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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Refimprove|date=March 2010}}
[[File:Watusi Thoiry 1982.jpg|thumb|Ankole-Watusi at the [[Château of Thoiry]], [[France]]]]
The '''Ankole-Watusi''', also known as '''Ankole longhorn''',<ref>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/ankole/ Ankole], Breeds of Livestock</ref> is a [[breed]] of [[cattle]] originally native to [[Africa]]. Its large, distinctive [[Horn (anatomy)|horns]], that can reach up to {{Convert|8|ft|1}} from tip to tip, are used for defense and cooling by blood vesseled honeycombs.<ref>http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/07/food-ark/cattle-breeds#/4</ref> Ankole-Watusis weigh from {{Convert|900|to|1600|lb|-1}}.
Living in the savannas and open grasslands, their diet consists of grass and leaves. The animal is sometimes known as '''Ankole''' or '''Watusi''', and is a breed of [[Sanga cattle]].
==Characteristics==
Ankoles are able to utilize poor quality [[forage]] and limited quantities of food and water. These survival abilities have allowed them as a breed to not only survive the centuries in Africa but to become established in Europe, South America, Australia, and North America.
[[File:LembuAnkole.jpg|thumb|Ankole-Watusi kept at National Zoo, [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Ankole-Watusi Orfeo2.JPG|thumb|Ankole-Watusi kept at [[Pombia Safari Park]], [[Italy]]]]
The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing {{convert|950|-|1200|lb|kg|-1}} and bulls weighing {{convert|1200|-|1600|lb|kg|-1}}. Newborn calves weigh just {{convert|30|-|50|lb|kg}} and remain small for several months. This low birth-weight makes Ankole-Watusi bulls useful for breeding to first-calf-heifers of other breeds.
During the day, the calves sleep together, with an "auntie" cow nearby for protection. At night, the herd-members sleep together, with the calves in the center of the group for protection. The horns of the adults serve as formidable weapons against any intruders.
==History==
Ancient rock paintings and depictions of Ankole-Watusi cows have been observed in the Sahara region and in the Egyptian arts and pyramid walls. There is a breed called the [[Sanga cattle|Sanga]] that spread to the [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], and other parts of eastern Africa, becoming the base stock of many of the indigenous African breeds.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}} The Sanga demonstrated most of the typical Zebu characteristics, such as pendulous [[dewlap]] and [[penile sheath|sheath]], upturned horns, and a neck hump of variable size. Modern descendants of the Sanga, however, vary greatly in size, conformation, and horns, due to differing selection pressures by different tribes.
Particularly remarkable are the cattle found in Uganda, [[Rwanda]], and [[Burundi]]. In Uganda, the [[Nkole]] tribe's Sanga variety is known as the Ankole. In Rwanda and Burundi, the [[Tutsi]] tribe's Sanga variety is called the Watusi. The Rwanda common strain of Watusi is called Inkuku. The giant-horned strain, owned by the Tutsi kings and chiefs, is called the ''Inyambo'', though some current tribal reports claim that this type is now extinct. Traditionally, Ankole-Watusi were considered sacred. They supplied milk to the owners, but were only rarely used for meat production, since an owner's wealth was counted in live animals.
Under traditional management for milk production, the Ankole cow is grazed all day, then brought home to her young calf. The calf is allowed to suckle briefly to stimulate milk letdown, then the cow is milked. The calf suckles further after hand-milking has finished and then is separated from its mother again. The process is repeated in the morning. This minimal nourishment of calves results in high death rates in the young. Milk production is not high, with a typical cow producing only 2 pints of milk daily for humans, although an exceptional one can manage up to 8 pints. In addition, the lactation period is short. Over the last 10 years, the national government{{Which|date=April 2010}} has attempted to select for animals which produce more milk and have better meat production. Famine and disease, as well as the conflict with traditional practices, have slowed this effort.
Ankole-Watusi have played a pivotal role in the lives of various African tribes – [[Tutsi]], [[Ankole]], [[Hima people|Bahima]], [[Bashi]], [[Bakiga]], and the [[Kivu]] – although the Tutsi are most often associated with the breed. The cattle provided food, currency, and tribal status. In Rwanda, where the Tutsi ruled, Watusi were known as ''Insanga'', "the ones which were found" and ''Inyambo'', "the cows with long, long horns". Those with the largest and longest horns belonged to the king and were considered sacred, with some individuals having horns that measure {{Convert|12|ft}} from tip to tip. The breed is often referred to as the "Cattle of Kings".
Watusi first arrived in America in the 1960s when Walter Schultz imported two bulls from Scandinavia and a female from Europe. Thanks to the efforts of private breeders, zoos, and associations, this animal is no longer endangered. However, in his book 'Uganda: the land and its people' (ISBN 978-9987-9308-9-0), Mr. Godfrey Mwakikagile states that the breed's pure genetics are under heavy stress through cross-breeding with Holsteins insofar that the breed may disappear altogether locally. This was caused by the introduction of the highly milk-productive Holstein breed by the Heifer International program. These Holsteins need medical support and are prone to disease. The indigenous Ankole breed is fully adapted to the region's climatical conditions, their horns -often seen as ornaments- actually disperse heat.They are much more able to cope with adverse local conditions such as drought, while the Holsteins are consuming unsustainable amounts of dwindling resources.{{Clarify|date=June 2011|Reason=Endangered in the US, in America generally, or globally? Surely not endangered in Africa? If only US or America, would read better as "rare", not "endangered".}}
==Record==
Two Ankole-Watusi individuals are in the [[Guinness World Records]] for the largest horn circumferences for a bull and steer, respectively. The bull, named CT Woodie, had horns which measured {{Convert|40.75|in|cm}} around on September 20, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-horn-circumference-bull/|title=Largest horn circumference – bull|work=Guinness World Records| accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> The steer, named Lurch, had horns measuring {{Convert|37.5|in|cm}} around on May 6, 2003; he died on May 22, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/size/largest-horn-circumference-steer|title=Largest horn circumference - steer|work=Guinness World Records| accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Watusi cattle}}
*[http://www.awir.org/ Ankole Watusi International Registry]
*[http://www.watusicattle.com/ World Watusi Association]
*{{citation | last = Rice | first = Andrew | title = A Dying Breed | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date = January 27, 2008 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/magazine/27cow-t.html}}
*[http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/ankole.htm Animal Bytes]
*[http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/worlds-largest-horns.html Lurch, the bull with the largest horns in the world | Oddity Central – Collecting Oddities]
*[http://www.todaysthv.com/news/story.aspx?storyid=105247 Lurch, the steer with the largest horns in the world, dies] retrieved 20130127
[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Refimprove|date=March 2010}}
[[File:Watusi Thoiry 1982.jpg|thumb|Ankole-Watusi at the [[Château of Thoiry]], [[France]]]]
The '''Ankole-Watusi''', also known as '''Ankole longhorn''',<ref>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/ankole/ Ankole], Breeds of Livestock</ref> is a [[breed]] of [[cattle]] originally native to [[Africa]]. Its large, distinctive [[Horn (anatomy)|horns]], that can reach up to {{Convert|8|ft|1}} from tip to tip, are used for defense and cooling by blood vesseled honeycombs.<ref>http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/07/food-ark/cattle-breeds#/4</ref> Ankole-Watusis weigh from {{Convert|900|to|1600|lb|-1}}.
Jc is a fagget
Living in the savannas and open grasslands, their diet consists of grass and leaves. The animal is sometimes known as '''Ankole''' or '''Watusi''', and is a breed of [[Sanga cattle]].
==Characteristics==
Ankoles are able to utilize poor quality [[forage]] and limited quantities of food and water. These survival abilities have allowed them as a breed to not only survive the centuries in Africa but to become established in Europe, South America, Australia, and North America.
[[File:LembuAnkole.jpg|thumb|Ankole-Watusi kept at National Zoo, [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Ankole-Watusi Orfeo2.JPG|thumb|Ankole-Watusi kept at [[Pombia Safari Park]], [[Italy]]]]
The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing {{convert|950|-|1200|lb|kg|-1}} and bulls weighing {{convert|1200|-|1600|lb|kg|-1}}. Newborn calves weigh just {{convert|30|-|50|lb|kg}} and remain small for several months. This low birth-weight makes Ankole-Watusi bulls useful for breeding to first-calf-heifers of other breeds.
During the day, the calves sleep together, with an "auntie" cow nearby for protection. At night, the herd-members sleep together, with the calves in the center of the group for protection. The horns of the adults serve as formidable weapons against any intruders.
==History==
Ancient rock paintings and depictions of Ankole-Watusi cows have been observed in the Sahara region and in the Egyptian arts and pyramid walls. There is a breed called the [[Sanga cattle|Sanga]] that spread to the [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], and other parts of eastern Africa, becoming the base stock of many of the indigenous African breeds.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}} The Sanga demonstrated most of the typical Zebu characteristics, such as pendulous [[dewlap]] and [[penile sheath|sheath]], upturned horns, and a neck hump of variable size. Modern descendants of the Sanga, however, vary greatly in size, conformation, and horns, due to differing selection pressures by different tribes.
Particularly remarkable are the cattle found in Uganda, [[Rwanda]], and [[Burundi]]. In Uganda, the [[Nkole]] tribe's Sanga variety is known as the Ankole. In Rwanda and Burundi, the [[Tutsi]] tribe's Sanga variety is called the Watusi. The Rwanda common strain of Watusi is called Inkuku. The giant-horned strain, owned by the Tutsi kings and chiefs, is called the ''Inyambo'', though some current tribal reports claim that this type is now extinct. Traditionally, Ankole-Watusi were considered sacred. They supplied milk to the owners, but were only rarely used for meat production, since an owner's wealth was counted in live animals.
Under traditional management for milk production, the Ankole cow is grazed all day, then brought home to her young calf. The calf is allowed to suckle briefly to stimulate milk letdown, then the cow is milked. The calf suckles further after hand-milking has finished and then is separated from its mother again. The process is repeated in the morning. This minimal nourishment of calves results in high death rates in the young. Milk production is not high, with a typical cow producing only 2 pints of milk daily for humans, although an exceptional one can manage up to 8 pints. In addition, the lactation period is short. Over the last 10 years, the national government{{Which|date=April 2010}} has attempted to select for animals which produce more milk and have better meat production. Famine and disease, as well as the conflict with traditional practices, have slowed this effort.
Ankole-Watusi have played a pivotal role in the lives of various African tribes – [[Tutsi]], [[Ankole]], [[Hima people|Bahima]], [[Bashi]], [[Bakiga]], and the [[Kivu]] – although the Tutsi are most often associated with the breed. The cattle provided food, currency, and tribal status. In Rwanda, where the Tutsi ruled, Watusi were known as ''Insanga'', "the ones which were found" and ''Inyambo'', "the cows with long, long horns". Those with the largest and longest horns belonged to the king and were considered sacred, with some individuals having horns that measure {{Convert|12|ft}} from tip to tip. The breed is often referred to as the "Cattle of Kings".
Watusi first arrived in America in the 1960s when Walter Schultz imported two bulls from Scandinavia and a female from Europe. Thanks to the efforts of private breeders, zoos, and associations, this animal is no longer endangered. However, in his book 'Uganda: the land and its people' (ISBN 978-9987-9308-9-0), Mr. Godfrey Mwakikagile states that the breed's pure genetics are under heavy stress through cross-breeding with Holsteins insofar that the breed may disappear altogether locally. This was caused by the introduction of the highly milk-productive Holstein breed by the Heifer International program. These Holsteins need medical support and are prone to disease. The indigenous Ankole breed is fully adapted to the region's climatical conditions, their horns -often seen as ornaments- actually disperse heat.They are much more able to cope with adverse local conditions such as drought, while the Holsteins are consuming unsustainable amounts of dwindling resources.{{Clarify|date=June 2011|Reason=Endangered in the US, in America generally, or globally? Surely not endangered in Africa? If only US or America, would read better as "rare", not "endangered".}}
==Record==
Two Ankole-Watusi individuals are in the [[Guinness World Records]] for the largest horn circumferences for a bull and steer, respectively. The bull, named CT Woodie, had horns which measured {{Convert|40.75|in|cm}} around on September 20, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-horn-circumference-bull/|title=Largest horn circumference – bull|work=Guinness World Records| accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> The steer, named Lurch, had horns measuring {{Convert|37.5|in|cm}} around on May 6, 2003; he died on May 22, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/size/largest-horn-circumference-steer|title=Largest horn circumference - steer|work=Guinness World Records| accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Watusi cattle}}
*[http://www.awir.org/ Ankole Watusi International Registry]
*[http://www.watusicattle.com/ World Watusi Association]
*{{citation | last = Rice | first = Andrew | title = A Dying Breed | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date = January 27, 2008 | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/magazine/27cow-t.html}}
*[http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/artiodactyla/ankole.htm Animal Bytes]
*[http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/worlds-largest-horns.html Lurch, the bull with the largest horns in the world | Oddity Central – Collecting Oddities]
*[http://www.todaysthv.com/news/story.aspx?storyid=105247 Lurch, the steer with the largest horns in the world, dies] retrieved 20130127
[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
[[File:Watusi Thoiry 1982.jpg|thumb|Ankole-Watusi at the [[Château of Thoiry]], [[France]]]]
The '''Ankole-Watusi''', also known as '''Ankole longhorn''',<ref>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/ankole/ Ankole], Breeds of Livestock</ref> is a [[breed]] of [[cattle]] originally native to [[Africa]]. Its large, distinctive [[Horn (anatomy)|horns]], that can reach up to {{Convert|8|ft|1}} from tip to tip, are used for defense and cooling by blood vesseled honeycombs.<ref>http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/07/food-ark/cattle-breeds#/4</ref> Ankole-Watusis weigh from {{Convert|900|to|1600|lb|-1}}.
-Living in the savannas and open grasslands, their diet consists of grass and leaves. The animal is sometimes known as '''Ankole''' or '''Watusi''', and is a breed of [[Sanga cattle]].
+ Jc is a fagget
+ Living in the savannas and open grasslands, their diet consists of grass and leaves. The animal is sometimes known as '''Ankole''' or '''Watusi''', and is a breed of [[Sanga cattle]].
==Characteristics==
Ankoles are able to utilize poor quality [[forage]] and limited quantities of food and water. These survival abilities have allowed them as a breed to not only survive the centuries in Africa but to become established in Europe, South America, Australia, and North America.
' |