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'{{EngvarB|date=May 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = ''Rozvi'' |conventional_long_name = Rozvi Empire |common_name = rozvi |continent = Africa |region = South Africa |country = Zimbabwe |language = |status = Kingdom |government_type = Monarchy |year_start = 1660 |year_end = 1866 |event_start = Rozvi conquest of [[Kingdom of Butua|Butua]] |date_start = |event_end = Ndebele conquest of Rozvi |date_end = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event_pre = |date_pre = |event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---> |date_post = |<!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---> |p1 = Kingdom of Butua |flag_p1 = |s1 = Mthwakazi |flag_s1 = |image_flag = <!--- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg ---> |flag = <!--- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} ---> |flag_type = <!--- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" ---> |image_coat = <!--- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg ---> |symbol = <!--- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} ---> |symbol_type = <!--- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" ---> |image_map = |image_map_caption = |capital = Danamombe |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = [[ikalanga|Kalanga-Rozwi]] |religion = Belief in [[Mwari]] |currency = |<!--- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies ---> |leader1 = Changamire Dombo(first) |leader2 = Changamire Tohwechipi (last) |year_leader1 = c. 1660 – c. 1695 |year_leader2 = 1831–1866 |title_leader = Changamire |legislature = |<!--- Area and population of a given year ---> |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |footnotes = }} The '''Rozvi Empire''' (1684–1834) was established on the [[Zimbabwe]]an Plateau by [[Changamire Dombo]]. ==History== In 1693, Portuguese militia tried to take control of the gold trade in the interior of Africa by invading the Rozvi empire. The Rozwi were able to successfully defeat these attacks and maintain their control of the gold mines until their empire collapsed. The Rozvi were led by [[Changamire Dombo]],<ref>Isichei, Elizabeth Allo, ''A History of African Societies to 1870'' Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0521455992 page 435</ref> whose power was based in [[Kingdom of Butua|Butua]] in the southwest of Africa. The Rozwi were formed from several Shona states that dominated the plateau of present-day [[Zimbabwe]] at the time. They drove the Portuguese off the central plateau, and the Europeans retained only a nominal presence at one of the fairs in the eastern highlands. Changamire brought the whole of present-day Zimbabwe under his control, forming a polity that became known as the Rozwi Empire. This fierce tribe of warriors was to be known as the Rozvi or baLozwi people.<ref name="brit1">{{cite news |url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064305/Rozwi|title= Rozwi |work= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate= 2007-05-09}}</ref> They established their capital at [[Danamombe]], also known as [[Dhlo-Dhlo]] (the [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] name). Many sources see the Rozvi not as a recovering segment of the Mutapa people, but in fact a people in its own right emerging under the wing of the Mutapa (compare the rise of the [[Khumalo clan|Khumalo]] from under the [[Zulu people|Zulu]] nation). The administrative power of the Mutapa began to fall to control the whole empire, and tributaries began to exert more independence. {{citation needed|date=August 2012}} A leader of the people of guruuswa, given the title Changamire and known as Dombo, became independent from the Mutapa. When the Portuguese tried to colonise, Changamire Dombo led rebellions against their rule. The area of the Rozwi empire fluctuated. Its influence extended over much of present-day Zimbabwe, westward into Botswana, and southward into northeastern South Africa.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Many tales identify Dombo ('Rock') as Chikura Wayembeu. Modern scholars agree that this was a confusion with another leader of a different people.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ==Technology and economy== The Rozwi chiefs revived the tradition of building in stone and constructed impressive cities throughout the southwest. Polychrome pottery was also emblematic of its culture.<ref name="brit1"/> The economic power of the Rozwi Empire was based on cattle wealth and farming, with significant gold mining. They established trade with [[Arabs|Arab]] traders, in which materials such as gold, copper, and ivory were exchanged for luxury goods. {{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Records from the Portuguese have shown that the Rozwi were expert military strategists. They were noted as using the [[cow-horn formation]] years before the great Zulu leader [[Shaka]] did in the 19th century. With spears, bows, and arrows, the aggressive Rozwi took over the plateau.<ref name="brit1"/> ==See also== *[[Dhlo-Dhlo]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{History of Zimbabwe}} [[Category:History of Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]] [[Category:Former empires of Africa]] [[Category:17th century in Africa]] [[Category:18th century in Africa]] [[Category:19th century in Africa]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1684]] [[Category:1834 disestablishments]]'