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'{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} [[File:George Cadbury1917.jpg|thumb|George Cadbury, aged 78]] [[File:George Cadbury bust.jpg|right|thumb|Bronze bust at Friends meeting house, Bournville]] '''George Cadbury''' (19 September 1839 – 24 October 1922) was the third son of [[John Cadbury]], a [[Quaker]] who founded [[Cadbury Schweppes#Cadbury's|Cadbury's]] cocoa and chocolate company. ==Background== While he was young he always wanted to change the world, he executed this idea when he was older by creating chocolate for the world. He worked at the school for adults on Sundays for no pay, despite only going to school himself until he was sixteen. Together with his brother [[Richard Cadbury|Richard]] he took over the family business in 1861. In 1878 they acquired 14 acres (57,000 m²) of land in open country, four miles (6&nbsp;km) south of [[Birmingham]], where they opened a new factory in 1879. He rented '[[Woodbrooke]]' - a Georgian style mansion built by [[Josiah Mason]], which he eventually bought in 1881. In the early 20th century, he and [[John Wilhelm Rowntree]] established a Quaker study centre in the building,<ref>{{cite book | title=British Quakerism, 1860–1920: the transformation of a religious community | author=Thomas C. Kennedy | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2001 | isbn=0-19-827035-6 | pages=177–178 }}</ref> and it remains the only such centre in Europe today, offering short educational courses on spiritual and social matters to Quakers and others. He also created a hospital in Normandy called "l'hopital de Normandy". The Cadbury brothers were concerned with the quality of life of their employees and provided an alternative to grimy city life. As more land was acquired and the brothers moved the factory to a new country location, they decided to build a [[factory town]] (designed by architect [[William Alexander Harvey]]), which was not exclusive to the employees of the factory. This village became known as [[Bournville]] after the nearby river and French word for "town". The houses were never privately owned, and their value stayed low and affordable. Bournville was a marked change from the poor living conditions of the urban environment. Here, families had houses with yards, gardens, and fresh air. To the present, the town offers affordable housing. {{citation needed|date=March 2010}} The brothers cared for their employees; they both believed in the social rights of the workers and hence they installed canteens and sport grounds. Nineteen years after brother Richard died, George opened a works committee for each gender which discussed proposals for improving the firm. He also pressed ahead with other ideas, like an annuity, a deposit account and education facilities for every employee. {{citation needed|date=March 2010}} In 1901, disgusted by the imperialistic policy of the [[Arthur Balfour|Balfour]] government and opposed to the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], Cadbury bought the ''[[The Daily News (UK)|Daily News]]'' and used the paper to campaign for old age pensions and against the war and [[sweatshop]] labour.<ref>{{cite book | title=A civilised savagery: Britain and the new slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926 | author=Kevin Grant | publisher=Routledge | year=2005 | isbn=0-415-94901-7 | page=110 }}</ref> George Cadbury was one of the prime movers in setting up [[The Birmingham Civic Society]] in 1918. Cadbury donated the [[Lickey Hills Country Park]] to the people of Birmingham. He also donated a large house in Northfield to the Birmingham Cripples Union that was used as a hospital from 1909. It is now called the [[Royal Orthopaedic Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.institutions.org.uk/hospitals/england/warks/royal_orthopaedic_hospital.htm|title=Royal Orthopaedic Hospital|accessdate=3 October 2009|publisher=Rossbret Institutions Website}}</ref> In 1890 he, along with a number of other leading [[Quakers]], helped re-establish [[Grove House School]] as [[Leighton Park School]] in [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] as the leading Quaker school in Britain. He died at his home, [[Northfield Manor House]], on 24 October 1922, aged 83. ==Family life== George Cadbury married twice. In 1872 he married Mary Tylor, daughter of Quaker author [[Charles Tylor]]:<ref>{{cite book | title=Capitalists and Christians: business leaders and the churches in Britain, 1900–1960 | author=David J. Jeremy | publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] | year=1990 | isbn=0-19-820121-4 | page=100 }}</ref> she died in 1887. She was the mother of George junior, Mary Isabel and [[Edward Cadbury|Edward]]. In 1888 he married [[Elizabeth Cadbury|Elizabeth Mary Taylor]]. They had six children together: Laurence John, George Norman, Elsie Dorothea, [[Egbert Cadbury|Egbert]], [[Marion Greeves|Marion Janet]] and Ursula. [[File:Blue plaque George Cadbury.jpg|right|thumb|[[Blue plaque]] at George Road, Edgbaston]] ==Bibliography== * Walter Stranz: ''zoliekah Cadbury'' (Shire Publications, Aylesbury, 1973) ISBN 0-85263-236-3 * {{BBKL|c/cadbury_g|band=29|autor=Claus Bernet|spalten=257–261}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.birminghamuk.com/georgecadbury.htm Birmingham UK: George Cadbury Biography] *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018485/George-Cadbury Encyclopaedia Britannica George Cadbury] *[http://www.woodbrooke.org.uk/ former residence of George Cadbury] *[http://eprints.utas.edu.au/6762/ Letter from George Cadbury in England to William Cooper in Australia, 1920] {{Authority control}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Cadbury, George | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = British businessman | DATE OF BIRTH = 19 September 1839 | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 24 October 1922 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cadbury, George}} [[Category:1839 births]] [[Category:1922 deaths]] [[Category:English Quakers]] [[Category:Cadbury]]'