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' '''[[Islam]]''' is the second-most practiced religion in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]] with 26.7% of the population according to the 2011 Census figures. The religion reached Kerala by the Arabs merchants and immigrants in coastal regions, prior to the arrival of Muslim Central Asian nomadic clans in India. [[File:Cheraman jumamasjid.JPG|thumb|[[Cheraman Juma Masjid]] at [[Kodungallur]]]] ==Help from Hindu Kings== {{bar box |title=[[Religion in Kerala]] |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Kerala|Hinduism]]|orange|54.2}} {{bar percent|[[Islam in India|Islam]]|green|26.7}} {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]]|blue|18.4}} {{bar percent|Others|black|1.0}} |caption=Source:2011 Census of India<ref name="census" /> }} The patronage of the [[Zamorin]]s of [[Kozhikode]] was also an important factor in the spread of Islam in north Kerala.<ref name="google2"/> The Muslims were a major power to be reckoned with in the kingdom and had great influence in the court. The arrival of the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] in 1498 checked the then well-established community's progress. However in the later Colonial period Muslims increased by conversion chiefly among the [[Untouchability|"outcaste"]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]] groups of southern interior Malabar as Muslim traders turned inland in search of alternative occupations to commerce. By the mid-18th century the majority of the Muslims of Kerala were landless laborers, poor fishermen and petty traders, and they were in a psychological retreat. This trend was reversed during the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] invasions of the late 18th century. For a little over a quarter of a century after 1766 the Muslims were a dominant community. The victory of the [[Company rule in India|British]] and princely Hindu confederacy in 1792 placed the Muslims once again in economical and cultural subjection.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC&dq=Muslims+Kerala&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation - Thomas Johnson Nossiter - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date= |accessdate=2012-11-15}}</ref> ==British Period== Prior to the [[independence of India]], the present-day state of Kerala comprised the three areas known as [[Malabar District]], [[Travancore]] and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Kerala Christians and the Caste System |first=C. J. |last=Fuller |journal=Man |series=New Series |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1976 |pages=53–70 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2800388 |accessdate=26 April 2012 |doi=10.2307/2800388 |subscription=yes}}</ref> There had been considerable trade relations between [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and Kerala even before the time of [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. Islam might have been introduced in the region by the [[Arab people|Arab]] traders in the 7th or 8th century AD. Like the [[Cochin Jews|Jews]] and [[Christianity in Kerala|Christians]], the Arabs also settled down at [[Cranganore]] and established a separate colony of their part of the town. According to a tradition, [[Cheraman Perumal]], the last of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera king]]s, became a convert to Islam and [[Hajj|traveled to Mecca]] and this event helped the spread of Islam.<ref name="google2">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC |title=The Legacy of Kerala |first=A. Sreedhara |last=Menon |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala |year=1982 |isbn=978-8-12643-798-6 |accessdate=2012-11-16}}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2014}} ==Tipu Sultan== Historians also believe that during invasion of North Kerala by [[Tipu Sultan]], he forcefully converted many Hindus to Islam.<ref>[http://books.google.co.in/books?id=bk5uAAAAMAAJ Tipu Sultan: villain or hero? : an anthology](Page 38)by Sita Ram Goel</ref><ref>Tipu in a letter to Badroos Saman Khan (dated January 19, 1790) admits ''I have achieved a great victory recently in Malabar and over four lakh Hindus were converted to Islam. I am now determined to march against the cursed Raman Nair (Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma)''</ref> In a letter Tipu sent to one of his generals he claims to have converted over four lakh Hindus. [[File:Bahahuddin Usthad at Convocation.jpg|thumbnail|Convocation at the Chemmad Madrassah]] ==Mappila Riots== These conditions found expression in a recurrent form of violent protests known as the [[Malabar Rebellion]].<ref name="google1"/> The Muslim community of Kerala was also influenced by "the wind of change" in the 20th century. Social and religious leaders worked hard for social uplift and moral regeneration in society, exhorting Muslims to give up all un-Islamic practices and to take to Islamic education. They also promoted education of women.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=R7QNGkZKc5wC&vq=Muslim&dq=history+muslims+kerala&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Cultural heritage of Kerala - A Sreedhara Menon - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date= |accessdate=2012-11-16}}</ref> [[File:Orphanage (1).jpg|thumbnail|Tirurangadi Muslim Orphanage]] == Communities and denominations == [[File:Quvvathul Islam Madrassa. , Taliparamba, Kerala, India. (4488376429).jpg|thumbnail|Quvvathul Islam Madhrassah in [[Taliparamba]]]] Kerala has Muslims from many sects including [[Shia]], [[Mustaali|Bohra]], the [[Shafi'i|Shafi`i school]] of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni sect]], [[Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen|Mujahids]] also under that sect, and [[Ahmadi]]. Sunnis predominate.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} The Ahmadi community is [[Persecution of Ahmadis|severely persecuted in Pakistan]]. However Indian law regards Ahmadis as Muslims. A landmark ruling by the [[Kerala High Court]] on 8 December 1970 in the case of ''Shihabuddin Imbichi Koya Thangal vs K.P. Ahammed Koya'', citation ''A.I.R. 1971 Ker 206 ''upheld their legal status as Muslims.<ref name=hoque>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/law/2004/03/03/index.htm|title=On right to freedom of religion and the plight of Ahmadiyas|author=Hoque, Ridwanul|publisher=The Daily Star|date=21 March 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1400223/|title=Shihabuddin Imbichi Koya Thangal vs K.P. Ahammed Koya on 8 December, 1970 Kerala High Court}}</ref> Ahmadis were not allowed to sit on the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]], which is regarded in India as representative of Muslims in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1073652/religious-violence-hastens-india-s-leap-into-deeper-obscurantism |title=Religious violence hastens India’s leap into deeper obscurantism |date=1 September 2008 |accessdate=2014-12-29 |work=Dawn |last=Naqvi |first=Jawed}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://herald.dawn.com/2013/10/13/is-the-ahmadi-community-just-as-persecuted-in-other-muslim-majority-countries.html|title = IS THE AHMADI COMMUNITY JUST AS PERSECUTED IN OTHER MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRIES?|date = October 13, 2013|accessdate = 2014-12-29|website = Herald.Dawn|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> A legal case resulted in a court ruling that Ahmadis are Muslims and that they cannot be declared apostates by other Muslim sects because they hold true to the two fundamental beliefs of Islam: that there is no god but [[Allah]] and that [[Muhammad]] was a servant and messenger of God.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} == See also == *[[Caste system in Kerala]] == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == *{{cite book |title=Matrilineal Kinship |editor1-first=David Murray |editor1-last=Schneider |editor2-first=E. Kathleen |editor2-last=Gough |chapter=Nayars: Central Kerala |first=E. Kathleen |last=Gough |year=1961 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-02529-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lfdvTbfilYAC |authorlink=Kathleen Gough}} * Dr. S. Sharaf-ud-din, ''Religion: Islam'', ''[[Malayala Manorama|Malayala Manorama Yearbook 2006]]'', Kottayam (India), 2006 ISSN 0970-9096 {{Islam topics}} {{Asia in topic|Islam in}} {{Islam in India by region}} [[Category:Islam in India by state or territory|Kerala]] [[Category:Islam in Kerala]]'