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'{{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Philippine Executive Commission |native_name = ''Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Filipinas'' |common_name = the Philippines |continent = moved from Category:Asia to Southeast Asia |region = Southeast Asia |status = Provisional Government |empire = [[Empire of Japan]] |p1 = Commonwealth of the Philippines |flag_p1 = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg |s1 = Second Philippine Republic |flag_s1 = Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg |image_flag = Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg{{!}}border |flag = Flag of the Philippines |image_coat = |national_motto = |national_anthem = |image_map = Map_of_Philippines_Commonwealth_1909-1946.png |image_map_caption = Location of the Philippines in [[Southeast Asia]]. |capital = [[Manila]] <small>(1942–1943)</small> |common_languages = [[Filipino language|Filipino]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |government_type = [[Single-party]] [[Provisional government|provisional]] [[Caretaker government|caretaker government]] under [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[Military occupation|military administration]] |title_leader = [[Governor General of the Philippines#Japanese military governors (1942–1945)|Military Governor]] |leader1 = Masaharu Homma |year_leader1 = Jan. 3, 1942 – June 8, 1942 |leader2 = Shizuichi Tanaka |year_leader2 = June 8, 1942 – May 28, 1943 |leader3 = Shigenori Kuroda |year_leader3 = May 28, 1943 – Sept. 26, 1944 |title_deputy = [[Prime Minister of the Philippines|Chairman]] |deputy1 = Jorge B. Vargas |year_deputy1 = Jan. 23, 1942 – Oct. 14, 1943 |legislature = None ([[Martial law]]) |era = World War II |date_start = January 23 |year_start = 1942 |event_start = Beginning of the occupation |date_end = October 14 |year_end = 1943 |event_end = [[Second Philippine Republic|Republic proclaimed]] |stat_year1 = 1946 |stat_area1 = 343385.1 |stat_pop1= 18846800 |currency = [[Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat peso|Japanese government-issued Philippine peso]] }} The '''Philippine Executive Commission''' ('''PEC'''; [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]: ''Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Filipinas'')<ref>{{cite web|last1=Añonuevo|first1=Roberto|title=Paglingon sa Ugat ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino|url=http://www.kwf.gov.ph/test/kasaysayan/|publisher=Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino|accessdate=12 December 2017|language=Filipino|quote=Gayunman, noong 1942 ay inihayag ng Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Filipinas [Philippine Executive Commission] ang...|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312010945/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/test/kasaysayan/|archivedate=12 March 2015|df=}}</ref> was established on January 1942 with [[Jorge B. Vargas]] as its first Chairman. The PEC was created as the [[Provisional government|provisional]] [[caretaker government]] of the [[Greater Manila Area (historical city)|Greater Manila Area]] and eventually of the whole [[Philippines]] during the [[History of the Philippines#World War II and Japanese occupation|Japanese occupation of the country]] during [[World War II]]. The PEC formally abolished all political parties on December 8, 1942, by virtue of Proclamation No. 109 creating the ''"Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas"'' (Association for Service to the New Philippines) or better known as the '''[[KALIBAPI]]'''. The ''"KALIBAPI"'' was established to aim at the mental education, moral regeneration, physical invigoration, and economic rehabilitation of the Philippines under the guidance of the Japanese Military Administration. It was tasked to foster strong cooperation with the Japanese as part of the Order Great East Asia that promotes the lifting of the "great Oriental race." The ''"KALIBAPI"'' was appointed as a strong right arm of the Japanese occupational forces of the Philippines. ==Philippine's independence== ===Framing a Constitution=== [[File:Hideki Tojo lands in Manila.jpg|thumb|Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo landed in [[Nichols Field]], an airfield south of Manila, for state visit to the Philippines.]] On May 6, 1943, Japanese Premier [[Hideki Tojo]] during a visit to the Philippines pledged to establish the Republic of the Philippines. This pledge of Tojo prompted the ''"KALIBAPI,"'' to call for a convention on June 19, 1943, and twenty of its members were elected to form the Preparatory Commission for Independence. The commission tasked to draft a constitution for the Philippine Republic and elected head was [[José P. Laurel]]. The Preparatory Commission presented its draft Constitution on September 4, 1943, and three days later, the ''"KALIBAPI"'' general assembly ratified the draft Constitution. ===National legislature=== By September 20, 1943, the ''"KALIBAPI's"'' representative groups in the country's provinces and cities elected from among themselves fifty four (54) members of the Philippine National Assembly, the legislature of the country, with fifty four (54) governors and city mayors as ''ex officio'' members. Three days after establishing the National Assembly, its inaugural session was held at the pre-war Legislative Building and elected [[Benigno Aquino, Sr.]] as its first Speaker and José P. Laurel as President of the New Philippine Republic. ===Declaration of Independence=== The [[Second Philippine Republic|Japanese-sponsored establishment of the Republic of the Philippines]] was proclaimed on October 14, 1943, with José P. Laurel being sworn-in as President. On the same day, a ''"Pact of Alliance"'' was signed between the new Philippine Republic and the Japanese government that was ratified two days later by the National Assembly. The Philippine Republic was immediately recognized by Japan, and in the succeeding days by [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], [[Thailand]], [[Manchukuo]], [[State of Burma|Burma]], [[Independent State of Croatia|Croatia]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] while [[Neutral powers during World War II|neutral]] [[Francoist Spain|Spain]] sent its "greetings." The first act the National Assembly and the Laurel administration passed was the creation on December 3, 1943, the Food Administration Office that grouped together under its umbrella all existing food control agencies. The new administration that was crafted out of the establishment of a Japanese-sponsored Philippine Executive Commission was barely managing a food shortage that grappled the whole country, allocating basic food stuffs left available by the Japanese military who prioritized allocation in favor of sustaining their war efforts. ==See also== * [[Demographic History of the Philippines]] * [[Military History of the Philippines]] * [[Timeline of Philippine history]] * [[Japanese war crimes]] * [[Bataan Death March]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *"By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February-3 March 1945" by Alphonso J. Aluit (1994). Bookmark, Inc. 1994. {{ISBN|971-569-162-5}} [[Category:History of the Philippines (1898–1946)]] [[Category:National liberation movements]] [[Category:1942 establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:World War II occupied territories|Philippines]] [[Category:History of Manila]] [[Category:Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan]] [[Category:Philippines in World War II]]'