Examine individual changes

'{{For|the Italian river known in Latin as Tanager|Tanagro}} :''See also [[Tanager (disambiguation)]]'' {{Taxobox | name = Tanagers | image = Chlorornis riefferii.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = [[Grass-green Tanager]], ''Chlorornis riefferii'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]] | subordo = [[Passeri]] | familia = '''Thraupidae''' | familia_authority = Cabanis, 1847 | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] | subdivision = many: see text }} The '''tanagers''' (sg. {{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|t|æ|n|ə|dʒ|ər}}) comprise the bird [[family (biology)|family]] '''Thraupidae''', in the order [[Passeriformes]]. The family has an [[Americas|American]] distribution. There were traditionally about 240 species of tanagers, but the [[taxonomic]] treatment of this family's members is currently in a state of flux. As more of these birds are studied using modern molecular techniques it is expected that some genera may be relocated elsewhere. Already species in the genera ''[[Euphonia]]'' and ''[[Chlorophonia]]'', which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of [[Fringillidae]], in their own subfamily ([[Euphoniinae]]). Likewise the genera ''[[Piranga]]'' (which includes the [[Scarlet Tanager]], [[Summer Tanager]], and [[Western Tanager]]), ''[[Chlorothraupis]]'', and ''[[Habia (bird)|Habia]]'' appear to be members of the [[Cardinal (bird)|Cardinal]] family,<ref>Yuri & Mindell (2002)</ref> and have been reassigned to that family by the [[American Ornithologists' Union|AOU]]. ==Description== Tanagers are small to medium-sized birds. The shortest-bodied species, the [[White-eared Conebill]], is 9&nbsp;cm (3.8&nbsp;in) long and weighs 7&nbsp;grams, barely smaller than the [[Short-billed Honeycreeper]]. The longest, the [[Magpie Tanager]] is 28&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;in) and weighs 76&nbsp;grams (2.7&nbsp;oz). The heaviest is the [[White-capped Tanager]] which weighs 114&nbsp;grams (4&nbsp;oz) and measures about 24&nbsp;cm (9.5&nbsp;in). Both sexes are usually the same size and weight. Tanagers are often brightly colored, but some species are black and white. Birds in their first year are often duller or a different color altogether. Males are typically more brightly coloured than females. Most tanagers have short, rounded wings. The shape of the [[beak|bill]] seems to be linked to the species' [[foraging]] habits. ==Distribution== Tanagers are restricted to the [[New World]] and mainly to the [[tropics]]. About 60% of tanagers live in South America, and 30% of these species live in the [[Andes]]. Most species are [[Endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to a relatively small area. ==Behaviour== Most tanagers live in pairs or in small groups of 3-5 individuals. These groups may consist simply of parents and their offspring. Birds may also be seen in single species or mixed flocks. Many tanagers are thought to have dull [[bird call|songs]], though some are elaborate. ===Diet=== Tanagers are [[omnivorous]], and their diet varies from genus to genus. They have been seen eating [[fruit]]s, [[seed]]s, [[nectar]], flower parts and insects. Many pick insects off branches. Other species look for insects on the underside of leaves. Yet others wait on branches until they see a flying [[insect]] and catch it in the air. Many of these particular species inhabit the same areas, but these specializations alleviate competition. ===Reproduction=== The breeding season begin in March through until June in temperate areas and in September through October in [[South America]]. Some species are territorial while others build their nests closer together. There is little information on tanager breeding behavior or whether they are [[monogamous]] or [[polygamous]]. Males show off their brightest feathers to potential mates and rival males. Some species' courtship rituals involve bowing and tail lifting. Most tanagers build cup nests on branches in trees. Some [[Bird nest|nests]] are almost globular. Entrances are usually built on the side of the nest. The nests can be shallow or deep. The species of the tree they choose to build their nest in and the nest's position varies among genera. Most species nest in an area hidden by very dense vegetation. There is still no information on the nests of some species. The [[clutch (eggs)|clutch]] size is 3–5 [[Bird egg|eggs]]. The female incubates the eggs and builds the nest, but the male may feed the female while she incubates. Both sexes feed the young. Five species have helpers assist in feeding the young. These helpers are thought to be the previous year's nestlings. ==Systematics== Phylogenetic studies suggest the true tanagers form three main groups two of which consist of several smaller, well-supported [[clades]].<ref>Fjeldså & Rahbek (2006) & Klicka et al. (2007)</ref> The list below is an attempt using information gleaned from the latest studies to organise them into coherent related groups, and as such may contain groupings not yet accepted by or are under review by the various ornithological taxonomy authorities.<ref>See http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html</ref> ===Group 1=== '''Mainly dull-coloured forms''' [[Image:Haplospiza-rustica-001.jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Slaty Finch]], ''Haplospiza rustica'']] a) Conebill and [[flowerpiercer]] group (Also contains ''[[Haplospiza]]'', ''[[Catamenia (genus)|Catamenia]]'', ''[[Acanthidops]]'', ''[[Diglossa (bird)|Diglossa]]'', ''[[Diglossopis]]'', ''[[Phrygilus]]'' and ''[[Sicalis]]''<ref>Burns et al. (2003) & Klicka et al. (2007)</ref> traditionally in the [[Emberizidae]])<ref>See Webster & Webster (1999). If the presence of a free lacrimal bone as found in ''[[Haplospiza]]'', ''[[Acanthidops]]'', and two of the three ''[[Catamenia (genus)|Catamenia]]''s has any phylogenetic significance then this clade may also include several other "tanager-finches" that share this feature</ref> This group despite having a rather varied bill morphology shows marked plumage similarities. Most are largely grey, blue, or black, and numerous have [[rust (color)|rufous]] on the underparts: * Genus ''[[Conirostrum]]'' – typical conebills (10 species) * Genus ''[[Oreomanes]]'' – Giant Conebill * Genus ''[[Xenodacnis]]'' – Tit-like Dacnis * Genus ''[[Catamenia (genus)|Catamenia]]'' (3 species) * Genus ''[[Diglossa (bird)|Diglossa]]'' – typical flowerpiercers (14 species) * Genus ''[[Diglossopis]]'' – blue flowerpiercers (4 species) * Genus ''[[Haplospiza]]'' (2 species). Paraphyletic with 2 species of sierra-finch ''[[Phrygilus]]''<ref>Klicka (2007)</ref> * Genus ''[[Acanthidops]]'' – Peg-billed Finch * Genus ''[[Phrygilus]]'' - sierra-finches (11 species)<ref>Webster & Webster (1999) & Klicka et al. (2007). Probably polyphyletic</ref> * Genus ''[[Sicalis]]'' – yellow-finches (12 species). Paraphyletic with ''[[Phrygilus]]''<ref name="Klicka et al. 2007">Klicka et al. (2007)</ref> b) True [[seedeater]]s. Traditionally placed in [[Emberizidae]]. These genera share a particular foot-[[scute]] pattern which suggests that they may form a monophyletic group<ref>Clark (1986)</ref>: [[Image:Sporophila-corvina-001.jpg|thumb|right|232px|Male [[Variable Seedeater]], ''Sporophila corvina'']] * Genus ''[[Sporophila]]'' – typical seedeaters (some 55 species) * Genus ''[[Oryzoborus]]'' (6 species)<ref>See Lijtmaer et al. (2004) & Robbins et al. (2005). Polyphyletic. Members of this genus are paraphyletic with various members of ''[[Sporophila]]''</ref> * Genus ''[[Dolospingus]]'' – White-naped Seedeater<ref>See Robbins et al. (2005). This species is nested within a group containing both ''[[Sporophila]]'' and ''[[Oryzoborus]]''</ref> * Genus ''[[Charitospiza]]'' – Coal-crested Finch c) "Yellow-rumped" clade<ref>Burns et al. (2003)</ref>: * Genus ''[[Heterospingus]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Chrysothlypis]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Hemithraupis]]'' (3 species) [[Image:Ramphocelus bresilius02.jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Brazilian Tanager]], ''Ramphocelus bresilius'']] d) "Crested" clade (Also contains ''[[Coryphospingus]]'' & ''[[Volatinia]]'' traditionally placed in the [[Emberizidae]]): * Genus ''[[Ramphocelus]]'' – silver-billed tanagers (9 species) * Genus ''[[Lanio]]'' – shrike-tanagers (4 species) * Genus ''[[Eucometis]]'' – Gray-headed Tanager * Genus ''[[Tachyphonus]]'' (8 species) * Genus ''[[Trichothraupis]]'' – Black-goggled Tanager * Genus ''[[Stephanophorus]] '' – Diademed Tanager * Genus ''[[Coryphospingus]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Volatinia]]'' – Blue-black Grassquit e) "Blue Finch" clade. Relationships within Thraupidae uncertain but may be related to "Poospiza" clade<ref>(See below: Group 1f)</ref>: * Genus ''[[Porphyrospiza]]'' - Blue Finch<ref>Klicka et al. (2007). This species formerly placed near ''[[Passerina]]'' in the [[Cardinalidae]] is related to ''[[Phrygilus alaudinus]]'' a tanager-finch</ref> * Genus? ''[[Phrygilus alaudinus]]''<ref>http://www.zoonomen.net/cit/RI/Genera/RIGenAZ.html</ref> - Band-tailed Sierra-finch [[File:SAÍ-CANÁRIO ( Thlypopsis sordida).jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Orange-headed Tanager]], ''Thlypopsis sordida'']] f) The "Poospiza" clade - a diverse but close-knit group containing both warbler and finch-like forms: * Genus ''[[Poospiza]]'' – Warbling-finches (15 species)<ref>Klicka et al. (2007). This genus is very likely polyphyletic within its clade</ref> * Genus ''[[Compsospiza]]'' - Mountain-finches (2 species) * Genus ''[[Cnemoscopus]]'' – Gray-hooded Bush Tanager * Genus ''[[Hemispingus]]'' – hemispinguses (12 species) * Genus ''[[Thlypopsis]]'' (6 species) * Genus ''[[Pyrrhocoma]]'' – Chestnut-headed Tanager * Genus ''[[Cypsnagra]]'' – White-rumped Tanager * Genus ''[[Nephelornis]] '' – Pardusco g) Grass & Pampa-finches. Relationships within Thraupidae uncertain but together form a well-supported clade<ref name="Klicka et al. 2007"/>: * Genus ''[[Emberizoides]]'' (3 species) * Genus ''[[Embernagra]]'' (2 species) [[File:Yellow-bridled finch male.jpg|thumb|right|232px|Male [[Yellow-bridled Finch]], ''Melanodera xanthogramma'']] h) A miscellaneous and likely [[polyphyletic]] group of unplaced "[[tanager-finches]]" (which may or may not include the species called [[Tanager-finch]]) whose members when studied will no doubt be relocated to other clades: * Genus ''[[Melanodera]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Rowettia]]'' – Gough Island Finch * Genus ''[[Nesospiza]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Gubernatrix]]'' – Yellow Cardinal * Genus ''[[Idiopsar]]'' – Short-tailed Finch * Genus ''[[Piezorhina]]'' – Cinereous Finch * Genus ''[[Xenospingus]]'' – Slender-billed Finch * Genus ''[[Incaspiza]]'' – inca-finches (5 species) * Genus ''[[Coryphaspiza]]'' – Black-masked Finch * Genus ''[[Rhodospingus]]'' – Crimson-breasted Finch * Genus ''[[Donacospiza]]'' – Long-tailed Reed-finch (may be related to ''[[Poospiza]]''<ref>Ridgely & Tudor (1989) p.472</ref>) i) Basal forms in group 1: *Genus ''[[Conothraupis]]'' (2 species) *Genus ''[[Orchesticus]]'' – Brown Tanager *Genus'' [[Creurgops]]'' (2 species) ===Group 2=== '''"Typical" colourful Tanagers''' [[Image:Darwin's finches.jpeg|thumb|right|232px|Diversity of [[Darwin's finches]]]] a) Tropical canopy tanagers: * Genus ''[[Thraupis]]'' - ''T. abbas & episcopus'' at least<ref>Klicka et al. (2007). Some members of this genus paraphyletic with respect to certain ''[[Tangara (genus)|Tangara]]''</ref> * Genus ''[[Tangara (genus)|Tangara]]'' (about 50 species) b) The "[[Tholospiza]]" - [[Darwin's finches]], [[grassquit]]s, atypical [[honeycreeper]]s and some [[seedeater]]s.<ref>See Burns et al. (2002) for the circumscription of this group the "domed nest clade" or "[[Tholospiza]]".</ref> The finch-like forms in this clade were formerly classified in the [[Emberizidae]]: * Genus ''[[Geospiza]]'' – ground finches (6 species) * Genus ''[[Camarhynchus]]'' – tree finches (5 species) * Genus ''[[Platyspiza]]'' - Vegetarian Finch * Genus ''[[Certhidea]]'' – Warbler Finch * Genus ''[[Pinaroloxias]]'' – Cocos Island Finch * Genus ''[[Melopyrrha]]'' – Cuban Bullfinch * Genus ''[[Coereba]]'' – Bananaquit. Formerly placed in own family [[Coerebidae]]<ref>See Burns et al. (2002). Exact affinities uncertain but probably sister species to ''Tiaris olivacea'' in the "Tholospiza"</ref> * Genus ''[[Tiaris]]'' – grassquits (5 species) - polyphyletic * Genus ''[[Loxipasser]]'' – Yellow-shouldered Grassquit * Genus ''[[Euneornis]]'' – Orangequit * Genus ''[[Melanospiza]]'' – St. Lucia Black Finch * Genus ''[[Loxigilla]]'' – Antillean bullfinches (3 species) - polyphyletic [[Image:Green-and-Gold Tanager.jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Green-and-gold Tanager]], ''Tangara schrankii'']] c) Mountain tanagers: * Genus'' [[Cyanicterus]] '' – Blue-backed Tanager * Genus'' [[Bangsia]] '' – (5 species) * Genus'' [[Buthraupis]] '' – (4 species) * Genus ''[[Chlorornis]]'' – Grass-green Tanager * Genus'' [[Wetmorethraupis]] '' – Orange-throated Tanager * Genus'' [[Anisognathus]] '' – (5 species) * Genus ''[[Dubusia]]'' – Buff-breasted Mountain-tanager * Genus'' [[Delothraupis]] '' – Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager * Genus? ''[[Saltator rufiventris]]'' - Rufous-bellied 'Saltator'<ref>See http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline10.html Apparently close to mountain-tanagers ''[[Dubusia]]'' and ''[[Delothraupis]]''</ref> [[Image:Blue Gray Tananger 1.jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Blue-gray Tanager]], ''Thraupis episcopus'']] d) Typical tanagers: * Genus'' [[Thraupis]]'' - ''[[Thraupis bonariensis]]'' at least belongs here * Genus'' [[Pipraeidea]] '' – Fawn-breasted Tanager * Genus'' [[Iridosornis]] '' (5 species) e) Typical multicoloured tanagers (includes ''[[Paroaria]]'' traditionally placed in either [[Emberizidae]] or [[Cardinalidae]]): * Genus ''[[Diuca]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Lophospingus]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Neothraupis]]'' – White-banded Tanager * Genus ''[[Cissopis]]'' – Magpie Tanager * Genus ''[[Paroaria]]'' (5–6 species) * Genus ''[[Schistochlamys]] '' (2 species) f) Green & Golden-collared Honeycreepers<ref>See Burns et al. (2003) for close relationship of these species</ref>: * Genus'' [[Chlorophanes]]'' – Green Honeycreeper * Genus'' [[Iridophanes]] '' – Golden-collared Honeycreeper g) Typical honeycreepers and relatives<ref>See Burns et al. (2003), Klicka et al. (2007) - may be closer to group 1</ref>: * Genus ''[[Tersina]] '' – Swallow Tanager * Genus ''[[Cyanerpes]]'', the typical honeycreepers (4 species) * Genus ''[[Pseudodacnis]] '' – Turquoise Dacnis-tanager * Genus ''[[Dacnis]]'', the dacnises (8 species) h) Basal lineages within group 2:[[Image:Chlorophanes spiza - male on feeder.jpg|thumb|right|232px|[[Green Honeycreeper]], ''Chlorophanes spiza'']] * Genus ''[[Chlorochrysa]]'' (3 species) * Genus ''[[Parkerthraustes]]'' – Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak (traditionally in Cardinalidae, but biochemical evidence<ref name="Klicka2007"/> suggests it is a tanager) * Genus ''[[Nemosia]]'' – (2 species) * Genus ''[[Compsothraupis]]'' – Scarlet-throated Tanager * Genus ''[[Sericossypha]]'' – White-capped Tanager ===Group 3=== '''Saltators''' * Genus ''[[Saltator]]'' (16 species; traditionally placed in [[Cardinalidae]], but biochemical evidence suggests they may be tanagers or a sister group<ref name="Klicka2007">Klicka & Spellman (2007)</ref>) * Genus ''[[Saltatricula]]'' – Many-colored Chaco-finch. Traditionally placed in the [[Emberizidae]] but may be related to one of the [[Saltator]]s<ref>See http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline10.html</ref><ref>Klicka et al. (2007). Apparently closest to ''[[Saltator atricollis]]'' and this species may require moving to ''[[Saltatricula]]''</ref> ===Thraupidae incertae sedis=== * Genus ''[[Mitrospingus]]'' (2 species) * Genus ''[[Orthogonys]]'' – Olive-green Tanager * Genus ''[[Calochaetes]]'' – Vermilion Tanager * Genus ''[[Catamblyrhynchus]]'' – Plushcap or Plush-capped Finch * Genus ''[[Oreothraupis]]'' – Tanager-finch<ref>See http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline10.html. May be related to the [[emberizine]] genus ''[[Atlapetes]]''</ref> * Genus ''[[Urothraupis]]'' – Black-backed Bush-tanager * Genus ''[[Rhodinocichla]]'' – Rosy Thrush-tanager * Genus ''[[Lamprospiza]]'' – Red-billed Pied Tanager * Genus ''[[Phaenicophilus]]'' – palm-tanagers (2 species) * Genus ''[[Xenoligea]]'' – White-winged warbler * Genus ''[[Microligea]]'' – Green-tailed warbler * Genus ''[[Calyptophilus]]'' – chat-tanagers (2 species) * Genus ''[[Nesospingus]]'' – Puerto Rican Tanager [[Image:Piranga ludoviciana2.jpg|thumb|right|232px|The [[Western Tanager]] (''Piranga ludoviciana'') seems to be closer to [[cardinal (bird)|cardinals]]]] ===Recently split from Thraupidae=== '''Related to '' [[Arremonops]]'' and other American sparrows in [[Emberizidae]]:''' *Genus ''[[Chlorospingus]]'' – bush-tanagers (around 10 species) '''Related to the [[Cardinal (bird)|cardinals]] in [[Cardinalidae]]<ref>See http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline11.html</ref>:''' *Genus'' [[Piranga]]'' – northern tanagers (9 species) *Genus'' [[Habia (bird)|Habia]]'' – ant-tanagers or habias (5 species) *Genus'' [[Chlorothraupis]]'' (3 species) *Genus ''[[Amaurospiza]]'' (4 species; apparently very close to ''[[Cyanocompsa]]'') * Genus ''[[Spindalis]]'' – spindalises (4 species). '''[[Fringillidae]], subfamily [[Euphoniinae]]:''' * Genus ''[[Euphonia]]'' (over 25 species) * Genus ''[[Chlorophonia]]'' (5 species) ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * Bent, A. Life Histories of Blackbirds, Orioles, Tanagers, and Allies. New York:Dover Publications:1965. 549 p. * Burns, K. J., S. J. Hackett, and N. K. Klein. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Darwin's finches and their relatives. Evolution 56: 1240-1252. * Burns, K. J., S. J. Hackett, and N. K. Klein. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical honeycreepers and the evolution of feeding morphology. J. Avian Biology 34: 360-370. * Clark, G. A., JR. 1986. Systematic interpretations of foot-scute patterns of Neotropical finches. Wilson Bull. 98: 594-597. * Fjeldså J. and Rahbek C. (2006). Diversification of tanagers, a species rich bird group, largely follows lowlands to montane regions of South America. Integrative and Comparative Biology 46(1):72-81. Download - http://intl-icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/46/1/72. * Greeney, H. 2005. Nest and eggs of the Yellow-whiskered Bush Tanager in Eastern Ecuador. Ornitologia Neotropical 16: 437- 438. * Hellmayr, C. E. 1935. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana Zoology v.13, pt.8. - for "Coerebidae". (Download available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofbirds138hell) * Hellmayr, C. E. 1936. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana Zoology v.13, pt.9. Tersinidae - Thraupidae. (Download available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofbirds139hell) * Hellmayr, C. E. 1938. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana Zoology v.13, pt.11. Ploceidae - Catamblyrhynchidae - Fringillidae. (Download available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofbirdso1311hell) * Infonatura. 2005 June. [http://www.natureserve.org Birds, mammals, and amphibians of Latin America] Accessed 2006 March 4. * Isler M. Isler P. The Tanagers a Natural History, Distribution, and Identification. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press: 1987. 404 p. * Klicka, J., K. Burns, & G. M. Spellman. 2007. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 1014-1032 * Latta, S. 2006. et al. ''Aves de la República Dominicana y Haití''. Princeton University Press. * Lijtmaer, D. A., N. M. Sharpe, P. L. Tubaro & S. C. Lougheed. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics and diversification of the genus Sporophila (Aves: Passeriformes). Mol. Philo. Evol. 33:562-579. * Lougheed, S. C., J. R. Freeland, P. Handford, & I. T. Boag. 2000. A molecular phylogeny of warbling-finches (Poospiza): paraphyly in a Neotropical emberizid genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17: 367-378. * Montereybay. 2000 July. 6-11. [http://montereybay.com/creagrus/Tanagers.html Tanagers: Thraupidae] Accessed 2006 March 4. * Naoki, K. 2003. Evolution of Ecological Diversity in the Neotropical Tanagers of the Genus Tangara (Aves: Thraupidae). Dissertation available online, given to Louisiana State University. * Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. 1989. The Birds of South America, vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin. * Robbins, M. B., M. J. Braun, C. J. Huddleston, D. W. Finch, & C. M. Milensky (2005). First Guyana records, natural history, and systematics of the White-winged Seedeater (Dolospingus fringilloides). Ibis 147:334-341. * Sato, A., C. O'Huigin, F. Figueroa, P. R. Grant, B. R. Grant, H. Tichy, and J. Klein. 1999. Phylogeny of Darwin's finches as revealed by mtDNA sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 96: 5101-5106. * Webster, J.D. & Webster, J.R. 1999. Skeletons and the genera. of sparrows (Emberizinae). Auk 116: 1054–1074. * Yuri, T., and D. P. Mindell. 2002. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, "New World nine-primaried oscines" (Aves: Passeriformes) Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 23:229-243. ==External links== {{Commons category multi|Thraupidae|Tanagers}} *[http://www.junglewalk.com/sound/Tanager-sounds.htm Jungle-walk.com Tanager pictures] *[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/tanagers-allies-thraupidae Tanager videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection *{{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Thraupidae/|Thraupidae}} [[Category:Thraupidae|*]] [[Category:Tanagers|*]] [[br:Thraupidae]] [[bg:Тангари]] [[ca:Tàngara]] [[cs:Tangarovití]] [[de:Tangaren]] [[es:Thraupidae]] [[eo:Traŭpedoj]] [[fr:Thraupidae]] [[ga:Tanagair]] [[he:טנגריים]] [[lt:Tanagriniai]] [[hu:Tangarafélék]] [[nl:Thraupidae]] [[ja:フウキンチョウ科]] [[nn:Tanagarar]] [[pl:Tanagry]] [[pt:Thraupidae]] [[ru:Танагровые]] [[fi:Tangarat]] [[sv:Tangaror]]'