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'{{Infobox mountain | name = Cho Oyu | photo = ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg | photo_caption = The south side of Cho Oyu from [[Gokyo]]. | elevation_m = 8188 | elevation_ref = <br /><small>[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 6th]]</small> | prominence_m = 2340 | prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/china1.html|title=China I: Tibet - Xizang|publisher=Peaklist.org|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref> | listing = [[Eight-thousander]]<br />[[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]] | translation = Turquoise Goddess | language = [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] | location = [[Nepal]]–[[People's Republic of China|China]] ([[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]) | range = [[Mahalangur Himal]], [[Himalayas]] | map = Nepal | map_caption = Location in Nepal (on border with China) | map_size = 300 | label_position = right | lat_d = 28 | lat_m = 05 | lat_s = 39 | lat_NS = N | long_d= 86 | long_m= 39 | long_s= 39 | long_EW= E | coordinates_ref = | first_ascent = October 19, 1954 by [[Herbert Tichy]], Joseph Jöchler, Pasang Dawa Lama<br />(First winter ascent 12 February 1985 [[Maciej Berbeka]] and [[Maciej Pawlikowski]]) | easiest_route = snow/ice/glacier climb }} __NOTOC__ '''Cho Oyu''' ([[Nepali language|Nepali]]: चोयु; {{bo|t=ཇོ་བོ་དབུ་ཡ}}) is the [[List of highest mountains#List|sixth highest mountain]] in the world at {{convert|8188|m|ft}} above sea level. Cho Oyu means "[[Turquoise]] Goddess" in [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]]. The mountain is the westernmost major peak of the ''[[Khumbu]]'' sub-section of the [[Mahalangur Himal]]aya 20&nbsp;km west of [[Mount Everest]]. The mountain stands on the [[China]]-[[Nepal]] border. Just a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu is [[Nangpa La]] (5,716m/18,753&nbsp;ft), a [[glaciated]] pass that serves as the main trading route between the [[Tibetans]] and the [[Khumbu]]'s [[Sherpa (people)|Sherpa]]s. This pass separates the Khumbu and [[Rolwaling Himal|Rolwaling]] [[Himalayas]]. Due to its proximity to this pass and the generally moderate slopes of the standard northwest ridge route, Cho Oyu is considered the easiest [[eight-thousander|8,000 metre peak]] to climb.<ref name=peakware/> It is a popular objective for [[professional]]ly guided parties. ==Height== Cho Oyu's height was originally measured at {{convert|26,750|ft|m}}<!--would be nice to know how old this one is--> and at the time of the first ascent was considered the 7th highest mountain on earth, after [[Dhaulagiri]] at {{convert|8,167|m|ft}}<ref name=Tichy/> ([[Manaslu]], now {{convert|8,156|m|ft}}, was also estimated lower at {{convert|26,658|ft|m}}). A 1984 estimate of {{convert|8,201|m|ft}} made it move up to 6th place.<!--would be really nice to have a reference for that; I don't know who came up with this number--> New measurements made in 1996 <!--"field verification done in 1996--> by the Government of Nepal Survey Department and the [[Finnish Meteorological Institute]] in preparation for the Nepal Topographic Maps put the height at 8,188 m,<ref>[http://pahar.in/pahar/Maps--Primary/Nepal/Nepal%20Topo%20Maps/2886%2015%20Pasan%20Lhamu%20Chuli.jpg 2886 15 Pasan Lhamu Chuli map]</ref> one remarkably similar to the {{convert|26,867|ft|m}} used by [[Edmund Hillary]] in his 1955 book ''High Adventure''.<ref name=Hillary1955/> ==Climbing history== Cho Oyu was [[Mount Everest reconnaissance from Nepal#1952 Cho Oyu reconnaissance|first attempted in 1952]] by an expedition organised and financed by the [[Joint Himalayan Committee]] of Great Britain as preparation for an attempt on Mount Everest the following year. The expedition was led by [[Eric Shipton]] and included [[Edmund Hillary]] and [[Tom Bourdillon]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6h1/3/3|title=Cho Oyu expedition team, 1952|encyclopedia=The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography|first=Shaun|last=Barnett|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> A foray by Hillary and George Lowe was stopped due to technical difficulties and avalanche danger at an ice cliff above {{convert|6650|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} and a report of Chinese troops a short distance across the border influenced Shipton to retreat from the mountain rather than continue to attempt to summit.<ref>Hillary, pp. 79-80</ref> The mountain was first climbed on October 19, 1954, via the north-west ridge by [[Herbert Tichy]], Joseph Jöchler and [[Sherpa (people)|Sherpa]] Pasang Dawa Lama of an [[Austria]]n expedition.<ref name=evnews/> Cho Oyu was the fifth 8000 metre peak to be climbed, after [[Annapurna]] in June 1950, [[Mount Everest]] in May 1953, [[Nanga Parbat]] in July 1953 and [[K2]] in July 1954. Until the ascent of Mount Everest by [[Reinhold Messner]] and [[Peter Habeler]] in 1978, this was the highest peak climbed without supplemental oxygen.<ref>Günter Seyfferth, [http://www.himalaya-info.org/PDF-Dateien/Cho%20Oyu%201954.pdf Cho Oyu, 8201 m, Erkundung, Erstbesteigung, Erstbegehungen, Ereignisse] {{de icon}} </ref> [[File:Chooyu.jpg|thumb|left|Viewing Cho Oyu via Tingri]] ===Timeline=== *1952 First [[Mount Everest reconnaissance from Nepal#1952 Cho Oyu reconnaissance|reconnaissance of north-west face]] by [[Edmund Hillary]] and party.<ref name=evnews/> *1954 First ascent by Austrians Joseph Jöchler and [[Herbert Tichy]], and Pasang Dawa Lama (Nepal)<ref name=evnews/> *1958 Second ascent of the peak, by an [[India]]n expedition. Sherpa Pasang Dawa Lama reached the peak for the second time. First death on Cho Oyu.<ref name=evnews/> *1959 Four members killed in an avalanche during a failed international women's expedition.<ref name=evnews/> *1964 Controversial third ascent by a German expedition as there is no proof of reaching the summit. Two mountaineers die of exhaustion in camp 4 at {{convert|7600|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}.<ref name=evnews/> *1978 [[Eduard Koblmueller|Edi Koblmüller]] and Alois Furtner of [[Austria]] summit via the extremely difficult southeast face.<ref name=evnews/> *1983 [[Reinhold Messner]] succeeds on his fourth attempt,<ref name=evnews/> with [[Hans Kammerlander]] and [[Michael Dacher]]. *1985 On February 12, [[Poles]] [[Maciej Berbeka]] and [[Maciej Pawlikowski]] make the first winter ascent. It is the only winter ascent on [[eight-thousander]] made on a new route. Repeated three days later by [[Andrzej Heinrich]] and [[Jerzy Kukuczka]]. *1988 On November 2, a Slovenian expedition consisting of Iztok Tomazin, Roman Robas, Blaž Jereb, Rado Nadvešnik, Marko Prezelj, and Jože Rozman, reach the summit via the never before climbed north face. *1994 On May 13 [[Carlos Carsolio]] sets a world record speed ascent from base camp to summit, ascending in 18 hours and 45 minutes.<ref name=outside_carsolio/> *1994 First solo ascent via the South West face by Yasushi Yamanoi.<ref name=thebmc/> *2004 Second summit by a double amputee ([[Mark Inglis]])<ref name=bbc_2006/> *2007 Second Indian ascent. Expedition led by Abhilekh Singh Virdi.<ref name=blogspot/> *2011 Dutch climber [[Ronald Naar]] dies after becoming unwell at {{convert|8000|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}.<ref name=outside_naar/><ref name=dutch_news/> [[File:Cho Oyu, Nepal.jpg|thumb|Viewing Cho Oyu via mountain flight]] ==See also== * [[Nangpa La shootings]] * [[Cho Oyu 8201m – Field Recordings from Tibet]] ==References== *{{cite book |last= Hillary |first= Edmund | title= High Adventure | publisher= [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] | year= 1955 | url = http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/high-adventure-9780747566960/ | accessdate = 2014-01-15 | isbn= 0-7475-6696-8}} ;Sources {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=bbc_2006> {{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4774989.stm | title = Double amputee scales Mt Everest | publisher = BBC News | date = 16 May 2006 | accessdate = 2014-05-17}}</ref> <ref name=blogspot> {{cite web | url = http://theworldmountain.blogspot.com/2011/06/timeline-climbing-of-cho-oyu.html | title = Timeline Climbing Of Cho Oyu | publisher = blogspot.com | date = June 2011 | accessdate = 2014-01-15}}</ref> <ref name=dutch_news> {{cite web | url = http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2011/05/dutch_mountaineer_ronald_naar.php | title = Dutch mountaineer Ronald Naar dies during China climb | publisher = DutchNews.nl | date = 23 May 2011 | accessdate = 2014-01-15}}</ref> <ref name=evnews> {{cite web | url=http://www.k2news.com/co5.htm | title=Cho Oyu History | author=Everest&nbsp;News.com | accessdate=2008-04-12}}</ref> <ref name=Hillary1955> {{cite book | author = Hillary, Edmund | title = High Adventure | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TZTe2AJMeO4C&pg=PA49 | page = 49 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1955}}</ref> <ref name=outside_carsolio> {{cite web | url = http://outside.away.com/outside/disc/guest/carsolio/profile.html | title = Guest: Carlos Carsolio | publisher = Outside Online | year = 2000 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070813135324/http://outside.away.com/outside/disc/guest/carsolio/profile.html | archivedate = 13 August 2007 | accessdate = 2014-01-15}}</ref> <ref name=outside_naar> {{cite web | url = http://outside-blog.away.com/blog/2011/05/dutch-climber-ronald-naar-dies-on-cho-oyu.html | title = Dutch Climber Ronald Naar dies on Cho Oyu | publisher = Outside Online | work = The Outside Blog Dispatches | date = 25 May 2011 | accessdate = 2014-01-15}}</ref> <ref name=peakware> {{cite web | url = http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=1092 | title = Cho Oyu | publisher = Peakware | accessdate = }}</ref> <ref name=thebmc> {{cite web | url = https://www.thebmc.co.uk/piolets-dor-asia-honours-urubko | title = Piolets d'Or Asia honours Urubko | author = Griffin, Lindsay | publisher = The British Mountaineering Council | date = 11 Oct 2011 | accessdate = 2014-01-15}}</ref> <ref name=Tichy> {{cite book | author = Tichy, Herbert | title = Cho Oyu: by favour of the gods | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xWo1AAAAIAAJ | publisher = Methuen | year = 1957 | page = 195 | accessdate = 2016-10-28}}</ref> }} == Literature == *Herbert Tichy, Cho Oyu - Gnade der Götter, (Vienna: Ullstein 1955) ==External links== {{commons|Cho Oyu}} * [http://www.summitpost.org/cho-oyu/150294 Cho Oyu page on Summitpost.org] * [http://www.himalaya-info.org/cho_oyu_geschichte.htm Cho Oyu page on Himalaya-Info.org (German)] * [http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=1092 Cho Oyu on Peakware] * [http://www.8000ers.com/cms/content/view/57/188/ Ascents and fatalities statistics] * [http://lenin-peak.net/ Cho Oyu from Kyrgyzstan] {{Eight-thousander}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Eight-thousanders]] [[Category:Mountains of Nepal]] [[Category:Mountains of the Tibet Autonomous Region]] [[Category:China–Nepal border]] [[Category:International mountains of Asia]]'