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'{{about|a rumored transit system|the credit reporting data specification|Metro 2 format}} {{Expand Russian|Метро-2|date=December 2009}} [[File:mapmetro2.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the Metro-2 system as supposed by the United States military intelligence.]] '''Metro-2''' ({{Lang-ru|Метро-2}}) is the informal name for a purported secret underground [[rapid transit|metro]] system which parallels the public [[Moscow Metro]]. The system was supposedly built, or at least started, during the time of [[Joseph Stalin]] and was [[codename]]d '''D-6''' (Д-6) by the [[KGB]]. It is supposedly still operated by the [[Main Directorate of Special Programmes of the President of the Russian Federation|Main Directorate of Special Programmes]] <small>([[:ru:Главное управление специальных программ Президента Российской Федерации|ru]])</small> and [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>http://www.moscowpass.ru/dir_eng/3006200303429/</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/gusp/ |title=Главное управление спецпрограмм Президента |publisher=Agentura.ru |date=2000-03-23 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gusp.gov.ru |title=Главное управление специальных программ Президента Российской Федерации |publisher=Gusp.gov.ru |date=2000-03-23 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> The length of Metro-2 is rumored to exceed that of the public Metro. It is said to have four lines, and to lie 50 to 200m deep. It is said to connect the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] with the [[FSB (Russia)|Federal Security Service]] (FSB) headquarters, the government airport at [[Vnukovo Airport|Vnukovo-2]], and an underground town at [[Ramenki District|Ramenki]], in addition to other locations of national importance. In 1994, the leader of an [[urban exploration]] group, the Diggers of the Underground Planet, claimed to have found an entrance to this underground system.<ref>{{cite book |title= Strange Telescopes |authorlink= Daniel Kalder |last= Kalder |first= Daniel |year= 2008 |publisher= Faber and Faber |isbn= 978-0-571-23123-2}}</ref> The Metro-2 rumors have been dismissed by one source as "a parody excursion by public transport into the murky world of 'intelligence'".<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|author=transitcabal |url=http://transitcabal.blogspot.com/2004_09_01_transitcabal_archive.html |title=The Secret Worldwide Transit Cabal |publisher=Transitcabal.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref> This source describes virtually all available information as "speculative, unsupported by documentation such as photographs. There are narratives told by people who said they helped build Metro-2, and urban spelunkers claim to have 'seen' Metro-2, but there are no explicit 'firsthand' accounts."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Metro-2 should stay unknown it is a easy way for russia to transport nuclear weapons and people do not need to think about this until the day comes. ==Confirmed information== Russian journalists have reported that the existence of Metro-2 is neither confirmed nor denied by the FSB or the [[Moscow Metro]] administration. However, listed below is evidence for the Metro-2's existence. ===Report from the U.S. Department of Defense=== In 1991, the [[United States Department of Defense]] published a report entitled ''Military forces in transition'', which devoted several pages to a secret government underground in Moscow. It also included a diagram of the system superimposed on a map of the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Military forces in transition|last=United States Department of Defense|authorlink=United States Department of Defense|year=1991|publisher=United States Department of Defense|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-16-035973-2|issn=1062-6557|page=40|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=dUf2TeqhB5HA8QOino2WBw&ct=result&id=UH7NSFIMgnkC&dq=military+forces+in+transition&q=underground#search_anchor|accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref> <blockquote> "The Soviets have constructed deep-underground both in urban Moscow and outside the city. These facilities are interconnected by a network of deep interconnected subway lines that provide a quick and secure means of evacuation for the leadership. The leadership can move from their peacetime offices through concealed entryways in protective quarters beneath the city. There are important deep-underground command posts in the Moscow area, one located at the Kremlin. Soviet press has noted the presence of an enormous underground leadership bunker adjacent to Moscow State University. These facilities are intended for the national command authority in wartime. They are estimated to be between {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}} and {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} deep, and can accommodate an estimated 10,000 people. A special subway line runs from some points in Moscow and possibly to the VIP terminal at Vnukovo Airfield(...)" —Military forces in transition, 1991, p. 40 </blockquote> ===Information from officials=== ====Igor Malashenko==== In 1992, in an interview with ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', Deputy Director Broadcaster [[Igor Malashenko]] <small>([[:ru:Малашенко, Игорь Евгеньевич|ru]])</small> spoke about the existence of Sofrino-2, about {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} to the north-east of Moscow's television broadcasting centers, built at great depths in case of nuclear war. According to Malashenko, the equipment was unusable due to age. He went on to say that the same fate befell many of the underground bomb shelters, and in particular a system of underground bunkers beneath the building of [[Moscow State University]], which he said were flooded and had deteriorated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carney |first=James |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976207,00.html |title=Moscow's Secret Plans |publisher=TIME |date=1992-08-10 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> ====Vladimir Shevchenko==== In 2004, former advisor of [[President of the Soviet Union|Soviet president]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], former [[President of Russia|Russian president]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and then president [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Vladimir Shevchenko]] <small>([[:ru:Шевченко, Владимир Николаевич|ru]])</small>, actually confirmed the existence of a secret in the Moscow Metro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1230/16_01?print |title=Подземные города: В бункерах Саддама есть пятиэтажные дома, в подземельях Ким Чен Ира плещутся осетры, а от здания ФСБ есть подземная дорога в Большой театр. (Underground cities: five-storie buildings stand inside Saddam's bunkers, sturgeons swim in Kim Jong-il's underground facilities, and an underground road runs from the FSB building to the Bolshoy Theater)|work=Аргументы и факты|issue=21 (1230)|publisher=Gazeta.aif.ru |date=2004-05-26 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> <blockquote> "Reports on the number of underground communications are greatly exaggerated. In the days of Stalin, who was very afraid of assassination attempts, there was in fact a single-track underground railway line running from the Kremlin to his so-called "Nearby [[Dacha]]" in Volynskoye. Today, neither the Dacha nor the subway line are in use. In addition, there were underground transport links between the General Staff and several other government facilities. In 1991 a [[pneumatic tube|pneumatic mail tube]] was constructed between the [[CPSU Central Committee]] building in Moscow's [[Staraya Square|Old Square]] and the Kremlin." <!-- СВЕДЕНИЯ о числе подземных коммуникаций сильно преувеличены. При Сталине, который очень боялся покушений на свою жизнь, в самом деле работала одноколейная ветка подземного метро от Кремля до так называемой ближней дачи в Волынском. Сегодня ни дачей, ни веткой метро не пользуются. Кроме того, существовали подземные транспортные коммуникации между Генеральным штабом и несколькими другими правительственными объектами. В 1991 году была построена подземная пневмопочта между Старой площадью, где размещался ЦК КПСС, и Кремлем. --> </blockquote> In 2008, Shevchenko once again touched upon the Metro-2.<ref name="Shevchenko">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/23mar2007/metro.html |title=Новости NEWSru.com :: Правительство Москвы может открыть доступ в секретное сталинское метро |publisher=Newsru.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> <blockquote> "Currently, the Kremlin subway cannot be called a transportation artery, and, as far as I know, for its continued operation it required major repairs: for among other things there are a lot of underground utilities which will eventually decay." </blockquote> ====Mikhail Poltoranin==== In 2008, [[Mikhail Poltoranin]] <small>([[:ru:Полторанин, Михаил Никифорович|ru]])</small>, a minister under Boris Yeltsin in the early 1990s, explained<ref name="Shevchenko" /> <blockquote> "This is an extensive network of tunnels and an emergency command center in case of war, where you can command the nuclear forces of the country. It can hide a lot of people - its maintenance was necessary. I know that the "Metro-2" has branches that go to the suburbs so that the command could move away from the epicenter of a nuclear attack." </blockquote> ====Dmitry Gayev==== When ex-chief of the Moscow Metro [[Dmitry Gayev]] was questioned on the existence of the Metro-2, he responded <blockquote> "I would be surprised if it did not exist." </blockquote> In the same year, in an interview with ''[[Izvestia]]'', he said<ref name="Gonik" /> <blockquote> "There is a lot of talk about the existence of secret transport tunnels. I will not deny anything. I would be surprised if they did not exist. You ask: Can we use them to transport passengers? It is not for me to decide, but for those organizations who own the railways. I do not exclude such a possibility." </blockquote> ====Svetlana Razina==== In 2008, in an interview in ''[[Argumenty i Fakty]]'', the head of the Moscow Metro independent trade union, Svetlana Razin admitted<ref>{{cite web|author=Представьтесь, пожалуйста |url=http://aif.ru/realty/article/21871 |title=Секретное метро. Спецлинии и сегодня продолжают строить &#124; недвижимость - Деньги - Аргументы и Факты |publisher=Aif.ru |date=2008-10-16 |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> <blockquote> "Several years ago, among the drivers of the Izmailovo depot there was a recruiting for a service on secret routes, and although there were many willing, they were to select only one. Entering the midst of these tunnels is only for people with special clearance. Most often, these branches used very short trains, consisting of battery-electric locomotive and one passenger car." </blockquote> ====ITAR-TASS==== As stated in a report of ITAR-TASS in 2007:<ref>[http://www.prime-tass.ru/news/show.asp?id=1616&ct=articles ]{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref> <blockquote> "Line of the Metro-2 has long been in the KGB office, and subsequently came under the wing of the FSB." </blockquote> ====Alexander Muzykantskiy==== Former head of Moscow's central administrative district and onetime information minister Alexander Muzykantskiy stated{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} <blockquote> "Its underground transport communications connecting the Kremlin with the command posts, which are designed to ensure the stable operation of the senior military and political leadership in times of armed conflict, including a nuclear conflict. This is a gigantic system. It was built for 40 years. It cost a huge amount of money. For 91 years, the very existence of this system was the highest state secret." </blockquote> ===Information from defectors=== ====Oleg Gordievsky==== [[Oleg Gordievsky]], a former colonel of the KGB who worked for the [[Secret Intelligence Service|British Secret Intelligence Service]] (MI6) for 11 years and defected in 1985, in an interview with ''Argumenty i Fakty'' called ''The supreme secret of the KGB, which has not been disclosed until now'' stated<ref>''Argumenty i Fakty'' Issue number 30 (1083) on July 25, 2001</ref> <blockquote> "You still do not know the main KGB secret yet: a huge underground city, a whole communications network of such facilities. But they will not show you; they will never, of course." </blockquote> ===Declassified facilities=== [[File:Cold War Museum, Moscow, model.JPG|thumb|Model of the underground facility RFQ "Tagan".]] ====Museum of the Cold War==== In 2006, the [[Museum of the Cold War]] <small>([[:ru:Музей холодной войны|ru]])</small> was opened to the public, located in the old [[Tagansky Protected Command Point]] at a depth of {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} Initially it was a defence bunker (GO-42 or RFQ "Tagan"), yet its depth is significantly higher than that purported of the Metro-2 lines, and so it could not have been part of the Metro-2 system.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} =="Underground City" in Ramenki== In south-west Moscow, near the [[Ramenki District]], there is a vacant lot to the south-west of the main building of [[Moscow State University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rulife.ru/mode/article/903/ |title=Сидя на красивом холме — Русская жизнь |publisher=Rulife.ru |date= |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> A complex of buildings of the research base of Association "Science" (NEBO "Nauka") built to a depths between {{convert|180|m|abbr=on}} and 200m is the largest underground bunker in Moscow. According to the same source, it is connected with other secret underground facilities, and appears to be able to house up to 15,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irn.ru/articles/2751.html |title=Подземный город Раменки |publisher=Irn.ru |date= |accessdate=2011-09-14}}</ref> A complex of surface buildings was built by architect Eugene Rozanov in 1975 by orders of Glavspetsstroy. One of the first times the facility was mentioned was in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' in 1992. Its article refers to a journalist named "KGB officer", who claims he took part in the construction of a large underground facility in Ramenki, whereby construction began in mid-1960s and was complete by mid-1970. The facility was named by the journalist as the "Underground City", which was supposedly intended to give refuge to 15,000 people for 30 years in the event of a nuclear attack on Moscow.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} In the media, the "Underground City" is often referred to as "Ramenki-43", due to that being the address of one of the supposed entrances to the facility. Ostensibly, the address is home to Militarized Rescue Squad 21 and the 1st Paramilitary Rescue Squad. ==Lines of Metro-2== ===D6 Line=== The only line that was explored and even photographed by enthusiasts, this line definitely exists. Stations are named, unofficially, after their obvious properties. {| {{Railway line header}} {{BS-header|D6 Line}} {{BS-table}} {{BS5||||ENDEa|}} {{BS5||||ABZlf|STRlg|}} {{BS5||||STR|STR|}} {{BS5||||ABZrg|STRrf|}} {{BS5|||uBHF|BHF|||Arbatskaya-3||link3=Arbatskaya (Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line)|O3=HUB84|O4=HUB82}} {{BS5||||STR|}} {{BS5||||BHF|||Chertole}} {{BS5||||STR|}} {{BS5||||STR|}} {{BS5|||BHF red|BHF|||Frunzenskaya-2||link3=Frunzenskaya (Moscow Metro)|O3=HUB84|O4=HUB82}} {{BS5||||STR||}} {{BS5|||CONTr|ABZlg|||<small>''Connection to [[Moscow Metro|Metro-1]] ([[Sokolnicheskaya Line]])''</small>}} {{BS5||||STR||}} {{BS5|||STRrg|ABZrf|||}} {{BS5|||STR|BHF|||Universitet-2}} {{BS5|||STR|CONTf||||''NEBO "Nauka"''}} {{BS3||BHF|||Nauchnaya}} {{BS3|STRrg|ABZrf||}} {{BS3|BHF|STR|||Stromnaya}} {{BS3|KBHFe|STR|||Ramenki}} {{BS3||STR|}} {{BS|BHF||Dlinnaya}} {{BS3||STR||}} {{BS3||STR||}} {{BS3|STRrg|ABZrf||}} {{BS3|STR|BHF|||Vostryakovo}} {{BS3|STR|STR|}} {{BS3|STR|BHF|||Vostryakovo}} {{BS3|ENDEe|ENDEe|}} |} |} ===Vnukovo airport line=== Built for government [[emergency evacuation]]. [[Vnukovo airport]], when originally built, was an airport used only for military purposes, although now it has civilian commercial services as well. ===Ismaylovo line=== Built for [[Strategic Rocket Forces|Strategic Rocket forces]]. Claimed to be at least partially destroyed in the 1970s.<ref>http://www.metro.ru/metro2/</ref> ==References== *{{cite journal | author = [[US Department of Defense]] | year = 1991 | title = Military forces in transition | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | doi = |issn=1062-6557 | url = http://www.palal.net/metro2/ | format = | accessdate = }} <!-- additional biographical info for this source Published in Washington, D.C. : Dept. of Defense : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1991- v., ill. (some col.); 28 cm. + map 1991- FREQUENCY: Annual SUPT OF DOCS #: D 1.74: OTHER SYSTEM #: (OCoLC)25013229 CARD NUMBER: sn91-23807 --> {{Reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.metro.ru/metro2/ A thorough site on the subject] {{ru icon}} * [http://metro.molot.ru/fact_metro2.shtml Detailed analysis of the system] {{ru icon}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/russia/1997/fbuma04301997000507.htm GlobalSecurity.org article] {{en icon}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4648569.stm BBC News article] {{en icon}} * [http://s56.radikal.ru/i152/0905/f0/49e42ebbc125.jpg Detailed map of the famous part of the system (D6 system, OAO "TransInzhStroy" system, and not very famous "SovMin system") by NIO "Azimut"] * A [http://www.metro.ru/metro2/secret_map/ supposed map] of the system {{ru icon}} * [http://transitcabal.blogspot.com/2004_09_01_transitcabal_archive.html Moscow's "Metro-2": The Ultimate "Secret Subway"], [http://www.transitcabal.blogspot.com The World’s Ultimate Secret Subway Network! Moscow Metro-2!! Detailed Line Descriptions!!!], [http://transitcabal.blogspot.com/2004_10_01_transitcabal_archive.html Moscow's Metro-2: Fact or Fantasy?] commentary about various aspects of Metro-2 lore, sometimes smug, sometimes satirical but readable. {{en icon}} {{coord|55|41|17|N|37|30|48|E|source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}} [[Category:Moscow Metro]] [[Category:Military installations of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Rapid transit in Russia]] [[Category:Secret places]]'