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'{{Infobox zoo |zoo_name=Cincinnati Zoo |image=Cincinnati Zoo.jpg |location=3400 Vine St, [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], U.S. |coordinates={{Coord|39.145|N|84.508|W|display=inline,title|source:nlwiki}} |area={{Convert|75|acre}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-I6TgnxWnj8C&pg=PA491 |title=Frommer's USA |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |date=Feb 17, 2009 |accessdate=2013-05-09 |author=Baird, David |pages=491|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |date_opened=1875<ref name="zoo_about"/> |num_animals= 1,896 |num_species=500+<ref name="zoo_about"/> |annual_visitors=1.2 million+<ref name="zoo_about"/> |members=[[Association of Zoos and Aquariums|AZA]],<ref name="aza_list"/> [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums|WAZA]]<ref name="waza_list"/> |website={{URL|http://www.cincinnatizoo.org}} }} The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden is the second-oldest [[zoo]] in the United States and is located in [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. It opened in 1875, just 14 months after the [[Philadelphia Zoo]] on July 1, 1874. The [[Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures|Reptile House]] is the oldest zoo building in the United States, dating from 1875. The Cincinnati Zoo is located in the [[Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio|Avondale]] neighborhood of Cincinnati. It was founded on {{Convert|65.4|acre}} in the middle of the city, and since then it has acquired some of the surrounding blocks and several reserves in Cincinnati's outer suburbs. The zoo conducts breeding programs, and was the first to successfully breed [[California sea lion]]s. The zoo also has other breeding programs including [[South African cheetah]]s, [[Sumatran rhinoceros]], [[Malayan tiger]]s, [[western lowland gorilla]]s, [[potto]]s, and [[Masai giraffe]]s. The Cincinnati Zoo was the home of [[Martha (pigeon)|Martha]], the last living [[passenger pigeon]], which died there in 1914. It was also home to the last living [[Carolina parakeet]] in 1918. The zoo is an accredited member of the [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums]] (AZA), and a member of the [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums]] (WAZA). ==History== [[File:Cheetah Run.jpg|thumb|right|An adult [[South African cheetah]] running at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.]] [[File:ReptileHouseCZ2.jpg|thumb|[[Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures|Reptile House]], built in 1875]] In 1872, Andrew Erkenbrecher and several other residents created the ''Society for the Acclimatization of Birds'' in Cincinnati to acquire insect-eating birds to control a severe outbreak of caterpillars. A collection of approximately 1,000 birds imported from Europe in 1872 was housed in [[Burnet Woods]] before being released. The 'Acclimatization Society of Cincinnati' was established in 1873 as similar organizations with imperial aims proliferated in Moscow, Berlin, London, and Melbourne in the late nineteenth century.<ref>David Livingtsone, ''Human Acclimatization: Perspectives on a Contested Field of Inquiry in Science, Medicine and Geography,'' ''History of Science, 25:4 (December, 1987), 364''</ref> The Zoological Society of Cincinnati established a zoo, consisting of just over sixty-five acres in the cow pasture known as Blakely Woods.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgnS65gAbJoC&lpg=PA84&dq=cincinnati%20workhouse&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q=cincinnati%20workhouse&f=false |title=Cincinnati Landmarks |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |date=Oct 29, 2012 |accessdate=2013-05-19 |author=Rolfes, Steven |pages=89}}</ref> The land was purchased by Andrew Erkenbrecher and leased to the Zoological Society for 99 years. This site was acquired in 1874 and the zoo officially opened its doors to the public on September 18, 1875,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSoWAAAAYAAJ&dq=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA172#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Cincinnati Industrial Magazine, Volumes 1-2 |year=1909 |accessdate=2013-05-20 |author=Industrial Bureau of Cincinnati |pages=172}}</ref> making the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden the second oldest intentionally constructed [[zoo]] in the United States.<ref name="architecture"/> The zoo opened with 769 animals on display. Admission was 25 cents for adults and 15 cents for children.<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> Founded by Jonathan Schoonover of Cincinnati and designed by the [[Landscape engineering|landscape engineer]] [[Theodor Fundeisen]], The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden was originally named the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens. [[Architect]] [[James W. McLaughlin]], who constructed the zoo's first buildings, designed the earliest ''completed'' [[zoological]] exhibits in the [[United States]].<ref name="architecture"> {{cite book |last=Painter |first=Sue Ann |title=Architecture In Cincinnati |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |year=2006 |location= |pages= |url= |isbn=0-8214-1701-0}}</ref> The zoo's original animal collection consisted of eight monkeys, two [[grizzly bear]]s, three [[white-tailed deer]], six raccoons, two [[elk]], a [[American bison|buffalo]], a [[laughing hyena]], a tiger, an [[American alligator]], a circus elephant, and over four hundred birds, including a [[crow]]. The zoo also is home to some [[common peafowl]]s. The first guide book about the Cincinnati Zoo was written in 1876 in German. The founders of the zoo, including its first general manager, were German immigrants and the city had quite a large German-speaking population. The first English-language edition (illustrated) was published in 1893.<ref> {{Cite journal |last=Solski |first=Leszek |title=The Zoo and Aquarium Guide Book: Its Evolution and Uncertain Future |year=2006 |journal=International Zoo News |volume=53 |issue=5 |series= |pages=260–273 |location= |publisher= |accessdate= |url=}}</ref> In 1878, the first sea lion was born in captivity, and the first pair of giraffes were acquired by the zoo (Daisy and Abe).<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> In its first 20 years, the zoo experienced many financial difficulties, and despite selling {{Convert|22|acre}} to pay off debt in 1886,<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> it went into receivership in 1898. The Cincinnati Zoological Company was able to bring the zoo out of receivership and keep it going. The Cincinnati Traction Company purchased it in 1901 and operated the zoo for 16 years. In 1917, the Cincinnati Zoological Park Association, funded by donations from philanthropists Mary Emery and Anna Sinton Taft, took over management of the zoo. In 1932 the city purchased the zoo and now runs it through the Board of Park Commissioners. [[File:Susie, World's only trained Gorilla, Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, Ohio (73382).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Susie on a postcard]] In 1931, Robert J. Sullivan permanently loaned the zoo a female gorilla named Susie.<ref name="Joy W. Kraft 2010">Joy W. Kraft, ''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden'', (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72.</ref> Captured in the Belgian Congo, Susie was first sold to a group of French explorers who sent her to France.<ref name="Joy W. Kraft 2010"/> In August 1929, Susie was transported from Europe to the United States aboard the [[LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin|Graf Zeppelin]] accompanied by William Dressman.<ref name="Joy W. Kraft 2010"/> After Susie completed a tour through the United States and Canada with [[Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus|Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus]],<ref>“Susie, Cincy Zoo’s Gorilla, Near Death,” ''The Billboard'' 59, no. 43 (November 1, 1947): 57.</ref> Sullivan purchased Susie for $4500.00<ref name="Susie Dies 1947">“Cincy Zoo’s Susie Dies; Local Paper Plans Replacement,” ''The Billboard'' 59, no. 44 (November 8, 1947): 53.</ref> and loaned her to the zoo.<ref>Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72-74.</ref> Dressman, who stayed on as Susie’s trainer after she was loaned to the zoo, taught her how eat with a knife and fork and orchestrated two performances every day.<ref>Ohio Writers' Program, ''Cincinnati; A Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors,'' (Cincinnati: Wiesen-Hart Press, 1943), 350.</ref> Susie was so popular that on her birthday on August 7, 1936, more than 16,000 visitors flocked to the zoo.<ref>”8,000 at Cincinnati Attend Party for Susie, the Gorilla,” ''The Milwaukee Journal'' (Milwaukee Journal, WI), August 3, 1936: 8.</ref> Susie remained one of the most popular animals at the zoo until her death on October 29, 1947.<ref>Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 72-75.</ref> Her body was donated to the University of Cincinnati,<ref name="Susie Dies 1947"/> where her skeleton remained on display until it was destroyed in a fire in 1974.<ref>Joy W. Kraft,''The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden,'' (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2010), 76.</ref> In 1951, the original Monkey House was converted into the Reptile House.<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> In addition to its live animal exhibits, the zoo houses refreshments stands, a dance hall, roads, walkways, and picnic grounds. Between 1920 and 1972, the Cincinnati Summer Opera performed in an open-air pavilion and were broadcast by NBC radio. In 1987, parts of the zoo were designated as a National Historic Landmark, the [[Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures]], due to their significant architecture featured in the Elephant House, the Reptile House, and the Passenger Pigeon Memorial. The zoo's Reptile House is the oldest existing zoo building in the country, dating from 1875.<ref name="zoo_about"/> ==Animals and exhibits== [[File:Ocelot at Cincinnati Zoo.jpg|thumb|right|A Southern Brazilian [[ocelot]] asleep at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.]] Animals at the zoo have held several records, including the longest living alligator in captivity at the time (at about 70 years of age),<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> the fastest cheetah in captivity,<ref name="zoo_amazing"/> and the largest Komodo dragon (who died in 2005). The zoo was the first in the United States to put an [[aye-aye]] on display, and after losing its last aye-aye in 1993, it finally acquired another in 2011: a 6-year old transferred from the [[Duke Lemur Center]] in North Carolina.<ref name="new_arrivals"> {{Cite web |url=http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20110714/NEWS01/107150324/Zoo-s-babies-year-round-thing |title=Zoo's babies are a year-round thing |work=news.cincinnati.com |publisher=Cincinnati.com |accessdate=23 July 2011}}</ref> The zoo is one of only a dozen in North America to house and breed [[bonobo]]s (also known as pygmy chimpanzees), an endangered species of the great apes.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bray |first=Shasta |title=Re-interpreting Jungle Trails to Engage Families |url=http://blog.cincinnatizoo.org/?s=bonobo |work=Cincinnati Zoo Blog |accessdate=29 February 2012}}</ref> ==Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW)== The Cincinnati Zoo has been active in breeding animals to help save species, starting as early as 1880 with the first hatching of a [[trumpeter swan]] in a zoo, as well as four passenger pigeons. This was followed in 1882 with the first [[American bison]] born in captivity.<ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"/> In 1981, the zoo established the '''Carl H. Lindner Jr. Family Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife''' for the purpose of using science and technology to understand, preserve, and propagate endangered flora and fauna and facilitate the conservation of global biodiversity. Its [[Frozen zoo|Frozen Zoo]] plays a major role. In it are stored over 2,500 specimens representing approximately 60 animal and 65 plant species. ==Future exhibits{{anchor|Africa}}== The zoo is currently building the {{convert|8|acre|adj=on}} Africa exhibit, which will be the largest animal exhibit in the zoo's history.<ref>[http://cincinnatizoo.org/animals-exhibits/exhibits/africa/ Africa Exhibit Website]</ref> Phases I and II were completed in 2010, adding an exhibit for [[flamingos]] and [[crane (bird)|crane]]s. The Cheetah Encounter yard was also expanded so the cheetahs were given enough space to run, along with 50% more seats and more shade for guests and a 40% larger running space, allowing cheetahs to reach optimal speeds in record times.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phase 1 of Africa Savannah Opens Saturday |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=381434037608&1&index=0 |accessdate=10 June 2013}}</ref> The zoo completed Phase III, opening June 29, 2013. This phase included a wider vista that offers visitors an opportunity to see [[lion|African lion]]s, [[white lion]]s, [[serval]]s, a [[bat-eared fox]], [[African wild dog]]s and a new [[cheetah]] exhibit.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ohio zoo readies Africa exhibit |url=http://www.wlky.com/news/local-news/ohio-news/Ohio-zoo-readies-Africa-exhibit/-/9718610/19835520/-/qkvvxlz/-/index.html |accessdate=10 June 2013}}</ref> A new Base Camp Café was added in the 2013 season and it is said to be the greenest restaurant in the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cincinnati Zoo's restaurant greenest in United States |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/06/07/cincy-zoo-greenest-restaurant/2402093/ |accessdate=10 June 2013 |newspaper=USA Today |date=7 June 2013}}</ref> Phase IV, the largest phase of the Africa expansion, was opened on June 28, 2014.<ref name="painted_dog">{{cite web |title=Painted Dog Valley Now Open at the Cincinnati Zoo |url=http://cincinnatizoo.org/blog/2014/07/01/painted-dog-valley-now-open-at-the-cincinnati-zoo/ |accessdate=12 September 2014}}</ref> This phase introduced a wide savannah teeming with some of Africa's most spectacular hoofstock, such as [[zebras]], [[gazelle]]s, [[lesser kudu]], [[impala]] and [[giant eland]], along with some of the world's largest birds like [[ostrich]]es, [[marabou stork]]s and [[grey crowned crane]]s. Phase V, the final phase of the expansion, opened on July 23<ref>http://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2016/07/23/cincinnati-zoo-opens-new-75-million-hippo-exhibit/87491144/</ref> 2016, introducing an area for [[Nile hippopotamus|Nile hippos]]. The new exhibit (dubbed "Hippo Cove") gives visitors a dramatic experience by providing both above and below-water viewing.<ref name="painted_dog"/> The exhibit features a 34-year-old male named Henry from the Dickerson Park Zoo and a 17-year-old female named Bibi from the St. Louis Zoo. Gorilla World is planned to undergo a $12 million expansion, which will include a large indoor building to allow visitors to see the gorillas every day of the year. The expansion is expected to be complete by summer of 2017. == 2016 gorilla shooting incident == {{Main article|Killing of Harambe}} On May 28, 2016, Harambe, a 17-year-old, {{convert|200|kg|lb|sing=on}} male [[Western lowland gorilla]], was fatally shot by zoo officials after a three-year-old boy climbed into Harambe's enclosure. The incident was recorded by a bystander and uploaded to [[YouTube]], where the video went [[viral video|viral]].<ref>{{youtube|id=Zfuz7cTDNeI|title=Cincinnati zoo kills gorilla to save boy who fell into enclosure}}</ref> Zoo director [[Thane Maynard]] stated, "The child was being dragged around ... His head was banging on concrete. This was not a gentle thing. The child was at risk."<ref name="McPhateGorillaZoo">{{cite news|last1=McPhate|first1=Kate|title=Zoo’s Killing of Gorilla Holding a Boy Prompts Outrage|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/zoos-killing-of-gorilla-holding-a-boy-prompts-outrage.html?_r=0|accessdate=May 31, 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=May 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/28/us/zoo-kills-gorilla/index.html|title=Gorilla shot to save child at Cincinnati zoo|last1=Ralph|first1=Ellis|first2=Rashard|last2=Rose|date=May 29, 2016|work=CNN|accessdate=May 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/30/us/gorilla-killed-after-child-enters-enclosure-at-cincinnati-zoo.html|title=Gorilla Killed After Child Enters Enclosure at Cincinnati Zoo|date=May 30, 2016|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 30, 2016}}</ref> The shooting was controversial,<ref name=standard>{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/zoo-faces-backlash-over-decision-to-shoot-gorilla-dead-after-boy-4-fell-into-enclosure-a3259326.html|title=Zoo faces backlash over decision to shoot gorilla dead after boy, 4, fell into enclosure|date=May 29, 2016|work=Evening Standard|accessdate=May 30, 2016}}</ref> with some observers stating that it was not clear whether or not Harambe was likely to harm the child.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/killed-gorilla-seemed-protect-child-who-fell-enclosure-witness-n582311|title=Killed Gorilla Seemed to Protect Child Who Fell in Enclosure: Witness|work=NBC News|accessdate=May 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/animal-behaviour-expert-says-silverback-gorilla-harambe-was-not-trying-to-harm-defenceless-child/news-story/94d83332fbb86df234989f66ae621d67|title=Gorilla shot dead in zoo: Killing unnecessary, primate expert says - Video|date=May 30, 2016|work=NewsComAu|accessdate=May 30, 2016}}</ref> Others called for the boy's parents and/or the zoo to be held accountable for the gorilla's death.<ref>{{cite web | last=Grinberg | first=Emanuella | title=Critics blame parents, Cincinnati Zoo for gorilla's death | website=CNN | date=2016-05-29 | url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/29/us/cincinnati-zoo-gorilla-shot/index.html | accessdate=2016-05-31}}</ref> The boy was transported to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries after being rescued.<ref name=standard /> Police are investigating possible criminal charges, while the parents of the boy defended the zoo's actions. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ohio-gorilla-idUSKCN0YM1XH|title=Gorilla killing at Cincinnati zoo sparks probe into possible criminal charges|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="news">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/technology/science/animals/mother-of-boy-who-fell-into-gorilla-enclosure-lashes-out-at-critics/news-story/770769a5eb332798f1f75292f66f |title=Mother of boy who fell into zoo enclosure lashes out at critics |work=News Corp }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="mirror">{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/astounding-new-footage-shows-gorilla-8082168|title=Astonishing new footage shows gorilla 'PROTECTING' boy and holding his hand before being shot dead|author=John Shammas|date=1 June 2016}}</ref> The incident received global publicity; comedian and actor [[Ricky Gervais]], rock guitarist [[Brian May]], and journalist and television personality [[Piers Morgan]] criticized the shooting<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/31/ricky-gervais-joins-backlash-over-shooting-of-harambe-the-gorill/ |title=Celebrities joins backlash over shooting of Harambe the gorilla - but Ohio zoo defends decision |work=Daily Telegraph |author=Chris Graham |date=May 31, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2016}}</ref> while real estate developer, television personality, and President-elect [[Donald Trump]] and zoo director and notable animal expert [[Jack Hanna]] both lamented the shooting but defended the zoo's decision to prioritize the boy's safety.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://time.com/4352497/donald-trump-cincinnati-zoo-harambe-gorilla/ |title=Donald Trump Defends Cincinnati Zoo’s Shooting of Harambe the Gorilla |work=Time |author=Eliana Dockterman |date=May 31, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2016}}</ref> [[Primatologist]] [[Frans de Waal]] neither defended nor condemned the zoo's decision, but described it as a horrible dilemma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alternet.org/environment/rip-harambe |title=Leading Primatologist Frans de Waal Weighs in on Controversy Surrounding Harambe, Gorilla Shot at Zoo |work=AlterNet |author=[[Frans De Waal]] |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=May 31, 2016}}</ref> The shooting of harambe became the centre of many memes on the internet and now he rests with billy maze in heaven. == See also == * [[Binti Jua]] * [[Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures]] * [[List of botanical gardens in the United States]] * [[Sarah (cheetah)]] ==Notes== {{Reflist |colwidth=30em |refs= <ref name="zoo_about"> {{Cite web |url=http://cincinnatizoo.org/about-us/history-and-vision/ |title=History, Mission, and Vision |work=cincinnatizoo.org |publisher=Cincinnati Zoo |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> <ref name="zoo_amazing"> {{Cite web |url=http://cincinnatizoo.org/blog/2011/05/25/every-day-is-amazing-at-the-cincinnati-zoo |title=Every Day is Amazing at the Cincinnati Zoo |work=cincinnatizoo.org |publisher=Cincinnati Zoo |accessdate=23 July 2011}}</ref> <ref name="aza_list"> {{ZooOrg|aza|zoos|accessdate=4 September 2011}} </ref> <ref name="waza_list"> {{ZooOrg|waza|zoos|accessdate=4 September 2011}} </ref> <ref name="cincinnativiews_zoo_main"> {{Cite web |url=http://www.cincinnativiews.net/zoo_main.htm |title=Cincinnati Zoo |work=cincinnativiews.net |publisher=Don Prout |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> }} ==External links== {{Americana Poster|Cincinnati Zoological Gardens}} *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Official website|http://cincinnatizoo.org}} {{Zoos of Ohio}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cincinnati Zoo And Botanical Garden}} [[Category:Zoos in Ohio]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Cincinnati]] [[Category:Botanical gardens in Ohio]] [[Category:1875 establishments in Ohio]] [[Category:Protected areas of Hamilton County, Ohio]] [[Category:Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums]] [[Category:Zoos established in 1875]]'