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[ 0 => '{{Infobox scientist', 1 => '| name = Emily E. Brodsky', 2 => '| alma_mater = [[Harvard University]] <br> [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]', 3 => '| workplaces = [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]', 4 => '| known_for = Earthquake physics', 5 => '| awards = [[James B. Macelwane Medal]] (2008)', 6 => '}}', 7 => false, 8 => ''''Emily E. Brodsky''' is a Professor of Earth Sciences at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]. She studies the fundamental physical properties of [[earthquake]]<nowiki/>s, as well as the seismology of volcanoes and landslides. ', 9 => false, 10 => '== Early life and education ==', 11 => 'Brodsky earned her bachelor's degree [[Magna cum Laude]] at [[Harvard University]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meetup.com/UCSC-Prof-and-a-Pint-Lecture-Series/events/248771277/|title=Predict Earthquakes? Prof. Emily Brodsky on progress in the science|website=Meetup|language=en|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> Whilst there, she set up [[Harvard Undergraduate Television]]. Brodsky moved to California for her PhD, completing her doctorate in 2001. She worked on rectified diffusion theory, the mechanism that describes how strain waves pump [[Volatile organic compound|volatile organic compounds]] into bubbles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Brodsky|first=E. E.|last2=Sturtevant|first2=B.|last3=Kanamori|first3=H.|date=1998|title=Earthquakes, volcanoes, and rectified diffusion|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/98JB02130|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|language=en|volume=103|issue=B10|pages=23827–23838|doi=10.1029/98JB02130|issn=2156-2202}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sturtevant|first=Bradford|last2=Kanamori|first2=Hiroo|last3=Brodsky|first3=Emily E.|date=1996|title=Seismic triggering by rectified diffusion in geothermal systems|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/96JB02654|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|language=en|volume=101|issue=B11|pages=25269–25282|doi=10.1029/96JB02654|issn=2156-2202}}</ref> This can move dynamic strain from a volcanic tremor or tectonic earthquake to static strain inside a m[[Magma chamber|agma chamber]].<ref name=":0" /> Soon after graduating Brodsky joined the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]].', 12 => false, 13 => '== Research and career ==', 14 => 'Brodsky has extensively studied the physics of earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kanamori|first=Hiroo|last2=Brodsky|first2=Emily E|date=2004-07-13|title=The physics of earthquakes|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/67/8/R03|journal=Reports on Progress in Physics|volume=67|issue=8|pages=1429–1496|doi=10.1088/0034-4885/67/8/r03|issn=0034-4885}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://websites.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/emily_brodsky/research.php#triggering|title=People - UC Santa Cruz Seismology Laboratory|website=websites.pmc.ucsc.edu|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> She has investigated what causes earthquakes to trigger, as well as their [[hydrogeology]] and [[Fault Zone|fault zone]] structure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://websites.pmc.ucsc.edu/~seisweb/emily_brodsky/|title=People - UC Santa Cruz Seismology Laboratory|website=websites.pmc.ucsc.edu|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> The impact of earthquakes on subsequent earthquakes ('triggering') is still not well understood. Brodsky demonstrated that seismic waves can general locally seismic waves.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brodsky|first=Emily E.|last2=Karakostas|first2=Vassilis|last3=Kanamori|first3=Hiroo|date=2000-09-01|title=A new observation of dynamically triggered regional seismicity: Earthquakes in Greece following the August 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011534|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=27|issue=17|pages=2741–2744|doi=10.1029/2000gl011534|issn=0094-8276}}</ref> She found that dynamic stress waves from one earthquake can initiate further earthquakes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://honors.agu.org/winners/emily-e-brodsky/|title=Emily E. Brodsky|website=Honors Program|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> She has challenged the idea that static stress controls earthquake triggering, and found that aftershocks have similar distributions as main shocks.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brodsky|first=Emily E.|last2=Felzer|first2=Karen R.|date=2006-06-08|title=Decay of aftershock density with distance indicates triggering by dynamic stress|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jb300ff|language=en|volume=441}}</ref> She showed that using the amplitude of previous earthquakes it is possible to predict [[Earthquake prediction|earthquake]] triggering at all distances.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Elst|first=Nicholas J.|last2=Brodsky|first2=Emily E.|date=2010-07-29|title=Connecting near-field and far-field earthquake triggering to dynamic strain|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006681|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=115|issue=B7|doi=10.1029/2009jb006681|issn=0148-0227}}</ref> By studying the [[Salton Sea geothermal energy|Salton Sea geothermal]] field, Brodsky showed that there was a relationship between human and seismic activity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lajoie|first=Lia J.|last2=Brodsky|first2=Emily E.|date=2013-08-02|title=Anthropogenic Seismicity Rates and Operational Parameters at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/543|journal=Science|language=en|volume=341|issue=6145|pages=543–546|doi=10.1126/science.1239213|issn=0036-8075|pmid=23845943}}</ref> Fault slips can cause nearby rocks to fracture, changing the shape of the surface underneath them and turning the rocks on the floor into powder.', 15 => false, 16 => 'She became interested in the [[Permeability (earth sciences)|permeability]] of fractured rocks, demonstrating that seismic waves can unclog fractures.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elkhoury|first=Jean E.|last2=Brodsky|first2=Emily E.|last3=Agnew|first3=Duncan C.|date=2006|title=Seismic waves increase permeability|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04798|journal=Nature|volume=441|issue=7097|pages=1135–1138|doi=10.1038/nature04798|issn=0028-0836|via=}}</ref> Brodsky identified that the build up of pressure can causes changes in [[groundwater]] during earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brodsky|first=Emily E.|last2=Roeloffs|first2=Evelyn|last3=Woodcock|first3=Douglas|last4=Gall|first4=Ivan|last5=Manga|first5=Michael|date=2003|title=A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2002JB002321|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|language=en|volume=108|issue=B8|doi=10.1029/2002JB002321|issn=2156-2202}}</ref> After [[Earthquake|earthquakes]], Brodsky drills deep within the [[Fault Zone|fault zone]] to monitor the temperature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/voices/brodsky2.jsp|title=Voices From the Future: Conversation With Emily E. Brodsky {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> She studied the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]], finding a series of temperature pulses that occur due to the flow of fluids through a zone of increased [[Permeability (earth sciences)|permeability]]. Immediately after an earthquake, the fault zone can be damaged and have higher permeability, but heals within a few months.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Yao|last2=Sun|first2=Zhi-Ming|last3=Yang|first3=Guang|last4=Zhang|first4=Wei|last5=Pei|first5=Jun-Ling|last6=Si|first6=Jia-Liang|last7=Mori|first7=James J.|last8=Wang|first8=Huan|last9=Kano|first9=Yasuyuki|date=2013-06-28|title=Continuous Permeability Measurements Record Healing Inside the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/340/6140/1555|journal=Science|language=en|volume=340|issue=6140|pages=1555–1559|doi=10.1126/science.1237237|issn=0036-8075|pmid=23812711}}</ref> Generally, earthquakes are triggered when tectonic stress overcomes friction, and Brodsky became interested in what causes this friction in the first place. Brodsky has shown that the coefficient of friction after the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] was considerably lower than expected.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Expedition 343|first=343t|last2=Toczko|first2=S.|last3=Eguchi|first3=N.|last4=Lin|first4=W.|last5=Harris|first5=R. N.|last6=Ishikawa|first6=T.|last7=Chester|first7=F.|last8=Mori|first8=J.|last9=Kano|first9=Y.|date=2013-12-06|title=Low Coseismic Friction on the Tohoku-Oki Fault Determined from Temperature Measurements|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6163/1214|journal=Science|language=en|volume=342|issue=6163|pages=1214–1217|doi=10.1126/science.1243641|issn=0036-8075|pmid=24311684}}</ref> ', 17 => false, 18 => 'Alongside earthquakes, Brodsky studies [[Volcano|volcanoes]], [[Geyser|geysers]], [[Landslide|landslides]] and rivers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Manga|first=Michael|last2=Brodsky|first2=Emily|date=2006|title=SEISMIC TRIGGERING OF ERUPTIONS IN THE FAR FIELD: Volcanoes and Geysers|url=https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125125|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences|volume=34|issue=1|pages=263–291|doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125125}}</ref> Occasionally, volcanoes are triggered by distant earthquakes. Brodsky predicted that, alongside growth of bubbles and overturn of magma chambers, [[Volcano|volcanoes]] could be triggered by failure of rocks surrounding a [[magma chamber]].<ref name=":2" />', 19 => false, 20 => 'Alongside her research, Brodsky serves on the board of directors for the [[Southern California Earthquake Center]] and the [[IRIS Consortium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alumni.ucsc.edu/events/regional-events/2018/04/AprilProfandaPint.html|title=What We Can and Cannot Predict about Earthquakes|last=|first=|date=|website=alumni.ucsc.edu|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>', 21 => false, 22 => '=== Awards ===', 23 => 'Her awards and honours include;', 24 => false, 25 => '* 2005 [[Seismological Society of America]] Charles Richter Early Career Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seismosoc.org/award/charles-f-richter-early-career-award/page/3/|title=Charles F. Richter Early Career Award {{!}} Seismological Society of America - Part 3|website=www.seismosoc.org|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>', 26 => '* 2008 [[American Geophysical Union]] [[James B. Macelwane Medal]]<ref name=":1" />', 27 => '* 2009 [[National Science Foundation]] Earthscope Distinguished Lecturer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/voices/emily_brodsky.jsp|title=Voices From the Future: Emily E. Brodsky - Earthquakes Triggered By Seismic Waves {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation|website=www.nsf.gov|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>', 28 => '* 2017 [[International Ocean Discovery Program]] Ocean Discovery Distinguished Lecturer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usoceandiscovery.org/past-distinguished-lecturers/|title=Past Distinguished Lecturers|website=U.S. Science Support Program|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>', 29 => false, 30 => '== References ==' ]