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'{{About|the U.S. state of New Hampshire}} {{Redirect|Granite State|the ''Breaking Bad'' episode|Granite State (Breaking Bad)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{US state |Name = New Hampshire |Fullname = State of New Hampshire |Flag = Flag of New Hampshire.svg |Flaglink = [[Flag of New Hampshire|Flag]] |Seal = Seal of New Hampshire.svg |Map = New Hampshire in United States.svg |Nickname = The Granite State |Motto = [[Live Free or Die]] |Former = Province of New Hampshire |Capital = [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]] |LargestCity = [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] |LargestMetro = [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Greater Manchester]] |Demonym = Granite Stater, New Hampshirite |Governor = [[Maggie Hassan]] (D) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Chuck Morse]] (R)<ref>In the event of a vacancy in the office of Governor, the President of the [[New Hampshire Senate|State Senate]] is first in line for succession.</ref> |Lieutenant Governor_alt = President of the Senate |Legislature = [[New Hampshire General Court|General Court]] |Upperhouse = [[New Hampshire Senate|Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |Senators = [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)<br />[[Kelly Ayotte]] (R) |Representative =[[New Hampshire's 1st congressional district|1]]: [[Carol Shea-Porter]] (D) <br /> [[New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district|2]]: [[Ann McLane Kuster]] (D) |PostalAbbreviation = NH |TradAbbreviation = N.H. |OfficialLang = English |AreaRank = 46th |TotalAreaUS = 9,304 |TotalArea = 24,217 |LandAreaUS = 8,968 |LandArea = 23,227 |WaterAreaUS = 382 |WaterArea = 989 |PCWater = 4.1 |PopRank = 42nd |2010Pop = 1,323,459 (2013 est)<ref name=PopEstUS/> |DensityRank = 21st |2000DensityUS = 147 |2000Density = 56.8 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $60,441 |IncomeRank = 6th |AdmittanceOrder = 9th |AdmittanceDate = June 21, 1788 |TimeZone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastern Time Zone|-5]]/[[Eastern Daylight Time|-4]] |Longitude = 70° 36′ W to 72° 33′ W |Latitude = 42° 42′ N to 45° 18′ N |WidthUS = 68 |Width = 110 |LengthUS = 190 |Length = 305 |HighestPoint = [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=PF0951|designation=Mt Wash|accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref><ref>The summit of [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]] is the highest point on the northeastern [[North America|Northern American Continent]].</ref> |HighestElevUS = 6,288 |HighestElev = 1916.66 |MeanElevUS = 1,000 |MeanElev = 300 |LowestPoint = Atlantic Ocean<ref name=USGS/> |LowestElevUS = 0 |LowestElev = 0 |ISOCode = US-NH |Website = www.nh.gov }} '''New Hampshire ''' ({{IPAc-en|US|audio=en-us-New Hampshire.ogg|n|u:|ˈ|h|æ|m|p|ʃ|ər}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[New England]] region of the [[northeastern United States]] of America. The state was named after the southern [[England|English]] [[Counties of England|county]] of [[Hampshire]]. It is bordered by [[Massachusetts]] to the south, [[Vermont]] to the west, [[Maine]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the east, and the Canadian province of [[Quebec]] to the north. New Hampshire is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|5th smallest]], and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|9th least populous]] of the [[List of U.S. states|50 United States]]. It became the first of the British North American [[European colonization of the Americas|colonies]] to break away from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in January 1776, and six months later was one of the original [[Thirteen Colonies|13 states]] that [[United States Declaration of Independence|founded]] the United States of America. In June 1788, it became the ninth state to ratify the [[United States Constitution]], bringing that document into effect. New Hampshire was the first U.S. state to have its own state constitution. It is known internationally for the [[New Hampshire primary]], the first [[U.S. presidential primary|primary]] in the U.S. presidential election cycle. [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]] is the state capital, while [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] is the largest city in the state. It has no general [[Sales taxes in the United States|sales tax]], nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) [[income tax|taxed]] at either the state or local level.<ref>NH has a room and meals sales tax and a business profits income tax. Alaska does not have a statewide sales or income tax, but many Alaska towns have a sales tax.</ref> Its license plates carry the [[List of U.S. state mottos|state motto]]: "[[Live Free or Die]]". The state's [[state nickname|nickname]], "The [[Granite]] State", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.<ref>{{cite web | title = Visit NH: State Facts | publisher=NH Department of Resources and Economic Development | accessdate =August 30, 2010 | url = http://www.visitnh.gov/welcome-to-nh/state-facts.aspx}}</ref> Among [[List of people from New Hampshire|prominent individuals from New Hampshire]] are [[Founding Fathers of the United States|founding father]] [[Nicholas Gilman]], Senator [[Daniel Webster]], [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] hero [[John Stark]], editor [[Horace Greeley]], founder of the [[Christian Science]] religion [[Mary Baker Eddy]], poet [[Robert Frost]], astronaut [[Alan Shepard]], and author [[Dan Brown]]. Additionally, actor [[Adam Sandler]] grew up, but was not born in, the state. New Hampshire has produced one president: [[Franklin Pierce]]. With some of the [[List of New England ski areas by vertical drop|largest ski mountains on the East Coast]], New Hampshire's major recreational attractions include [[skiing]], snowmobiling, and other winter sports, hiking and mountaineering, observing the fall foliage, summer cottages along many lakes and the seacoast, motor sports at the [[New Hampshire Motor Speedway]], and [[Laconia Motorcycle Week|Motorcycle Week]], a popular motorcycle rally held in [[Weirs Beach, New Hampshire|Weirs Beach]] near [[Laconia, New Hampshire|Laconia]] in June. The [[White Mountain National Forest]] links the Vermont and Maine portions of the [[Appalachian Trail]], and boasts the [[Mount Washington Auto Road]], where visitors may drive to the top of {{convert|6288|ft|m|adj=on}} [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]]. ==Geography== {{see also|List of counties in New Hampshire|List of mountains in New Hampshire|List of lakes in New Hampshire|List of rivers in New Hampshire|Geology of New England}} New Hampshire is part of the [[New England]] region. It is bounded by [[Quebec]], Canada, to the north and northwest; [[Maine]] and the Atlantic Ocean to the east; [[Massachusetts]] to the south; and [[Vermont]] to the west. New Hampshire's major regions are the [[Great North Woods Region (New Hampshire)|Great North Woods]], the [[White Mountains Region|White Mountains]], the [[Lakes Region (New Hampshire)|Lakes Region]], the [[Seacoast Region (New Hampshire)|Seacoast]], the [[Merrimack Valley]], the [[Monadnock Region]], and the [[Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee Region|Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee]] area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. coastal state, with a length of {{convert|18|mi|km}},<ref>http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/documents/coastal_access_map.pdf</ref> sometimes measured as only 13 miles.<ref>http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21729.pdf</ref> New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the [[Old Man of the Mountain]], a face-like profile in [[Franconia Notch]], until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. [[File:National-atlas-new-hampshire.png|thumb|right|New Hampshire, showing roads, rivers and major cities]] [[File:Mount Adams NH from Madison.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Adams ({{convert|5774|ft|m|disp=or|abbr=on}}) is part of New Hampshire's [[Presidential Range]].]] The [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains range]] in New Hampshire spans the north-central portion of the state, with [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]] the tallest in the northeastern U.S. – site of the second-highest wind speed ever recorded<ref>{{Cite news | last = Filipov | first = David | title = Record blown away, but pride stays put: N.H. summit's claim to nasty weather intact | newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] | date = January 31, 2010 | url = http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2010/01/31/record_blown_away_but_pride_stays_put/ | accessdate =February 9, 2010 }}</ref> – and other mountains like [[Mount Madison]] and [[Mount Adams (New Hampshire)|Mount Adams]] surrounding it. With hurricane-force winds every third day on average, over 100 recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicuous [[krumholtz]] (dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of [[bonsai]] trees), the climate on the upper reaches of Mount Washington has inspired the weather observatory on the peak to claim that the area has the "World's Worst Weather".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mountwashington.org/| title=Mount Washington...Home of the World's Worst Weather| publisher=Mt. Washington Observatory| accessdate=March 22, 2010}}</ref> In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire, the landmark [[Mount Monadnock]] has given its name to a class of earth-forms – a ''[[monadnock]]'' – signifying, in geomorphology, any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resistant eroded plain. Major rivers include the {{convert|110|mi|km|sing=on|sigfig=3}} [[Merrimack River]], which bisects the lower half of the state north-south and ends up in [[Newburyport, Massachusetts]]. Its tributaries include the [[Contoocook River]], [[Pemigewasset River]], and [[Winnipesaukee River]]. The {{convert|410|mi|km|sing=on|sigfig=3}} [[Connecticut River]], which starts at New Hampshire's [[Connecticut Lakes]] and flows south to [[Connecticut]], defines the western border with Vermont. The state border is not in the center of that river, as usually the case, but at the low-water mark on the [[Vermont]] side; meaning that the entire river along the Vermont border (save for areas where the water level has been raised by a dam) lies within New Hampshire.<ref>''VERMONT v. NEW HAMPSHIRE'' {{Ussc|289|593|1933}}</ref> Only one town – [[Pittsburg, New Hampshire|Pittsburg]] – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The "northwesternmost headwaters" of the Connecticut also define the Canadian border with New Hampshire. [[File:New Hampshire Shaded Relief 5.jpg|thumb|left|Shaded relief map of New Hampshire]] The [[Piscataqua River]] and its several [[tributary|tributaries]] form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]]. The [[Salmon Falls River]] and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine. The Piscataqua River boundary was the subject of a [[Piscataqua River border dispute|border dispute]] between New Hampshire and Maine in 2001, with New Hampshire claiming dominion over several islands (primarily [[Seavey's Island]]) that include the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]]. The [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]] dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. The largest of [[List of lakes in New Hampshire|New Hampshire's lakes]] is [[Lake Winnipesaukee]], which covers {{convert|71|sqmi|km2|sigfig=3}} in the east-central part of New Hampshire. [[Umbagog Lake]] along the Maine border, approximately {{convert|12.3|sqmi|km2|sigfig=3}}, is a distant second. [[Squam Lake]] is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the [[List of U.S. states by coastline|shortest ocean coastline]] of any state in the United States, approximately {{convert|18|mi|km}} long.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/dwgb/wrpp/documents/primer_chapter6.pdf| title=New Hampshire Water Resources Primer, Chapter 6: Coastal and Estuarine Waters| publisher=NH Dept. of Environmental Services| accessdate=April 11, 2011}}</ref>[[Hampton Beach, New Hampshire|Hampton Beach]] is a popular local summer destination. About {{convert|7|mi|km}} offshore are the [[Isles of Shoals]], nine small islands (four of which are in New Hampshire) known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet [[Celia Thaxter]], and the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate [[Blackbeard]]. It is the state with the highest percentage of timberland area in the country.<ref>[http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2012/nrs_2012_nowak_002.pdf USDA report: "Tree and impervious cover in the United States (2012)"]</ref> New Hampshire is in the [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]] [[biome]]. Much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the [[conifer]]s and [[northern hardwood forest|northern hardwoods]] of the [[New England-Acadian forests]]. The southeast corner of the state and parts of the Connecticut River along the Vermont border are covered by the mixed [[Quercus|oaks]] of the [[Northeastern coastal forests]].<ref name = "ecoregions">{{cite journal |author=Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein, ''et al'' |title = Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal=[[BioScience]] |year = 2001 |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages= 933–938 |url = http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/ |doi = 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref> The northern third of the state is locally referred to as the "north country" or "north of the notches," in reference to White Mountain [[mountain pass|passes]] that channel traffic. It contains less than 5% of the state's population, suffers relatively high poverty, and is steadily losing population as the logging and paper industries decline. However, the tourist industry, in particular visitors who go to northern New Hampshire to [[skiing|ski]], [[snowboarding|snowboard]], [[hiking|hike]] and [[mountain biking|mountain bike]], has helped offset economic losses from mill closures. ===Climate=== New Hampshire experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfa'' in southern areas and ''Dfb'' in the north), with warm, humid summers, cold, wet winters, and uniform precipitation all year. The climate of the southeastern portion is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and averages relatively milder and wetter weather, while the northern and interior portions experience cooler temperatures and lower humidity. Winters are cold and snowy throughout the state, and especially severe in the northern and mountainous areas. Average annual snowfall ranges from {{convert|60|in|cm}} to over {{convert|100|in|cm}} across the state.<ref name=noaasnow>{{cite web |url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/snowfall.html |title=Snowfall&nbsp;— Average Total In Inches |work=[[NOAA]] |date=June 23, 2004 |first=Dan |last=Dellinger |accessdate=May 25, 2007}}</ref> [[File:New hampshire in autumn .jpg|thumb|right|During autumn, the leaves on many hardwood trees in New Hampshire turn colors, attracting many tourists.]] Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (around 24–28&nbsp;°C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15&nbsp;°C). January temperatures range from an average high of {{convert|34|F|C}} on the coast to overnight lows below {{convert|0|F|C}} in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly {{convert|40|in|cm}} with some variation occurring in the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]] due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was {{convert|106|F|C}} in [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]] on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-47|F|C}} atop [[Mount Washington (New Hampshire)|Mount Washington]] on January 29, 1934. Mount Washington also saw an unofficial {{convert|-50|F|C}} reading on January 22, 1885, which, if made official, would tie the all-time record low for New England (also {{convert|-50|F|C}} at [[Big Black River, Maine]] on January 16, 2009, and [[Bloomfield, Vermont]] on December 30, 1933). Extreme snow is often associated with a [[nor'easter]], such as the [[Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978|Blizzard of '78]] and the [[Blizzard of 1993]], when several feet accumulated across portions of the state over 24 to 48 hours. Lighter snowfalls of several inches occur frequently throughout winter, often associated with an [[Alberta Clipper]]. New Hampshire, on occasion, is affected by [[tropical cyclone|hurricanes]] and tropical storms although by the time they reach the state they are often [[extratropical]], with most storms striking the southern [[New England]] coastline and moving inland or passing by offshore in the [[Gulf of Maine]]. Most of New Hampshire averages fewer than 20 days of thunderstorms per year and an average of two tornadoes occur annually statewide.<ref name="noaatornado">{{cite web |title=Annual average number of tornadoes 1953–2004 |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif |work=[[NOAA]] |accessdate=May 25, 2007}}</ref> The [[National Arbor Day Foundation]] plant [[hardiness zone]] map depicts zones 3, 4, 5, and 6 occurring throughout the state<ref name=arborday>{{cite web |url=http://www.arborday.org/media/zones.cfm |title=2006 arborday.org Hardiness Zone Map |work=[[National Arbor Day Foundation]] |accessdate=May 25, 2007}}</ref> and indicates the transition from a relatively cooler to warmer climate as one travels southward across New Hampshire. The 1990 [[USDA]] plant [[hardiness zone]]s for New Hampshire range from zone 3b in the north to zone 5b in the south.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-new-hampshire-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |title=New Hampshire USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |accessdate=November 15, 2010}}</ref> ===Metropolitan areas=== {{See also|List of cities in New Hampshire}} {| style="width:100%;" border="0" |- | colspan=2 |Metropolitan areas in the New England region are defined by the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] as [[New England City and Town Area]]s (NECTAs). The following is a list of NECTAs in New Hampshire: | style="vertical-align:top; width:200px;" rowspan="3"|[[File:Manch-DownTown.jpg|160px|right|thumb|[[Manchester, New Hampshire|Downtown Manchester]]]] |- | style="vertical-align:top; width:33%;"| * [[Berlin, New Hampshire|Berlin]] * [[Claremont, New Hampshire|Claremont]] * [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]] * [[Franklin, New Hampshire|Franklin]] * [[Keene, New Hampshire|Keene]] * [[Laconia, New Hampshire|Laconia]] | valign=top | * [[Lebanon, New Hampshire|Lebanon]] – [[Hartford, Vermont|Hartford, VT]] * [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] * [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]] Metropolitan Division (part of [[Boston]] metropolitan area) * [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]] * [[Rochester, New Hampshire|Rochester]] – [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]] |- | colspan=2 |''From [http://www.nh.gov/nhes/elmi/geoareanecta.htm The New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}'' |} ===Earthquakes=== While New Hampshire, along with the rest of [[New England]], does not frequently experience [[earthquake]]s, it has experienced several earthquakes in history and has been affected by some of the larger earthquakes centered in the [[St. Lawrence Valley]] seismic zone in Canada and in a seismic zone in northeastern Massachusetts. All of New England felt the [[1663 Charlevoix earthquake]] centered near the Quebec-Maine border, the [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] of which has since been estimated at 7.3-7.9. In 1727, [[Newbury, Massachusetts]], experienced a damaging earthquake, shaking New Hampshire too. The [[1755 Cape Ann Earthquake]], estimated magnitude 5.5-6.0, also shook most or all of New Hampshire. On November 9, 1810, [[Exeter, New Hampshire|Exeter]] experienced an estimated intensity VI tremor. It was accompanied by an unusual noise like an explosion below the area and broke windows in [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]]. [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]], the capital, experienced a series of shocks within a period of 19 years, 1872 to 1891. One earthquake was felt in late 1872, lasting 10 seconds in Concord, and was felt in [[Laconia, New Hampshire|Laconia]] and other towns to the north. Ten years later, another tremor was strongest in Concord, although [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]] and [[Pittsfield, New Hampshire|Pittsfield]] reportedly had buildings shaken. On November 23, 1884, two earthquakes, the first one light, followed fifteen minutes later by a severe one, were both felt in Concord. The second shock was felt in [[Massachusetts]], [[Connecticut]], and eastern [[New York]]. Concord's last tremor in the 19-year period was mild and was reported in two Massachusetts locations: [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] and [[Melrose, Massachusetts|Melrose]]. Southeastern New Hampshire and [[Maine]] experienced an earthquake in 1925. Both were moderately damaging. Dishes and goods were jostled from shelves in [[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]], [[Tuftonboro, New Hampshire|Tuftonboro]], and [[Effingham, New Hampshire|Effingham Falls]]. In 1929 the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]], {{convert|800|mi}} away, experienced a magnitude 7.2 earthquake, and New Hampshire felt minor effects. In 1935, a 6.25 earthquake centered in [[Timiskaming District|Timiskaming, Ontario]], {{convert|500|mi}} away, was felt in an area of over {{convert|2,500,000|km2|mi2|sp=us}}, and New Hampshire recorded intensities of V in some places. [[Ossipee Lake]] in December 1940 was the site of [[1940 New Hampshire earthquake|two moderate earthquakes]]. It was felt in all six New England states, as well as parts of [[New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania]]. In the epicentral area, a large number of aftershocks happened. One observer counted over 120 aftershocks through January 31, 1941.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Hampshire|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/new_hampshire/history.php|publisher=Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquake.Usgs.Gov}}</ref> ==History== {{Main|History of New Hampshire}} [[File:Detail of Fort William and Mary, 1705.jpg|right|thumb|[[Fort William and Mary]] in 1705]] [[File:State of New Hampshire.JPG|thumb|left|1922 map of New Hampshire published in the bulletin of the [[Brown Company]] in [[Berlin, New Hampshire|Berlin]]]] Various [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] ([[Abenaki people|Abenaki]] and [[Pennacook]]) tribes inhabited the area prior to European settlement. English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and English fishermen settled at [[Odiorne Point State Park|Odiorne's Point]] in present-day [[Rye, New Hampshire|Rye]] in 1623. The first permanent settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]]). By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]], [[Durham, New Hampshire|Durham]] and [[Stratham, New Hampshire|Stratham]]; in 1679, it became the "Royal Province." [[Father Rale's War]] was fought between the colonists and the [[Wabanaki Confederacy]] throughout New Hampshire. New Hampshire was one of the [[thirteen colonies]] that rebelled against British rule during the [[American Revolution]]. By the time of the American Revolution, New Hampshire was a divided province. The economic and social life of the Seacoast revolved around sawmills, shipyards, merchant's warehouses, and established village and town centers. Wealthy merchants built substantial homes, furnished them with the finest luxuries, and invested their capital in trade and land speculation. At the other end of the social scale, there developed a permanent class of day laborers, mariners, indentured servants and even slaves. The only battle fought in New Hampshire was the raid on [[Fort William and Mary]], December 14, 1774, in [[Portsmouth Harbor]], which netted the rebellion sizable quantities of gunpowder, small arms and cannon. ([[John Sullivan (general)|General Sullivan]], leader of the raid, described it as, "remainder of the powder, the small arms, bayonets, and cartouche-boxes, together with the cannon and ordnance stores") over the course of two nights. This raid was preceded by a warning to local patriots the previous day, by [[Paul Revere]] on December 13, 1774, that the fort was to be reinforced by troops sailing from Boston. According to unverified accounts, the gunpowder was later used at the Battle of Bunker Hill, transported there by Major Demerit, who was one of several New Hampshire patriots who stored the powder in their homes until it was transported elsewhere for use in revolutionary activities. New Hampshire was a Jacksonian stronghold; the state sent [[Franklin Pierce]] to the White House in the election of 1852. Industrialization took the form of numerous textile mills, which in turn attracted large flows of immigrants from Quebec (the "French Canadians") and Ireland. The northern parts of the state produced lumber and the mountains provided tourist attractions. After 1960, the textile industry collapsed, but the economy rebounded as a center of high technology and a service provider. Since 1952, New Hampshire gained national and international attention for its [[New Hampshire primary|presidential primary]] held early in every presidential election year. It immediately became the most important testing grounds for candidates for the Republican and Democratic nominations. The media gave New Hampshire (and [[Iowa]]) about half of all the attention paid to all states in the primary process, magnifying the state's decision powers (and spurring repeated efforts by out-of-state politicians to change the rules.) ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1790= 141885 |1800= 183858 |1810= 214460 |1820= 244155 |1830= 269328 |1840= 284574 |1850= 317976 |1860= 326073 |1870= 318300 |1880= 346991 |1890= 376530 |1900= 411588 |1910= 430572 |1920= 443083 |1930= 465293 |1940= 491524 |1950= 533242 |1960= 606921 |1970= 737681 |1980= 920610 |1990= 1109252 |2000= 1235786 |2010= 1316470 |estimate= 1323459 |estyear= 2013 |footnote=<centeR>Source: 1910–2010<ref>{{cite web|author=Resident Population Data |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=Resident Population Data – 2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |accessdate=December 24, 2012}}</ref><br>2013 Estimate<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2013/tables/NST-EST2013-01.csv|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref></center> }} [[File:New Hampshire population map.png|thumb|right|200px|New Hampshire population density]] The [[United States Census Bureau]] estimates that the population of New Hampshire was 1,323,459 on July 1, 2013, a 0.5% increase since the [[2010 United States Census]].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2013/tables/NST-EST2013-01.csv|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]]|work=[http://www.census.gov/popest/ 2013 Population Estimates]|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=December 30, 2013|accessdate=January 6, 2014}}</ref> The [[center of population]] of New Hampshire is located in [[Merrimack County, New Hampshire|Merrimack County]], in the town of [[Pembroke, New Hampshire|Pembroke]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Population and Population Centers by State: 2000 | publisher=United States Census Bureau | accessdate =December 5, 2008 | url = http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt}}</ref> The center of population has moved south {{convert|12|mi}} since 1950,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nh.gov/oep/programs/DataCenter/Geography/documents/popcenter.pdf |title = Population Center of New Hampshire, 1950–2000|date=October 2007| publisher=NH Office of Energy and Planning| accessdate=September 10, 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> a reflection of the fact that the fastest growth in the state has been along its southern border, which is within commuting range of Boston and other Massachusetts cities. ===Race and ancestry=== According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the racial makeup of New Hampshire was as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url= http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/33000.html|title= New Hampshire QuickFacts|publisher=US Census Bureau|accessdate=June 27, 2011}}</ref> * 93.9% [[White American]] (92.3% [[Non-Hispanic White]], 1.6% [[White Hispanic]]) * 2.2% [[Asian American]] * 1.1% Black or [[African American]] * 0.2% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American/American Indian]] * 1.6% [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] * 1.0% Some other race [[Hispanic and Latino American]]s of any race made up 2.8% of the population in 2010. {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" |+ '''New Hampshire Racial Breakdown of Population''' |- ! Racial composition !! 1990<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States]</ref> !! 2000<ref>[http://censusviewer.com/city/NH Population of New Hampshire: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts]</ref>!! 2010<ref>[http://www.census.gov/2010census/data/ 2010 Census Data]</ref> |- | [[White American|White]] || 98.0% || 96.0% || 93.9% |- | [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.8% || 1.3% || 2.2% |- | [[African American|Black]] || 0.6% || 0.7% || 1.1% |- | [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% |- | [[Native Hawaiian]] and <br>[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islander]] || - || - || - |- | [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 0.3% || 0.6% || 0.9% |- | [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || - || 1.1% || 1.6% |} The largest ancestry groups in New Hampshire are, per 2011 Census Bureau estimates:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_1YR/DP02/0400000US33 |title=Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (DP02) |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau American Factfinder |accessdate=January 3, 2013}}</ref> * 23.2% [[French people|French]] and [[French Canadian]] * 21.5% [[Irish people|Irish]] * 17.9% [[English people|English]] * 9.9% [[Italian people|Italian]] * 9.3% [[Germans|German]] * 6.1% [[Americans|American]] * 4.6% [[Scottish people|Scottish]] * 4.5% [[Poles|Polish]] * 2.1% [[Swedes|Swedish]] * 1.4% [[Greeks|Greek]] * 1.3% [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] * 1.1% [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] * 1.0% [[Dutch people|Dutch]] The large [[Irish American]] and [[French-Canadian]] populations are descended largely from mill workers, and many still live in the former mill towns, like Manchester. New Hampshire has one of the highest percentages (23.2% of the population) of residents of French/French-Canadian/Acadian ancestry of any U.S. state. (As of 2011 estimates, [[Maine]] had a slightly higher percentage.) According to the [[2000 United States Census]], 3.41% of the population aged 5 and older speak [[French language|French]] at home, while 1.60% speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]].<ref name="MLA Language Map Data Center">{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=33&mode=state_tops |title=MLA Language Map Data Center |publisher=Mla.org |date=July 17, 2007 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> In [[Coös County, New Hampshire|Coös County]], 16% of the population speaks French at home.<ref name="MLA Language Map Data Center"/> ===Religion=== A Pew survey showed that the religious affiliations of the people of New Hampshire was as follows: [[Protestantism|Protestant]] 34%, [[Catholicism in the United States|Catholic]] 29%, [[Latter-day Saint|LDS]] ([[Mormon]]) 1%, Jewish 1%, Jehovah's Witness 0.5%, Muslim 0.5%, Buddhist 1%, Hindu 0.5% and non-religious at 26%.<ref>http://religions.pewforum.org/maps</ref> A survey suggests that people in New Hampshire and Vermont<ref>which were polled jointly</ref> are less likely than other Americans to attend weekly services and only 54% say that they are "absolutely certain there is a God" compared to 71% in the rest of the nation.<ref>86% in Alabama and South Carolina</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0608/11268.html |title=Politico.com |publisher=Politico.com |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> New Hampshire and Vermont are also at the lowest levels among states in religious commitment. In 2012, 23% of New Hampshire residents in a Gallup poll considered themselves "very religious", while 52% considered themselves "non-religious".<ref> {{Cite news |title = Mississippi is The Most Religious U.S. State |author = Frank Newport |publisher = Gallup |date = March 27, 2012 |url = http://www.gallup.com/poll/153479/Mississippi-Religious-State.aspx?utm_source=alert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=syndication&utm_content=morelink&utm_term=Politics%20-%20Religion%20-%20Religion%20and%20Social%20Trends%20-%20USA#1 }}</ref> According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]](ARDA) the largest denominations are the [[Roman Catholic Church]] with 311,028 members; The [[United Church of Christ]] with 26,321 members; and the [[United Methodist Church]] with 18,029 members.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/33/rcms2010_33_state_adh_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives &#124; State Membership Report |publisher=www.thearda.com |accessdate=November 22, 2013}}</ref> ==Economy== {{See also|New Hampshire locations by per capita income}} The [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] estimates that New Hampshire's [[Gross state product|total state product]] in 2008 was $60 billion, ranking 40th in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/ |title=Bea.gov |publisher=Bea.gov |date=June 2, 2009 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> [[Median household income]] in 2008 was $49,467, the seventh highest in the country. Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples and eggs. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products and tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.bls.gov/eag/eag.nh.htm |title=State at a Glance&nbsp;— New Hampshire |accessdate=October 14, 2007 |date=October 12, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor }}</ref> New Hampshire experienced a significant shift in its economic base during the last century. Historically, the base was composed of the traditional New England manufactures of textiles, shoe making, and small machining shops drawing upon low-wage labor from nearby small farms and from parts of [[Quebec]]. Today, these sectors contribute only 2% for textiles, 2% for leather goods, and 9% for machining of the state's total manufacturing dollar value (Source: U.S. Economic Census for 1997, Manufacturing, New Hampshire). They experienced a sharp decline due to obsolete plants and the lure of cheaper wages in the [[Southern United States|South]]. The state's [[budget]] in FY2008 was $5.11 billion, including $1.48 billion in federal funds. The issue of taxation is controversial in New Hampshire, which has a [[property tax]] (subject to municipal control) but no broad [[sales tax]] or income tax. The state does have narrower taxes on meals, lodging, vehicles, business and investment income, and tolls on state roads. According to the [[Energy Information Administration]], New Hampshire's energy consumption and per capita energy consumption are among the lowest in the country. The [[Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant]], located near Portsmouth, is the largest nuclear reactor in New England and provides about 30 percent of New Hampshire’s electricity. Two natural gas-fired plants and some fossil-fuel powered plants, including the coal-fired Merrimack Station plant in Bow, provide most of the rest. New Hampshire's residential electricity use is low compared with the national average, in part because demand for air conditioning is low during the generally mild summer months and because few households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating. Over half of New Hampshire households use [[fuel oil]] for winter heating. New Hampshire has potential for renewable energies like [[wind power]], [[hydroelectricity]], and [[wood fuel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=NH |title= EIA State Energy Profiles: New Hampshire |date=June 12, 2008 |accessdate=June 24, 2008}}</ref> The state has no general sales tax and no personal [[state income tax]] (the state does tax, at a 5 percent rate, income from dividends and interest), and the legislature has exercised fiscal restraint. Efforts to diversify the state's general economy have been ongoing. New Hampshire's lack of a broad-based tax system has resulted in the state's local communities having some of the nation's highest property taxes. However, the state's overall tax burden is relatively low; in 2010 New Hampshire ranked 44th highest among states in combined average state and local tax burden.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/468.html |title=New Hampshire's State and Local Tax Burden, 1970–2006 |publisher=The Tax Foundation |date=August 7, 2008 |accessdate=February 18, 2014}}</ref> As of February 2010, the state's unemployment rate was 7.1%.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bls.gov/lau/| title=Local Area Unemployment Statistics| publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics| accessdate=March 26, 2010}}</ref> By October 2010, the unemployment rate dropped to 5.4%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9JHCTPO0.htm |title=NH unemployment rate drops to 5.4 percent in Oct. |work=BusinessWeek |date=November 16, 2010 |accessdate=December 8, 2010}}</ref> According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, New Hampshire had the eight-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.48 percent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Robert|title=Top states for millionaires per capita|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/101338309|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=25 January 2014}}</ref> ==Law and government== [[File:Concord New Hampshire state house 20041229.jpg|thumb|left|The [[New Hampshire State House]] in [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]]]] {{Main|Government of New Hampshire}} The Governor of New Hampshire is [[Maggie Hassan]] (Democrat). New Hampshire's two U.S. senators are [[Jeanne Shaheen]] (Democrat) and [[Kelly Ayotte]] (Republican). New Hampshire's two U.S. representatives are [[Carol Shea-Porter]] (Democrat) and [[Ann McLane Kuster]] (Democrat). New Hampshire is an [[alcoholic beverage control state]], and through the [[New Hampshire Liquor Commission|State Liquor Commission]] it takes in $100 million from the sale and distribution of liquor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://admin.state.nh.us/accounting/FY%2005/Monthly%20Rev%20June-05%20Cash%20Basis%20Unaud.pdf |title=State of New Hampshire Department of Administrative Services – Monthly Revenue Focus (FY 2005) |format=PDF |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> The state has offered civil unions since January 1, 2008, and, on January 1, 2010, [[same-sex marriage in New Hampshire|same-sex marriage]] became legal. ===Governing documents=== The [[New Hampshire State Constitution]] of 1783 is the supreme law of the state, followed by the [[New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated]] and the [[New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules]]. These are roughly analogous to the federal [[United States Constitution]], [[United States Code]] and [[Code of Federal Regulations]] respectively. ===Branches of government=== New Hampshire has a bifurcated executive branch, consisting of the governor and a five-member [[Executive Council of New Hampshire|executive council]] which votes on state contracts worth more than $5,000 and "advises and consents" to the governor's nominations to major state positions such as department heads and all judgeships and [[pardon]] requests. New Hampshire does not have a [[lieutenant governor (United States)#New Hampshire|lieutenant governor]]; the Senate president serves as "acting governor" whenever the governor is unable to perform the duties. The legislature is called the [[New Hampshire General Court|General Court]]. It consists of the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[New Hampshire Senate|Senate]]. There are 400 representatives, making it one of the largest elected bodies in the English-speaking world,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/house/members/memberlookup.aspx |title="House Fast Fact", New Hampshire House of Representatives |publisher=Gencourt.state.nh.us |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> and 24 senators. Most are effectively volunteers, nearly half of which are [[retirement|retirees]]. (For details, see the article on [[Government of New Hampshire#Legislative Branch|Government of New Hampshire]].) The state's sole appellate court is the [[New Hampshire Supreme Court]]. The [[New Hampshire Superior Court|Superior Court]] is the court of general jurisdiction and the only court which provides for jury trials in [[civil law (common law)|civil]] or [[criminal law|criminal]] cases. The other state courts are the [[New Hampshire Probate Court|Probate Court]], [[New Hampshire District Court|District Court]], and the [[New Hampshire Family Division|Family Division]]. ===Local government=== {{unreferenced section|date=April 2013}} New Hampshire has [[List of counties in New Hampshire|10 counties]] and [[List of cities and towns in New Hampshire|234 cities and towns]]. New Hampshire is a [[John Forrest Dillon|"Dillon Rule"]] state, meaning that the state retains all powers not specifically granted to municipalities. Even so, the legislature strongly favors local control, particularly with regard to land use regulations. New Hampshire municipalities are classified as [[New England town|towns]] or cities, which differ primarily by the form of government. Most towns generally operate on the [[town meeting]] form of government, where the registered voters in the town act as the town legislature, and a [[board of selectmen]] acts as the executive of the town. Larger towns and the state's thirteen cities operate either on a [[Council–manager government|council-manager]] or [[Mayor–council government|council-mayor]] form of government. There is no difference, from the point of view of the state government, between towns and cities besides the form of government. All state-level statutes treat all municipalities identically. New Hampshire has a small number of [[unincorporated area]]s that are titled as grants, locations, purchases, or townships. These locations have limited to no self-government, and services are generally provided for them by neighboring towns or the county or state where needed. As of the 2000 census, there were 25 of these left in New Hampshire, accounting for a total population of 175 people (as of 2000); several were entirely depopulated. All but two of these unincorporated areas are located in [[Coos County, New Hampshire|Coos County]]. ===Politics=== {{Main|Politics of New Hampshire|Political party strength in New Hampshire}} The [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] are the only official parties. A plurality of voters are registered as undeclared, and can choose either ballot in the primary and then regain their undeclared status after voting.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/election/iowa-newhampshire/independents.html Independents Become Largest Voting Bloc in New Hampshire]. Retrieved December 29, 2008.</ref> The [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] had official party status from 1990 to 1994. ====New Hampshire primary==== [[File:Alumni Hall 1889 Sun.jpg|thumb|right|[[Saint Anselm College]] has held several national debates on campus.]] New Hampshire is internationally famous for the [[New Hampshire primary]], the first [[U.S. presidential primary|primary]] in the quadrennial American presidential election cycle. State law requires that the Secretary of State schedule this election at least one week before any "similar event." However, the [[Iowa caucus]] has preceded the New Hampshire primary. This primary, as the nation's first contest that uses the same procedure as the general election, draws more attention than those in other states, and has often been decisive in shaping the national contest. State law permits a town with fewer than 100 residents to open its polls at midnight, and close when all registered citizens have cast their ballots. As such, the communities of [[Dixville Notch, New Hampshire|Dixville Notch]] in [[Coos County, New Hampshire|Coos County]] and [[Hart's Location, New Hampshire|Hart's Location]] in [[Carroll County, New Hampshire|Carroll County]], among others, have chosen to implement these provisions. Dixville Notch and Hart's Location are traditionally the first places in both New Hampshire and the U.S. to vote in presidential primaries and elections. Nominations for all other partisan offices are decided in a separate [[primary election]]. In Presidential election cycles, this is the second primary election held in New Hampshire. [[Saint Anselm College]] in [[Goffstown, New Hampshire|Goffstown]] has become a popular campaign spot for politicians as well as several national presidential debates because of its proximity to [[Manchester-Boston Regional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.saintanselmcollege.net/category/politics/face-the-nation/ |title=CBS’s Face the Nation : Saint Anselm College |publisher=Blogs.saintanselmcollege.net |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.anselm.edu/news+and+events/college+news/news/2007-11-29-primarydebates.htm ]{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Font size Print E-mail Share |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/07/politics/uwire/main3684304.shtml |title=Candidates Face Off At St. Anselm's College |publisher=CBS News |date=January 7, 2008 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> ====Election results==== In the past, New Hampshire has often voted Republican. Between 1856 and 1988, New Hampshire cast its electoral votes for the Democratic presidential ticket six times: [[Woodrow Wilson]] (twice), [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (three times), and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (once). Beginning in 1992, New Hampshire became a [[swing state]] in both national and local elections. The state supported Democrats [[Bill Clinton]] in 1992 and 1996, [[John Kerry]] in 2004, and [[Barack Obama]] in 2008 and 2012. It was the only state in the country to switch from supporting Republican [[George W. Bush]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 election]] to supporting his Democratic challenger in the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 election]], when [[John Kerry]], a senator from neighboring Massachusetts, won the state. The Democrats dominated elections in New Hampshire in 2006 and 2008. In 2006, Democrats won both congressional seats (electing [[Carol Shea-Porter]] in the 1st district and [[Paul Hodes]] in the 2nd district), re-elected Governor [[John Lynch (New Hampshire)|John Lynch]], and gained a majority on the Executive Council and in both houses of the legislature for the first time since 1911. Democrats had not held both the legislature and the governorship since 1874.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/masshightech/stories/2006/12/25/focus2.html| title=Storm of change sweeps through N.H. Legislature| publisher=''Mass High Tech: The Journal of New England Technology''| author=Kocher, Fred| date=December 22, 2006| accessdate=April 28, 2008}}</ref> Neither U.S. Senate seat was up for a vote in 2006. In 2008, Democrats retained their majorities, governorship, and Congressional seats; and former governor [[Jeanne Shaheen]] defeated incumbent Republican [[John E. Sununu]] for the U.S. Senate in a rematch of the 2002 contest. The 2008 elections resulted in women holding a majority, 13 of the 24 seats, in the New Hampshire Senate, a first for any legislative body in the United States.<ref>Senate President Sylvia Larsen, quoted in "Women make up majority in state Senate," the Manchester ''Union-Leader'', November 6, 2008.</ref> In the 2010 midterm elections, Republicans made historic gains in New Hampshire, capturing veto-proof majorities in the state legislature, taking all five seats in the Executive Council, electing a new U.S. senator, [[Kelly Ayotte]], winning both U.S. House seats, and reducing the margin of victory of incumbent Governor [[John Lynch (New Hampshire)|John Lynch]] compared to his 2006 and 2008 landslide wins. In the 2012 state legislative elections, Democrats took back the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives]] and narrowed the Republican majority in the [[New Hampshire Senate]] to 13-11.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sean |last=Sullivan |title=New Hampshire’s Democratic wave, explained |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/11/09/new-hampshires-democratic-wave-explained/ |location = Washington DC |work=The Washington Post |date=November 9, 2012 }}</ref> In 2012, New Hampshire became the first state in U.S. history to elect an all-female federal delegation: Democratic Congresswomen [[Carol Shea-Porter]] of [[New Hampshire's 1st congressional district|Congressional District 1]] and [[Ann McLane Kuster]] of [[New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district|Congressional District 2]] will accompany U.S. Senators [[Jeanne Shaheen]] and [[Kelly Ayotte]] in 2013. Further, the state elected its second female governor: Democrat [[Maggie Hassan]]. ====Free State Project==== {{main|Free State Project}} The [[Free State Project]] seeks to entice 20,000 individuals with libertarian-leaning views to move to New Hampshire with the intent of reducing the size and scope of government at the local, state and federal levels through active participation in the political process. The Free State Project holds the annual [[New Hampshire Liberty Forum]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freestateproject.org/libertyforum/ |title=Liberty Forum |publisher=Freestateproject.org |date=March 21, 2010 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> and the annual Porcupine Freedom Festival, also known as [[PorcFest]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Liberty Forum Porcupine Festival External |url=http://www.freestateproject.org/festival/ |title=PorcFest |publisher=Freestateproject.org |date=June 27, 2010 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> ==Transportation== ===Highways=== New Hampshire has a well-maintained, well-signed network of [[Interstate highways]], U.S. highways, and state highways. State highway markers still depict the [[Old Man of the Mountain]] despite that rock formation's demise in 2003. Several route numbers align with the same route numbers in neighboring states. State highway numbering does not indicate the highway's direction. Major routes include: * [[File:I-89.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 89]] runs northwest from near [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]] to [[Lebanon, New Hampshire|Lebanon]] on the [[Vermont]] border. * [[File:I-93.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 93]] is the main Interstate highway in New Hampshire and runs north from [[Salem, New Hampshire|Salem]] (on the Massachusetts border) to [[Littleton, New Hampshire|Littleton]] (on the Vermont border). I-93 connects the more densely populated southern part of the state to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains further to the north. * [[File:I-95.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 95]] runs north-south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to serve the city of [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]], before entering [[Maine]] * [[File:US 1.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 1]] runs north-south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to the east of and paralleling I-95. * [[File:US 2.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 2]] runs east-west through [[Coos County, New Hampshire|Coos County]] from Maine, intersecting [[New Hampshire Route 16|Route 16]], skirting the [[White Mountain National Forest]] passing through [[Jefferson, New Hampshire|Jefferson]] and into Vermont. * [[File:US 3.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 3]] is the longest numbered route in the state, and the only one to run completely through the state from the Massachusetts border to the Canadian border. It generally parallels [[Interstate 93]]. South of Manchester, it takes a more westerly route through [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]]. North of Franconia Notch, U.S. 3 takes a more easterly route, before terminating at the Canadian border. * [[File:US 4.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 4]] terminates at the [[Portsmouth Traffic Circle]] and runs east-west across the southern part of the state connecting [[Durham, New Hampshire|Durham]], Concord, [[Boscawen, New Hampshire|Boscawen]] and Lebanon. * [[File:NH Route 16.svg|20px]] [[New Hampshire Route 16]] is a major north-south highway in the eastern part of the state that generally parallels the border with [[Maine]], eventually entering Maine as Maine Route 16. The southernmost portion of NH 16 is a four-lane freeway, co-signed with U.S. Route 4. * [[File:NH Route 101.svg|20px]] [[New Hampshire Route 101]] is a major east-west highway in the southern part of the state that connects [[Keene, New Hampshire|Keene]] with [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] and the Seacoast region. East of Manchester, NH 101 is a four-lane, limited access highway that runs to [[Hampton Beach, New Hampshire|Hampton Beach]] and I-95. {{further2|[[New Hampshire Highway System]]}} ===Air=== New Hampshire has 25 public-use airports, four of which have scheduled commercial passenger service. The busiest airport by number of passengers handled is [[Manchester-Boston Regional Airport]] in Manchester and [[Londonderry, New Hampshire|Londonderry]], which serves the [[Greater Boston]] metropolitan area. {{further2|[[List of airports in New Hampshire]]}} ===Public transportation=== Long-distance intercity passenger rail service is provided by [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Vermonter]]'' and ''[[Downeaster]]'' lines. As of 2013, Boston-centered [[MBTA Commuter Rail]] services reach only as far as northern Massachusetts. The [[New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority]] is working to extend "Capital Corridor" service from [[Lowell, Massachusetts]] to Nashua, Concord, and Manchester, including [[Manchester-Boston Regional Airport]]; and "Coastal Corridor" service from [[Haverhill, Massachusetts]], to [[Plaistow, New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nh.gov/dot/programs/nhrta/documents/NHRTAGoals40-April18Reformat.pdf |title=Draft NHRTA Prioritized Goals |format=PDF |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nashuarpc.org/rail/index.html |title=Nashuarpc.org |publisher=Nashuarpc.org |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> Legislation in 2007 created the [[New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority]] (NHRTA) with the goal of overseeing the development of commuter rail in the state of New Hampshire. In 2011, Governor John Lynch vetoed HB 218, a bill passed by Republican lawmakers, which would have drastically curtailed the powers and responsibilities of NHRTA.<ref>[http://nhjournal.com/2011/03/15/business-groups-unite-in-support-of-nh-rail-transit-authority/ Business groups unite to support NH Rail Transit Authority « New Hampshire Journal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.governor.nh.gov/media/news/2011/061511-hb218.htm Governor Lynch's Veto Message Regarding HB 218|Press Releases|Governor John Lynch<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Eleven public transit authorities operate local and regional bus services around the state, and eight private carriers operate express bus services which link with the national intercity bus network.<ref name="nhdotrs">{{cite web|author=Tom Gilligan, IT Services, NHDOT 603-271-1561 |url=http://www.nh.gov/dot/nhrideshare/links.htm |title=NG.gov |publisher=Nh.gov |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> The [[New Hampshire Department of Transportation]] operates a statewide ride-sharing match service,<ref>{{cite web|author=Tom Gilligan, IT Services, NHDOT 603-271-1561 |url=http://www.nh.gov/dot/nhrideshare/index.htm |title=NH.gov |publisher=NH.gov |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> in addition to independent ride matching and guaranteed ride home programs.<ref name="nhdotrs" /> [[Tourist railroad]]s include the [[Conway Scenic Railroad]], [[Hobo-Winnipesaukee Railroad]], and the [[Mount Washington Cog Railway]]. ===Freight railways=== Freight railways in New Hampshire include [[Pan Am Railways]], the [[New England Central Railroad]], the [[St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad]], and [[New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation]]. {{further2|[[List of New Hampshire railroads]]}} ==Education== [[File:BakerLibrary.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dartmouth College]]'s [[Baker Memorial Library|Baker Library]]]] [[File:T-Hall2.jpg|thumb|right|Thompson Hall, at [[University of New Hampshire|UNH]], was built in 1892.]] ===High schools=== {{See also|List of high schools in New Hampshire}} The first public high schools in the state were the Boys' High School and the Girls' High School of [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]], established either in 1827 or 1830 depending on the source.<ref>{{Cite book | first1 = Emit Duncan | last1 = Grizzell | authorlink1 = Emit Duncan Grizzell | title = Origin and Development of the High School in New England Before 1865 | publisher=[[Macmillan Company]] | year = 1923 | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4067-4258-9 | page = 181 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=jP20VWHFqV4C&printsec=frontcover | oclc = 1921554 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | first1 = George Gary | last1 = Bush | authorlink1 = George Gary Bush | title = № 22, History of Education in New Hampshire | series = United States Bureau of Education Circular of Information, № 3, 1898 | publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|GPO]] | year = 1898 | location = Washington, D. C. | page = 134 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=MEIXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=toc#PRA2-PA134,M1 | oclc = 817663 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Wallace | first = R. Stuart | last2 = Hall | first2 = Douglas E.| title = A New Hampshire Education Timeline | publisher=[[New Hampshire Historical Society]] | url = http://www.nhhistory.org/edu/support/nhlearnmore/nhedtimeline.pdf | accessdate =January 28, 2009 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> New Hampshire has more than 80 public high schools, many of which serve more than one town. The largest is [[Pinkerton Academy]] in [[Derry, New Hampshire|Derry]], which is owned by a private non-profit organization and serves as the public high school of a number of neighboring towns. There are at least 30 private high schools in the state. * [https://ww4.ed.state.nh.us/reporting/HighSchoolTowns.asp New Hampshire High Schools and The Towns They Serve] * [http://www.nh.gov/residents/k12.html New Hampshire public schools with a Web presence] In 2008 the state tied with Massachusetts as having the highest scores on the SAT and ACT standardized tests given to high school students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.v-weiss.de/table.html |title=The IQ-Trapper |publisher=V-weiss.de |date=May 30, 2009 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> ===Colleges and universities=== {{Main|List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire}} * [[Antioch University New England]] * [[Chester College of New England]] * [[The College of Saint Mary Magdalen]] * [[Colby-Sawyer College]] * [[Daniel Webster College]] * [[Dartmouth College]] * [[Franklin Pierce University]] * [[Lebanon College]] * [[Mount Washington College]] * [[New England College]] * [[Community College System of New Hampshire]]: ** [[White Mountains Community College]] ** [[River Valley Community College]] ** [[Lakes Region Community College]] ** [[New Hampshire Technical Institute]] ** [[Nashua Community College]] ** [[Great Bay Community College]] ** [[Manchester Community College (New Hampshire)|Manchester Community College]] * [[New Hampshire Institute of Art]] * [[Rivier University]] * [[Saint Anselm College]] * [[Southern New Hampshire University]] * [[Thomas More College of Liberal Arts]] * [[University System of New Hampshire]]: ** [[University of New Hampshire]] ** [[University of New Hampshire School of Law]] ** [[University of New Hampshire at Manchester]] ** [[Granite State College]] ** [[Keene State College]] ** [[Plymouth State University]] ==Media== ===Daily newspapers=== {{Main|List of newspapers in New Hampshire}} <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> * ''[[Berlin Daily Sun]]'' * ''[[Concord Monitor]]'' * ''[[Conway Daily Sun]]'' * ''[[The Dartmouth]]'' of [[Dartmouth College]]/Hanover * ''[[Eagle Times]]'' of [[Claremont, New Hampshire|Claremont]] * ''[[The Eagle Tribune|Eagle Tribune]]'' ([[Lawrence, Massachusetts]] area, including parts of southern New Hampshire) * ''[[Foster's Daily Democrat]]'' of [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]] * ''[[Keene Sentinel]]'' * ''[[Laconia Citizen]]'' * ''[[Laconia Daily Sun]]'' * ''[[New Hampshire Union Leader]]'' of [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]] fka ''The Manchester Union Leader'' * ''[[The Portsmouth Herald]]'' * ''[[The Telegraph (Nashua)|The Telegraph]]'' of [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]] * ''[[The Sun (Lowell)|The Sun]]'' ([[Lowell, Massachusetts]] area, including parts of southern New Hampshire) * ''[[Valley News]]'' of [[Lebanon, New Hampshire|Lebanon]] </div> ===Other publications=== * ''[[Area News Group]]'' * ''Business New Hampshire Magazine'' * ''[http://www.nhliving.com NH Living Magazine]'' * ''The Cabinet Press'' ** [[Milford Cabinet]] ** Bedford Journal ** Hollis/Brookline Journal ** Merrimack Journal * ''Carriage Towne News'' (covering [[Kingston, New Hampshire|Kingston]] and surrounding towns) * ''[[The Exeter News-Letter]]'' * ''[[The Hampton Union]]'' * ''[[Hippo Press]]'' (covering Manchester, Nashua and Concord) * ''[[Manchester Express]]'' * ''[[The New Hampshire]]'' (University of New Hampshire student newspaper) * ''[[New Hampshire Business Review]]'' * ''[[New Hampshire Free Press]]'' * ''[[The New Hampshire Gazette]]'' (Portsmouth alternative biweekly) * ''The New Hampshire Herald'' (Manchester alternative biweekly) * ''Salmon Press Newspapers'' (family of weekly newspapers covering Lakes Region & North Country) ===Radio stations=== :''See [[List of radio stations in New Hampshire]]''. ===Television stations=== {{Main|List of television stations in New Hampshire}} * [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate [[WMUR]], Channel 9, Manchester * [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] affiliate [[WENH]], Channel 11, Durham ([[New Hampshire Public Television]]); repeater stations in Keene and Littleton * Independent station [[WBIN-TV|WBIN]], Channel 50, Derry/Manchester ==Sports== The following professional sports teams are located in New Hampshire: {| class="wikitable" |- !Club !Sport / League |- |[[New Hampshire Fisher Cats]] |[[Eastern League (baseball)|Eastern League (class AA baseball)]] |- |[[Manchester Monarchs]] |[[American Hockey League]] |- |[[New Hampshire Phantoms]] |[[USL Premier Development League]] (soccer) |- |[[Manchester Freedom]] |[[Independent Women's Football League]] |} The [[New Hampshire Motor Speedway]] in [[Loudon, New Hampshire|Loudon]] is an oval track and road course which has been visited by national motorsport championship series such as the [[NASCAR Cup Series]], the [[NASCAR Nationwide Series]], the [[NASCAR Camping World Truck Series]], [[NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour]], ACT [[American Canadian Tour]], the [[Champ Car]] and the [[IndyCar Series]]. Other motor racing venues include [[Star Speedway]] and [[New England Dragway]] in [[Epping, New Hampshire|Epping]], [[Twin State Speedway]] in [[Claremont, New Hampshire|Claremont]], [[Monadnock Speedway]] in [[Winchester, New Hampshire|Winchester]] and [[Canaan Fair Speedway]] in [[Canaan, New Hampshire|Canaan]]. Annually since 2002, high-school statewide all-stars compete against Vermont in ten sports during "Twin State" playoffs.<ref>{{cite book | author=Fantino, John A. |title = Vermont breaks through | publisher=Burlington Free Press | date = July 20, 2008}}</ref> New Hampshire also has two amateur [[roller derby]] leagues with the ManchVegas Roller Girls ([[USARS]]) and [[New Hampshire Roller Derby]] ([[WFTDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wftda.com/leagues |title=Member Leagues – Women’s Flat Track Derby Association |publisher=Wftda.com |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref>). ==Culture== In the spring, New Hampshire's many [[sugar house|sap houses]] hold sugaring-off open houses. In summer and early autumn, New Hampshire is home to many [[fair|county fairs]], the largest being the Hopkinton State Fair, in [[Contoocook, New Hampshire|Contoocook]]. New Hampshire's [[Lakes Region (New Hampshire)|Lakes Region]] is home to many summer camps, especially around [[Lake Winnipesaukee]], and is a popular tourist destination. The Peterborough Players have performed every summer in [[Peterborough, New Hampshire]] since 1933. The [http://www.barnstormerstheatre.org/about-us/ Barnstormers Theatre] in Tamworth, New Hampshire, founded in 1931, is one of the longest-running professional summer theaters in the United States. In the fall New Hampshire is host to the [[Highland Games|New Hampshire Highland Games]]. New Hampshire has also registered an official [[tartan]] with the proper authorities in [[Scotland]], used to make kilts worn by the [[Lincoln, New Hampshire|Lincoln]] Police Department while its officers serve during the games. The [[Autumn leaf color|fall foliage]] peaks in mid-October. In the winter, [[List of ski areas and resorts in the United States#New Hampshire|New Hampshire's ski areas]] and [[snowmobile]] trails attract visitors from a wide area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhtrails.org/ |title=The New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation : Bureau of Trails |publisher=Nhtrails.org |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> After the lakes freeze over they become dotted with [[ice fishing]] ice houses, known locally as bobhouses. ===In fiction=== ====Comics==== * Bob Montana, the original artist for [[Archie Comics|''Archie'' Comics]], attended [[Manchester Central High School]] for a year, and may have based Riverdale High School in part on Central. * Al Capp, creator of the comic strip ''[[Li'l Abner]]'', used to joke that [[Dogpatch]], the setting for the strip, was based on [[Seabrook, New Hampshire|Seabrook]], where he would vacation with his wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/2004news/07042004/news/24976.htm |title=Susan Morse, "Last of the Yankees", '&#39;Portsmouth Herald'&#39;, July 4, 2004 |publisher=Seacoastonline.com |date=July 4, 2004 |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> ====Film====<!--In rough chronological order--> * [[Dartmouth College]] is said to be the inspiration for the film ''[[Animal House]]'' (1978), as one of the scriptwriters, [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]], studied there. *The film ''[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond]]'' (1981) was filmed and takes place in New Hampshire. *The film ''[[What About Bob?]]'' (1991) takes place primarily in New Hampshire but was actually filmed in Virginia. *The film ''[[Jumanji]]'' (1995) with Robin Williams, was filmed in [[Keene, New Hampshire|Keene]]. *The film ''[[Live Free or Die (2006 film)|Live Free or Die]]'' (2006) was filmed in [[Claremont, New Hampshire|Claremont]]. ====Literature==== Many novels, plays and screenplays have been set in New Hampshire. The state has played other roles in fiction, including:<!--In rough chronological order--> * New Hampshire born [[Daniel Webster]] is a prominent figure in [[Stephen Vincent Benét]]'s short story entitled "[[The Devil and Daniel Webster]]" (1937), about a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster. * [[Peterborough, New Hampshire|Peterborough]] is the inspiration for the town of [[Grover's Corners]], in [[Thornton Wilder]]'s play ''[[Our Town]] (1938)''. * The novel ''[[Peyton Place (novel)|Peyton Place]]'' (1956) was inspired by the town of [[Gilmanton, New Hampshire|Gilmanton]]. * [[John Knowles]] based the Devon School in ''[[A Separate Peace]]'' (1959) on [[Phillips Exeter Academy]] in [[Exeter, New Hampshire|Exeter]]. * The prep school in [[John Irving]]'s ''[[The World According to Garp]]'' (1978) was also based on Phillips Exeter Academy. Irving's stepfather was a faculty member at the school, and Irving is an alumnus; New Hampshire settings are common in his works. * ''[[The Hotel New Hampshire]]'' (1981) by [[John Irving]] is a coming of age novel. * New Hampshire resident and author [[Jodi Picoult]] sets many of her novels in small towns in New Hampshire.{{cn|date=March 2014}} ====Television==== *In the cable television series ''[[Breaking Bad]]'', the character [[Walter White (Breaking Bad)|Walter White]] escapes to a cabin in a fictional county in Northern New Hampshire, and two of the show's episodes are titled "[[Live Free or Die (Breaking Bad)|Live Free or Die]]" and "[[Granite State (Breaking Bad)|Granite State]]".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Hollywood Reporter|author=Tim Goodman|title='Breaking Bad' Deconstruction, Ep. 15: 'Granite State'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/breaking-bad-deconstruction-ep-15-634297|date=9/22/2013 }}</ref> *In ''[[The Sopranos]]'' episode, "[[Live Free or Die (The Sopranos)|Live Free or Die]]", the character [[Vito Spatafore]] hides out, for a time, from the New Jersey and New York mob families in New Hampshire. * The character of [[Josiah Bartlet]], President of the United States on the television series ''[[The West Wing]]'', was depicted as a two-term New Hampshire governor. ==Notable residents or natives== ''See article [[List of people from New Hampshire]].'' ==New Hampshire firsts== * On January 5, 1776 at [[Exeter, New Hampshire|Exeter]], the Provincial Congress of New Hampshire ratified the first independent [[New Hampshire Constitution#1776 Constitution|constitution]] in the Americas, free of British rule.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nh.gov/folklife/learning/first.htm| title=NH Firsts & Bests| publisher=Nh.gov| accessdate=December 13, 2011}}</ref> * On June 12, 1800, Fernald's Island in the [[Piscataqua River]] became the first government-sanctioned US Navy shipyard. * Started in 1822, [[Dublin, New Hampshire|Dublin]]'s Juvenile Library was the first free public library. * In 1828, the first women's strike in the nation took place at [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover's]] Cocheco Mills. * Founded in 1833, the [[Peterborough, New Hampshire|Peterborough]] Town Library was the first public library, supported with public funds, in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libraryhistorybuff.org/peterborough.htm |title=The Peterborough Town Library |publisher=Libraryhistorybuff.org |accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref> * On August 3, 1852, [[Center Harbor, New Hampshire|Center Harbor]] was the site of the first intercollegiate athletic event. [[Harvard University|Harvard]] defeated [[Yale University|Yale]] in a {{convert|2|mi|adj=on}} rowing race on [[Lake Winnipesaukee]], the first meeting in a rivalry that continues to this day. * Finished on June 27, 1874, the first trans-Atlantic telecommunications cable between Europe and America stretched from Balinskelligs Bay, Ireland, to [[Rye Beach, New Hampshire|Rye Beach]]. * On February 6, 1901, a group of nine conservationists founded the [[Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests]], the first forest-conservation advocacy group in the US. * In 1908, Monsignor [[Pierre Hevey]] organized the nation's first [[credit union]], in Manchester, to help mill workers save and borrow money. * In 1933 the [[League of New Hampshire Craftsmen]] held the first [[craft]]s fair in the nation.<ref>[http://www.nhcrafts.org/annualfair.htm League of New Hampshire Craftsmen's Fair]{{dead link|date=June 2012}} Accessed November 9, 2007 {{Wayback|url=http://www.nhcrafts.org/annualfair.htm|date=20071013235439|bot=DASHBot}}{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> * In July 1944, the [[Bretton Woods system|Bretton Woods Agreement]], the first fully negotiated system intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states, was signed at the [[Mount Washington Hotel]]. * On May 5, 1961, [[Alan Shepard]] of [[Derry, New Hampshire|Derry]] rode a Mercury spacecraft and became the first American in space. * In 1963, New Hampshire's legislature approved the nation's first modern state [[New Hampshire Lottery|lottery]], which began play in 1964. * In 1966, [[Ralph Baer]] of [[Sanders Associates]], Inc., Nashua, recruited engineers to develop the first home video game. * [[Christa McAuliffe]] of Concord became the first private citizen selected to venture into space. She perished with her six space shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Challenger|Challenger]]'' crewmates on January 28, 1986. * On May 17, 1996 New Hampshire became the first state in the country to install a green [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] [[traffic light]]. New Hampshire was selected because it was the first state to install the red and yellow variety statewide.<ref>Sending a bright signal, Concord Monitor pg B-6, May 18, 1996</ref> * On May 31, 2007, New Hampshire became "...the first state to [[LGBT rights in New Hampshire|recognize same-sex unions]] without a court order or the threat of one."<ref>Wang, Beverley. (April 26, 2007) [http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070426/REPOSITORY/70426002/1030 State Senate approves civil unions for same-sex couples] ''Concord Monitor''. Retrieved April 26, 2007.</ref> ==See also== {{portal|New Hampshire}} {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Further reading== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=New England |last=Sletcher |first=Michael |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-32753-X |url= }} * [http://www.vnews.com/webextras/webextras-land.html ''Land Use in Cornish, N.H.''], a 2006 documentary presentation by James M. Patterson of the [[Valley News]], depicts various aspects of the societal and cultural environment of Northern New Hampshire {{refend}} ==External links== <!--please do not list commercial sites. Use other web pages for promotional purposes. This is an encyclopedia. ---> {{Sister project links|voy=New Hampshire}} ;State government * [http://www.nh.gov/ Official state website] * [http://www.nh.gov/nhinfo/ New Hampshire Almanac] * [http://www.visitnh.gov/ Visitnh.gov], New Hampshire Office of Travel and Tourism Development ;U.S. Government * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/newhampshire/ New Hampshire State Guide from the Library of Congress] * [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=NH Energy Facts for New Hampshire] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/NH.htm New Hampshire State Facts]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}, USDA Economic Research Service * [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=NH USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of New Hampshire] ;Other * [http://www.imdb.com/search/text?realm=title&field=locations&q=New+Hampshire Internet Movie Database listing of films shot in the state] * [http://www.nhhistory.org New Hampshire Historical Society] * {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/New_Hampshire}} * {{osmrelation-inline|67213}} {{clear}} {{New Hampshire|expanded}} {{13colonies}} {{New England}} {{United States political divisions}} {{United States topics}} {{Geographic location | Northwest = | North = {{flag|Canada}}<br>{{flag|Quebec}} | Northeast = | West = {{flag|Vermont}} | Centre = '' New Hampshire'': [[Outline of New Hampshire|Outline]] • [[Index of New Hampshire-related articles|Index]] | East = {{flag|Maine}} | South = {{flag|Massachusetts}} | Southeast = [[Atlantic Ocean]] }} {{succession | preceded = [[South Carolina]] | office = [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]] | years = Ratified [[Constitution of the United States of America|Constitution]] on June 21, 1788 (ninth) | succeeded = [[Virginia]] }} {{Coord|display=title|44|N|71.5|W|region:US-NH_type:adm1st_scale:3000000}} [[Category:New Hampshire| ]] [[Category:States of the United States]] [[Category:New England]] [[Category:Northeastern United States]] [[Category:Former British colonies]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1788]] [[Category:Populated places in the United States with French-American plurality populations]]'