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[ 0 => '{{About|the type of software|virtual keyboard that can be projected and touched on any surface|projection keyboard}}', 1 => '{{multiple issues|refimprove = September 2012|lead too short = October 2011}}', 2 => '[[File:Apple iPad Event03.jpg|300px|thumb|Typing on an [[iPad]]'s virtual keyboard]]', 3 => 'A '''virtual keyboard''' is a software component that allows a user to enter characters.<ref>{{cite web|title=virtual keyboard|url=http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/53924/virtual-keyboard|publisher=PCMag}}</ref> A virtual keyboard can usually be operated with multiple input devices, which may include a [[touchscreen]], an actual [[computer keyboard]] and a [[computer mouse]].', 4 => false, 5 => '== Types ==', 6 => false, 7 => 'On a desktop PC, one purpose of a virtual keyboard is to provide an alternative input mechanism for users with disabilities who cannot use, or do not have access to a physical keyboard. Another major use for an on-screen keyboard is for bi- or multi-lingual users who switch frequently between different character sets or alphabets, which may be confusing over time. Although hardware keyboards are available with dual [[keyboard layouts]] (e.g. Cyrillic/Latin letters in various national layouts), the on-screen keyboard provides a handy substitute while working at different stations or on laptops which seldom come with dual layouts.', 8 => false, 9 => 'Virtual keyboards are commonly used as an on-screen input method in devices with no physical keyboard, where there is no room for one, such as a [[pocket computer]], [[personal digital assistant]] (PDA), [[tablet computer]] or [[touchscreen]] equipped [[mobile phone]]. It is common for the user to input text by tapping a virtual keyboard built into the [[operating system]] of the device. Virtual keyboards are also used as features of [[virtual machine|emulation software]] for systems that have fewer buttons than a computer keyboard would have.', 10 => false, 11 => 'Virtual keyboards can be categorized by the following aspects:', 12 => false, 13 => '* Physical keyboards with distinct keys comprising electronically changeable displays integrated in the keypads', 14 => '* Virtual keyboards with touchscreen keyboard layouts or sensing areas<ref>{{patent|US|4725694|application|Auer Carol M, Castagno Daniel L/AT&T: "Computer interface device" priority date 13.05.1986}}</ref>', 15 => '* [[Projection keyboard|Optically projected keyboard]] layouts or similar arrangements of "keys" or sensing areas<ref>{{patent|DE|19734511|application|B. Kämmerer, C, Maggioni, H. Röttger/SIEMENS AG: "Kommunikationseinrichtung" filing date 08.08.1997}}</ref><ref>{{patent|WO|0003348|C. Maggioni, B. Kämmerer/SIEMENS AG: "Projection Device / Vorrichtung zur Projektion" priority date 10.07.1998}}</ref>', 16 => '* Optically detected human hand and finger motions<ref name=EP0554492>{{patent |EP |0554492 |Hans E. Korth: "Method and device for optical input of commands or data" filing date 07.02.1992}}</ref>', 17 => '* Virtual keyboards to allow input from a variety of input devices, such as a [[Mouse (computing)|computer mouse]], [[Switch access|switch]] or other [[assistive technology]] device.', 18 => false, 19 => 'An [[optical]] virtual keyboard was invented and patented by [[IBM]] engineers in 2008.<ref name=EP0554492 /> It optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets them as operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface having painted keys. In that way it allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. All mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices, optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.', 20 => false, 21 => 'On the Internet, various [[JavaScript]] virtual keyboards have been created, allowing users to type their own languages on foreign keyboards, particularly in Internet cafes. [[Multitouch]] screens allow the possibility to create virtual [[chorded keyboard]]s for [[tablet computers]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Chien-Hsu Chen|title=Design and Evaluation of Chord Keyboard for Tablet Computer Manipulation|url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242210707_Design_and_Evaluation_of_Chord_Keyboard_for_Tablet_Computer_Manipulation?ev=pubfeed_dept|publisher=National Cheng Kung University}}</ref> touchscreens, [[touchpads]] and [[wired glove]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/asetniop-chorded-keyboard-concept/24477/|title=ASETNIOP concept designed to make touch typing on a touchscreen a mite easier|publisher=Gizmag.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todaysiphone.com/2012/10/asetniop-invisible-keyboard-aims-to-get-you-touch-typing-on-the-ipad/|title=ASETNIOP invisible keyboard aims to get you touch-typing on the iPad|publisher=todaysiphone.com}}</ref>', 22 => false, 23 => '== Security considerations ==', 24 => false, 25 => 'Virtual keyboards may be used in some cases to reduce the risk of [[keystroke logging]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Virtual keyboard|url=https://www.psbonline.co.in/BankAwayRetail/(S(3izwzr554kvmhxbgks11su55))/web/L001/retail/jsp/user/vir_keyb.html}}</ref> For example, [[Westpac]]’s [https://olb.westpac.com.au/esis/Login/SrvPage online banking service] uses a virtual keyboard for the password entry, as does [[TreasuryDirect]] (see picture). It is more difficult for [[Malware#Data-stealing malware|malware]] to monitor the display and mouse to obtain the data entered via the virtual keyboard, than it is to monitor real keystrokes. However it is possible, for example by recording [[screenshots]] at regular intervals or upon each mouse click.<ref>Lake Software: [http://cnt.lakefolks.com/keylogger-no.htm Does not defeat keyloggers!]</ref><ref>{{Citation', 26 => ' | last = Smith', 27 => ' | first = David A.', 28 => ' | title = Outsmarting Keyloggers', 29 => ' | publisher = PC Magazine', 30 => ' | date = 2006-06-21', 31 => ' | url = http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1978513,00.asp', 32 => ' | accessdate = 2009-11-16}}</ref>', 33 => false, 34 => '[[Image:TreasuryDirectLoginScreen.PNG|thumb|TreasuryDirect login screen, showing virtual keyboard]]', 35 => false, 36 => 'The use of an on-screen keyboard on which the user "types" with mouse clicks can increase the risk of password disclosure by [[Shoulder surfing (computer security)|shoulder surfing]], because:', 37 => false, 38 => '* An observer can typically watch the screen more easily (and less suspiciously) than the keyboard, and see which characters the mouse moves to.', 39 => '* Some implementations of the on-screen keyboard may give visual feedback of the "key" clicked, e.g. by changing its colour briefly. This makes it much easier for an observer to read the data from the screen. In the worst case, the implementation may leave the [[Focus (computing)|focus]] on the most recently clicked "key" until the next virtual key is clicked, thus allowing the observer time to read each character even after the mouse starts moving to the next character.', 40 => '* A user may not be able to "point and click" as fast as they could type on a keyboard, thus making it easier for the observer.', 41 => false, 42 => '==See also==', 43 => '* [[Mouse keys]]', 44 => false, 45 => '== Notes ==', 46 => '{{reflist}}', 47 => false, 48 => '== External links ==' ]