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'{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} '''Indian Gorkhas''' ({{lang-ne|भारतीय गोर्खा}}, '''Bharatiya Gorkha''') also known as '''Nepali-Indian''' ({{lang-ne|नेपाली भारतीय}}) are ''[[Nepali language]]-speaking [[Indian people|Indians]]''. The term "Indian Gorkha" is used to differentiate the [[Gorkhas]] of [[India]] from the [[Gurkhas]] of [[Nepal]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110519065925/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/3/9/00004432.pdf India and Nepal. Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Signed at Kathmandu, on 31 July 1950]. untreaty.un.org</ref> Indian Gorkhas are citizens of India as per the gazette notification of the Government of India on the issue of citizenship of the Gorkhas of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gorkhalandstate.blogspot.com/p/gazette-notification-on-issue-of.html|title=Gorkhaland: Gazette Notification on the Issue of Citizenship of Gorkhas|website=Gorkhaland|access-date=2018-06-01}}</ref> However, the Indian Gorkhas are faced with a unique identity crisis with regard to their Indian citizenship because of the [[1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship|Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1950)]] that permits "on a reciprocal basis, the nationals of one country in the territories of the other the same privileges in the matter of residence, ownership of property, participation in trade and commerce, movement and other privileges of a similar nature". Thus, there are also many Nepalese citizens of [[Nepal]] living in India. Therefore, the Nepali-speaking Indian citizens are mistakenly identified as Nepalese citizens.<ref>http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/opinions/political/5163-flawed-media-reporting-hurts-gorkha-community-.html ‘Flawed’ media reporting hurts Gorkha community</ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2018}} ==Ethnicities and castes== The Indian Gorkhas are a mixture of castes and tribal-ethnic clans. The caste groups include the [[Khas people|Khas-Parbatiyas]] including [[Bahun]] (Brahmins), [[Chhetri]], [[Kami (caste)|Kami]], [[Damai]], [[Sarki (ethnic group)|Sarki]], etc. There is a considerable presence of [[Newar people|Newar (Pradhan)]]. [[Gurung]], [[Magars|Magar]], [[Tamang]], [[Thami]], [[Bhujel|Bhujel (Khawas)]], [[Rai people|Rai (Khambu)]], [[Limbu people|Limbu (Subba)]], [[Sunuwar|Sunuwar (Mukhia)]], [[Yakkha|Yakkha (Dewan)]], [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]], and [[Yolmo people|Yolmo]] ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gorkhas and Gorkhaland |year=2012 |publisher=Parbati Roy Foundation |location=Darjeeling, India |url=http://barunroy.com/the-librar/all-written-works/gorkhas-and-gorkhaland/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130110164033/http://barunroy.com/the-librar/all-written-works/gorkhas-and-gorkhaland/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2013-01-10 |author=Barun Roy }}</ref> Although each of them have their own language (belonging to the [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] or Indo-Aryan languages), the [[lingua franca]] among the Gorkhas is the [[Nepali language]] with its script in [[Devnagari]], is one of the [[Languages with official status in India|official languages of India]]. ==Population== As per the 2011 Census, a total of 2,926,168 people in India spoke Nepali as mother tongue. The largest populations can be found in West Bengal - 1,155,375 (+12.97% from 2001 Census), Assam - 596,210 (+5.56%), Uttarakhand - 106,399 (+16.86%), Sikkim - 382,200 (+12.87%), Arunachal Pradesh - 95,317 (+00.42%), HP - 89,508 (+27.37%), Maharashtra - 75,683 (+19.22%), Meghalaya - 54,716 (+4.91%), Manipur - 63,756 (+38.61%), Nagaland - 43,481 (+27.06%), and Mizoram - 8,994 (+0.51%)<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-A.pdf</ref>. Apart from this, there are additional speakers of languages such as Limbu (40,835), Rai (15,644), Sherpa (16,012) and Tamang (20,154). So the combined strength of Nepali and the other four Gorkha languages comes to 3,018,813<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Part-B.pdf</ref>. As per the 2001 Census, a total of 2,871,749 people in India spoke Nepali as mother tongue. As per the 1991 Census, this figure was 2,076,645. The largest populations can be found in West Bengal - 1,022,725 (+18.87% from 1991 Census), Assam - 564,790 (+30.58%), UP / Uttarakhand - 355,029 (+255.53%), Sikkim - 338,606 (+32.05%), Arunachal Pradesh - 94,919 (+16.93%), HP - 70,272 (+50.64%), Maharashtra - 63,480 (+59.69%), Meghalaya - 52,155 (+6.04%), Manipur - 45,998 (-1.08%), Nagaland - 34,222 (+6.04%), and Mizoram - 8,948 (+8.50%). ===Arunachal Pradesh=== As per the 2001 Census, districts with the largest [[Nepal]]i populations are West Kameng - 13,580 (18.2% of the total population) Lohit - 22,200 (15.77%), and Dibang Valley - 15,452 (26.77%). Tehsils with the largest proportion of Nepalis are Koronu (55.35%), Kibithoo (50.68%), Sunpura (42.28%), Vijoynagar (42.13%), and Roing (32.39%). As per the 2011 Census, districts with the largest [[Nepal]]i populations are West Kameng - 14,333 (17.1% of the total population) Lohit - 22,988 (13.77%), and Dibang Valley - 14,271 (22.99%). Tehsils with the largest proportion of Nepalis are Koronu (48.49%), Kibithoo (6.5%), Sunpura (34.47%), Vijoynagar (41.8%), and Roing (26.0%). ===Assam=== As per the 2001 Census, districts with the largest [[Nepal]]i populations are Sonitpur - 131,261 (7.81% of the total population) Tinsukia - 87,850 (7.64%), and Karbi Anglong - 46,871 (5.76%). Tehsils with the largest proportion of Nepalis are Sadiya (27.51%), Na Duar (16.39%), Helem (15.43%), Margherita (13.10%), and Umrangso (12.37%). As per the 2011 Census, districts with the largest [[Nepal]]i populations are Sonitpur - 135,525 (7.04% of the total population) Tinsukia - 99,812 (7.52%), and Karbi Anglong - 51,496 (5.38%). Tehsils with the largest proportion of Nepalis are Sadiya (26.2%), Na Duar (14.88%), Helem (14.35%), Margherita (13.47%), and Umrangso (12.46%). ===West Bengal=== As per the 2001 Census, there are a total of 1,034,038 [[Nepalis]] in WB, of which 1,022,725 are speakers of the Nepali language and 11,313 are speakers of languages such as Tamang and Sherpa. districts with the largest Nepali populations are Darjeeling - 748,023 (46.48% of the total population) and Jalpaiguri - 234,500 (6.99%). About 7.56% of the Nepalis were Dalit, belonging to castes such as Kami and Sarki (population of 78,202 in 2001). The two tribes classified as Scheduled Tribe (Limbu and Tamang) constituted 16% of the Nepali population according to the census. The remaining 76% belonged to general category. As per the 2011 Census, there were a total of 1,161,807 speakers of various Nepalese languages. Out of this 7.24% was Dalit (84,110) and 16.62% (193,050) were tribal Tamang/Limbu. Remaining 76.14% were General category. ===Sikkim=== As per the 2011 Census, there were a total of 453,819 speakers of various Nepalese languages (Nepali - 382,200, Limbu - 38,733, Sherpa - 13,681, Tamang - 11,734 and Rai - 7,471). Out of this, 20.14% (91,399) were tribal Limbu/Tamang, 6.23% (28,275) were Dalit and 73.63% were General category. According to the census, there are a total of 53,703 Limbu and 37,696 Tamang in Sikkim, of whom a majority speak the [[Nepali language]] as their mother tongue. Also, small numbers of Bhotia and Lepcha also speak the Nepali language as their mother tongue. As per the 2011 Census, there were a total of 69,598 Bhotia in Sikkim (including Sherpa, Tibetan.etc), but only 58,355 were speaking languages such as Sikkimese and Sherpa. Out of the 42,909 Lepcha there were only 38,313 speakers for the Lepcha language. ===Manipur=== As per the 2011 census, Tehsils with the largest proportion of [[Nepalis]] are Sadar Hills West (33.0%), Saitu-Gamphazol (9.54%), and [[Lamshang]] (10.85%). Districts with the largest Nepali population are Senapati - 39,039 (8.15%), Imphal West - 10,391 (2.01%) and Imphal East - 6,903 (1.51%). This is how the previous censuses counted the number of Nepali speakers in Manipur: *1961 Census: 13,571 *1971 Census: 26,381 *1981 Census: 37,046 *1991 Census: 46,500 *2001 Census: 45,998 (*) *2011 Census: 63,756 ==Notable persons== ===Actors=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Aditya Narayan]] – Indian Television Host & Actor son of [[Nepal]]i singer [[Udit Narayan]] and Deepa Narayan who hails from [[Nepal]] and [[Darjeeling]] * [[Bhumika Gurung]] - Television Actress and Model * [[Geetanjali Thapa]] – [[Bollywood]] actress ([[National Film Award for Best Actress]] recipient 2013) * [[Mala Sinha]] – Indian Bollywood actress in Nepali and Bengali cinemas * [[Pratibha Sinha]] – Bollywood Indian actress (daughter of actress [[Mala Sinha]] and Nepali actor C.P. Lohani) * [[Rewati Chetri]] - Model and actress * [[Shivani Giri]] - Nepalese Model and actress from [[Sikkim]] {{div col end}} ===Cinematographers=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Binod Pradhan]] {{div col end}} ===Military=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Major]] [[Durga Malla]] – [[Indian freedom fighter|Indian Freedom Fighter]] * [[Captain]] [[Ram Singh Thakuri]] – Indian Freedom Fighter * [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] [[Dhan Singh Thapa]] – [[Param Vir Chakra]] recipient * [[Brigadier]] [[Sher Jung Thapa]] (Hero of Skardu) [[Mahavir Chakra]] recipient who saved Leh-Ladakh in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] * [[Trilochan Pokhrel]] – Indian freedom fighter * Brijesh Thapa - [[Dag Hammarskjöld Medal]] ([[Posthumous recognition|posthumous award]] given by the [[United Nations]]) * Lt General Ram Singh Pradhan, AVSM,SM,VSM. Para Special Forces. {{div col end}} *Lieutenant General Shakti Gurung, UYSM, AVSM, VSMA ===Musicians=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Hira Devi Waiba]] - Pioneer of Nepali folk songs, singer * [[Navneet Aditya Waiba]] - Folk singer * [[Aruna Lama]] - Nepali Singer from [[Darjeeling]] * [[Gopal Yonzon]] - Singer, musician, playwrighter * [[Karma Yonzon]] - Composer, singer, producer * [[Shanti Thatal]] - Composer, singer, producer * [[Bipul Chettri]] - Singer, composer * [[Louis Banks]] - Jazz musician * [[Prashant Tamang]] - Singer, actor, winner of [[Indian Idol]] Season 3 * [[Ranjit Gazmer]] - Bollywood film musician * [[Adrian Pradhan]] - Singer, songwriter, guitarist. Former [[1974 AD]] member of Nepal * [[Phiroj Shyangden (Nepali Musician)|Phiroj Shyangden]] - Singer, songwriter, guitarist. Former founding member [[1974 AD]] Band of [[Nepal]] * [[Shekinah Mukhiya]] - singer Finalist of reality show [[Voice India Kids]] from [[Dehradun]][[Col.Brown Cambridge]] school. {{div col end}} Tenzing Sherpa ( Mountainer Everester) Dhansingh Thapa ( Hockey) Bharat Chhetri ( Hokey Captain) Chandra Singh Rawat ( Football) Captain Bhaichung Bhutia (Football) Captain Sunil Chhetri (Football ) Captain Ganu Giri Boxing Jitu Rai Shooting ====Athletics==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Basanta Bahadur Rana]] - [[Racewalker]] {{div col end}} ==== Kickboxing ==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Sushmita Rai|Sushmita Rai Sampang]] {{div col end}} ====Archery==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Tarundeep Rai]] - [[Archer]], [[Asian Games]] 2011 silver medalist, [[Arjuna Award]] recipient 2005) * Liram Lepcha - National Champion - West Bengal {{div col end}} ====Boxing==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Shiva Thapa]] - Boxer (youngest Indian boxer to qualify for the Olympic Games) {{div col end}} ====Cricket==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Jay Bista]] - Cricketer * [[Gokul Sharma]] - Captain of [[Assam cricket team]] {{div col end}} ====Football==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Shyam Thapa]] - footballer * [[Ashish Chettri]] - footballer * [[Anirudh Thapa]]- footballer * [[Bijendra Rai]] - footballer * [[Israil Gurung]] - footballer * [[Lalit Thapa]] - goalkeeper * [[Kamal Thapa (footballer)|Kamal Thapa]] - footballer * [[Mobin Rai]] - footballer * [[Nagen Tamang]] - footballer * [[Nirmal Chettri]] – footballer * [[Nim Lepcha]] - footballer * [[Nima Tamang]] - footballer * [[Robin Gurung]] - footballer * [[Sanju Pradhan]] – footballer, [[Mumbai City FC]] * [[Sunil Chhetri]] – Captain of the [[India national football team|Indian Football team]] ([[Arjuna Award]] recipient 2011) * [[Vinit Rai]] - footballer * [[Uttam Rai]] - footballer * [[Baichung Bhutia]] - footballer -former Indian Captain {{div col end}} ====Hockey==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Bharat Chettri]] – Hockey player (former captain of Indian hockey team) {{div col end}} ====Shooting==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Jitu Rai]] - Shooter , [[Arjuna Award]] * [[Pemba Tamang]] - Shooter {{div col end}} ===Writers=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Indra Bahadur Rai]] – [[Nepali language|Nepali]] writer and literary critic from [[Darjeeling]], [[India]]. * [[Hari Prasad Gorkha Rai]] * [[Kumar Pradhan]] * [[Lil Bahadur Chettri]] * [[Prajwal Parajuly]] – English language writer and novelist * [[Ganga Prasad Pradhan]] - Translator of the Nepali Bible, co-author of an English-Nepali dictionary, author of children's textbooks. * Ramlal Adhikari - Former head of Nepali deptartment. [[Darjeeling_Government_College|Darjeeling Government College ]] - conferred with [[Sahitya Academy]] Year-2000 * Manprasad Subba -1998 Poet [[Sahitya Academy]] receiver * [[Parijat]] real name [[Bishnu Kumari Waiba]] - Original writer of [[The Blue Mimosa]] Birthplace [[Darjeeling]] * Indra Sundas - Writer, poet, literary critic and translator of several Bengal Books into Nepali - [[Sahitya Academy]] Birthplace [[Kurseong]] {{div col end}} ===Politicians=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Chobilal Upadhyaya]] - first president of the [[Assam Pradesh Congress Committee]] * [[B. B. Gurung]] - third [[Chief Minister]] of [[Sikkim]]. * [[Bimal Gurung]]- Leader of [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] (GJM) * [[Damber Singh Gurung]] – Indian Gorkha representative in the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] * [[Dawa Narbula ]] – Member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] * [[Madan Tamang]] –Former President of [[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League]] (ABGL) * [[Moni Kumar Subba]] - Member of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] , [[Assam]] * [[Nar Bahadur Bhandari]] – Former Chief Minister of [[Sikkim]] * [[Ram Prasad Sharma]] - [[Member of parliament|MP]] of [[Tezpur]] * [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] – Chief Minister of [[Sikkim]] * [[Prasanta Pradhan]] - [[CPI(M)]] Leader * [[Prem Das Rai]] – [[Member of Parliament]] * [[Subhash Ghisingh]] - Founder of [[Gorkhaland|Gorkhaland Movement in India]] and founder of political party [[Gorkha National Liberation Front|GNLF]] * [[Binay Tamang]] - Chairman of [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]] * [[George Mahabert Subba]] - First [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Siliguri * [[Dil Kumari Bhandari]] - former and first women [[member of parliament]] from [[Sikkim]]. Wife of former [[Chief Minister]] of [[Sikkim]] [[Nar_Bahadur_Bhandari|Narbahadur Bhandari]]. Birthplace [[Darjeeling]] * [[Shanta Chhetri]]– [[Member of Parliament]] {{div col end}} ===Others=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Hira Devi Waiba]] – Nepali language folk singer * [[Mahendra P. Lama]] – Founding vice-chancellor of [[Sikkim University]] * [[Soumya Rai]] – Dancer * [[Rangu Souriya]] – Social worker {{div col end}} ==See also== * [[Gorkhaland]] * [[Gurkha]] * [[Nepalis]] * [[Gorkha Kingdom]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Nepalese diaspora}} [[Category:Indian people]] [[Category:Gorkhaland]] [[Category:Indian people of Nepalese descent|*]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Nepali language]] [[Category:Nepalese emigrants to India]] [[Category:Nepalese diaspora in Asia]] [[Category:Nepalese diaspora by country]] [[Category:Nepalese people]]'