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'{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}} {{Use British English|date=July 2012}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Sir John Herschel, Bt |image = John Herschel by Jula Margaret Cameron, Abril 1867.jpg |caption = 1867 photograph by<br />[[Julia Margaret Cameron]] |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1792|03|07}} |birth_place = [[Slough]], then [[Buckinghamshire]] now [[Berkshire]], [[England]] |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1871|05|11|1792|03|07}} |death_place = Collingwood, near [[Hawkhurst]], [[Kent]], [[England]] |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = The invention of [[photography]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |signature = |footnotes = }} [[File:John Herschel 1846.png|thumb|right|<center>'''John Herschel 1846'''</center><ref>John Timbs, ''The Year-book of Facts in Science and Art,'' London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1846</ref>]] [[File:Disa cornuta00.jpg|thumb|<center>'''''Disa cornuta'' (L.) Sw.'''</center><center>by Margaret & John Herschel</center>]] '''Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet''', [[Royal Guelphic Order|KH]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (7 March 1792&nbsp;– 11 May 1871)<ref name=HersNAH> "Herschel | Sir | John Frederick William | 1792-1871 | astronomer" (biography), [[NAHSTE]] project, [[University of Edinburgh]], [http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0327.html NAHSTE-JHerschel]. </ref> was an [[England|English]] [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], [[chemist]], and experimental [[photographer]]/inventor, who in some years also did valuable [[botanical]] work.<ref name=HersNAH/> He was the son of Mary Baldwin and astronomer Sir [[William Herschel]] and the father of 12 children.<ref name=HersNAH/> Herschel originated the use of the [[Julian day]] system in [[astronomy]]. He named seven [[moons of Saturn]] and four [[moons of Uranus]]. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated [[colour blindness]] and the chemical power of [[ultraviolet]] rays. ==Early life and work on astronomy== Herschel was born in [[Slough]], [[Berkshire]], and studied shortly at [[Eton College]] and [[St John's College, Cambridge]]. He graduated as [[Senior wrangler]] in 1813.<ref name=Venn>{{Venn|id=HRSL808JF|name=Herschel, John Frederick William}}</ref> It was during his time as an undergraduate that he became friends with [[Charles Babbage]] and [[George Peacock]].<ref name=HersNAH/> He took up astronomy in 1816, building a reflecting telescope with a mirror {{convert|18|in|mm}} in diameter and with a {{convert|20|ft|m|sing=on}} focal length. Between 1821 and 1823 he re-examined, with [[James South]], the double stars catalogued by his father. For this work he was presented in 1826 with the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] (which he won again in 1836), and with the [[Lalande Medal]] of the [[French Academy of Sciences]] in 1825, while in 1821 the [[Royal Society]] bestowed upon him the [[Copley Medal]] for his mathematical contributions to their Transactions. Herschel was made a Knight of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]] in 1831.<ref name=HersNAH/> His ''A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy'' published early in 1831 as part of ''Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet cyclopædia'' set out methods of scientific investigation with an orderly relationship between observation and theorising. He described nature as being governed by laws which were difficult to discern or to state mathematically, and the highest aim of [[natural philosophy]] was understanding these laws through [[inductive reasoning]], finding a single unifying explanation for a phenomenon. This became an authoritative statement with wide influence on science, particularly at the [[University of Cambridge]] where it inspired the student [[Charles Darwin]] with "a burning zeal" to contribute to this work.<ref>{{Harvnb|Darwin|1958|pp=[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=69 67–68]}}<br>{{Harvnb|Browne|1995|pp=128, 133}}</ref><ref name=Letter94>{{Citation |url=http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-94.html#mark-94.f2 |title=Darwin Correspondence Project - Letter 94 — Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., (15 Feb 1831) |accessdate=2008-12-11}}</ref> He published a catalogue of his astronomical observations in 1864, as the ''[[General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters]]'', a compilation of his own work and that of his father's, expanding on the senior Hershel's ''[[Catalogue of Nebulae]]''. A further complementary volume was published posthumously, as the ''[[General Catalogue of 10,300 Multiple and Double Stars]]''. ==Visit to South Africa== Declining an offer from the [[Duke of Sussex]] that they travel to [[South Africa]] on a Navy ship, Herschel and his wife paid £500 for passage on the S.S. ''Mountstuart Elphinstone'', a ship of 611 tons, which departed from Portsmouth on 13 November 1833. The voyage to South Africa was made in order to catalogue the stars, nebulae, and other objects of the southern skies.<ref name=HersNAH/> This was to be a completion as well as extension of the survey of the northern heavens undertaken initially by his father [[William Herschel]]. He arrived in [[Cape Town]] on 15 January 1834 and set up a private {{convert|21|ft|m|abbr=on}} telescope at Feldhausen at [[Wynberg]]. Amongst his other observations during this time was that of the return of [[Comet Halley]]. Herschel collaborated with [[Thomas Maclear]], the Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope, and the two families became close friends. However, in addition to his astronomical work, this voyage to a far corner of the British empire also gave Herschel an escape from the pressures under which he found himself in London, where he was one of the most sought-after of all British men of science. While in southern Africa, he engaged in a broad variety of scientific pursuits free from a sense of strong obligations to a larger scientific community. It was, he later recalled, probably the happiest time in his life. In an extraordinary departure from astronomy, he combined his talents with those of his wife, Margaret, and between 1834 and 1838 they produced 131 botanical illustrations of fine quality, showing the Cape flora. John Herschel used a [[camera lucida]] to obtain accurate outlines of the specimens and left the details to his wife. Even though their portfolio had been intended as a personal record, and despite the lack of floral dissections in the paintings, their accurate rendition makes them more valuable than contemporary collections. Some 112 of the 132 known flower studies were collected and published as "''Flora Herscheliana''" in 1996. As their home during their stay in the Cape, they had selected 'Feldhausen', an old estate on the south-east side of [[Table Mountain]]. Here he set up his reflector to begin his survey of the southern skies. Intrigued by the ideas of gradual formation of landscapes set out in [[Charles Lyell]]'s ''Principles of Geology'', he wrote to Lyell on 20 February 1836 praising the book as a work which would bring "a complete revolution in [its] subject, by altering entirely the point of view in which it must thenceforward be contemplated." and opening a way for bold speculation on "that mystery of mysteries, the replacement of extinct species by others." Herschel himself thought [[catastrophism|catastrophic extinction and renewal]] "an inadequate conception of the Creator", and by analogy with other [[Physical law|intermediate causes]] "the origination of fresh species, could it ever come under our cognizance, would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process".<ref name=hersch>{{harvnb|van Wyhe|2007|p=[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=21 197]}}<br>{{harvnb|Babbage|1838|pp=[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A25&pageseq=232 225–227]}}</ref> He prefaced his words with the couplet: :''He that on such quest would go must know not fear or failing'' :''To coward soul or faithless heart the search were unavailing.'' Taking a gradualist view of development and referring to the evolution of language, he commented :"Words are to the Anthropologist what rolled pebbles are to the Geologist &mdash; battered relics of past ages often containing within them indelible records capable of intelligent interpretation &mdash; and when we see what amount of change 2000 years has been able to produce in the languages of Greece & Italy or 1000 in those of Germany France & Spain we naturally begin to ask how long a period must have lapsed since the Chinese, the Hebrew, the Delaware & the Malesass [Malagasy] had a point in common with the German & Italian & each other &mdash; Time! Time! Time! &mdash; we must not impugn the Scripture Chronology, but we ''must'' interpret it in accordance with ''whatever'' shall appear on fair enquiry to be the ''truth'' for there cannot be two truths. And really there is scope enough: for the lives of the Patriarchs may as reasonably be extended to 5000 or 50000 years apiece as the days of Creation to as many thousand millions of years."<ref name=dm215>{{harvnb|Desmond|Moore|1991|pp=214–215}}</ref><ref name="Letter 346">{{Citation |url=http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-346#mark-346.f5 |title=Letter 346 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Feb 1837 Darwin Correspondence Project |publisher=Darwin Correspondence Project |accessdate=2010-04-30}}</ref> The document was circulated, and [[Charles Babbage]] incorporated extracts in his ninth and unofficial ''[[Bridgewater Treatise]]'', which postulated laws set up by a divine programmer.<ref name=hersch/> When [[The Voyage of the Beagle|HMS ''Beagle'']] called at [[Cape Town]], Captain [[Robert FitzRoy]] and the young naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] visited Herschel on 3 June 1836. Later on, Darwin would be influenced by Herschel's writings in developing his theory advanced in ''[[The Origin of Species]]''. In the opening lines of that work, Darwin writes that his intent is "to throw some light on the origin of species &mdash; that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers", referring to Herschel. Herschel returned to England in 1838, was created a [[Herschel Baronets|baronet]], of Slough in the County of Buckingham,<ref name=HersNAH/> and published ''Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope'' in 1847. In this publication he proposed the names still used today for the seven then-known satellites of [[Saturn]]: [[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]], [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]], [[Tethys (moon)|Tethys]], [[Dione (moon)|Dione]], [[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]], [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], and [[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]].<ref> "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 8, page 42" (archive), [[NASA]], 2004, ''ADsabs.Harvard.edu'' webpage: [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0008//0000042.000.html Adsabs-MNRAS]. </ref> In the same year, Herschel received his second Copley Medal from the Royal Society for this work. A few years later, in 1852, he proposed the names still used today for the four then-known satellites of [[Uranus]]: [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]], [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]], [[Titania (moon)|Titania]], and [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]]. [[File:John Frederick William Herschel00.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait of Sir John Herschel by his daughter Margaret Louisa Herschel]] ==Photography== Herschel made numerous important contributions to photography. He made improvements in [[photographic processes]], particularly in inventing the [[cyanotype]] process and variations (such as the [[chrysotype]]), the precursors of the modern [[blueprint]] process. He experimented with color reproduction, noting that rays of different parts of the spectrum tended to impart their own color to a photographic paper. He collaborated in the early 1840s with [[Henry Collen]], portrait painter to Queen Victoria. Herschel originally discovered the platinum process on the basis of the light sensitivity of platinum salts, later developed by [[William Willis (inventor)|William Willis]].<ref>[http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/exhibition/iapp/Glossary/W_10.htm William Willis]</ref> Unaware that the term ''photographie'' had already been coined by [[Hercules Florence]] in 1834{{fact|date=September 2012}}, Herschel also coined the term in 1839. He applied the terms ''negative'' and ''positive'' to photography.<ref name=HersNAH/> He discovered [[sodium thiosulfate]] to be a solvent of silver [[halide]]s in 1819,<ref name=HerschHypo>{{Citation|last=Herschel|first=John|title=On the Hyposulphurous Acid and its Compounds|journal=The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal|year=1819|volume=1|pages=19|url=http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghphilos05edingoog|accessdate=15 April 2011|postscript=.}}</ref> and informed [[William Fox Talbot|Talbot]] and [[Daguerre]] of his discovery that this "hyposulphite of soda" ("hypo") could be used as a [[photographic fixer]], to "fix" pictures and make them permanent, after experimentally applying it thus in early 1839. His ground-breaking research on the subject was read at the Royal Society in London in March 1839 and January 1840. ==General== Herschel wrote many papers and articles, including entries on meteorology, physical geography and the telescope for the eighth edition of the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].<ref name=HersNAH/> He also translated The Iliad of Homer. {{further|English translations of Homer#Herschel}} He invented the [[actinometer]] in 1825 to measure the direct heating power of the sun's rays,<ref> {{Citation | journal = Science | title = Notes and News | volume = 3 | issue = 64 | publisher = | page = 527 | date = 25 April 1884 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=h6zq_tFWAvUC&pg=PA527&dq=herschel+actinometer#v=onepage&q=herschel%20actinometer&f=false | author1 = Science | first1 = American Association for the Advancement of | postscript = . | doi = 10.1126/science.ns-3.64.524 |bibcode = 1884Sci.....3..524. }}</ref> and his work with the instrument is of great importance in the early history of [[photochemistry]]. He proposed a correction to the Gregorian calendar, making years that are multiples of 4000 not leap years, thus reducing the average length of the [[calendar year]] from 365.2425 days to 365.24225.<ref> {{Citation | title = Outlines of Astronomy | author = John Herschel | publisher = | year = 1849 | isbn = | page = | url = http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-94926 }}</ref> Although this is closer to the [[mean tropical year]] of 365.24219 days, his proposal has never been adopted because the Gregorian calendar is based on the mean time between vernal equinoxes (currently 365.2424 days).<ref> {{Citation | title = Marking time: the epic quest to invent the perfect calendar | author = Duncan Steel | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-471-29827-4 | page = 185 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=fsni_qV-FJoC&pg=PA185&dq=4000+gregorian+divisible+error+herschel&q=4000%20gregorian%20divisible%20error%20herschel }}</ref> In 1836, he was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. In 1835, the ''[[New York Sun (historical)|New York Sun]]'' newspaper wrote a series of satiric articles that came to be known as the [[Great Moon Hoax]], with statements falsely attributed to Herschel about his supposed discoveries of animals living on the [[Moon]], including batlike winged humanoids.<ref>[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Cosmic-Errors.html?c=y&page=1 Cosmic Errors], Smithsonian magazine, December 2010</ref> The village of Herschel in western Saskatchewan (Canada), [[Mount Herschel]] ([[Antarctica]]), the crater [[J. Herschel (crater)|J. Herschel]] on the Moon, and the [[Herschel Girls School]] in [[Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]]), are all named after him. While it is commonly accepted that Herschel Island (in the [[Arctic Ocean]], part of the [[Yukon Territory]]) was named after him, the entries in the expedition journal of Sir [[John Franklin]] state that the latter wished to honour the Herschel name, about which John Herschel’s father (Sir [[William Herschel]]) and his aunt ([[Caroline Herschel]]) constitute two other notable members of this family.<ref>Burn, C. R. (2009), "After whom is Herschel Island named"? Arctic 62 (3):317–323.</ref> ==Influences== *[[Charles Darwin]] *[[Michael Faraday]] *[[James Clerk Maxwell]] :Economics *[[John Stuart Mill]] *[[William Stanley Jevons]] ==Family== [[File:Margaret Herschel00.jpg|thumb|left|<center>'''Margaret Brodie Stewart'''</center><center>by [[Alfred Edward Chalon]] 1829</center>]] [[File:John Herschel00.jpg|thumb|upright|<center>'''John Frederick William Herschel'''</center><center>by [[Alfred Edward Chalon]] 1829</center>]] He married '''Margaret Brodie Stewart''' (1810–1884) on 3 March 1829 at Edinburgh and produced the following children: # Caroline Emilia Mary Herschel (31 March 1830 – 29 Jan 1909), who married [[Alexander Hamilton-Gordon (1817-1890)|Alexander Hamilton-Gordon]] # Isabella Herschel (5 June 1831 – 1893) # Sir [[William James Herschel]], 2nd Bt. (9 January 1833 – 1917), # Margaret Louisa Herschel (1834–1861), an accomplished artist # Prof. [[Alexander Stewart Herschel]] (1836–1907), FRS # Col. John Herschel (1837–1921), FRS, FRAS, surveyor # Maria Sophie Herschel (1839–1929) # Amelia Herschel (1841–1926) married Sir [[Thomas Francis Wade]], diplomat and sinologist # Julia Mary Herschel (1842–1933) married on 4 June 1878 to Captain (later [[Admiral]]) [[John Maclear|John Fiot Lee Pearse Maclear]] # Matilda Rose Herschel (1844–1914) # Francisca Herschel (1846–1932) # Constance Ann Herschel (1855–20 Jun 1939) On his death at Collingwood, his home near [[Hawkhurst]] in Kent, he was given a national funeral and buried in [[Westminster Abbey]]. ==Bibliography== * ''On the Aberration of Compound Lenses and Object-Glasses'' (1821);<ref name=HersNAH/> * Book-length articles on "Light", "Sound" and "Physical Astrononmy" for the ''Encyclopaedia Metropolitana'' (30 vols. 1817-45) * ''A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy'', part of ''Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet cyclopædia'' (1831, new edition 1840);<ref name=Letter94/><ref>''John Hershell, [http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A276&pageseq=1 A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy]'', 1831</ref> * ''Outlines of Astronomy'' (1849);<ref name=HersNAH/> * ''General Catalogue of 10,300 Multiple and Double Stars'' (published posthumously); * ''Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects''; * ''General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters''; * ''Manual of Scientific Inquiry'' (ed.), (1849);<ref name=HersNAH/> * ''Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects'' (1867).<ref name=HersNAH/> * {{Citation | issn = 02610523 | volume = 130 | pages = 1–59 | last = Herschel | first = John F. W. | title = On the Chemical Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Preparations of Silver and Other Substances, Both Metallic and Non-Metallic, and on Some Photographic Processes | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London | date = 1840-02-20 |bibcode = 1840RSPT..130....1H | jstor = 108209 | doi = 10.1098/rstl.1840.0002 | postscript = . }} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Further reading== *{{Citation | last =Babbage | first = Charles | author-link = Charles Babbage | title = The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise | place = London | publisher = John Murray | year = 1838 | edition = 2nd | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A25&pageseq=1 | accessdate =2009-02-02 }} *{{Citation | last = Browne | first = E. Janet | author-link = Janet Browne | year = 1995 | title = Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging | publication-place = London | publisher = Jonathan Cape | isbn = 1-84413-314-1 }} *{{Citation | last = Darwin | first = Charles | author-link = | year = 1958 | editor-last = Barlow | editor-first = Nora | editor-link =Nora Barlow | title =[[The Autobiography of Charles Darwin]] 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow | publication-place = London | publisher = Collins | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html | accessdate =2008-12-11 }} *{{citation | last = Desmond | first = Adrian | authorlink = Adrian Desmond | last2 = Moore | first2 = James | author2-link = James Moore (biographer) | year = 1991 | title = Darwin | location = London | publisher = Michael Joseph, Penguin Group | isbn = 0-7181-3430-3}} *{{Citation | last = van Wyhe | first = John | title = Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years? | journal = Notes and Records of the Royal Society | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 177–205 | date = 27 March 2007 | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171 | url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=1 | accessdate =2009-02-02 }} * {{Citation |last=Herschel|first=John|title=On the Hyposulphurous Acid and its Compounds|journal=The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal|year=1819|volume=1|pages=8–29|url=http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghphilos05edingoog|accessdate=15 April 2011}} * Herschel, John. (1830). ''A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy''. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green and John Taylor (reissued by [[Cambridge University Press]], 2009; ISBN 978-1-108-00017-8) * Herschel, John. (1833). ''A Treatise on Astronomy''. Longmans, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman and John Taylor (reissued by [[Cambridge University Press]], 2009; ISBN 978-1-108-00554-8) ==External links== {{wikisource-author}} * [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Herschel.html Biographical information] * [http://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100311230213/http://www.midley.co.uk/articles/14march1839.htm R. Derek Wood (2008), 'Fourteenth March 1839, Herschel's Key to Photography'] * [http://www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk/ Herschel Museum of Astronomy] * [http://assa.saao.ac.za/resource/Chronology4.doc. Chronology of Astronomy in South Africa] * [[wikisource:Astronomische Nachrichten/Volume 44/Auszug aus einem Briefe des Herrn J. F. W. Herschel an den Herausgeber|Wikisource copy of a notice from 1823 concerning the star catalogue]], published in [[Astronomische Nachrichten]] {{Authority control|VIAF=9887999}} {{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{s-bef|before=[[Richard Lalor Sheil]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Master of the Mint]]|years=1850&ndash;1855 }} {{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]]}} {{s-reg|uk-bt}} {{s-new|creation}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Herschel Baronets|Baronet]]'''<br />(of Slough)|years='''1838&ndash;1871 }} {{s-aft|after=[[Sir William Herschel, 2nd Baronet|William James Herschel]]}} {{s-end}} {{Copley Medallists 1801-1850}} {{Persondata | NAME = Herschel, John | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = 7 March 1792 | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Slough]], then [[Buckinghamshire]] now [[Berkshire]], [[England]] | DATE OF DEATH = 11 May 1871 | PLACE OF DEATH = Collingwood, near [[Hawkhurst]], [[Kent]], [[England]] }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Herschel, John}} [[Category:1792 births]] [[Category:1871 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century astronomers]] [[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:English astronomers]] [[Category:English scientists]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:English people of German descent]] [[Category:English people of Jewish descent]] [[Category:Knights of the Royal Guelphic Order]] [[Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] [[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]] [[Category:People educated at Eton College]] [[Category:Pioneers of photography]] [[Category:18th-century English people]] [[Category:19th-century English people]] [[Category:19th-century photographers]] [[Category:People from Slough]] [[Category:Masters of the Mint]] [[Category:Royal Medal winners]] [[Category:Senior Wranglers]] {{Link GA|cs}} {{Link FA|he}} [[ar:جون هيرشل]] [[be:Джон Гершэль]] [[bg:Джон Хершел]] [[ca:John Herschel]] [[cs:John Herschel]] [[da:John Herschel]] [[de:John Herschel]] [[el:Τζον Χέρσελ]] [[es:John Herschel]] [[eo:John Herschel]] [[fa:جان هرشل]] [[fr:John Herschel]] [[gl:John Herschel]] [[ko:존 허셜]] [[hr:John Herschel]] [[it:John Herschel]] [[he:ג'ון הרשל]] [[lv:Džons Heršels]] [[lb:John Herschel]] [[hu:John Herschel]] [[mr:जॉन हर्षल]] [[nl:John Herschel]] [[ja:ジョン・ハーシェル]] [[no:John Herschel]] [[pms:John Herschel]] [[pl:John Herschel]] [[pt:John Herschel]] [[ro:John Herschel]] [[ru:Гершель, Джон]] [[scn:John Herschel]] [[simple:John Herschel]] [[sk:John Herschel]] [[sl:John Frederick William Herschel]] [[sr:Џон Хершел]] [[sh:John Herschel]] [[fi:John Herschel]] [[sv:John Herschel]] [[th:จอห์น เฮอร์เชล]] [[tr:John Herschel]] [[uk:Джон Гершель]] [[vec:John Herschel]] [[zh:約翰·赫歇爾]]'