Edit filter log

'{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{for|the language|Pintupi dialect}} The '''Pintupi''' are an [[Australian Aboriginal]] group who are part of the [[Western Desert cultural bloc|Western Desert]] cultural group and whose homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and [[Lake Mackay]] in [[Western Australia]]. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of [[Papunya]] and [[Haasts Bluff]] in the west of the [[Northern Territory]] in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert, in 1984, are a group known as the [[Pintupi Nine]], also sometimes called the "lost tribe". Over recent decades groups of Pintupi have moved back to their traditional country, as part of what has come to be called the [[outstation movement]]. These groups set up the communities of [[Kintore, Northern Territory|Kintore]] (''Wa<u>l</u>ungurru'' in [[Pintupi language|Pintupi]]) in the [[Northern Territory]], [[Kiwirrkurra, Western Australia|Kiwirrkura]] and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi: ''Puntutjarrpa'') in [[Western Australia]]. There was also a recent dramatic increase in Pintupi populations and speakers of the Pintupi language.{{sfn|Ethnologue}}shit ==Country== Pintupi lands, in [[Norman Tindale|Tindale]]'s estimation, spread over roughly {{convert|8,000|mi2|km2}}, embracing the areas of [[Lake Mackay]], [[Lake Macdonald]], Mount Russell, the Ehrenberg and [[Kintore, Northern Territory|Kintore]] ranges and Warman Rocks. Their western extension ran to near Winbaruku, while their southern frontier was in the vicinity of Johnstone Hill.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=235}} ==History== Inhabiting a very remote part of Australia, the Pintupi were among the last Aboriginal Australians to leave their traditional lifestyle. For many, this occurred as a result of the [[Blue Streak missile]] tests which began in the 1960s. As these missiles would have a trajectory landing in the desert areas known to still be inhabited, government officials decided that these people should be relocated. A number of trips were made to the area and Aboriginal people were located and moved (or encouraged to move) into one of the settlements on the eastern fringe of the desert, such as [[Haasts Bluff]], [[Hermannsburg, Northern Territory|Hermannsburg]] and [[Papunya]]. As a result of different people leaving the desert at different times and in different directions, Pintupi have wound up living at a variety of communities around the edge of the desert, including [[Warburton, Western Australia|Warburton]], [[Kaltukatjara, Northern Territory|Kaltukatjara]] (formerly known as Docker River), [[Balgo, Western Australia|Balgo]] and [[Mulan Community, Western Australia|Mulan]], but the majority reside at the major Pintupi communities of Kintore, Kiwirrkura and Papunya. In the 1960s, the [[Robert Menzies|Menzies]] [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] government forced the removal of traditional-living Pintupi to settlements east of their country, closer to [[Alice Springs]]. The government argued that they were not ready to live in modern society and needed to be re-educated before [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] into white society. In practice, this meant relocation from their traditional lands and suppression of their [[Pintupi language|language]], art and culture. This policy also involved the forced removal of thousands of Aboriginal children from their parents and their dispersal into government or religious institutions or foster care (see [[Stolen Generation]]). At [[Papunya]], a government settlement, Pintupi mixed with [[Warlpiri language|Warlpiri]], [[Arrernte language|Arrernte]], [[Anmatyerre]] and [[Luritja]] language groups, but formed the largest language group. Conditions were so bad that 129 people, or almost one-sixth of the residents, died of treatable diseases such as [[hepatitis]], [[meningitis]] and [[encephalitis]] between 1962 and 1966{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}. ==Pintupi kinship== {{main|Australian Aboriginal kinship}} In common with neighbouring groups, such as the [[Warlpiri people|Warlpiri]], the Pintupi have a complex [[Australian Aboriginal kinship|kinship system]], with eight different kin groups, made more so by distinct prefixes for male and female skin names; "Tj" for males, "N" for females:{{efn|Of the contiguous [[Ngalia people|Ngalia]] and [[Yumu]], Fry writes that the system of subsection names were those of the [[Luritja]], consisting of the [[Aranda language|Aranda]] terms prefixed with ''ta'' for males, and ''na' for females.{{sfn|Fry|1934|p=472}}}} ==Prominent Pintupi== {{main|Papunya Tula}} {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * [[Anatjari Tjakamarra]] * [[Kaapa Tjampitjinpa]] * [[Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri]] * [[Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri]] * [[Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri]] * [[Timmy Payungka Tjapangati]] * [[Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula]] * [[Eileen Napaltjarri]] * [[Tjunkiya Napaltjarri]] * [[Wintjiya Napaltjarri]] * [[Makinti Napanangka]] * [[Naata Nungurrayi]] {{div col end}} ==See also== * [[Geoff Bardon]] * [[Bindibu expedition]] * [[Honey ant dreaming]] * [[Pintupi language]] * [[Pintupi Nine]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124507/http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/pmackett/web/patrol_1957.html native patrol report] * [http://recollections.nma.gov.au/issues/vol_1_no_2/exhibition_reviews/colliding_worlds/ National Museum of Australia journal] * [http://www.cifhs.com/ntrecords/ntpatrol/patrol_1957.html Report on Patrol to Lake Mackay Area June / July 1957] * [http://www.cifhs.com/ntrecords/ntpatrol/patrolwas.html Patrols in Central Australia (Western Desert)] ==Sources== {{refbegin|35em}} *{{cite web| title = Ethnologue | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/PIU | ref = {{harvid|Ethnologue}} }} *{{Cite journal | title = Body and Soul: A Study from Western Central Australia | last = Fry | first = H. K. | author-link = Henry Fry (anthropologist) | journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]] | date = March 1933 | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 247–256 | jstor = 40327416 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | title = Kinship in Western Central Australia | last = Fry | first = H. K. | author-link = Henry Fry (anthropologist) | journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]] | date = June 1934 | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 472–478 | jstor = 27976165 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | title = The Politico-Historical Construction of the Pintupi Luritja and the Concept of Tribe | last = Holcombe | first = Sarah | journal = [[Oceania (journal)|Oceania]] | date = June 2004 | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 257–275 | jstor = 40332067 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | title = WALAWURRU, The Giant Eaglehawk: Aboriginal Reminiscences of Aircraft in Central Australia 1921-1931 | last = Kimber | first = R.G. | journal = [[Aboriginal History]] | year = 1982 | volume = 6 | issue = 1/2 | pages = 49–60 | jstor = 24045547 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines | last = Myers | first = Fred R. | journal = Ethos | year = 1979 | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 343–370 | jstor = 640015 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | title = The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines | last = Myers | first = Fred R. | journal = [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|Man]] | date = December 1988 | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 589–610 | jstor = 2802595 | ref = harv }} *{{Cite book| chapter = Pintubi (NT) | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = [[Australian National University]] | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/pintubi.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | ref = harv }} {{refend}} {{Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory}} [[Category:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory]] [[Category:Pintupi]]'