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'{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} {{Infobox settlement |settlement_type = Town |name = Mallow |native_name = {{Pad top italic|Magh Ealla}} |image_skyline = Mallowtown.jpg |image_caption = Main street of Mallow, featuring the clocktower and the junction of Spa and Bridge streets |motto = ''Per Ignem et Aquam'' |pushpin_map = Ireland |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE |latd = 52.131 |longd = -8.6415 |blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference |blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|W549982}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ireland |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Munster]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Ireland|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[County Cork|Cork]] |unit_pref = Metric |elevation_m = 74 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 11605 |population_urban = 8578 |population_blank1_title = Environs |population_blank1 = 3027 |population_footnotes =<ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 14 May 2011}}</ref> |website = {{URL|www.mallow.ie}} }} {{Historical populations |1821|4114 |1831|5229 |1841|6851 |1851|5439 |1861|4841 |1871|4165 |1881|4439 |1891|4366 |1901|4542 |1911|4452 |1926|4562 |1936|4948 |1946|5215 |1951|5583 |1956|5729 |1961|5649 |1966|5845 |1971|6506 |1981|7482 |1986|7685 |1991|7521 |1996|7768 |2002|8937 |2006|10241 |2011|11605 | footnote=<ref>[http://www.cso.ie/census Census for post 1821 figures.]</ref><ref>http://www.histpop.org</ref><ref>http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Lee|first=JJ| authorlink =John Joseph Lee|editor-last=Goldstrom|editor-first=J. M.|editor2-last=Clarkson | editor2-first=L. A.|title=Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell | year=1981|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, England | chapter=On the accuracy of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Pre-famine]] Irish censuses}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Mokyr | first = Joel | author-link = Joel Mokyr | last2 = O Grada | first2 = Cormac | author2-link = Cormac Ó Gráda | title = New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850 | journal = The Economic History Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 473–488 |date=November 1984 | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x }}</ref> }} '''Mallow''' ({{Irish place name|Mala}})<ref name=logainm>[http://www.logainm.ie/1414050.aspx Placenames Database of Ireland]</ref> is a town in [[County Cork]], Ireland, about thirty-five kilometres north of [[Cork (city)|Cork]]. Mallow is in the [[Fermoy (barony)|barony of Fermoy]]. It is the administrative centre of north County Cork and has been nicknamed the "Crossroads of [[Munster]]". The Northern Divisional Offices of Cork County Council are located in the town. ==Name in Irish== The earliest form of the name is ''Magh nAla'', meaning "plain of the stone".<ref name=logainm/> In the [[anglicisation]] "Mallow", ''-ow'' originally represented a [[Vowel reduction|reduc]]ed [[schwa]] sound, which is now however pronounced as a full vowel {{IPAc-en|oʊ}}.<ref> {{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland / Gasaitéar na hÉireann |publisher=[[Government of Ireland]] |isbn=0-7076-0076-6 }} </ref> In 1975, ''Mala''—a shortening of ''Magh nAla''—was among the first Irish placenames adopted by [[statutory instrument|statute]],<ref> {{cite web |title=I.R. Uimh. 133/1975 – An tOrdú Logainmneacha (Foirmeacha Gaeilge) (Uimh. 1) (Postbhailte) 1975. |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1975/ga/si/0133.html |language=Irish |date=22 July 1975 |accessdate=27 January 2008 |publisher=[[Government of Ireland]] |quote=Mallow (33) Mala ([[Irish declension#Genitive|g.]] Mhala)}} </ref> on the advice of the Placenames branch of the [[Ordnance Survey of Ireland]].<ref> {{cite web |title=Placenames Orders |url=http://www.pobail.ie/en/IrishLanguage/ThePlacenamesBranch/PlacenamesOrders/ |accessdate=27 January 2008 |publisher=[[Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs]] }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |title=The Placenames Commission |url=http://www.logainm.ie/English/history.asp |accessdate=27 January 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070924124141/http://www.logainm.ie/English/history.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 24 September 2007}} </ref> In the ''[[Annals of the Four Masters]]'', compiled in the 1630s, ''Magh nAla'' is misrepresented as ''Magh Eala'', the [[County Donegal|Donegal]]-based authors being insufficiently familiar with [[County Cork|Cork]] places.<ref name="ucc-prof"> {{cite news |title=Marshmallows |work=[[The Irish Times]] |first=Roibeárd |last=Ó hÚrdail |date=1 March 1996 |page=15 }} </ref> [[Patrick Weston Joyce|P.W. Joyce]] in 1869 surmised that in ''Magh Eala'' {{sic}}, ''Ealla'' referred to the river Blackwater, and connected the name to the nearby [[baronies of Ireland|barony]] of [[Duhallow]].<ref name="ucc-prof"/> Professor [[T. F. O'Rahilly]] in 1938 interpreted ''Magh Eala'' as "plain of the swans".<ref name="ucc-prof"/> This [[false etymology]] remains widely cited and has caused resentment of the official ''Mala'' as being a gratuitous simplification of ''Magh Eala''.<ref name="ucc-prof"/> However, the name ''Mala'' has been used in Irish for more than 300 years.<ref name=logainm/> ==History== Evidence of pre-historic settlement is found in [[Beenalaght]] (13.6&nbsp;km/8.5 miles south-west of Mallow), where an [[Stone row|alignment]] of six [[standing stones]] lie on a hill to the west of the Mallow-[[Coachford]] Road.<ref>{{cite book | last=Weir, A| year=1980 |title=Early Ireland. A Field Guide | publisher=Blackstaff Press | location=Belfast | page=113 | isbn=0-85640-212-5}}</ref> (grid ref: 485 873, Latitude: 52.035818N Longitude: 8.751181W<ref>{{cite web | title=Beenalaght | work= The Megalithic Portal | url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=1768 | accessdate=11 June 2008}}</ref>) During the [[Irish War of Independence]], the town was the HQ of the North Cork Militia – known as North Cork Rifles. The town's RIC barracks was the only one captured nationwide during the war. In retaliation, several main street premises were subsequently torched by the British Army. Mrs King, wife of Captain W H King, [[Royal Irish Constabulary|RIC]] was killed during an attack on her husband near Mallow Railway station. In retaliation, British military and [[Black and Tans]] killed three railway workers-Patrick Devitt, Daniel Mullane and Bennett. The killings prompted [[industrial action]] by the National Railworkers Union in Britain and Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Donoghue|first=Florence|title=No other law: the story of Liam Lynch and the Irish Republican Army, 1916–1923|year=1954|publisher=Irish Press|pages=132|url=http://books.google.ie/books?id=izdoAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Captain+King+was+accompanied+by+his+wife+and+in+the+exchange+of+fire%22&dq=%22Captain+King+was+accompanied+by+his+wife+and+in+the+exchange+of+fire%22&source=bl&ots=gca2_WRffL&sig=u0OjcO2R1nY2by3MwWkOjHQAR4s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=trhyULjSD9GRhQfJjoCgDA&sqi=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA}}</ref> ===Natural occurrence of radon gas=== Some of the highest naturally occurring readings of [[radon]] ever have been recorded in Mallow, prompting local fears regarding lung cancer.<ref>{{cite news | title= Record radon levels found at Mallow office| work=RTÉ News | url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/0920/radon.html | accessdate=17 July 2009 | date=20 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Ireland's Radon Gas Levels Dangerous | work=Radon Barrier Co Ltd | url=http://interplanleisuregroup.com/site/irelands-radon-levels-dangerous | accessdate=17 July 2009}} {{dead link|date=February 2013}}</ref> ==Demography== The urban area has a population of 7,864 (2006 census) and with improved road and rail since the mid-1980s, has developed significant student and worker commuter traffic with Cork city.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} ==Economy== Mallow developed as a defensive settlement protecting an important ford on the River Blackwater. Mallow developed in the late 16th century as a [[plantations of Ireland|plantation]] town. It has prospered throughout the centuries as a market town due to its rich agricultural hinterland.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} Irish states-men such as Thomas Davis and [[William O'Brien]] were both born in Mallow in the 19th century. The main street in Mallow is called Davis Street (although commonly referred to as Main Street), and joins with William O'Brien Street outside Mallow Town Hall. At the point where Davis Street meets O'Brien Street there is a monument to J.J. Fitzgerald, a little-known local politician who was instrumental in establishing both Mallow Urban District Council and Cork County Council. The town developed a significant industrial base in the early 20th century, based largely on its agricultural capability, with dairy produce and sugar beet supplying the Sugar Factory, Rowntree Macintosh, Bournes and Dairygold. Changes in the [[European Union]] sugar subsidy programme resulted in the closure of the Sugar Beet factory in mid-2006, after 75 years continual production. One of the last sugar beet plants to be closed in Ireland. The development of Market Square (which contains both residential and commercial units) in 2006 effectively relocated the town centre.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} ==Transport and communications== ===Road=== Mallow lies at the convergence of several important routes: National Primary Route 20 ([[N20 road|N20]]) north-south [[Roads in Ireland|road]] between [[Cork (city)|Cork]] (35&nbsp;km) and [[Limerick]] (70&nbsp;km), National Secondary Route 72 ([[N72 road (Ireland)|N72]]) east-west between [[Dungarvan]] (51.5&nbsp;km) and [[Killarney]] (41.5&nbsp;km), National Secondary Route 73 ([[N73 road (Ireland)|N73]]) northeast to [[Mitchelstown]] and the [[M8 motorway (Ireland)|M8 motorway]] (21&nbsp;km). [[File:Rth Mallow Town 02.10.12R edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|Mallow looking southwest from the railway station]] ===Bus=== Mallow is a stop on the [[Bus Eireann]] 51 bus service from [[Cork (city)|Cork]] to [[Galway]] and 243 bus service from [[Cork (city)|Cork]] to [[Newmarket, County Cork|Newmarket]] service. Mallow is also served by the [[Irish Citylink|Citylink]] Galway-Cork Airport service. ===Rail=== The Mallow railway [[viaduct]] which straddles the Blackwater, commonly known as the "Ten Arch Bridge", was bombed and destroyed during the [[Irish Civil War]]. It was rapidly rebuilt in girder form due to its importance in connecting the [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Tralee]] and [[Dublin]] lines. An additional line east through [[Fermoy]] and [[Lismore, County Waterford|Lismore]] to the [[Waterford]] South station closed in 1967. [[Mallow railway station]] was opened on 17 March 1849.<ref>{{cite web | title= Mallow station| work=Railscot – Irish Railways | url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf | accessdate=31 August 2007}}</ref> by the [[Great Southern and Western Railway]]. It is currently served by trains to via [[Limerick Junction]] to [[Dublin Heuston]], [[Cork railway station|Cork]] and [[Killarney railway station|Killarney]], [[Farranfore railway station|Farranfore]] and [[Tralee railway station|Tralee]]. Onward connecting trains link Mallow via [[Limerick Junction]] to [[Limerick railway station|Limerick]], [[Ennis railway station|Ennis]], [[Athenry railway station|Athenry]] and [[Galway railway station|Galway]] as well as [[Carrick-on-Suir railway station|Carrick-on-Suir]] and [[Waterford railway station|Waterford]]. ===Air=== The nearest airports are [[Cork Airport]] (42.5&nbsp;km), [[Kerry Airport]] (70&nbsp;km) and [[Shannon Airport]] (84&nbsp;km). Kerry Airport is easily accessed by train from [[Farranfore railway station]] whilst Shannon Airport requires a train via [[Limerick Junction]] to [[Limerick railway station]] for a connecting bus. There is also a [[flying club]] at nearby [[Rathcoole Aerodrome|Rathcoole]]. There is also a Helicopter Charter Company in nearby Dromahane. Mallow [[Racecourse]], now known as Cork Racecourse, became an emergency airfield on 18 April 1983, when a Mexican [[Gulfstream II]] business jet piloted by Captain Reuben Ocaña made a precautionary landing. A temporary [[tarmacadam]] runway of 910 m (3,000&nbsp;ft) in length which was paid for by the plane's insurers was laid to enable the aircraft to leave five weeks later, whereas in the meantime Captain Ocaña became a local celebrity. On 23 May 1983 just before the plane departed, the Captain said his farewell to the people of Ireland in the Irish language.<ref name=IFTN>{{cite web|last=Hegarty|first=Mandy|title=Interview: 'The Runway' Writer/Director Ian Power On His Debut Feature Film|url=http://iftn.ie/news/featureinterviews/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4283942&tpl=archnews|publisher=[[Irish Film and Television Network]]|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> The runway was subsequently utilised for parking during race meets and was a popular facility for learner driving. Light aircraft have occasionally landed at the racecourse on the grass area. The F3A World Model Aircraft Aerobatic Championship was held there in 2001. The 1983 incident formed the basis of the 2010 film [[The Runway (film)|The Runway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/reviews/article_1701333.php/The-Runway-?-Movie-Review|title=The Runway – Movie Review|last=Wilkinson|first=Ron|date=25 July 2012|publisher=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=4 August 2012}}</ref> ==Sport== Founded in 1882, Mallow Rugby Club<ref>[http://www.mallowrfc.com Official Mallow Rugby Website]</ref> is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the country and one of the predominant sporting clubs in the area. Former players include [[Munster Rugby|Munster]] Second Row [[Ian Nagle]], who played juvenile rugby for Mallow and [[Ulster Rugby|Ulster]] Prop Jerry Cronin, who played juvenile and Junior Rugby for the club. Dan "The Crusher" Lucey is a current player, renowned for his love of breaking the collarbones of underage players. Dan plays at lock or, when there is a shortage of players, fly-half. The general consensus is that Dan is a player for the future. The towns association football club, [[Mallow United F.C.|Mallow United Football Club]], was founded in 1926 and fields senior, junior, schoolboy, and schoolgirl football teams in the Munster Leagues.<ref>[http://www.mallowunited.com Official Mallow United FC Website]</ref> Mallow Golf Club, founded in 1947,<ref>[http://www.mallowgolfclub.net Mallow Golf Club]</ref> is located just outside Mallow and has 18 holes. The local racecourse, [[Cork Racecourse]], now renamed "Cork Racecourse at Mallow",<ref>[http://www.corkracecourse.ie Cork Racecourse At Mallow]</ref> plays host to large [[horse racing]] events. [[Mallow GAA]] is the town's [[Gaelic Athletic Association|GAA]] club. Mallow has a cinema as well as other community amenities such The Youth Centre as well a nearby swimming pool. It also has several gyms and a driving range situated a few kilometres from the town centre. The town also has several pubs and night clubs to cater to mainstream demographics. No facilities for original or independent art, music and culture exist as of this time. ==People== *Birthplace of [[Thomas Davis (Young Irelander)|Thomas Osborne Davis]] (1814–1845), nationalist, politician, author, poet and patriot. Author of the famous Irish rebel song "[[A Nation Once Again]]". *Birthplace of [[William O'Brien]] (1852–1928), nationalist, journalist, agrarian agitator, social revolutionary, politician, party leader, newspaper publisher and author. *Birthplace of [[John Francis Moriarty]] (1855–1915) [[Attorney General for Ireland]] and judge of the [[Irish Court of Appeal]]. *Birthplace of [[Sir Edward Sullivan, 1st Baronet]] (1822-1885), [[Lord Chancellor of Ireland]]. *Birthplace of [[Seán Sherlock]] ([[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] [[Teachta Dála|TD]]) for Cork East Constituency, elected to [[Dáil Éireann]] 2007 General Election. *[[Donovan]] (singer) *[[Stephen O'Flynn]], [[NIFL Premiership]] footballer currently with [[Institute F.C.]] *[[John Hogan (Missouri)|John Hogan]] (1805–1892) was a [[United States Representative]] from [[Missouri]] born in Mallow. *Ancestral home of US Congressman [[Tip O'Neill]] *[[Joe Lynch (actor)|Joe Lynch]] (Actor) *[[Elaine Crowley (presenter)|Elaine Crowley]], [[TV3 (Ireland)|TV3]] *[[Paul Kane]] (1810–1871) Canadian painter ==International relations== {{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland}} ===Twin towns – Sister cities=== Mallow is [[town twinning|twinned]] with the towns of *[[Tinley Park, Illinois|Tinley Park]] in the United States *[[Tréguier]] in France ==See also== * [[Metropolitan Cork]] * [[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|List of towns and villages in Ireland]] * [[Mallow (Parliament of Ireland constituency)]] * [[The Corkman]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Mallow}} * [http://www.mallow.ie Official website] * [http://www.mallowtown.com Mallow town community website] * [http://www.mallow365.com Mallow Town Online Guide] [[Category:Mallow, County Cork| ]] [[Category:Towns and villages in County Cork]]'