Examine individual changes

'{{BLP sources|date=February 2011}} {{Infobox artist | bgcolour = #6495ED | name = Christian Boltanski | image = Christian-Boltanski-portrait.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Christian Boltanski in 1990. | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|9|6|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Paris, France]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[France|French]] | field = [[Sculpture]], [[Painting]], [[Photography]], [[Installation art]] | training = | movement = | works = }} '''Christian Boltanski''' (born 1944) is French sculptor, photographer, painter and film maker. [[File:Christian Boltanski sculpture in Folkestone.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Sound installation]] ''The Whispers'' by Christian Boltanski at the Folkestone Triennal (2008)]] He is the brother of [[Luc Boltanski]] and the partner of [[Annette Messager]]. ==Life and work== Born in Paris, of Catholic and Jewish heritage.<ref>http://www.bookforum.com/inprint/016_03/4346</ref> Having no formal art education, he began painting in 1958. Nevertheless, he first came to public attention in 1960 with few short films and publication of several notebooks. Both avant-garde short films and notebooks contained mutualism of both real and fictional human existence. This relation remained dominant concept to his later art. In 1970, he began experimenting with object creation from clay and from many other unusual materials (sugar and gauze). These works, some of them entitled ''Attempt at Reconstitution of Objects that Belonged to Christian Boltanski between 1948 and 1954'' (1970–1971), consisted of flashbacks of segment of life and time, diminishing memory and human condition.<ref name=MoMA>[http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=649 Christian Boltanski: About this artist], [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> In the 1970s, Boltanski started using mainly photography for expressing form, exploration of consciousness, and remembering. After 1976, he started treating photography as painting, making collages of sliced photographs of still nature and everyday life banality in order to reflect collective aesthetic condition of modern civilization in ordinary, stereotypical way. As a departure from his earlier medias, he started using [[readymade]] objects. His use of small, colorful figures made from cardboard, thread and cork, transposed photographically into large picture formats, helped him creating effective theatrical compositions. These works encouraged him to start creating kinetic [[Installation art|installations]]. ''The Shadows'' (1984) consists of strong light focused on figurative shapes and forms generating mysterious environment of silhouettes in movement.<ref name=MoMA /> ==Exhibitions== Christian Boltanski has participated in over 150 art exhibitions throughout the world.<ref name="Christian Boltanski biography">{{cite web|title=Christian Boltanski biography|url=http://i1.exhibit-e.com/mariangoodman/e5651959.pdf|publisher=Marian Goodman gallery}}</ref> Among other, he had solo exhibitions at the [[Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein]], Magasin 3 in Stockholm, the [[La Maison Rouge]] gallery, Institut Mathildenhöhe, the Kewenig Galerie, The [[Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme]] and many others.<ref name="Christian Boltanski biography"/> From July 1 to September 25, 2011, museum [[Es Baluard]] (Mallorca, Spain) exhibited "Signatures", the installation Christian Boltanski conceived specifically for [[Es Baluard]] and which is focused on the memory of the workers who in the 17th Century built the museum's walls. In 2002, Boltanski made the installation "Totentanz II" for the underground Centre for International Light Art (www.lichtkunst-unna.de) in Unna, Germany. A Shadow Installation with copper figures ==Prizes== *2007 Créateurs sans frontières award for visual arts by Cultures France<ref name="Marian Goodman Gallery">{{cite web|title=Marian Goodman Gallery|url=http://www.mariangoodman.com/artists/christian-boltanski/|publisher=Marian Goodman Gallery|accessdate=4 May 2011}}</ref> *2007 [[Praemium Imperiale]] Award by the Japan Art Association<ref name="Marian Goodman Gallery"/> *2001 Goslarer Kaiserring, Goslar, Germany<ref name="Marian Goodman Gallery"/> *2001 Kunstpreis, given by Nord/LB, Braunschweig, Germany<ref name="Marian Goodman Gallery"/> == References == <references/> == Further reading == * Lynn Gumpert and Mary Jane Jacob, "Christian Boltanski: Lessons of Darkness," Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art, 1988. * Didier Semin, "Christian Boltanski," Paris, Art Press, 1988. * Nancy Marmer, "Christian Boltanski: The Uses of Contradiction," "Art in America," October 1989, pp.&nbsp;168–181, 233-235. * Lynn Gumpert, "Christian Boltanski," Paris, Flammarion, 1944. ==External links== {{more footnotes|date=February 2011}} *[http://www.mariangoodman.com/artists/christian-boltanski/ Marian Goodman Gallery] *[http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/video/christian-boltanski-talking-art Tate Magazine Interview] *[http://www.icp.org/site/c.dnJGKJNsFqG/b.3829957/ ICP: Christian Boltanski] *[http://www.folkestonetriennial.org.uk/index.php/artists/biography/christian-boltanski/ Folkestone Triennial: Christian Boltanski] * {{fr icon}} [http://www.moreeuw.com/histoire-art/christian-boltanski.htm Christian Boltanski] *[http://www.kunstaspekte.de/index.php?action=webpages&k=151 Exhibitions listed at kunstaspekte.de] *[http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=649 MoMA profile] *[http://phomul.canalblog.com/archives/boltanski__christian/index.html Art Icono] *[http://www.magasin3.com/v1/exhibitions/boltanski.html Magasin 3: Christian Boltanski] {{Authority control|VIAF=78769830}} {{Persondata | NAME =Boltanski, Christian | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = French painter | DATE OF BIRTH =6 September 1944 | PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Paris, France]] | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boltanski, Christian}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:Contemporary artists]] [[Category:French Jews]] [[Category:French mixed-media artists]] [[Category:20th-century French painters]] [[Category:21st-century French painters]] [[Category:French photographers]] [[Category:French sculptors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Postmodern artists]] [[Category:French people of Corsican descent]] [[Category:French people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Faculty of the École des Beaux-Arts]]'