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'[[Image:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|right|A 21 mg dose patch applied to the left arm]] A '''nicotine patch''' is a [[transdermal patch]] that releases [[nicotine]] into the body through the skin. It is used in [[nicotine replacement therapy]] (NRT), a process for [[smoking cessation]]. Endorsed and approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), it is considered one of the safer NRTs available. ==Medical uses== A meta-analysis found that fewer than 20% of people treated with nicotine replacement therapy remain abstinent from smoking at one year.also it's been used by Benedict cumberbatch in the popular TV series "sherlock Holmes" in Netflix<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosen LJ, Galili T, Kott J, Goodman M, Freedman LS |title=Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Addiction |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=805–816 |date=May 2018 |pmid=29377409 |pmc=5947828 |doi=10.1111/add.14134 |url=}}</ref> ==History== The first study of the [[pharmacokinetics]] of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0376-8716(84)90061-9 | last1 = Rose | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Jarvik | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Rose | first3 = K. D. | title = Transdermal administration of nicotine | journal = Drug and Alcohol Dependence | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | pages = 209–213 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6734425}}</ref> by [[Jed Rose (scientist)|Jed Rose]], [[Murray Jarvik]], and Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rose | first1 = J. E. | last2 = Herskovic | first2 = J. E. | last3 = Trilling | first3 = Y. | last4 = Jarvik | first4 = M. E. | title = Transdermal nicotine reduces cigarette craving and nicotine preference | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 450–456 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4042528 | doi=10.1038/clpt.1985.203}}</ref> Frank Etscorn filed a patent in the [[United States]] on January the 23rd 1985 and was issued the patent on July 1, 1986.<ref>{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4597961 | status = | title = | pubdate = | gdate = | fdate = | pridate = | inventor =Etscorn, FT | invent1 = | invent2 = | assign1 = | assign2 = | class = }}</ref> The University of California filed a competing patent application nearly three years after Etscorn's filing on February the 19th, 1988, which was granted on May 1, 1990.<ref>{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4920989 }}</ref> Subsequently, the U.S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, after a thorough review of conception, reduction to practice and patent filing dates, issued on September 29, 1993 a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adverse Decisions in Interference|url=http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/1995/week08/patadve.htm|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=21 February 1995|publisher= Board of Patent Appeals & Interferences|author=OLIVIA M. DUVALL}}</ref> ==Research== Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of [[postoperative pain]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patch Decreases Post Surgical Pain|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/85508.php|publisher=MediLexicon International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=15 October 2007}}</ref> and to treat early [[dementia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patches Up Early Memory Loss In Study|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/01/09/144906236/nicotine-patches-up-early-memory-loss-in-study|accessdate=3 February 2014|date=9 January 2013}}</ref> Studies are being conducted about the use of transdermal nicotine patches to treat anxiety, depression, and inattentiveness in subjects with [[ADHD]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cocores,|first=James A.|title=Transdermal Nicotine in Adult ADHD With Depression and Anxiety|year=2008|pmc=2446482|pmid=18615164|volume=10|issue=3|journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry|pages=253–4|doi=10.4088/pcc.v10n0312f}}</ref> {{vs|date=August 2013}} and to treat late-life depression.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patch May Help Late-Life Depression|url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/894298|publisher=Medscape|accessdate=24 March 2018|date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Two small studies have shown that transdermal nicotine patches improve some symptoms of [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>Cheah, Matthew, and Reena Khanna. "Current Medical Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis." In Pouchitis and Ileal Pouch Disorders, pp. 1-15. Academic Press, 2019.</ref> However, this is not the case with [[Crohn's disease]], a similar health condition, where smoking and nicotine intake in general worsen the disease's effects. ==See also== * [[Smoking cessation]] * [[Nicotine replacement therapy]] * [[Nicotine lozenge]] * [[Nicotine gum]] * [[Transdermal patch]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Dosage forms|state=expanded}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotine Patch}} [[Category:American inventions]] [[Category:Smoking cessation]] [[Category:Transdermal patches]]'