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'{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ibagué | settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipio]] | nickname = Musical city of Colombia<ref>[http://www.mycities.co/colombia/city_ibague_.html City of Ibagué (Tolima)]. ''Mycities.co''. Retrieved 02 June 2014</ref> | motto = | image_skyline = Panorama Ibague.JPG | imagesize = 305px | image_caption = The skyline of Ibagué in 2015. | image_flag = Flag of Ibagué.svg | image_seal = Escudo de Ibagué.svg | image_map = Colombia - Tolima - Ibagué.svg | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Location of the city of Ibagué in Tolima. | pushpin_map = Colombia | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Colombia | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Colombia}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = [[Andean Region (Colombia)|Andean Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Department of Tolima]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo | established_title = Foundation | established_date = October 14, 1550 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 1498 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | population_as_of = 2005 | population_footnotes = <ref name=2005Census /> | population_total = 498401 | pop_est_as_of = 2015 | population_est = 553526 | population_urban = 523068 | population_rural = 30458 | population_demonym = Ibaguereño, ibaguereña | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone]] | utc_offset = -5 | coordinates = {{coord|4|26|N|75|14|W|region:CO_type:city(498401)|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 1285 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 730001-730019 | area_code = 57 + 8 | website = [http://www.ibague.gov.co/ Official website] {{es icon}} | footnotes = }} '''Ibagué''' ({{IPA-es|iβaˈɣe}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], one of the 32 departments that make up the [[Republic of Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=What are the departments of Colombia|url=http://www.colombiainfo.org/en-us/colombia/departments.aspx|website=colombiainfo.org|accessdate=23 March 2015}}</ref> The city is located in the center of the country, on the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, near [[Nevado del Tolima]]. It is one of the most populous cities in the country, with about 498,401 (according to the 2005 census) inhabitants,<ref name="2005Census">{{cite web|title="DANE:Proyecciones de Población departamentales y municipales por área 2005 - 2020". (In Spanish)|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/ProyeccionMunicipios2005_2020.xls|website=dane.gov.co|publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística -DANE|accessdate=23 March 2015}}</ref> making it the seventh (7th) most populous in Colombia. It was founded on October 14, 1550, by the Spanish captain Andrés López de Galarza. The city of Ibagué is divided into 13 communes and the rural area has 17 [[Corregimientos of Colombia|corregimientos]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://alcaldiadeibague.gov.co/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf|title= mapa de comunas de ibague|year=2010 |author=. |language=es}}</ref> As the capital of the department of Tolima the city hosts the Government of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], the Departmental Assembly, and the Attorney General's Office. It is the main epicenter of [[political]], [[economic]], [[administration (government)|administrative]], [[business]], [[art]], [[culture]], and [[tourism]] activities in the area. Ibagué maintains one of the major urban economies of [[Colombia]] and could grow in prominence within [[South America]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portafolio.co/negocios/world-trade-centers|title= world trade center ibague |year=2010 |author=. |language=es}}</ref> with its development potential and competitive national and international [[business centers]], [[industry]], and infrastructure. It is one of three [[cities]] in the country chosen by the World Trade Center Association (WTCA) to build headquarters along with [[Cali]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metrocuadrado.com/decoracion/content/colombia-suma-tres-world-trade-center-grupo-mundial|title= world trade center Colombia |year=2010 |author=. |language=es}}</ref> adding to the one existing in [[Bogotá]]. The economy of Ibagué is based primarily on the [[industry|industrial]], [[tourism]], and [[agricultural]] sectors, with its [[textile]] industry<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.colombianparadise.com/destinos/ibague.html|title= economía de ibague |year=2010 |author= colombianparadise |language=es}}</ref> being the third largest in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-460022|title= ibague,ciudad de la confeccion |year=2010 |author=El tiempo|language=es}}</ref> According to "Doing Business" from the World Bank in [[Washington DC]], Ibagué tops the ranking of the cities with greater ease of doing business and investment in the country after [[Manizales]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-7246127|title= ibague seuna ciudad finanicera y de negocios del pais/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf |year=2010 |author= ibague es la segunda ciudad negociante del país |language=es}}</ref> The city is known as "The Musical Capital of Colombia and America", thanks to the [[Conservatory of Tolima]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conservatoriodeibague.edu.co/|title= conservatorio de ibague |year=2010 |author= conservatorio de ibague |language=es}}</ref> (one of the most prestigious and important in Colombia),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatoriodeltolima.edu.co/|title= conservatorio del tolima |year=2010 |author= conservatorio del tolima |language=es}}</ref> folklore festivities,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festivalfolclorico.com/es/el-festival/reinados/nacional/|title= reinado nacional del folclor |year=2010 |author= reinado nacional del folclor |language=es}}</ref> and its many monuments referring to [[music]]. The city's main educational institutions are the [[University of Tolima]], the [[University of Ibagué]], the [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia|Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD)]] and the Conservatory of Tolima. ==History== Ibagué was founded by [[Spanish people|Spaniard]] Andrés López de Galarza on October 14, 1550, as "Villa de San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas" ("Town of Saint Boniface of Ibagué of the Valley of the Spears") in a nearby location which now contains the urban area of the neighboring municipality of [[Cajamarca, Tolima|Cajamarca]] about {{convert|42|km|0|abbr=in}} to the west of the modern city of Ibagué. The indigenous [[Pijaos]] commanded by [[cacique]] Ibagué were not fond of Spaniards colonizing the area so the city was re-founded in its current location on February 7, 1551. From April to December 1854, Ibagué was briefly the capital of the [[Republic of New Granada|New Granada]] following a [[coup d'etat]] promoted by [[José María Melo]], a general and politician born in [[Chaparral, Tolima]]. In 1908, when the department of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] was created, Ibagué became the departmental capital. The [[University of Tolima]] was founded in 1945, and was raised to state university status in 1954. The city is also the home of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ibagué]]. ==Geography== Ibagué is located in the Colombian [[andes|Andean]] region, in the center of the department of Tolima, surrounded by mountains on all sides with the exception of a plateau which extends to the east. ===Volcanism=== Ibagué lies within the [[Andean Volcanic Belt]]. It has two active volcanoes in its immediate vicinity: the [[Nevado del Tolima]], {{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}} NW of the city, and the [[Cerro Machín]], {{convert|17|km|0|abbr=on}} west of the city center but still within the Municipality of Ibagué. The city is one access point to [[Los Nevados]] National Park, the other being [[Manizales]]. Cerro Machín has been dormant for the last 800 years, but seismological activity has been registered recently causing several earthquakes. The volcano is classified as "III - Changes in behavior of volcanic activity" by Ingeominas, the Colombian Institute for Geology and Mining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ingeominas |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Página_Principal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626201352/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/P%C3%A1gina_Principal |dead-url=yes |archive-date=26 June 2007 |date=1 August 2009 |publisher=Ingeominas |accessdate=13 August 2009 |language=Spanish |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref> A map of menaced areas has been published indicating that in the event of an eruption the city of Ibagué would not be affected despite its proximity to the volcano.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Machín |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013025243/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Mach%C3%ADn |dead-url=yes |archive-date=13 October 2008 |date=9 December 2008 |publisher=Ingeominas |accessdate=13 August 2009 |language=Spanish |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref> ==Demographics== [[File:Plaza de bolivar ibague.jpg|thumb|Plaza de Bolívar, the city's main park.]] The total population of the municipality of Ibagué (including urban and rural areas), according to the 2005 census, was 498,401 inhabitants, of which 468,647 resided in the urban area. The [[National Administrative Department of Statistics (Colombia)|National Administrative Department of Statistics]] (DANE) estimates that the total population in 2015 was 553,526, with 523,068 in the urban area (''cabecera'') and 30,458 in the rural area (''resto'').<ref name=2005Census /> ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== Municipal transport is managed by several local bus companies that operate minibuses throughout the city and to neighboring villages. Ibagué lies at the intersection of national roads 40 and 43, connecting the city to [[Magdalena River Valley]] and Bogotá to the east, [[Armenia, Colombia|Armenia]] and the [[Valle del Cauca Department|Valle del Cauca]] to the west, and [[Honda, Tolima|Honda]] to the north. There is a long distance [[Bus station|bus terminal]] with connections to most big cities in Colombia. There are frequent connections to [[Bogotá]], [[Cali]], [[Medellín]], and several overnight buses to [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], [[Barranquilla]], and seasonal services to [[Santa Marta]]. About {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} east of the city lies [[Perales Airport]] which has several flights a day to Bogotá and Medellín. ==Climate== Ibagué features a [[tropical rainforest climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]], albeit a relatively cooler version of the climate due to the high altitude. Although the city does experience noticeably drier conditions during the months of January and July, the city has no true [[dry season]] month, as all twelve months see on average more than {{convert|60|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation. As is commonplace in areas with this climate, temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year in Ibagué, with average high temperatures of about 28 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures of about 18 degrees Celsius. On average Ibagué sees {{convert|1700|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation annually. {{Weather box |location = Ibagué, Colombia ([[Perales Airport]]) 1981–2010 |metric first = Yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 34.4 |Feb record high C = 35.4 |Mar record high C = 34.4 |Apr record high C = 34.2 |May record high C = 33.2 |Jun record high C = 33.6 |Jul record high C = 35.0 |Aug record high C = 36.4 |Sep record high C = 36.0 |Oct record high C = 34.8 |Nov record high C = 31.9 |Dec record high C = 34.2 |year record high C = 36.4 |Jan high C = 28.8 |Feb high C = 29.1 |Mar high C = 28.8 |Apr high C = 28.2 |May high C = 28.2 |Jun high C = 28.9 |Jul high C = 29.8 |Aug high C = 30.8 |Sep high C = 29.9 |Oct high C = 28.2 |Nov high C = 27.5 |Dec high C = 28.0 |year high C = 28.8 |Jan mean C = 23.8 |Feb mean C = 24.2 |Mar mean C = 24.0 |Apr mean C = 23.7 |May mean C = 23.8 |Jun mean C = 24.1 |Jul mean C = 24.5 |Aug mean C = 25.2 |Sep mean C = 24.6 |Oct mean C = 23.5 |Nov mean C = 23.1 |Dec mean C = 23.3 |year mean C = 24.0 |Jan low C = 18.8 |Feb low C = 19.3 |Mar low C = 19.3 |Apr low C = 19.3 |May low C = 19.3 |Jun low C = 19.1 |Jul low C = 18.9 |Aug low C = 19.2 |Sep low C = 19.0 |Oct low C = 19.0 |Nov low C = 19.0 |Dec low C = 18.9 |year low C = 19.1 |Jan record low C = 15.3 |Feb record low C = 15.2 |Mar record low C = 14.8 |Apr record low C = 15.6 |May record low C = 16.2 |Jun record low C = 15.2 |Jul record low C = 15.2 |Aug record low C = 10.6 |Sep record low C = 14.4 |Oct record low C = 16.0 |Nov record low C = 15.2 |Dec record low C = 15.4 |year record low C = 10.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 86.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 109.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 138.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 227.1 |May precipitation mm = 228.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 110.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 75.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 78.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 149.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 205.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 173.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 108.6 |year precipitation mm = 1691.4 |Jan humidity = 77 |Feb humidity = 77 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 81 |May humidity = 81 |Jun humidity = 77 |Jul humidity = 70 |Aug humidity = 66 |Sep humidity = 72 |Oct humidity = 80 |Nov humidity = 83 |Dec humidity = 81 |year humidity = 77 |unit precipitation days = |Jan precipitation days = 12 |Feb precipitation days = 13 |Mar precipitation days = 16 |Apr precipitation days = 20 |May precipitation days = 19 |Jun precipitation days = 12 |Jul precipitation days = 10 |Aug precipitation days = 10 |Sep precipitation days = 14 |Oct precipitation days = 19 |Nov precipitation days = 19 |Dec precipitation days = 14 |year precipitation days = 177 |Jan sun = 179.8 |Feb sun = 144.1 |Mar sun = 139.5 |Apr sun = 138.0 |May sun = 155.0 |Jun sun = 168.0 |Jul sun = 192.2 |Aug sun = 195.3 |Sep sun = 180.0 |Oct sun = 158.1 |Nov sun = 141.0 |Dec sun = 164.3 |year sun = 1955.3 |Jand sun = 5.8 |Febd sun = 5.1 |Mard sun = 4.5 |Aprd sun = 4.6 |Mayd sun = 5.0 |Jund sun = 5.6 |Juld sun = 6.2 |Augd sun = 6.3 |Sepd sun = 6.0 |Octd sun = 5.1 |Novd sun = 4.7 |Decd sun = 5.3 |yeard sun = 5.3 |source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM1>{{cite web |url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%20Climatol%C3%B3gicos%20%201981%20-%202010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 |archivedate=15 August 2016 |title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010 |publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales |language=Spanish |accessdate=16 August 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=IDEAM2>{{cite web |url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1971+-+2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030409/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1971%2B-%2B2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af |archivedate=15 August 2016 |title=Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000 |publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales |language=Spanish |accessdate=16 August 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030620/http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima | archivedate = 15 August 2016 | title = Tiempo y Clima | publisher = Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales | language = Spanish | accessdate = 16 August 2016}}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} ==Notable people== Ibagué is the birthplace of painter [[Dario Ortiz (artist)|Darío Ortiz Robledo]],<ref>[http://www.elespectador.com/entretenimiento/arteygente/articulo-dario-ortiz-abrio-su-ventana-al-mundo "Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'"], ''[[El Espectador]]'', September 29, 2008 {{es icon}}.</ref> [[Boxing|boxer]] [[Óscar Escandón]], [[singer]] [[Jairo Alberto Bocanegra Pena]], [[soprano]] [[Patricia Caicedo (Singer)|Patricia Caicedo]], actress [[Estefanía Gómez]], and novelist [[James Cañón]]. ==Sports== The Colombian Football Association announced that Ibagué will be one of the venue cities to host the [[2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670:copa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4:&Itemid=296 |title=Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016 |publisher=fcf.com.co/ |date=28 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012230/http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670%3Acopa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4%3A&Itemid=296 |archivedate=3 December 2013 |df= }}</ref> ==International relations== {{See also|List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America#Colombia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Colombia}} ===Twin towns – Sister cities=== Ibagué is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: * {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]], [[Spain]] ==References== {{reflist|22em}} ==External links== * {{commons category-inline|Ibagué}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Ibagué}} {{Municipalities tolima department}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibague}} [[Category:Populated places in the Tolima Department]] [[Category:Municipalities of Tolima Department]] [[Category:Capitals of Colombian departments]]'