]] and the French in [[Devil's Island]].<ref name=HistoriaUshuaia/> Escape from Tierra del Fuego was similarly difficult, although two prisoners managed to escape into the surrounding area for a few weeks.<ref name=diariohoy/> The prison population thus became forced colonists and spent much of their time building the town with timber from the forest around the prison. They also built a railway to the settlement,<ref name=elpresidio/> now a tourist attraction known as the [[Southern Fuegian Railway|End of the World Train]] (''Tren del Fin del Mundo''), the southernmost railway in the world. ==Geography== {{Main|The southernmost city in the world}} {{See|Southernmost settlements}} [[File:Bahia Ushuaia.jpg|thumb|Satellite view of Ushuaia and its bay]] Ushuaia has long been described as the southernmost [[city]] in the world.<ref name="Introduction"/><ref name="Britannica"/> While there are settlements farther south, the only one of any notable size is [[Puerto Williams]], a [[Chile]]an settlement of some 2000 residents (mostly families of the nearby military bases).<ref name=archwebfila03/> Puerto Williams also calls itself the world's southernmost city,{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} but this claim is dubious as the Chilean government itself defines a city as an urban entity with more than 5,000 inhabitants.<ref name=territorio/> As a center of population, commerce, and culture, and as a town of significant size and importance,<ref name=thefreedictionary/> Ushuaia however clearly qualifies as a city. A 1998 article in the newspaper ''Clarín''<ref name=diario/> reported that the designation "Southernmost city in the world" had been transferred to Puerto Williams by a joint committee from Argentina and Chile, but this was denied by Argentine authorities,<ref name=diputados/><ref name=dependencias/> and the Secretariat of Tourism of Argentina continues to use the slogan in official documentation and web sites.<ref name=portal/> ===Climate=== [[File:Ushuaia 4.jpg|thumb|View over the [[Beagle Channel]]]] Ushuaia has a [[subpolar oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfc'') Temperatures average {{convert|1.6|°C|1}} in the coolest month (July), and {{convert|10.4|°C|1}} in the warmest month (January). The record low is {{convert|−25|°C}}, and record high 29 °C (85 °F) (December). The record low ever recorded in summer is {{convert|−6|°C|0}}. On average the city experiences 200 days of light rain or snow a year, with many cloudy and foggy days. Despite receiving only {{convert|530|mm|0}} average annual precipitation, Ushuaia is very humid. A similar climate is found in [[Tórshavn]] ([[Faroe Islands]]), [[Unalaska, Alaska|Unalaska]] ([[Alaska]]), [[Reykjavík]] ([[Iceland]]) and [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] ([[Falkland Islands]]). The southwestern winds make the outer islands wetter, reaching {{convert|1400|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} at ''Isla de los Estados'' (Staten Island). Because temperatures are cool throughout the year, there is little evaporation. Snow is common in winter and regularly occurs throughout the year. Ushuaia occasionally experiences snow in summer (from November to March). Strong winds whip the town. {{-}} <center>{{Weather box |location = Ushuaia (1961−1990) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 15.0 |Feb high C = 14.1 |Mar high C = 12.4 |Apr high C = 9.8 |May high C = 6.3 |Jun high C = 4.6 |Jul high C = 4.5 |Aug high C = 6.1 |Sep high C = 8.8 |Oct high C = 11.1 |Nov high C = 12.9 |Dec high C = 13.4 |year high C = 9.9 |Jan low C = 5.7 |Feb low C = 5.2 |Mar low C = 3.5 |Apr low C = 2.1 |May low C = 0.1 |Jun low C = −1.3 |Jul low C = −1.4 |Aug low C = −1.0 |Sep low C = 0.5 |Oct low C = 2.3 |Nov low C = 3.9 |Dec low C = 4.9 |year low C = 2.0 |Jan rain mm = 30.7 |Feb rain mm = 33.2 |Mar rain mm = 47.8 |Apr rain mm = 49.7 |May rain mm = 54.5 |Jun rain mm = 54.7 |Jul rain mm = 46.2 |Aug rain mm = 60.7 |Sep rain mm = 39.5 |Oct rain mm = 34.6 |Nov rain mm = 35.4 |Dec rain mm = 41.0 |year rain mm = 528.0 |Jan rain days = 22 |Feb rain days = i like cheese and pickles... they make good milk shakes |Mar rain days = 22 |Apr rain days = 23 |May rain days = 17 |Jun rain days = 19 |Jul rain days = 15 |Aug rain days = 16 |Sep rain days = 12 |Oct rain days = 15 |Nov rain days = 16 |Dec rain days = 19 |source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref name=WMO/> |date=August 2010 }}</center> ==Demographics== [[File:Ushuaia port.JPG|thumb|View of the port]] [[File:Ushuaia Harbor Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|Ushuaia Harbor]] With a population of approximately 64,000,<ref name=INDICpopulation/><ref name=Tiscali/> Ushuaia ranks as the 97th biggest [[List of cities in Argentina by population|city in Argentina]].<ref name=indec/><ref name=mecon/> ==Economy== [[File:Patagonia-leseclarieus-2.jpg|thumb|[[Les Eclaireurs Lighthouse]], located in Ushuaia]] The main economic activities are [[fishing]], [[natural gas]] and [[Petroleum|oil]] extraction, [[sheep]] [[agriculture|farming]] and [[ecotourism]]. ;Tourism [[File:Sea Lions Ushuaia.JPG|thumb|left|Female [[sea lion]] and her pup]] Tourist attractions include the [[Tierra del Fuego National Park]] and [[Lapataia Bay]]. The park can be reached by highway, or via the [[Southern Fuegian Railway|End of the World Train]] (''Tren del Fin del Mundo'') from Ushuaia. The city has a museum of Yámana, English, and Argentine settlement, including its years as a prison colony. Wildlife attractions include local birds, [[penguin]]s, [[Pinniped|seal]]s, and [[Killer whale|orcas]], many of these species colonizing islands in the [[Beagle Channel]]. There are daily bus and boat tours to [[Estancia Harberton|Harberton]], the Bridges family compound. Tours also visit the [[Les Eclaireurs Lighthouse]]. Les Eclaireurs is sometimes confused with the "Lighthouse at the End of the World" (''Faro del fin del mundo'') made famous by [[Jules Verne]] in the novel of the same name; but the latter lies some 200&nbsp;mi (320&nbsp;km) east of Ushuaia on [[Isla de los Estados]] (Staten Island). ;Manufacturing Ushuaia's industrial sector, led by the [[Grundig]] ''Renacer'' [[electronics]] [[factory]], is among the largest in [[Patagonia]]. ==Arts and culture== Since 2007 Ushuaia has hosted the Bienal de Arte Contemporáneo del Fin del Mundo (Bienniel of Contemporary Art at the End of the World), created and organized by the Patagonia Arte & Desafío Foundation under the rubric "South Pole of the Arts, Sciences, and Ecology". The Bienal has gathered over one hundred artists from five continents addressing the motto "think at the End of the World that another world is possible". As a pedagogical project it encourages students at all levels to "think about a better world".{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} ===Museums and other points of interest=== ==Sports== Football (soccer) is played here, and the FIFA Mundial TV Show did a story from Ushuaia in 2010 about football (soccer) in this locality. ==Parks and recreation== ;Downhill and cross-country skiing There are a number of [[Ski resort|ski areas]] close to Ushuaia, including [[Glacier El Martial]] and [[Cerro Castor]]. Opened in 1999,<ref name=castor/> Cerro Castor is the southernmost ski area in the world.<ref name=cerrocastor/><ref name=fechaacceso/> On Cerro Castor, it is possible to ski just 200&nbsp;m (660&nbsp;ft) above sea level. The summit reaches an elevation of 1057 meters (3468&nbsp;ft) above sea level, and consistently cool temperatures allow the longest skiing season in South America. Winter temperatures fluctuate between 0° and &minus;5&nbsp;°C (32 to 23&nbsp;°F) It has five [[ski lift]]s and 26 [[Piste|ski trails]] for all skill levels. There are cafeterias, mountain huts, a ski school, a first aid room and a forest of beech.<ref name=esqui/> Snowboarding, sledding, and snowshoeing are also available at Cerro Castor, in addition to alpine skiing.<ref name=argentinaski/> It is located on the southern side of Cerro Krund,<ref name=dialnet/> 27&nbsp;km (17&nbsp;mi) north of Ushuaia. The ski season is typically between June through October. The [[glacier]] is popular even during the summer months, when the [[chairlift]] operates in both directions. Hiking trails lead from the city's edge to the base of the glacier, which has [[Retreat of glaciers since 1850|retreated]] considerably over the past century, as shown in photographs on display at the Antarctic Museum of Ushuaia.<ref name=eelmuseo/> ==Government== {{Empty section|date=November 2010}} ==Education== Ushuaia has twelve secondary schools, four of which also provide [[adult education]].<ref name=Ministerio/><ref name=quefuede/> The [[Colegio Nacional de Ushuaia]]<ref name=Colegio/> is one of the youngest schools in the city and it was modeled after the [[Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires]]. Another important secondary school is [[Colegio Diocesano Monseñor Miguel Ángel Alemán]], which takes its name after the Monsignor of the same name. The [[National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco]]<ref name=Universidad/> operates a campus in Ushuaia, with Faculties of [[Engineering]], [[Economics]] and [[Humanities]], and [[Social sciences|Social Sciences]]. ==Media== ;Television Ushuaia has two television stations, channel 11<ref name=canal11/> and channel 13.<ref name=canal13/> ;Newspapers There are two main newspapers, ''El Diario del Fin del Mundo''<ref name=eldiariodelfindelmundo/> and ''El Diario La Prensa'',<ref name=diarioprensaushuaia/> plus several other minor publications. ==Infrastructure== Ushuaia has a fully functional hospital, an international airport, and primary and secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher learning. Its residents enjoy an organized public transportation system and a functioning municipality. Ushuaia is also the capital of [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego Province]].<ref name=Fuego/> ===Transportation=== [[File:CelebrityOrientUshuaia.jpg|thumb|[[Celebrity Cruises]] [[MV Zenith|MV ''Zenith'']] and [[Orient Lines]] [[MS Marco Polo|MS ''Marco Polo'']] cruise ships at Ushuaia]] ;Air Ushuaia receives regular flights at [[Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport]] from [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Santiago, Chile]]. ;Sea In addition to being a vacation destination for local and international tourists, Ushuaia is also the key access point to the [[Southern Ocean]], including [[subantarctic]] islands such as [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] and [[List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands|antarctic islands]] such as the [[South Orkney Islands]] and the [[South Shetland Islands]]. Its commercial pier is the major port of departure in the world for tourist and scientific expeditions to the [[Antarctic Peninsula]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} [[Cruise ship]]s visiting the [[Falkland Islands]] (referred to by Argentinians as ''Islas Malvinas'') and [[Antarctica]] dock at the port, as well as [[Princess Cruises]], [[Holland America Line]], [[Celebrity Cruises]] which transit between [[Valparaíso]], Chile, to [[Buenos Aires]] and beyond. [[Antarpply Expeditions]], [[Global Maritime]], [[Hurtigruten]], [[Lindblad Expeditions]], [[Orient Lines]], [[Quark Expeditions]], [[Regent Seven Seas Cruises]], and other passenger and freight lines provide regularly scheduled services between Ushuaia and all local seaports and settlements. Australis Cruises provides regular service between Ushuaia and [[Punta Arenas]] from September to April. Tourists can also visit [[Cape Horn]] (in Chilean waters) by boat or helicopter. ;Land The southern terminus of the [[Pan-American Highway (South America)|Pan-American Highway]], which is also the southern end of [[National Route 3 (Argentina)|Argentina National Route 3]], is located in Tierra del Fuego National Park. ===Utilities=== ===Health care=== Located at the corner of Avenida 12 de Octubre and Maipú, the ''Hospital Gobernador Ernesto M. Campos''<ref name=Funcardio/> is one of the big health care centers in Ushuaia, the other one is private and it is called Clínica San Jorge. ==Ecology== ;Flora Ushuaia is surrounded by [[Magellanic subpolar forests]]. On the hills around the town, the following indigenous trees are found: ''[[Drimys winteri]]'' (Winter's bark), ''[[Maytenus magellanica]]'' (Hard-log Mayten) and several species of ''[[Nothofagus]]'' (Southern Beech). Trees in Ushuaia tend to follow the wind direction, and are therefore called "[[Krummholz|flag-trees]]", for their uni-directional growth pattern. ;Fauna ==Notable people== {{Empty section|date=November 2010}} ==Filmography== ''Ushuaïa, le magazine de l'Extrême'' was the name of a television programme, presented by [[Nicolas Hulot]] and broadcast on the French TV channel [[TF1]] from September 1987 to June 1995.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} The show is known in English as ''Ushuaia: The Ultimate Adventure'', and this language's version was hosted by [[Perri Peltz]] and was shown on [[NBC]], [[CNBC]], and international affiliates of the [[Discovery Channel]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} ==Gay marriage in Ushuaia== {{See|Same-sex marriage in Argentina}} On 29 December 2009, the first homosexual couple to marry in [[Latin America]] were married in Ushuaia.<ref name=buenosairesherald/> Although the [[Civil Code of Argentina]] at that time did not allow [[Same-sex marriage|marriage between people of the same sex]], Governor [[Fabiana Ríos]] issued a special decree allowing the couple to wed there.<ref name=buenosairesherald/> The marriage was [[Annulment|annulled]] when the decree was reversed by Tierra del Fuego's [[judiciary]], since the Civil Code did not support it.<ref name=gaymarriage/> Same sex marriage [[Same-sex marriage in Argentina|became legal]] nationwide in Argentina a few months later, on July 15, 2010, after the approval of a gender-neutral bill by the [[Argentine National Congress]]. ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Ushuaia_port.jpg|Port File:Ushuaia city view.jpg|City view </gallery> ==Sister cities== {| class="wikitable" ! Country ! City |- | {{flag|Israel}} | [[Eilat]] |- | {{flag|USA}} | [[Barrow, Alaska]] |} ==See also== * [[Beagle conflict]] ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= <ref name=archwebfila03>{{cite web|title=Puerto William|url=http://www.chile]]collector.net/archwebfila03/archwebstamp0900/stampset0962.html ''Su población, de aproximadamente 1.700 habitantes, esta compuesta casi en su totalidad, por personal de la Armada y sus familiares''|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=argentinaski>{{cite web|title=Cerro Castor Centro de Ski, Argentina|url=http://www.argentinaski.com/esp/cerro-castor/|editorial=Argentinaski.com|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=argentour>{{cite web|title=Tierra del Fuego Province|url=http://www.argentour.com/en/province/tierra_del_fuego/ushuaia/ushuaia.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Beagle>{{cite web|title=Beage Channel|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_Channel|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ushuaia|encyclopedia=Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620331/Ushuaia|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=buenosairesherald>{{cite web|title=Buenos Aires Herald|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/21132/gay-couple-weds-in-tierra-del-fuego|date=29 December 2009|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=canal11>{{cite web|title=Channel 11|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/canal11/icanal11.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=canal13>{{cite web|title=Channel 13|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/canal13/icanal13.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=castor>{{cite web|title=Cerro Castor, Ushuaia|url=http://www.patagonia.com.ar/tdelfuego/ushuaia/cerro_castor.php|editorial=Patagonia.com.ar|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=cerrocastor>{{cite web|title=Cerro Castor|url=http://www.cerrocastor.com/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=clarin>{{cite web|title=Viaje a la Carcel de Ushuaia Historias macabras en el museo del fin del mundo|url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/05/22/conexiones/t-01199796.htm|accessdate=15 Jan 2009|last=Vittar|first=Daniel|coauthors=Redaccion Clarin|date=22 May 2006|publisher=[http://www.grupoclarin.com/ Grupo Clarin|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Colegio>{{cite web|title=Colegio Nacional de Ushuaia|url=http://www.cnu.edu.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=36|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=dependencias>{{cite web|title=Argentine Congress Nov 11,1998 Dictamen CXXXVII|url=http://www.diputados.gov.ar/dependencias/dtaquigrafos/cxvi-37.html|quote="se expresa preocupación ante la difusión de la información publicada sobre el traspaso del slogan que caracteriza a la ciudad de Ushuaia como la ciudad mas austral del mundo, a la población chilena de Puerto William"|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=dialnet>{{cite web|title=EL GLACIAR ROCOSO DE CERRO KRUND, TIERRA DEL FUEGO, ARGENTINA|url=http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1128980|author=José María Redondo Veglaeditorial=2001-2010 Universidad de La Rioja|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=diario>{{cite web|title=Ushuaia ya no sera la cuiduad mas Austral de Mundo|url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/1998/06/30/e-04801d.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=diariohoy>{{cite web|title=Prison synonymous for suffering|url=http://pdf.diariohoy.net/2004/02/25/pdf/u08tu.pdf Spanish|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=diarioprensaushuaia>{{cite web|title=Diarioprensaushuaia|url=http://www.diarioprensaushuaia.com/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=diputados>{{cite web|title=Argentine Congress, Lower House|url=http://www.diputados.gov.ar/dependencias/dcomisiones/periodo-116/116-1243.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ushuaia|encyclopedia=Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620331/Ushuaia|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=eelmuseo>{{cite web|title=Museo Antártico Ushuaia Dr. José María Sobral|url=http://www.museomaritimo.com/MA/eelmuseo.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=eldiariodelfindelmundo>{{cite web|title=eldiariodelfindelmundo|url=http://eldiariodelfindelmundo.com/ver.php?modulo=principal|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=elpresidio>{{cite web|title=Noticiaspatagonicas|url=http://www.noticiaspatagonicas.com.ar/servicios/elpresidio.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=esqui>{{cite web|title=Cerro Castor|url=http://www.argentour.com/es/esqui/cerro_castor.php|editorial=Argentour|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Every>{{cite web|title=The South American Missionary Society|last=Every, D.D., Right Reverend|first=Edward Francis|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1915., London|year=1915|url=http://anglicanhistory.org/sa/every1915/sams.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=fechaacceso>{{cite web|title=Cerro Castor|url=http://www.welcomeargentina.com/castor/|editorial=Welcome Argentina|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=films>{{cite web|title=Ona People|url=http://www.der.org/films/ona-people.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=foragers>{{cite web|title=The Selk'nam (Ona)|url=http://foragers.wikidot.com/the-ona|work=Hunter-Gatherer Wiki|publisher=Anthropology Department, Ohio State University|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Fuego>{{cite web|title=Tierra del Fuego government website|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Funcardio>{{cite web|title=El Hospital Regional Ushuaia|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/Funcardio/hospital.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=gaymarriage>{{cite web|title=clarin.com|url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2010/04/15/um/m-02181335.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Historia>{{cite web|title=Spanish Historia de Ushuaia|url=http://www.welcomeargentina.com/ushuaia/historia.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=HistoriaUshuaia>{{cite web|title=Spanish Historia de Ushuaia|url=http://www.interpatagonia.com/ushuaia/historia.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=indec>{{cite web|title=Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos|url=http://www.indec.gov.ar/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=INDICpopulation>{{cite web|title=INDEC (Argentine Ministry of Economics) population estimates 2001-2010|url=http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/estimaciones-serie34.pdf|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Introduction>{{cite web|title=Introduction to Ushuaia|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/central-and-south-america/argentina/patagonia/ushuaia/frm_ushuaia_2358010001.html|accessdate=2010-05-20|work=The New York Times|date=November 20, 2006|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=mecon>{{cite web|title=INDEC est|url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/estimaciones-serie34.pdf|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Ministerio>{{cite web|title=Ministerio de Educación, Cultura, Ciencia y Tecnología - Escuela de Adultos|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/m_educct/est_secundarios.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=museomaritimo>{{cite web|title=Museo Maritimo de Ushuaia|url=http://www.museomaritimo.com/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name="Introduction">{{cite web|title=Introduction to Ushuaia|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/central-and-south-america/argentina/patagonia/ushuaia/frm_ushuaia_2358010001.html|accessdate=2010-05-20|work=The New York Times|date=November 20, 2006|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=portal>{{cite web|title=Secretariat of Tourism of Argentina|url=http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=2338#patagonia|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=quefuede>{{cite web|title=quefuede|url=http://quefuede.universia.com.ar/buscarcentro.asp?txtName=&txtCity=&search=1&txtRegion=Tierra%20del%20Fuego|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=resena>{{cite web|title=tierradelfuego|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/historia/ushuaia/resena.php?idpag=01|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=rionegro>{{cite web|title=rionegro|url=http://www.rionegro.com.ar/diario/cultural/2008/03/01/11648.php|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=roughguides.com>{{cite web|title=roughguides|url=http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/Destination/content/default.aspx?titleid=151&xid=idh571931328_0750|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=territorio>{{cite web|title=Chile's Federal Institute of Statistics|url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/dpa2001.pdf|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=thefreedictionary>{{cite web|title=City|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/city|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=tierradelfuego.org.ar>{{cite web|title=Historia de Ushuaia|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/historia/ushuaia/resena.php?idpag=01|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Tiscali>{{cite web|title=Tiscali Encyclopaedia|url=Tiscali Encyclopaedia|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=Universidad>{{cite web|title=Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco|url=http://www.unp.edu.ar/|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=ushuaiabyn>{{cite web|title=Spanish Tierra del Fuego|url=http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/ushuaiabyn/ush_tx.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=victory>{{cite web|title=Cape Horn Patagonian News|url=http://www.victory-cruises.com/cape_horn_patagonian_news5.html|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> <ref name=WMO>{{cite web|title=World Weather Information Service - Ushuaia|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/050/c00859.htm|accessdate=2010-11-28}}</ref> }} ==External links== {{Commons|Ushuaia|Ushuaia}} * {{es icon}} [http://www.ushuaia.gov.ar/ Municipality of Ushuaia] (official website) * {{es icon}} [http://www.canalushuaia.org.ar Online community of residents] * {{en icon}} [http://wikitravel.org/en/Ushuaia Wikitravel Page about Ushuaia] * {{es icon}} [http://www.ushville.com/ Interactive city map] (requires Flash) {{Provincial capitals of Argentina}} {{Coord|54|48|S|68|18|W|display=title}} [[Category:Populated places in Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)]] [[Category:Capitals of Argentine provinces]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in Argentina]] [[Category:Port settlements in Argentina]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Tierra del Fuego]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1884]] [[ar:أوشويا]] [[bn:উসুয়াইয়া]] [[be:Горад Ушуая]] [[be-x-old:Ушуая]] [[bg:Ушуая]] [[ca:Ushuaia]] [[cs:Ushuaia]] [[cy:Ushuaia]] [[da:Ushuaia]] [[de:Ushuaia]] [[et:Ushuaia]] [[el:Ουσουάια]] [[es:Ushuaia]] [[eo:Ushuaia]] [[eu:Ushuaia]] [[fo:Ushuaia, Argentina]] [[fr:Ushuaïa]] [[ko:우수아이아]] [[hr:Ushuaia]] [[id:Ushuaia]] [[os:Ушуая]] [[it:Ushuaia]] [[ka:უშუაია]] [[he:אושואיה]] [[la:Ushuaia]] [[lt:Ušuaja]] [[lij:Ushuaia (Argentinn-a)]] [[hu:Ushuaia]] [[nl:Ushuaia]] [[ja:ウシュアイア]] [[no:Ushuaia]] [[pl:Ushuaia]] [[pt:Ushuaia]] [[ro:Ushuaia]] [[ru:Ушуайя]] [[simple:Ushuaia]] [[sk:Ushuaia]] [[sl:Ushuaia]] [[fi:Ushuaia]] [[sv:Ushuaia]] [[tr:Ushuaia]] [[uk:Ушуая]] [[war:Ushuaia]] [[zh:乌斯怀亚]]'