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'{{For|other people of the same name|Sikandar Shah (disambiguation){{!}}Sikandar Shah}} {{Infobox royalty |name= Sikandar Shah |title= the exalted [[Sultan]], the wisest, the most just, the most liberal and most perfect of the Sultans of Arabia, Persia and India <br />[[Caliph]] of the Faithful |image= |caption= |succession=2nd [[Sultan of Bengal]] |reign=1358&ndash;1390 |predecessor= [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] |successor= [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]] |issue= [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]<br/>Seventeen other sons |father = [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] |mother = Fulmati Begum |royal house=[[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]] |religion =[[Islam]] |}} '''Abul Mujahid Sikandar Shah''' ({{lang-bn|আবুল মুজাহিদ সিকান্দর শাহ}}), commonly known as '''Sikandar Shah'''; also known as '''Alexander Shah''';<ref>http://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/heritage/2016/10/08/the-alexander-of-bangladesh/</ref> was the second [[Sultan of Bengal]] and the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]. He was the son of [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]]. Sikandar Shah continued to project the imperial ambitions of his father.<ref name="hudsoncress1">{{cite web |url=http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton,%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-06-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621201955/http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/history-travel/Eaton%2C%20Richard%20-%20The%20Rise%20of%20Islam%20and%20the%20Bengal%20Frontier.pdf |archivedate=2016-06-21 |df= }}</ref> He defeated the [[Sultan of Delhi]] in 1359.<ref name="m1" /> His reign is also noted for its grandoise [[Islamic architecture|architectural]] projects.<ref name=m1>Majummdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.201-3</ref> ==Reign== Sikandar Shah assumed the throne after the death of his father. He continued to consolidate and expand the territory of the [[Bengal Sultanate]], which had emerged as one of the leading powers in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The most significant event of his reign was the second invasion of Bengal by the Delhi Sultan [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] in 1359. The Tughluqs declared Zafar Khan Fars, a [[Persian people|Persian]] noble and son-in-law of [[Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah]], as the legitimate ruler of Bengal. Firuz Shah Tughluq led an army consisting of 80,000 cavalry, a large infantry and 470 elephants to Bengal. Sikandar Shah took refuge in the fortress of Ekdala, in the same way his father did earlier. The Delhi forces besieged the fort. The Bengal army strongly defended their stronghold until the start of the monsoon. Eventually, Sikandar Shah and Firuz Shah reached a peace treaty, in which Delhi recognized Bengal's independence and withdrew its armed forces.<ref name="banglapedia1">{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sikandar_Shah |title=Sikandar Shah - Banglapedia |publisher=En.banglapedia.org |date=2014-05-05 |accessdate=2016-05-09}}</ref> The reign of Sikandar Shah lasted for three decades. It was characterized by stability and prosperity. He constructed many grand buildings and mosques, including the [[Adina Mosque]], which was the largest mosque in the subcontinent.<ref name="hudsoncress1"/> The interior of the mosque, a pet project of the sultan, projected an aura of imperial majesty. To the immediate north of the central sanctuary is a raised platform, the “king’s throne”, which enabled the sultan and his entourage to pray at a height elevated above the common people. The mosque was built on a pre-Islamic structure, which is evident in the defaced Hindu and Buddhist sculptures on its exterior walls.<ref name="hudsoncress1"/> It is the largest and most important Islamic building in Bengal. Other structures built during his reign were the tomb and mosque of Akhi Sirajuddin, the Kotwali Gateway at the southern entrance of [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]], a vault at Ganagarampur, [[Dinajpur]] and a mosque at Mulla Simla, [[Hooghly district|Hughli]]. Known as sober and gentle, Sikandar Shah liked the association of learned persons and respected the clergy and Sufis. He continued the liberal and tolerant practices of his father.<ref name="banglapedia1"/> ==Succession== In 1390, one of Sikandar Shah's eighteen sons revolted and occupied [[Sonargaon]] and [[Satgaon]]. A war of succession raged. At the Battle of Goalpara, near the capital [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]], Sikandar Shah was killed by the forces led by his son, despite his son's orders that his father, the Sultan, should not be harmed in any way. That son then assumed the throne of Bengal as Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]].<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref> ==See also== *[[List of rulers of Bengal]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{succession box | before=[[Ilyas Shah]]| title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Sultan of Bengal]]| years=1358–1390| after=[[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]}} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Sikandar}} [[Category:Rulers of Bengal]] [[Category:Bengali Muslims]] [[Category:1390 deaths]] [[Category:Indian Muslims]] [[Category:14th-century Indian monarchs]] [[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]'