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'{{Other places}} {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name =Struga <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in --> |official_name = |native_name =Струга <!-- if different from the English name --> |other_name = |settlement_type = <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--> |image_skyline = Aerial view of Struga, Lake Ohrid & Black Drin (7).jpg |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = Aerial view of Struga |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Coat of arms of Struga Municipality.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |nickname = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map =Macedonia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------> |pushpin_map_caption =Location within Macedonia |coordinates = {{coord|41|10|N|20|40|E|region:MK|display=inline}} <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{MKD}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia|Municipality]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name1 = [[Struga Municipality]] |subdivision_name2 = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --> |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = [[Ramiz Merko]] |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 483 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation --------------------------> |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 693 |elevation_ft = 2273 |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_total = 16,559 |population_as_of = 2002 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |population_density_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |population_note = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code =6330 |area_code =+389 46 |website = http://www.struga.gov.mk/ |footnotes = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- Politics -----------------> |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --> |blank_name =[[Car number plates in the Republic of Macedonia|Car plates]] |blank_info =[[File:Struga car plate.jpg|thumb|Struga car plate]] |blank1_name =[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |blank1_info =[[Oceanic climate|Cfb]] }} '''Struga''' ({{lang-mk|Струга}} {{IPA-mk|ˈstruɡa||Mk-Struga.ogg}}, Albanian: Struga/Strugë) is a [[town]] and popular tourist destination situated in the south-western region of the [[Republic of Macedonia]], lying on the shore of [[Lake Ohrid]]. The town of Struga is the seat of [[Struga Municipality]]. ==Etymology== [[File:Struška čaršija 01.JPG|thumb|Old boulevard of Struga]] The origins of the name ''Struga'' come from the [[Old Church Slavonic]] language.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} There are three theories regarding the name, all of which are supported by the local inhabitants of the Struga region.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CpYot4N2PUC&pg=RA1-PA167&dq=struga+name#PRA1-PA168,M1 | title=Macedonia | publisher=Bradt Travel Guides | accessdate=2009-10-03 }}</ref> * The first theory is that the name of the town originated from the geographic location of the town. Located at the foot of an open valley and subject to a windy climate, it was suggested that the name originates from the old Macedonian term: струже ветер (it blows wind). * The second theory says that the name of the city origins from the ''straga'', meaning a ''cross''. * The third theory comes from the word ''str'g'' which means ''water branch''. The albanian theory comes from dialectologis scientific Mehmet Halimi, who say that Struga ore strugë came from old word strugel which means the closed way in which sheep stays when they were milking. The old name of the city is Ενχαλών ''Enchalon'', the ancient Greek word for [[eel]], a kind of fish that lives in the [[Lake Ohrid]]. ==History== In the late 19th and early 20th century, Struga was part of the [[Manastir Vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. From 1929 to 1941, Struga was part of the [[Vardar Banovina]] of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. ==Geography== Struga is located in an open valley on Lake Ohrid. The [[Black Drin]] river (Crn Drim) starts at the lake and divides the city. ==Demographics== As of the 2002 census, the city of Struga has 16,559 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:<ref name="Statistical Office">[http://www.stat.gov.mk/Publikacii/knigaX.pdf Macedonian census, language and religion Censuses of population 1948 - 2002]</ref> *Macedonians, 8,901 (53.7%) *Albanians, 5,293 (32.0%) *Turks, 907 (5.5%) *Vlachs, 550 (3.3%) *others, 908 (5.5%) The mother tongues of the city's residents were the following: *Macedonian, 9,665 (58.4%) *Albanian, 5,615 (34.0%) *Turkish, 823 (5.0%) *Aromanian, 271 (1.6%) *others, 185 (1.1%) The religious composition of the city was the following: *Orthodox Christians, 9,197 (55.5%) *Muslims, 7,075 (42.7%) *others, 287 (1.7%) {| class="wikitable" |+ '''City of Struga population according to ethnic group 1948-2002<ref name="Censuses of population 1948 - 2002">[http://makstat.stat.gov.mk/pxweb2007bazi/Database/Censuses/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002.asp Censuses of population 1948 - 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014071758/http://makstat.stat.gov.mk/pxweb2007bazi/Database/Censuses/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002/Censuses%20of%20population%201948-2002.asp |date=2013-10-14 }}</ref>''' |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group ! colspan="2" | census 1948 ! colspan="2" | census 1953 ! colspan="2" | census 1961 ! colspan="2" | census 1971 ! colspan="2" | census 1981 ! colspan="2" | census 1994 ! colspan="2" | census 2002 |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % |- | [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 2,194 | align="right" | 43.9 | align="right" | 3,423 | align="right" | 49.9 | align="right" | 6,215 | align="right" | 54.2 | align="right" | 8,002 | align="right" | 55.9 | align="right" | 9,433 | align="right" | 58.9 | align="right" | 8,901 | align="right" | 53.8 |- | [[Albanians]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 1,109 | align="right" | 22.2 | align="right" | 1,649 | align="right" | 24.1 | align="right" | 3,508 | align="right" | 30.6 | align="right" | 4,149 | align="right" | 29.0 | align="right" | 4,330 | align="right" | 27.0 | align="right" | 5,293 | align="right" | 32.0 |- | [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 927 | align="right" | 18.6 | align="right" | 994 | align="right" | 14.5 | align="right" | 730 | align="right" | 6.4 | align="right" | 832 | align="right" | 5.8 | align="right" | 887 | align="right" | 5.5 | align="right" | 927 | align="right" | 5.5 |- | [[Romani language|Romani]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 141 | align="right" | 2.82 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 12 | align="right" | 0.1 | align="right" | 421 | align="right" | 2.9 | align="right" | 114 | align="right" | 0.7 | align="right" | 97 | align="right" | 0.6 |- | [[Vlachs]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 536 | align="right" | 10.7 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 337 | align="right" | 2.35 | align="right" | 462 | align="right" | 2.9 | align="right" | 550 | align="right" | 3.3 |- | [[Serbs]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 42 | align="right" | 0.9 | align="right" | 54 | align="right" | 0.8 | align="right" | 106 | align="right" | 0.9 | align="right" | 84 | align="right" | 0.6 | align="right" | 91 | align="right" | 0.6 | align="right" | 72 | align="right" | 0.4 |- | [[Bosnians]] | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 0.0 | align="right" | 16 | align="right" | 0.1 |- | Others/undeclared | align="right" | .. | align="right" | .. | align="right" | 47 | align="right" | 1.0 | align="right" | 737 | align="right" | 10.8 | align="right" | 904 | align="right" | 7.9 | align="right" | 500 | align="right" | 3.5 | align="right" | 720 | align="right" | 4.5 | align="right" | 723 | align="right" | 4.4 |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! align="left" | Total ! colspan="2" | 4,923 ! colspan="2" | 4,996 ! colspan="2" | 6,857 ! colspan="2" | 11,475 ! colspan="2" | 14,325 ! colspan="2" | 16,037 ! colspan="2" | 16,559 |- |} Until the last few decades of the 20th century Albanian Tosk, in particular the geographically central variety of the dialect dominated among speakers of Albanian in Struga.<ref name="Murtishi21"/> The local Romani population of Struga speaks and sings in the southern Tosk Albanian dialect, as does the local Turkish population.<ref name="Murtishi21"/> Aromanians in Struga also speak Tosk Albanian as do local Macedonians who learn to speak Albanian.<ref name="Murtishi21">{{cite book|last=Murtishi|first=Kaim|title=Ladorishti: Histori dhe Tradita|year=2001|publisher=Asdreni|isbn=|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Ee85HQAACAAJ&dq=Ladorishti&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|pages=21|ref=harv}} "ndërsa për ruajtjen e identitetit të Strugës, flet fakti se në atë qytet, para disa dekadave, flitej vetëm dialekti toskë, sidomos toskërishtja qendrore, ndërmjet Jugut dhe Veriut të Shqiperisë... Këto fakte gjuhësore i vërteton edhe popullata rome, jevgjit e Strugës, flasin dhe këndojnë toskërisht, gjithashtu edhe popullata turke e këtij qyteti, flet dialektin toskë. Këtë dialekt e flasin vllehët e Strugës dhe të Belicës. Këtë dialekt e flet edhe popullata sllave që ka mësuar të flasë shqip."</ref> ==Culture== [[File:Kalishtafrescoes.JPG|thumb|Frescoes from the rock church in the monastery of Kalishta.]] <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Struga Poetry Evenings logo Macedonia.png|thumb|left|[[Struga Poetry Evenings]] international festival logo.]] --> Struga is also a place of important cultural significance in the Republic of Macedonia, as it is the birthplace of the poets [[Miladinov Brothers|Konstantin and Dimitar Miladinov]]. The main event of the cultural life in Struga is the world's largest poetry gathering, [[Struga Poetry Evenings]], whose laureates have included several [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] winners such as * [[Joseph Brodsky]], * [[Eugenio Montale]], * [[Pablo Neruda]], * [[Seamus Heaney]], * [[Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca]] and many others since 1966. There are several cultural monuments in Struga and in its vicinity such as * the Monastery of [[Kališta]], a few kilometers away from the town center, lying on the shore of Lake Ohrid. It is believed that it dates from the 16th century, with frescoes from the 14th and the 15th centuries. * Another rock church is present in the neighbouring village of [[Radožda]] with frescoes from the 13th and 14th centuries. * The Church of Sveta Bogorodica (St Mary) in [[Vraništa]], is believed to be where Tsar Samuel was crowned. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}} * The church of [[St. George]] is also located in the town; built on top of Samuel's church, it has many icons from the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. * Near the village of Radolishta, a [[basilica]] from the 4th century was discovered, {{when|date=October 2013}} with a [[mosaic]]. Struga's old [[architecture]] dates from the 18th and 19th centuries. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}} ==Economy== ===Tourism=== [[File:Crni Drim Struga.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Black Drin]] river flowing through the city.]] Much of the town's income is through internal tourism. Struga's location on [[Lake Ohrid]] makes it a slightly quieter and more peaceful experience than the more bustling [[Ohrid]]. When visiting this quiet town of the [[Republic of Macedonia]], there are a few other places that show the beauty and culture, like the clay chamber pots at the house of the Miladinovci Brothers, {{Who|date=October 2013}} the old bazaar, the century old churches and mosques. Before the evenings you can enjoy on 3 kinds of beaches called "Male beach" (maška plaža), "Female beach" (Ženska plaža) and [[Seagull|Galeb]] ("Gull Beach"), located just before the estuary of the river [[Crn Drim]] (Black Drim) in its own flow, and between the two previous beaches. Just in front of the "Male beach", at the estuary of the river [[Crn Drim]] it is located the biggest 5 star Hotel Drim in Struga. Out of the town there is another tourist place near the lake called Biser (Pearl), also a hotel. Every August the [[Struga Poetry Evenings]] (SPE) are held at the "Poetry Bridge" ({{lang-mk| Струшки Вечери на Поезијата}}) and are attended by poets, writers and artists from across the world. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}} ;Churches<ref>''Jелена Павловска, Наташа Ниќифоровиќ и Огнен Коцевски (2011). Валентина Божиновска. уред (на македонски). „Карта на верски објекти во Македонија“. Менора - Скопје: Комисија за односи во верските заедници и религиозните групи. {{ISBN|978-608-65143-2-7}}''</ref> *St. George Church - from the 13th century; *St. Nicholas Church *Church of the Myrrhbearing Women ==International relations== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Macedonia}} ===Twin towns – Sister cities=== Struga is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: *{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Mangalia]], [[Romania]] *{{flagicon|CYP}} [[Famagusta]], [[Cyprus]]<ref name="Magosa">{{dead link|date=May 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.magusa.org/tr/|title=''Magosa - Twin Towns''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] Gazimagosa-City.sk|accessdate=2013-10-19|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020083205/http://www.magusa.org/tr/|archivedate=2013-10-20|df=}}</ref> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Waterbury, Connecticut]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waterburyobserver.org/node/1864|title=''Waterbury and Struga Agree To Become Sister Cities, O'Leary To Visit Macedonia Next Summer''|publisher=The Waterbury Observer|accessdate=2014-01-23}}</ref> *{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Büyükçekmece]], [[Turkey]] ==See also== {{portal|Macedonia}} * [[Struga Poetry Evenings]] * [[List of people from Struga]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.struga.gov.mk/ Struga Municipality] * [http://www.struga.org/eng/points_interest.htm Points of interest in Struga] *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Struga}} * [http://www.visit-struga.com Struga Tourism Portal] {{Towns in the Republic of Macedonia}} {{Struga}} {{Struga Municipality}} {{coord|41|10|39|N|20|40|44|E|region:MK_type:city(65800)|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Towns in the Republic of Macedonia]] [[Category:Struga| ]]'