Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}', 1 => '[[File:Vincenzo bellini.jpg|thumb|Vincenzo Bellini]]', 2 => false, 3 => ''''Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini''' ({{IPA-it|vinˈtʃɛntso salvaˈtoːre karˈmɛːlo franˈtʃesko belˈliːni|lang}}; 3 November 1801 &ndash; 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer. A native of [[Catania]] in [[Sicily]], his greatest works are ''[[I Capuleti ed i Montecchi]]'' (1830), ''[[La sonnambula]]'' (1831), ''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]'' (1831), ''[[Beatrice di Tenda]]'' (1833), and ''[[I puritani]]'' (1835). Known for his long-flowing melodic lines, for which he was named "the Swan of Catania", Bellini was the quintessential composer of [[bel canto]] opera. He died in [[Puteaux]], France at the age of 33, nine months after the premiere of his last opera, ''I puritani''.', 4 => false, 5 => '==Life==', 6 => 'Born in [[Catania]], at the time part of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], Bellini was a child prodigy from a highly musical family and legend has it he could sing an aria of [[Valentino Fioravanti]] at eighteen months. He began studying [[music theory]] at two, the piano at three, and by the age of five could apparently play well. Bellini's first five pieces were composed when he was just six years old. Regardless of the veracity of these claims, it is certain that Bellini grew up in a musical household and that a career as a musician was never in doubt. ', 7 => false, 8 => 'Having learned from his grandfather, Bellini left provincial Catania in June 1819 to study at the [[Music Conservatories of Naples|conservatory in Naples]], with a stipend from the municipal government of Catania. By 1822 he was in the class of the director [[Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli|Nicolò Zingarelli]], studying the masters of the Neapolitan school and the orchestral works of [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]] and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]. It was the custom at the Conservatory to introduce a promising student to the public with a dramatic work: the result was Bellini's first opera ''[[Adelson e Salvini]]'' an ''opera semiseria'' (half-serious) that was presented at the Conservatory's theatre. Bellini's next opera ''Bianca e Gernando'' met with some success at the [[Teatro San Carlo]], leading to a commission from the impresario Barbaia for an opera at [[Teatro alla Scala|La Scala]]. ''[[Il pirata]]'' was a resounding immediate success and began Bellini's faithful and fruitful collaboration with the librettist and poet [[Felice Romani]] and cemented his friendship with his favored tenor [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]], who had sung in ''Bianca e Gernando''.', 9 => '[[File:Père-Lachaise - Division 11 - Vincenzo Bellini 09.jpg|thumb|200px|Bellini's [[cenotaph]] at [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] in Paris]]', 10 => false, 11 => 'Bellini spent his last years 1827–33 in Milan, where all doors were open to him. Sparking controversy in the press for its new style and its restless harmonic shifts into remote keys, ''[[La straniera]]'' (1828) was even more successful than ''Il pirata'', and allowed Bellini to support himself solely by his opera commissions. The composer showed the taste for social life and the [[dandy]]ism that [[Heinrich Heine]] emphasized in his literary portrait of Bellini (''Florentinische Nächte'', 1837). Opening a new theatre in [[Parma]], his ''[[Zaira]]'' (1829) was a failure at the Teatro Ducale, but Venice welcomed ''[[I Capuleti e i Montecchi]]'', which was based on the same Italian source as [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.', 12 => false, 13 => 'The next five years were triumphant, with major successes including some of his greatest works, ''[[La sonnambula]]'', ''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]'' and ''[[I puritani]]'', cut short by Bellini's premature death just nine months after the premiere of ''I puritani''. Bellini left London for Paris, but never completed the journey back to Milan.', 14 => false, 15 => 'Bellini died in [[Puteaux]], near Paris of acute inflammation of the intestine, and was buried in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], Paris; his remains were removed to the [[cathedral of Catania]] in 1876. The Museo Belliniano housed in the Gravina Cruyllas Palace in Catania preserves memorabilia and scores.', 16 => false, 17 => 'The central relationship in Bellini's life was with [[Francesco Florimo]], who came from a village close to Catania, and the two shared a close correspondence. After Bellini's death Florimo was treated as his spiritual heir.', 18 => false, 19 => '==Works==', 20 => 'In 1999, the Italian music publisher [[Casa Ricordi]], in collaboration with the [[Teatro Massimo Bellini]] in [[Catania]], embarked on a project to publish critical editions of the complete works of Bellini.', 21 => false, 22 => '===Operas===', 23 => '{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" ', 24 => '!bgcolor=ececec |Title', 25 => '!bgcolor=ececec |Genre', 26 => '!bgcolor=ececec |Acts', 27 => '!bgcolor=ececec |Libretto', 28 => '!bgcolor=ececec class="unsortable"|Première (date)', 29 => '!bgcolor=ececec |Première (place)', 30 => '|-', 31 => '|''[[Adelson e Salvini]]''', 32 => '|[[opera semiseria]]', 33 => '|3 acts', 34 => '|{{Hs|Tottola}}Andrea Leone Tottola', 35 => '| 12 (?) February 1825', 36 => '|[[Naples]], [[Music Conservatories of Naples|Teatro del Conservatorio di San Sebastiano]]', 37 => '|-', 38 => '|''[[Bianca e Gernando]]''', 39 => '|melodrama', 40 => '|2 acts', 41 => '|{{Hs|Gilardoni}}Domenico Gilardoni', 42 => '|30 May 1826', 43 => '|[[Naples]], [[Teatro San Carlo]]', 44 => '|-', 45 => '|{{Hs|Pirata}}''[[Il pirata]]''', 46 => '|melodramma', 47 => '|2 acts', 48 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}[[Felice Romani]]', 49 => '|27 October 1827', 50 => '|[[Milan]], [[Teatro alla Scala]]', 51 => '|-', 52 => '|''[[Bianca e Fernando]]'' <br>(revision of ''Bianca e Gernando'')', 53 => '|melodramma', 54 => '|2 acts', 55 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 56 => '|7 April 1828', 57 => '|[[Genoa]], [[Teatro Carlo Felice]]', 58 => '|-', 59 => '|{{Hs|Straniera}}''[[La straniera]]''', 60 => '|melodramma', 61 => '|2 acts', 62 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 63 => '|14 February 1829', 64 => '|Milan, Teatro alla Scala', 65 => '|-', 66 => '|''[[Zaira (opera)|Zaira]]''', 67 => '|tragedia lirica', 68 => '|2 acts', 69 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 70 => '|16 May 1829', 71 => '|[[Parma]], Teatro Ducale', 72 => '|-', 73 => '|{{Hs|Capuleti e i Montecchi}}''[[I Capuleti e i Montecchi]]''', 74 => '|tragedia lirica', 75 => '|2 acts', 76 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 77 => '|11 March 1830', 78 => '|[[Venice]], [[Teatro La Fenice]]', 79 => '|-', 80 => '|{{Hs|Sonnambula}}''[[La sonnambula]]''', 81 => '|opera semiseria', 82 => '|2 acts', 83 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 84 => '|6 March 1831', 85 => '|[[Milan]], Teatro Carcano', 86 => '|-', 87 => '|''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]''', 88 => '|tragedia lirica', 89 => '|2 acts', 90 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 91 => '|26 December 1831', 92 => '|Milan, Teatro alla Scala', 93 => '|-', 94 => '|''[[Beatrice di Tenda]]''', 95 => '|tragedia lirica', 96 => '|2 acts', 97 => '|{{Hs|Romani}}Felice Romani', 98 => '|16 March 1833', 99 => '|Venice, Teatro La Fenice', 100 => '|-', 101 => '|{{Hs|Puritani}}''[[I puritani]]''', 102 => '|melodramma serio', 103 => '|3 acts', 104 => '|{{Hs|Pepoli}}Carlo Pepoli', 105 => '|24 January 1835', 106 => '|Paris, [[Théâtre-Italien]]', 107 => '|-', 108 => '|}', 109 => ''''', 110 => false, 111 => '===Songs===', 112 => 'The following fifteen songs were published as a collection, ''[[Composizioni da Camera (Bellini)|Composizioni da Camera]]'', by [[Casa Ricordi]] in 1935 on the centenary of Bellini's death.', 113 => '{{col-begin}}', 114 => '{{col-break}}', 115 => '*Six Early Songs:', 116 => '**"La farfalletta" – canzoncina', 117 => '**"Quando incise su quel marmo" – scena ed aria', 118 => '**"Sogno d'infanzia" – romanza', 119 => '**"L'abbandono" – romanza', 120 => '**"L'allegro marinaro – ballata', 121 => '**"Torna, vezzosa fillide" – romanza', 122 => '{{col-break}}', 123 => '*Tre Ariette:', 124 => '**"Il fervido Desiderio"', 125 => '**"Dolente immagine di Fille mia"', 126 => '**"[[Vaga luna, che inargenti]]"', 127 => '{{col-break}}', 128 => '*Sei Ariette:', 129 => '**"Malinconia, Ninfa gentile"', 130 => '**"Vanne, o rosa fortunata"', 131 => '**"Bella Nice, che d'amore"', 132 => '**"Almen se non poss'io"', 133 => '**"Per pietà, bell'idol mio"', 134 => '**"Ma rendi pur contento"', 135 => '{{col-end}}', 136 => false, 137 => '==See also==', 138 => '{{Commons|Vincenzo Bellini|Vincenzo Bellini}}', 139 => '{{Portal|Biography}}', 140 => 'Other important [[bel canto]] opera composers:', 141 => '*[[Gioachino Rossini]]', 142 => '*[[Gaetano Donizetti]]', 143 => '*[[Saverio Mercadante]]', 144 => false, 145 => '==References==', 146 => ''''Notes'''', 147 => '{{reflist}}', 148 => ''''Cited sources'''', 149 => '*Rosselli, John, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bVCPmc7nkV4C ''The life of Bellini'']. Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-46781-0', 150 => '*Weinstock, Herbert, ''Bellini: His life and His Operas'', New York: Knopf, 1971 ISBN 0394416562 ', 151 => false, 152 => ''''Other sources'''', 153 => '*Casa Ricordi. [http://www.ricordi.it/compositori/b/vincenzo-bellini/edizioni-critiche/le-edizioni-critiche-di-vincenzo-bellini Edizione Critica delle Opere di Vincenzo Bellini] {{it}}', 154 => '*Willier, Stephen Ace, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BPrARpPBGv ''Vincenzo Bellini: A Guide to Research'']. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-8153-3805-8', 155 => false, 156 => '==External links==', 157 => '*[http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?query=Bellini%2C+Vincenzo&queryType=%40attr+1%3D1 Bellini cylinder recordings], from the [[Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project]] at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] Library.', 158 => '*{{IMSLP|id=Bellini,_Vincenzo}}', 159 => '*{{ChoralWiki}}', 160 => '*[http://www.teatromassimobellini.it/ Teatro Massimo Bellini, Catania]', 161 => '*{{Find a Grave|7748}}', 162 => '{{Authority control|VIAF=39560983 |LCCN=n/80/122768}}', 163 => false, 164 => '{{Romanticism}}', 165 => false, 166 => '{{Persondata<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->', 167 => '|NAME= Bellini, Vincenzo', 168 => '|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Bellini, Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco', 169 => '|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Sicily|Sicilian]] opera composer', 170 => '|DATE OF BIRTH=3 November 1801', 171 => '|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Catania]], Sicily', 172 => '|DATE OF DEATH=23 September 1835', 173 => '|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Puteaux]]', 174 => '}}', 175 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Bellini, Vincenzo}}', 176 => '[[Category:1801 births]]', 177 => '[[Category:1835 deaths]]', 178 => '[[Category:People from Catania]]', 179 => '[[Category:Italian composers]]', 180 => '[[Category:Opera composers]]', 181 => '[[Category:Romantic composers]]', 182 => '[[Category:Sicilian composers]]', 183 => '[[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]]' ]