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'An '''ENGO''' ('''environmental non-governmental organization''') is a [[non-governmental organization]] (NGO) in the field of [[environmentalism]]. Examples of ENGOs include the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]], [[Greenpeace]], [[Conservation International]], [[The Nature Conservancy]] and the [[Environmental Investigation Agency]]. ==Goals== The goals of environmental NGOs include but are not limited to: creating relationships with the government and other organizations, offering training and assistance in agricultural [[Soil conservation|conservation]] to maximize the use of local resources, establishing environmental solutions, and managing projects implemented to address issues affecting a particular area.<ref name="Keese">{{cite journal | title=International NGOs and Land Use Change in Southern Highland Region of Ecuador | author=Keese, James R. | journal=[[Human Ecology (journal)|Human Ecology]] | year=1998 | volume=26 | pages=451-468 | doi=10.1023/A:1018708300053}}</ref> Environmental NGOs are organizations that are not run by federal or state governments but rather have funds issued to them by governments, private donors, [[corporations]], and other institutions.<ref name="chasek">[[Pamela Chasek]], ed. 2000 ''The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century: Prospects for International Cooperation''. [[United Nations University]]</ref> In order to fully understand the social, [[economic]], and environmental effects an organization can have on a region, it is important to note that the organization can act outside the formal processes that state governments and other government institutions must comply with. ==Funding== The funds issued by various parties inevitably influence the way their efforts will be put out, the different kinds of environmental policy-making, and the activities pursued to challenge and put pressure on the states to cooperate in environmental protection.<ref name="chasek"/> It is clear that private and non-private [[funding]] influences and affects the way environmental [[NGOs]] view and report environmental conditions. ==Approaches== The concept of what is [[Local community|local]] is crucial to the kinds of efforts and [[Goal|objectives]] environmental NGOs will carry out.<ref name="fisher">{{cite journal | title=Fisher, W. 1997 Doing Good? The Politics and Antipolitics of NGO Practices | author=Fisher, William F. | journal=[[Annual Review of Anthropology]] | year=1997 | volume=26 | pages=439-464 | doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.439}}</ref> This aim will aid how environmental NGOs will “facilitate, fund, promote, and provide planning and organizational assistance to so called grass roots organizations".<ref name="fisher"/> Their efforts come in many forms such as: launching campaigns against [[nuclear weapons]] testing, protesting whale hunting, and "international campaigns against the degradation of environmental goods caused by practices like "clearing of timber, and criticize states for their ineffective policies or transnational corporations for environmentally damaging production".<ref name="chasek"/> With political backup, environmental NGOs receive considerable amounts of assets and [[resources]] through [[government]] sponsors such as the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) and the [[Commission on Sustainable Development]] (CSD) among many others, who supersede environmental policies. ===African biodiversity=== Environmental NGOs have become increasingly aware of the loss of [[biodiversity]] in [[Africa]] and operate on conserving wild and domesticated animals and plants. By the 1980s, most of [[Zimbabwe]]'s best land had been taken control of by European settlers which have been divided into categories of "(1) large-scale commercial farm land. (2) resettlement areas, (3) communal lands, (4) national parks and safari areas, (5) forest lands, and (6) urban land" which (with the exception of communal land) is owned and operated by the state.<ref name="Parks and Peoples">{{cite journal | url=http://danbrockingtoncv.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/annurev-anthro-35-2006.pdf | title=Parks and Peoples: The Social Impact of Protected Areas | author=Paige West, James Igoe, and Dan Brockington | journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |date=October 2006 | volume=35 | pages=251-77 | doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123308}}</ref> Environmental problems are defined as: <blockquote> "a change in the physical environment brought about by human interferences which are perceived by people to be unacceptable with respect to a particular set of commonly shared norms".<ref>Potter, David, ed. 1996 ''NGOs and Environmental Policies: Asia and Africa''. Oregon: [[Frank Cass]].</ref> </blockquote> == See also == * [[List of environmental organizations]] * [[Conservation refugee]] == References == <references/> [[Category:Non-governmental organizations|environmental]] [[Category:Environmentalism]]'