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'{{expand language|topic=|langcode=hu|otherarticle=Nyíregyháza|date=October 2012}} {{more footnotes|date=October 2012}} {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |image_skyline = Nyiregyhaza11.JPG |image_caption = City center |image_shield =HUN_Nyíregyháza_COA.jpg |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = HU |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{HUN}} |timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |timezone_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 |pushpin_map =Hungary |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption =Location of Nyíregyháza |pushpin_mapsize = |official_name=Nyíregyháza |map=<!--<div style="position: relative">[[File:HU county Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg.svg|275px]]<div style="position: absolute; left: 221px; top: 38px">[[File:Red Dot.gif]]</div></div>-->| subdivision_type1=[[Counties of Hungary|County]] |subdivision_name1=[[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg]] |area_total_km2=274.46 |population_total=117852{{increase}} | population_rank =[[List of cities and towns in Hungary|7th]] |population_footnotes= |population_as_of=2011 |population_density_km2=425.92 |postal_code_type=[[Postal code]] |postal_code=4400 |area_code=42 |latd=47.95306 |longd=21.72713 }} '''Nyíregyháza''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈɲiːrɛɟhaːzɒ|-|hu-Nyíregyháza.ogg}}) is a city in northeastern [[Hungary]] and the county capital of [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg]]. With a population of 118,000, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and is one of the leading cities of Northern Hungary and of the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain ([[Alföld]]). Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economical and cultural center of the region. Its [[Nyíregyháza Zoo|zoo]], exhibiting more than 300 species including real rarities, is recognized throughout Europe. == Geography == Nyíregyháza is located in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county in the northern Plain region (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hajdú-Bihar county, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county). It is the most important city of North Hungary, in all respects the center of the region. It is located in the center of [[Nyírség]] as an agricultural town. The boundaries of the city are often understood as a very broad frame, because generally the near suburbs are included in them. It is located at the intersections of routes 4, 41, 36 and 38, therefore the city is easy to reach by road. Sub-Carpathia and Transylvania cannot be reached without passing the city<!--a debatable point-->. == History == [[File:Takarekpalota-nyiregyhaza.JPG|left|thumb|]] The first written mentions of Nyíregyháza date back to 1209, although it was then called simply ''Nyír'' ('[[birch]]'), after the ''Nyírseg'', the greater region in which the city lies. A source from 1326 <!-- OR 1236? -->mentions that by then the city already had a [[Church (building)|church]], hence the second part of the name, ''egyház'' (meaning 'church, cathedral' but literally 'one/singular house'). In the middle of the 15th century the town had about 400 inhabitants. In the 16th century, during the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] occupation of Hungary, Nyíregyháza became deserted; it was resettled only in the 1630s – 1640s. After the [[Rákóczi's War for Independence|War for Independence]] led by Prince [[Francis II Rákóczi]], the population of the town increased. Most of the new settlers were [[Slovaks]] from the area of Békéscsaba. In 1786 Nyíregyháza was granted the right to hold four market days a year; by this time the town was the biggest town of the county with 7,500 inhabitants. In the early 19th century Nyíregyháza was wealthy enough to become free from its [[feudalism|feudal]] lords, the Dessewffy and Károlyi families. During these prosperous years the town got a new town hall, a hospital, several schools and a restaurant by the nearby lake ''Sóstó'' ("Salty Lake"). The inhabitants of the town took an active part in the [[Hungary#The_1848_Revolution_.281848-1849.29_and_aftermath|revolution and war for independence in 1848-49]], and after the suppression of the revolution several citizens were imprisoned, among them the mayor, Márton Hatzel. In the second half of the 19th century Nyíregyháza became more and more urbanized and in 1876 the town became the county seat of [[Szabolcs (county)|Szabolcs]] county (which is now part of the larger integrated county [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg]]). In 1858 the railroad line reached Nyíregyháza; several new buildings were built, including a telegraph office, the main post office and the theater. In 1911 the construction of tramways was finished. After the many trials and tribulations of [[World War I]], Nyíregyháza was under [[Romania]]n occupation for ten months. Between the two world wars the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of becoming free from its feudal landowners. During [[World War II]] more than 6,000 of the city's [[Jew]]ish inhabitants were [[holocaust|deported]], and another 2,000 citizens were sent to Russian labor camps (colloquially called ''[[malenky robot]]''). Several buildings were destroyed, too, including the Status Quo Synagogue, whose front wall has been preserved; it is now in Nyíregyháza's Jewish Cemetery.<ref>Grand Rabbi Joseph Leifer of Nyíregyháza is buried in the cemetery. He was the son of the world-renowned Rabbi, Rabbi Mordachai of Nadvorna, and he settled in Nyíregyháza after World War I where he attracted a large following. His grave site is visited annually by thousands of Hasidim.</ref> From the 1960s the city grew and developed quickly. Today, Nyíregyháza is one of the most prosperous cities of Hungary, being both an educational center and a popular tourist destination. == Antisemitism == On November 20, 2011 the monument commemorating the Holocaust in the city was desecrated by unknown people. The local police started an investigation of the event. == Population == {{Historical populations |type = |footnote = |1870 | 13015 |1890 | 18996 |1900 | 28073 |1910 | 33444 |1920 | 38751 |1930 | 46522 |1941 | 53917 |1949 | 48382 |1960 | 56834 |1970 | 75245 |1980 | 108235 |1990 | 114152 |2001 | 118795 |2011 | 117852 }} == Tourist sights == [[File:nyíregyhaza cathedral.jpg|thumb|right|Nyiregyháza's Roman Catholic church with the newly-built fountain in the foreground]] [[File:Nyiregyhaza megyehaza.jpg|thumb|County Hall]] Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage. * Collection of the International Medallion Art and Small Sculpture Creative Community of Nyíregyháza-Sóstó – periodic exhibitions of works of contemporary artists ==International relations== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}} ===Twin towns — Sister cities=== Nyíregyháza is [[town twinning|twinned]] with : {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | * {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Prešov]], [[Slovakia]] * {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Iserlohn]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kajaani]], [[Finland]] * {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Kiryat Motzkin]], [[Israel]] * {{flagicon|POL}} [[Rzeszów]], [[Poland]]<ref name="Rzeszów">{{cite web |url=http://www.rzeszow.pl/wspolpraca-miedzynarodowa/informacja-o-wspolpracy-rzeszowa-z-miastami-partnerskimi/668,informacja-o-wsp-lpracy-rzeszowa-z-miastami-partnerskimi.html |title=Serwis informacyjny UM Rzeszów - Informacja o współpracy Rzeszowa z miastami partnerskimi |publisher=www.rzeszow.pl |accessdate=2010-02-02 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> * {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague 10]], [[Czech Republic]] || * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Sankt Pölten]], [[Austria]] * {{flagicon|GBR}} [[St Albans]], [[United Kingdom]] * {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Satu Mare]], [[Romania]]<ref name="Nyíregyháza-Satu Mare">{{cite web|url=http://www.prefecturasatumare.ro/santoma/infratiri%20satu%20mare.htm|title=TABEL privind LOCALITÃŢILE ÎNFRĂŢITE cu localităţile din judeţul Satu Mare|publisher=www.prefecturasatumare.ro|language=Romanian|accessdate=2009-06-27}}</ref> * {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Uzhhorod]], [[Ukraine]] * {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], [[Ukraine]]<ref name="Ivano-Frankivsk">{{Cite web|url= http://www.mvk.if.ua/news/4114/|title=Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська|work=mvk.if.ua|language=Ukrainian|accessdate=7 March 2010}}</ref> |} ==Broadcasting== Near Nyíregyháza, at {{coord|47|56|12.17|N|21|45|28.35|E|type:landmark|name=Nyíregyháza Radio Mast}}, stands the oldest radio mast in Hungary. Built in 1925, it is a 115 metre tall guyed mast radiator, used for broadcasting on 1251&nbsp;kHz ([[AM broadcasting|AM]]). ==Notes== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Notable residents== * [[Ibolya Oláh]] - singer == Further reading == {{expand article|date=February 2012}} <div class="references-small"> * [http://www.caboodle.hu/nc/news/news_archive/single_page/?tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=8772 Bronze Age settlement and a former Sarmatian burial ground discovered in Nyíregyháza] </div> ==External links== * {{Wikivoyage-inline}} * [http://vendeglatas.haon.hu/ Restaurant, bar, pub, daily menu & gastro guide from Nyíregyháza] {{hu icon}} * [http://www.nyirhalo.hu:51080/nyiregyhaza/eng/english.php Official site] {{en icon}} * [http://www.furdohaz.hu/ Sóstó Thermal Bath] {{hu icon}} * [http://www.sostozoo.hu/index.htm Sóstó Zoo] * [http://www.nyirport.hu Nyíregyházi Hírportál - hírek - news] {{hu icon}} * [http://www.nyiron.hu/ A portal site] {{hu icon}} * [http://www.indexkelet.hu/ Index-Kelet - local news] {{hu icon}} * [http://www.happyartfestival.hu/ Happy Art Festival site in English] * [http://www.caboodle.hu/nc/news/news_archive/single_page/?tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=8772 Bronze Age settlement and a former Sarmatian burial ground discovered in Nyíregyháza] {{Principal cities of Hungary}} {{Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg}} {{Hungarian counties}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyiregyhaza}} [[Category:Nyíregyháza| ]] [[Category:County seats in Hungary]] [[Category:Populated places in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county]]'