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'{{Short description|Bosnian city}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} {{Replace|{{Infobox settlement |name = Zenica |official_name = ''{{Lang|sh|Grad Zenica}}''{{\}}{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Град Зеница}}<br>City of Zenica {{!}} Zenica City<!-- note that when City capitalized in Zenica City it denotes The City of Zenica, and when not in Zenica city it denotes the city as settled place --> |native_name = ''{{Lang|sh|Zenica}}''/{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Зеница}} |other_name = Zenica city |native_name_lang = sh |etymology = from [[Proto-Slavic]] ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zěnica|zěnica]]'' ("pupil") |nickname = Nicaze |motto = Modern, European, regional center<!-- per official City Mayor statement, as seen on his archived official web-page; cited as ref here too: https://web.archive.org/web/20180323050710/http://fuadkasumovic.ba/ --> |settlement_type = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|City]] |image_skyline = Zenica (collage image).jpg |image_alt = Zenica main infobox image placeholder text |imagesize = 255px |image_caption = Zenica, collage<br /><small>''From top to bottom, left to right:''</small> [[Bilino Polje Stadium]], Old Čaršija, [[Fortress Vranduk]], čaršija (by the bazaar), old bazaar and [[Kočeva mosque (Zenica)|Kočeva mosque]], panorama with the view on [[river Bosna]], settlements Jalija and Bilimišće, and Krč rocks |image_flag = Flag of Zenica.svg |flag_alt = Zenica flag image placeholder text |flag_size = |image_shield = Coat of arms of Zenica.svg |shield_alt = Zenica CoA image placeholder text |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina <!-- the name of a location map as per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Bosnia and Herzegovina |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{BIH}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]] |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Zenica-Doboj Canton|Zenica-Doboj]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] |leader_name = [[Fuad Kasumović]] |governing_body = {{Abbr|Council|The Council of the City of Zenica}} |established_title = Earliest findings |established_date = 3,000–2,000 B.C.<br><small>(Drivuša, Gradišće)</small> |established_title1 = First name |established_date1 = 2nd–4th century<br><small>(''{{Lang|la|Bistua Nuova}}'')</small> |established_title2 = Current name |established_date2 = 20 March 1436<br><small>(''Zenica'')</small> |established_title3 = 1st Mayor |established_date3 = before 1908<br><small>(Ahmetaga Mutapčić)</small> |established_title4 = Municipality became City |established_date4 = 20 November 2014<br><small>(''Zenica City'')</small> |established_title5 = |established_date5 = |area_total_km2 = 558.5 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion --> |area_urban_km2 = 43.01 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 310–350 |elevation_ft = 1,017–1,148 |population_as_of = [[2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|2013]] |population_urban = {{decrease|Fall (25,474 in relation to 1991)}} 70,553<ref name="p2013"/> |population_total = 110,663 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_demonym = Zenican <small>([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]: {{Lang|sh-Latn|Zeničanin}}{{\}}{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Зеничанин}})</small> |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates = {{coord|44|12|14|N|17|54|28|E|region:BA|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = BIH-72 000<br><small>(for whole Zenica City, including Zenica city)</small><br>BIH-72 100<br><small>(for Zenica city only as settled place)</small> |area_code = +387 32 |website = {{URL|http://www.zenica.ba}} }}|1,991|1991}} '''Zenica''' ({{Lang-sh-Cyrl|Зеница}}; {{IPA-sh|zě.ni.tsa|sh|Sh-Zenica.oga}}<!--also because of the accent don't remove this; some people say incorrectly with short falling tone on ze and it is short ascending-->), an administrative center and a seat of the '''City of Zenica''' ({{Lang-sh-Latn|Grad Zenica}}{{\}}{{Lang-sh-Cyrl|Град Зеница}}), is a [[city]], [[urban settlement]] and [[human settlement#Bosnia and Herzegovina|settled place]], administrative and economic center of the [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]] and – as a settled place – a center of the same-named City in the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] entity of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is located in the valley of [[river Bosna]], about {{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the country's capital [[Sarajevo]]. The city is known for [[Ironworks Zenica]] and the second heavy industry but also as a significant [[University of Zenica|university]] center. According to the final results of [[2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|2013 population census in BiH]], the settled place Zenica counts 70,553 citizens and the Zenica City 110,663.<ref name="p2013"/> The urban part of the today city formed in several phases, including Neolithic, Illyrian, Roman Municipium '''''Bistua Nuova''''' (2nd–4th century; old name of the city) with early Christian dual [[basilica]]. Traces of an ancient settlement have been found here; [[villa rustica]], thermae, temple, etc. were present too. Earliest findings in the place date from the period 3,000–2,000 B.C.; they were found on the localities of Drivuša and Gradišće. New, today's name of the city, was mentioned for the first time on 20 March 1436. Medieval church has been unearthed in Zenica, as well as Franciscan Monastery of St. Mary. Time of the independence of the [[Medieval Bosnia]] is directly connected to Zenica (Gradješa's plate and abdication act; [[Kulin ban]]'s time; [[Vranduk (Zenica)|Vranduk]], seat of the [[Bosnian Kingdom|Bosnian kings]]; Janjići and 'hižas' [homes] of the Bosnian Krstjans{{\}}[[Bogumils]]; [[stećci]], stone tombstone monuments etc.). During the [[Ottomans|Ottoman]] rule (1463–1878), Zenica became a Muslim kasaba (small town); at the very end of the 17th century, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, mostly Muslims; Orthodox and Catholic Christians get mentioned again from the end of 18th century, and Jews in the 19th century. Zenica has been mostly built in the Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslavian periods. Number of citizens has been rising rapidly during the 20th century, and from [[Bosnian War]] until 2013 city lost a quarter of its population. Municipality of Zenica became City of Zenica in 2014. The city is geographically located in the heart of [[Bosnia]]. Area of the settled place is {{Convert|43.01|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} and of the City {{Convert|558.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. The relief is valley-basin and the elevation {{Convert|310–350|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}. Rivers [[river Bosna|Bosna]], [[Lašva river|Lašva]], [[Babina river|Babina]] and [[Kočeva]] flow through the city itself. The moderate continental climate prevails. The city has 13 urban local settlements and the City consists of total 81 spread rural settlements. The city has nine national monuments. One of the marks of the Zenica is the footbal club [[NK Čelik|Čelik]], as well as one of the tallest buildings on the Balkans – Lamela. Some of the most famous Zenicans are [[Semir Osmanagić]], [[Anabela Basalo]], [[Danis Tanović]], [[Amar Jašarspahić|Amar Jašarspahić Gile]], [[Nihad Fetić Hakala]], [[Mladen Krstajić]], [[Dejan Lovren]], [[Mervana Jugić-Salkić]] and [[Amel Tuka]].<!-- basic source: https://gradzenica.weebly.com/ --> ==Etymology== [[File:Portrait of Catherine of St Sava (1425-1478).jpg|thumb|left|106px<!--don't make the picture larger than 126 because it is its max size, otherwise it will be blurred and distorted after expanding of pixels-->|Catherine<!-- Kosača Kotromanić--> portrait]] There are several theories about the name. ; Tradition and legend According to the orally transmitted tradition, city got its name after the [[pupil]] of the eye (ekavian {{Lang-sh|zenica}} – pupil). The legend about the name is connected with the most sad times of the medieval Bosnian state and [[Croats|Croat people]] on the [[Balkans]]; [[fall of the Bosnia]] under Ottomans in 1463. In the folks of [[Catholicism|Catholic]] Croats there is a legend that Zenica got its name after Queen [[Katarina Kosača Kotromanić]]'s words, who was leaving [[Bobovac]] and said the following: "My pupil has left!" ({{Lang-sh|Osta moja z[j]enica!}})<ref name="svjosipzenica">{{Cite web|url=http://www.svjosip-zenica.com/o-zupi-povijest-zupe/kratka-povijest-zupe-sv-josipa-zenica|title=Župa Svetog Josipa – Zenica|accessdate=25 April 2019|language=hr}}</ref> <!--don't move this paragraph above because it is related to both the tradition and legend-->Because of its location in the center of Zenica field, city associates to the eye pupil indeed.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/historija-zenice/|title=Historija Zenice|website=www.zenica.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721040550/http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/historija-zenice/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> Name of the city can also be derived from the word ''[[:wikt:zenit#Serbo-Croatian|zenit]]'', because the city is in the center ([[zenith]]) of the Bosnia and Herzegovina i.e. [[Bosnia]]. ==History== {{Quote box |width=23em |align=left |bgcolor=#B0C4DE |title=Historical affiliations |fontsize=90% |quote={{flag|Ottoman Empire}} 1461–1878<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Austria-Hungary (1869-1918).svg}} [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] 1878–1918<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Slovenes%2C Croats and Serbs.svg}} [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] 1918<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] 1918–1929<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] 1929–1941<br /> {{flag|Independent State of Croatia}} 1941–1945<br /> {{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}} 1945–1992<br /> {{flag|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} 1992–1997<br /> {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} 1997– }} The urban part of the today's Zenica formed through several determined phases which chronologically include the time of Neolithic community, Illyrian 'gradina', Roman Municipium ''{{Lang|la|[[Bistua Nuova]]}}'', the most important founding (2nd–4th century) in which the monumental early Christian [[basilica]] is mostly present, besides which only one other is identified in the [[Europe]]. In the city Zenica's settlement of Bilimišće, traces of [[ancient]] settlement were found;<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> in the City of Zenica's villages Putovići and Tišina, where [[villa rustica]] dominates, thermae, temple and a series of other following objects are present, too.<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv">{{Cite web|url=https://gradzenica.weebly.com/historija.html|title=Historija Zenice|format=official web-presentation of the City|work=gradzenica.weebly.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721220054/https://gradzenica.weebly.com/historija.html|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="academia.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/35675940/Saobra%C4%87ajne_karakteristike_grada_Zenice.docx|title=Saobraćajne karakteristike grada Zenice|format=seminar work|last=Sarajlić|first=Dženita|work=academia.edu|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721210015/https://www.academia.edu/35675940/Saobra%C4%87ajne_karakteristike_grada_Zenice.docx|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="akta.ba">{{Cite web|url=https://www.akta.ba/pauza/grad-zenica-ime-grada-prvi-put-se-spominje-20-marta-1436-godine/17731|title=Grad Zenica: Ime grada prvi put se spominje 20. marta 1436. godine|work=akta.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721210254/https://www.akta.ba/pauza/grad-zenica-ime-grada-prvi-put-se-spominje-20-marta-1436-godine/17731|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> ===Prehistory=== Earliest findings in the Zenica place date from the period 3,000 B.C. to 2,000 B.C.; they were found on the localities of Drivuša and Gradišće. The following findings are from the Metal Age in Orahovički stream near Nemila, Gračanica, Ravna and other places; metal axes, arrows, ornamental fibulae and ceramic remains were unearthed here.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> Illyrians came to this region on the transition from Bronze to Iron Age (from 6th to 5th century B.C.). Their defensive buildings 'gradinas' are the most famous (the name came from the verb – {{lang-sh|graditi}} – to build).<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> The urban part of today's Zenica has already formed in the younger Stone Age – [[Neolithic]], and especially later in the time of [[Illyrians]] – today, toponyms of their 'gradinas' are proof for that; [[Gradišće (Zenica)|Gradišće]], Gračanica, Gradac. That is how the royal city of [[Vranduk (Zenica)|Vranduk]] probably existed in the time of Illyrians, under the name [[Arduba]].<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> There is a dillema on the presence of the Illyrian tribe Desitiates in Zenica region. Solution are direct proofs from toponomastic material – such as toponym ''gradina'' which survived until today in the names of the mentioned settlements Gradac, Gradišće and Gračanica.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> ===Old Age=== Romans have conquered these parts from the very end of the 3rd century B.C. [[Bellum Batonianum]] from 6th to 9th century was present in this area too. The Romans ruled continuously until the end of the 4th century. Roman authority did not remove settlements in the Illyrian 'gradinas'.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> Today's area of Zenica had its peak in the first six centuries of the new era, when in the parts of nowadays Zenica – aside from [[Bistua Vetus]] (Barbarians' village in [[Rama (place)|Rama]]) and [[Delminium]] ([[Duvanjsko Field]]) – one of the three most important [[municipiums]] and centers of Christian dioceses in Bosnia has been found: Bistua Nuova – seat of the [[Bistuenska diocese]],<ref name="enciklopedija"/> seat of the Roman Christianity in the Bosnia area all time until the Slavs' arrival.<ref name="Vego-Naselja">{{Cite book | first=Marko | last=Vego | title=Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države | page=12 | location=Sarajevo | publisher=Svjetlost | year=1957 | isbn= | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yoPRAAAAMAAJ | ref=|language=hr}}</ref> Information that Bistua Nuova's [[bishop]] [[Andrew (bishop of Bistua Nuova)|Andrew]] (Andreas, Andrija) took part in and was a signer of [[Solin sinodas]] in 530 and 533 underlines its importance. Ancient tombstone monuments are from ancient Bistua Nuova, as well as remains of old Christian basilica etc.<ref name="enciklopedija">{{Cite web|url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=67139|title=Zenica|work=[[LZMK]]|language=hr}}</ref> In the urban settlement of Odmut, and rural settlements of Putovići and Tišina, archaeologists found various findings; [[Epigraphy|epigraphs]] stand out by their importance, which guided them towards conclusion that Bistua Nuova was in the Zenica area.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> It is not excluded that Bistua Nuova was right at the place of today's Zenica.<ref name="Vego-Naselja"/> An important road towards [[Salona]] (Solin), [[Argentarium]] ([[Srebrenica]]) and [[Sirmium]] ([[Srijemska Mitrovica]]) was passing through Bistua Nuova.<ref name=svjosipzenica/> [[Migration Period|Barbarian invasions]] from the north stopped civilization continuity and shortly forced Christianity to retreat from these areas. During the invasions at the beginning of the 7th century Bistua Nuova was destroyed, along with its [[Zenica basilica|basilica]]. Four centuries of emptiness in the wells follow after the retreat of Christianity.<ref name=svjosipzenica/> It is believed that Barbarian invasions destroyed a huge part of ancient inheritance. [[Goths]], [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and [[Slavs]] passed through this location. After their invasions almost one century was needed for first the Slav countries to form.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> ===Medieval Bosnia=== [[File:Die Festung Vranduk in Bosnien by Carl Ebert.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Picture from the middle of the 19th century, of the author Carl Ebert (1821–1885), ''Fortress Vranduk in Bosnia'' ({{Lang-de|Die Festung Vranduk in Bosnien}}; in the picture there are [[Bosnians]] shown on the mountain of [[Vranduk (mountain)|Vranduk]] besides river Bosna)]] History on Medieval Zenica of 13th and 14th centuries is very insufficient.<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> There is but a single item of evidence from 1244 about Croatian-Hungarian king [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]]'s charter. According to the documents that have been studied until so far, the city's current name was first mentioned on 20 March 1436,<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> and later – Zenica is mentioned in a series of documents related to [[Republic of Ragusa]] (Republic of Dubrovačka).<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> In the period of Middle Ages, in 1370 more precisely, settlement [[Klopče (Zenica)|Klopče]] was mentioned, as well as family of that name; on 8 January 1404 [[Bosnian did]] from [[Janjići (Zenica)|Janjići]] sent dispatches to the Ragusan prince [[Vlaho Sorkočević]]. In the Zenica settlement of [[Varošište]], a Middle Ages church has been unearthed and [[Monastery|Franciscan monastery]] of [[St. Mary]], which was built by sculptor [[Ivan Hrelić]], a student of [[Juraj Dalmatinac]].<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> Time of the political independence of the Middle Ages Bosnia is directly connected to Zenica, before all with Gradješa's plate and act of [[abdication]], by which [[Kulin ban]]'s time was continued and it denotes facts of political power too. Small distance of the fortified city of [[Tvrđava Vranduk|Vranduk]], the seat of Bosnian Kings, Janjići and '[[hiža]]'s' [homes] of 'dids' of [[Bogumils|Bosnian Krstjans]] (in the historiography calles ''Bogumils'', Bosnian heretics, etc.), with [[stećci]] in Puhovac and Pojske, several scribes and builders – among other – are the facts and proofs of a special significance of this place in the Middle Ages. Also with its names (Bistua Nuova, Bilino polje, Brod), and Zenica after 20 March 1436, this city is tied for central part of the country and river Bosna.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> ===Ottoman era=== [[File:Зеница 20190501 104314.jpg|thumb|left|250px|View of the [[Sejmenska mosque]], the second oldest<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijesti.ba/clanak/224787/zenica-najstarije-dzamije-sultan-ahmedova-i-sejmenska|title=Zenica: Najstarije džamije Sultan Ahmedova i Sejmenska|website=vijesti.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720193854/https://vijesti.ba/clanak/224787/zenica-najstarije-dzamije-sultan-ahmedova-i-sejmenska|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avaz.ba/vijesti/teme/323605/jedna-od-najstarijih-dzamija-u-zenici-uskoro-dobiva-novo-ruho|title=Jedna od najstarijih džamija u Zenici uskoro dobiva novo ruho|website=[[Dnevni avaz|avaz.ba]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720194315/https://avaz.ba/vijesti/teme/323605/jedna-od-najstarijih-dzamija-u-zenici-uskoro-dobiva-novo-ruho|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.072info.com/setnja-kroz-dzamije-sejmenska-dzamija-u-zenici/|title=Šetnja kroz džamije: Sejmenska džamija u Zenici|website=072info.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720194131/https://www.072info.com/setnja-kroz-dzamije-sejmenska-dzamija-u-zenici/|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> Zenica mosque, included among the [[National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina|national monuments of BiH]]; it originates from Ottoman period, and according to the people's oral tradition it was built by an officer of [[Janissaries]] infantry (Persian word ''segban'' itself denotes adherents to this army)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mizzenica.ba/sejmen/|title=SEJMEN|work=mizzenica.ba|publisher=[[Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Islamska zajednica u Bosni i Hercegovini]] – Medžlis Islamske zajednice ZENICA|accessdate=26 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref>]] In the times of [[Ottomans|Ottoman]] rule (1463–1878), the change of the direction of the main trade route in turn changed the city<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> and except for a short period when it was a seat of Brod judge '[[Qadii (judge)|kadija]]' (until 1557) Zenica was a [[kasaba (settlement)|kasaba]] (small town), again with characteristic lookalike made by several [[mosque]]s ([[Sultan Ahmedova mosque (Zenica)|Sultan Ahmedova]], known as Čaršijska camii too; [[Osman-Ćelebijina mosque|Osman-Ćelebijina]]; [[Sejmenska mosque (Zenica)|Sejmenska]]; [[Jalijska mosque|Jalijska]]), [[Madrasah]] (1737), several [[maktab]]s, various nishans, shadrivans, hans, karavansarays.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> In one description from 1697 Zenica is discussed – where [[melon]]s grow successfully "and whole place is very tame". According to the presumptions, Zenica had 2,000 citizens, among which [[Muslims]] dominated; at the end of 18th century [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Christians]] are mentioned again, and in 19th century [[Jews]].<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> After ruination and [[Forced displacement|exodus]] after the intrusion of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy|Eugene of Savoy]] in 1697, time of stabilization begins for Zenica, and in administrative, urban, business and topographic sense Zenica [[čaršija]] stands out with its characteristic marks.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> ===Austro-Hungarian era=== After the [[Berlin Congress]], held in 1878, the [[Austro-Hungarian monarchy]] was given the rights to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina; armed resistance to occupying troops soon arose. It is believed that exactly Zenica, more precisely the Hadži Mazića house, was the place of negotiations between the representatives of the Ottoman authorities in the Bosnian vilayet, Hafiz-pasha and the commander of the Austro-Hungarian occupying forces, General Filipović, on the conditions of the cessation of the conflict.<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> Capital objects of wider social-economic importance were built; they became important for Zenica. They include the railway from [[Bosanski Brod]] to Zenica (1879), the coal mine (1880), the paper factory (1885), the ironworks (1892), and the penitentiary (1886). In 1908 a power station was built in Zenica, which enabled the introduction of electric public lighting. State schools were also opened, the first in 1885, and the second in 1910; in this period in Zenica there were also confessional schools, one for the Catholic and Orthodox churches, and for three maktabs, madrasahs and rozdios ('ruždija'); Muhamed Seid Serdarević, the muallim in the Sultan Ahmed Madrasah in Zenica, advocated for the reform of the teaching, where the lectures began to be conducted in the local language and the program modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Cultural societies were organized, on a strictly national-confessional basis, such as the Croatian Singing Society, Zvečaj, the Czech Word and others; at the same time, other societies of general character are established, such as firefighters, hunters, mountaineers and others. In 1910 the first cinema, called Helios, was opened in Zenica, which raised the city culture to a new level. This will, aside from other things, cause a series of changes – both qualitative and quantitative shifts in the city's development.<ref name="academia.edu"/><ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> ===End of the 19th century; 20th century=== [[File:Зеница 20180724 212737.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Catholic [[St. Elijah Church (Zenica)|St. Elijah Church]] in New Zenica, building of which began in 1909; it was declared a [[national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina|national monument of BiH]]; building style is [[secession]], and church has three bells and main altar from 1837 (first parish is from 1870)]] [[File:Зеница 20190509 132658.jpg|thumb|right|279px|Orthodox [[Church of the Nativity of Our Lady (Zenica)|Church of the Nativity of Our Lady]] on Carina, building of which begain in 1883; it was declared a [[national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina|national monument of BiH]]; this is a three-nave church<!-- with narthex, nave, altar area and the belfry-->; it was finished and dedicated on the [[Nativity Period]] i.e. during 8–21 September 1885, and was dedicated by [[Metropolitan Sava Kosanović]]]] By the end of the 19th and at the beginnings of the 20th century, urban bum has happened (number of citizens increased several fold, according to the 1910 census in this place there were 7,215 men and women), fast [[urbanization]] can be noticed (Orthodox [[Church of the Nativity of Our Lady (Zenica)|Church of the Nativity of Our Lady]] was built in 1885, two Catholic churches in 1910, a synagogue in 1903), as well as the building of several lodgings for the night, [[hotel]]s, [[school]]s, [[water supply]], modern roads, etc.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> After World War I, the [[Kingdom of SHS]] was formed, which in 1929 became the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; Bosnia and Herzegovina belonged to these countries. The political, economic and social life of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1918 to 1941 stagnated, although the situation changed slightly before the beginning of World War II, when certain investments in Ironworks Zenica came.<ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> 20th century in Zenica is generally marked with series of different characteristic phenomena, increased industrialization, especially after 1938 with Harsh railway (Gruba pruga) being built, the [[:wikt:pauperization|pauperization]] of the part of the citizenry, its [[proletariat|proletarization]], as well as mixing of advanced urban European and still domestic Bosnian mentality and habits.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> Specific-functions-and-purposes city develops, especially bordered with two facts – [[Zenica prison|Penitentiary]] and [[Ironworks Zenica]] – but also precious confirmation of the coexistence of the Zenicans with different histories; the stone bridge has connected house of Kosta Jefić and Osmanaga Mehmedić, and Jewish Havra, for over 90 years.<ref name="akta.ba"/><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> ====Yugoslavia==== In the period between 1941 and 1945, domestic people (mostly [[Muslims]], by declaration of the famous Resolution of Zenica Muslims from May 1942)<ref name="islamskazajednica.ba">{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamskazajednica.ba/dini-islam/tekstovi/93-za-rivot-i-vjeka/1190-ulema-u-odbrani-rivota-i-vjeka-|title=Ulema u odbrani života i čovjeka|website=[[Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina|islamskazajednica.ba]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721212400/http://www.islamskazajednica.ba/dini-islam/tekstovi/93-za-rivot-i-vjeka/1190-ulema-u-odbrani-rivota-i-vjeka-|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://preporodbn.com/muslimanske-rezolucije/|title=Muslimanske rezolucije|website=preporodbn.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721212501/https://preporodbn.com/muslimanske-rezolucije/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> show evident effort to retain respect and consideration as well as protection of bare life from non-Muslims,<ref name="islamskazajednica.ba"/> through formation of their authentic sign, [[Muslim militias]] – in Šerići, Doglodi, Babino {{notatypo|–,}} and through [[Zenica partisan unit|partisan units]], what gave and had certain demands and weight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Zenicani/posts/1289552541100269/|title=ZENICA - Seoske milicije u samoodbrani|format=famous Zenica FB page whose admins post historical verified content followed by thousands of Zenicans|website=[[Facebook|facebook.com]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721213113/https://www.facebook.com/Zenicani/posts/1289552541100269/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> It was a dimension of Zenica way to have anti-fascist resistance; this city had no major destruction, terror and victims. Dimension of the anti-fascist struggle were, unfortunately, determined by their [[ideology|ideological]] (more precisely, [[nationalism|nationalist]]) affiliation – what will come up to the surface in the war period and devolve in the after-war one.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Đidić|first=Fuad|last2=Hećimović|first2=Esad|year=1991|title=Robija šutnje : (stradanje Muslimana u zeničkom kraju) : 1945–1987|location=Zenica|publisher=Preporod|language=bs}} {{COBISS.BIH|2104867}}.</ref><ref name="zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/12">{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/12/foto-obiljezen-12-april-dan-oslobodenja-zenice/|title=FOTO: Obilježen 12. april – Dan oslobođenja Zenice|website=zenicainfo.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721213444/https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/12/foto-obiljezen-12-april-dan-oslobodenja-zenice/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/mala-skola-antifasizma-u-zenici-411897|title=Mala škola antifašizma u Zenici|website=[[Oslobođenje (newspaper)|oslobodjenje.ba]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721213550/https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/mala-skola-antifasizma-u-zenici-411897|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref name="gradZenica-istorija-zv"/> After liberation of Zenica achieved by [[Yugoslav Partisans|partisans]] on 12 April 1945 (Zenica Liberation Day),<ref name="zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/12"/> the city started to grow rapidly – as a quickly developed industrial center. It expanded and included the former villages of Bilino Polje, Klopče and Radakovo; new flat blocks were built for more numerous coalminers and workers in the steelworks. Number of citizens in 1948 was only about 15,000, and by 1961 it grew up to over 30,000; in year 1981, there was over 63,000 citizens in Zenica, and after the last Yugoslavian census made in Yugoslavia – Zenica was city with over 96,000 citizens. For the time of the Yugoslavian period, which has lasted for about 50 years, the population increased sixfold.<ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/> ====Bosnian War==== [[File:Stara carsija.jpg|thumb|left|195px|Part of the Old town at night]] {{Further|Zenica massacre}} One year before the breakup of [[Bosnian War]], in 1991, Zenica became seat of one of the first private and independent radio-stations in Eastern Europe – Radio CD-CEMP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://superinfo.ba/Novine/Superinfo-23.pdf|title=Super info, broj 23|website=superinfo.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721214057/http://superinfo.ba/Novine/Superinfo-23.pdf|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> In the spring of 1993, journalist and owner of the Radio CD-CEMP, won Belgian accolade for independent journalism – "The Pen Of Peace".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/zoran-misetic-b492099|title=Zoran Misetic: Director of Global Business Development|website=[[linkedin|linkedin.com]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://archive.is/poN4J|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> The first official civil victim of the Bosnian War in Zenica was a two-year-old Croat girl Matea Jurić (29 July 1990 – 13 May 1992), who was killed by a gunshot during the blockade of the military barrack of [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] in the urban settlement of Bilimišće. Today, meeting to remember Jurić is traditionally organized in Radakovo, where she has a memorial panel to lay flowers next to it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a41916/Sjecanje-na-Mateu-Juric.html|title=Sjećanje na Mateu Jurić, prvu civilnu žrtvu rata u Zenici|work=[[N1 (TV channel)|n1info.com]]|accessdate=22 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> On 19 April 1993, during the [[Muslim–Croat War]], 15 civilians were killed and 50, injured, when [[Croatian Defence Council|HVO's]] grenade from a howitzer hit the central bazaar of Zenica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/aktuelnosti/vijesti/vijesti-detaljno/news/odata-pocast-ubijenim-civilima-zenice/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=f982adb61d14898e6349c868e22655cc|title=Odata počast ubijenim civilima Zenice|website=www.zenica.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721011631/http://www.zenica.ba/aktuelnosti/vijesti/vijesti-detaljno/news/odata-pocast-ubijenim-civilima-zenice/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=f982adb61d14898e6349c868e22655cc|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> The grenade was shot from the village of Putićevo [{{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}]. A total of six grenades hit the target, three series of two. The first attack began at about 12.10 o'clock, second with two grenades at 12.24 o'clock, and the following two rounds with two grenades in 12.29 o'clock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e-5.htm|title=IV. ATTACKS ON TOWNS AND VILLAGES: KILLINGS: 9. The Shelling of Zenica|website=[[ICTY|www.icty.org]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721012303/http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e-5.htm|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> During this period Zenica was isolated from the rest of the world for a year and a half. The city suffered significant loss of the civic society from [[sniper]] fire, arson and hunger. The fourth-biggest city of BiH had neither water nor electricity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-novine.com/feljton/51163-ratu-sam-osjetio-potrebu-Bogom.html|title=U ratu sam osjetio potrebu za Bogom|format=feuilleton|website=e-novine.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721214438/http://www.e-novine.com/feljton/51163-ratu-sam-osjetio-potrebu-Bogom.html|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> During the Bosnian War, part of the camp inmates of Serb ethnicity who were kept in [[Zenica prison|Zenica Penitentiary]], were burnt in blast furnaces of Zenica Steelworks.<ref name="зеницакпрз78"/> The fifth pavilion of the camp for Serbs in Zenica's prison existed until the war finished, and in the report of the [[Conference for European Security and Cooperation]] (KEBS) it is said that KPD Zenica formed camps for prisoners of war containing around 2,000 Serbs.<ref name="зеницакпрз78">{{Cite web|title=Srbi spaljivani u Željezari|url=https://www.rtvbn.com/330489/Srbi-spaljivani-u-Zeljezari|website=rtvbn.com|date=16 January 2015|language=sr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Glas Srpske: Kebo dostavio dokument da su srpski logoraši spaljivani u zeničkoj Željezari|url=http://saff.ba/glas-srpske-kebo-dostavio-dokument-da-su-srpski-logorasi-spaljivani-u-zenickoj-zeljezari/|website=saff.ba|date=16 January 2015|language=bs}}</ref> It is also significant to note that [[kafana]]-singers and other singers-amateurs sang in open music performances in the garden restaurant of KPD Zenica while war in Eastern Bosnia rage and Zenica was hit to a lesser extent. During the war, an economic meeting ZEPS was still organized.<ref name="Zenicaba-istorija"/> Demography of the city changed much during the war, by the arrival of ethnic Muslims (todays Bosniaks) from other parts of BiH and the departure of Serbs to areas under Serb control.<ref name="stat error"/> ===21st century=== Zenica recovers from the war and continues to slowly progress. The ruling party in the City of Zenica for 20 years was the majority Bosniak and Muslim [[Party of Democratic Action]] (SDA), for which i.e. time of its mayors the development of the settled place Zenica / city of Zenica (its urban core but also other villages as the part of then Municipality) advanced slowly, partly because of corruption and various types of misappropriation<!--e.g. donation money from philantropies, public procurement from institutions, sharing flats from companies, construction of the Spavač monument from the state, etc.-->;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zurnal.info/novost/21569/glavna-tuziteljica-na-promociji-knjige-funkcionera-sda|title=NAKON ŠTO JE BIO POD ISTRAGOM: Glavna tužiteljica na promociji knjige funkcionera SDA|website=zurnal.info|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721022210/https://zurnal.info/novost/21569/glavna-tuziteljica-na-promociji-knjige-funkcionera-sda|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://usn.co.ba/bih/politika/sporazum-sarajlica-i-vrace-klasicna-politicka-korupcija-hoce-li-koalicija-zastitara-i-sda-zavrsiti-u-tuzilastvu/2019/137725/|title=Sporazum Sarajlića i Vrače klasična politička korupcija? Hoće li koalicija “zaštitara“ i SDA završiti u tužilaštvu|website=usn.co.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721022304/https://usn.co.ba/bih/politika/sporazum-sarajlica-i-vrace-klasicna-politicka-korupcija-hoce-li-koalicija-zastitara-i-sda-zavrsiti-u-tuzilastvu/2019/137725/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bh-index.com/bih-godisnje-gubi-i-do-milijardu-km-javne-nabavke-jedan-od-najvecih-izvora-korupcije/|title=BiH godišnje gubi i do milijardu KM: Javne nabavke jedan od najvećih izvora korupcije|website=www.bh-index.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721022406/http://www.bh-index.com/bih-godisnje-gubi-i-do-milijardu-km-javne-nabavke-jedan-od-najvecih-izvora-korupcije/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> many areas of the populated place itself did not get city lights, water supply and canalization and solidly asphalted roads even after 20 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/02/zavrsni-radovi-na-asfaltiranju-lasvanske-ulice/|title=Završni radovi na asfaltiranju Lašvanske ulice|website=zenicainfo.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721214753/https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/04/02/zavrsni-radovi-na-asfaltiranju-lasvanske-ulice/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> The drastic population decrease was seen from 1991 to 2013 and it is ≈26% (Zenica lost one quarter of its citizens, partly because of the War, partly because of unfavorable economic circumstances in BiH and recessions prompting young and middle-aged residents to emigrate to Europe and America).<ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/><ref name="p2013"/> {{Multiple image |perrow=2 |align=right |total_width=300 |header=[[2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina#Zenica|Violent protests 2014, Zenica]] |image1=Municipality Zenica building the day after the riot in February 2014.jpg|caption1=Municipality building, side view |image2=Municipality building in Zenica after 2014 Bosnian social riots.jpg|caption2=Municipality building, front view |image3=Zenica-Doboj Canton building the day after the riot in February 2014.jpg|caption3=Smashed RMK building, front view |image4=7 February 2014 protests in Zenica.jpg|caption4=Cars in Kočeva river and arson next to the RMK }} In 2014, Zenica – as well as other FBiH cities – saw [[2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina#Zenica|violent citizen protests]]. The Municipality Building was smashed, RMK buildings also demolished, tens of people taken to the cantonal hospital and some officials resigned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/bs/epilog-protesta-%C5%A1irom-bih/a-17418453|title=Epilog protesta širom BiH|website=[[Deutsche Welle|www.dw.com]]|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721033412/https://www.dw.com/bs/epilog-protesta-%C5%A1irom-bih/a-17418453|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> ''Municipality'' of Zenica was recategorised on 20 November 2014 as the ''City'' of Zenica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a9455/Zenica-zvanicno-postala-grad.html|title=Zenica zvanično postala grad|website=n1info.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721015258/http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a9455/Zenica-zvanicno-postala-grad.html|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> [[2016 Bosnian municipal elections|2016 Bosnian-Herzegovinian municipal elections]] made [[independent politician]] ([[Fuad Kasumović]]) a Zenica mayor for the first time in the recent city history;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/fuad-kasumovic-slavi-u-zenici-bio-sam-siguran-u-svoju-pobjedu/161002156|title=Fuad Kasumović slavi u Zenici: Bio sam siguran u svoju pobjedu|website=www.klix.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721022726/https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/fuad-kasumovic-slavi-u-zenici-bio-sam-siguran-u-svoju-pobjedu/161002156|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> he planned to make the city a modern, European and regional center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fuadkasumovic.ba/|title=FK|website=fuadkasumovic.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323050710/http://fuadkasumovic.ba/|archivedate=23 March 2018|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> During the three years of his term he accelerated development, focused on the city's core i.e. settled place Zenica;<ref name="FK planovi">{{Cite web|url=http://fuadkasumovic.ba/program/|title=FK, program|website=fuadkasumovic.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031095941/http://fuadkasumovic.ba/program/|archivedate=31 October 2016|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> for the locations of priority importance, the city introduced city lights and water supply with canalization, road asphalting (byciclist lanes and stands for bycicles were introduced for the first time in Zenica's history on a mass scale), plans for introducing new heating system for the city are being made (Zenicans regularly face total turnoff or weak output of heating during the season, especially in the coldest days),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tntportal.ba/vijesti/povodom-prve-godine-mandata-gradonacelnik-zenice-fuad-kasumovic-odrzao-preskonferenciju-foto/|title=POVODOM PRVE GODINE MANDATA: Gradonačelnik Zenice Fuad Kasumović održao preskonferenciju (FOTO)|website=tntportal.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721020816/https://tntportal.ba/vijesti/povodom-prve-godine-mandata-gradonacelnik-zenice-fuad-kasumovic-odrzao-preskonferenciju-foto/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> [[New Year]]'s concerts began to be held on the main city square open for all citizens and visitors (the first one was in 2017/18 with [[Miligram (band)|Miligram]] making the show;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/magazin/muzika/zenicani-u-2018-godinu-ulaze-s-miligramom-organizatori-najavljuju-ludu-noc/171111039|title=Zeničani u 2018. godinu ulaze s Miligramom, organizatori najavljuju ludu noć|website=www.klix.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721024321/https://www.klix.ba/magazin/muzika/zenicani-u-2018-godinu-ulaze-s-miligramom-organizatori-najavljuju-ludu-noc/171111039|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> the second was in 2018/19 with [[Crvena jabuka]]) as the main act,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/magazin/enes-begovic-amel-curic-i-kice-za-novu-godinu-u-centru-zenice/181130052|title=Enes Begović, Amel Ćurić i Kice za Novu godinu u centru Zenice|website=www.klix.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203174843/https://www.klix.ba/magazin/enes-begovic-amel-curic-i-kice-za-novu-godinu-u-centru-zenice/181130052|archivedate=3 December 2018|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> various new manifestations are organized for citizens and tourists (e.g. Zenica summer fest, music festival with domestic and regional stars that lasts for several weeks and takes place on the city square – the first was opened by [[Frenkie]] in the summer of 2018 and closed by [[Dubioza kolektiv|Dubioza Kolektiv]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2018/06/27/najavljen-i-zenica-summer-fest-spektakularno-ljeto-uz-zvijezde-umjetnost-i-zabavu-u-srcu-grada/|title=Najavljen I Zenica Summer Fest: Spektakularno ljeto uz zvijezde, umjetnost i zabavu u srcu grada|website=zenicainfo.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721032728/https://zenicainfo.ba/2018/06/27/najavljen-i-zenica-summer-fest-spektakularno-ljeto-uz-zvijezde-umjetnost-i-zabavu-u-srcu-grada/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> and [[Saša Kovačević]] opened the second in summer of 2019 and [[Željko Joksimović]] closed it;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.072info.com/i-zeljko-joksimovic-zvijezda-ovogodisnjeg-zenica-summer-festa/|title=I Željko Joksimović zvijezda ovogodišnjeg Zenica summer festa|website=www.072info.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721033042/https://www.072info.com/i-zeljko-joksimovic-zvijezda-ovogodisnjeg-zenica-summer-festa/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> artistic, trade and other bazaars and the like)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blicvijesti.com/bzk-preporod-zenica-sutra-organizuje-8-art-bazar/|title=BZK "Preporod" Zenica sutra organizuje 8. Art bazar|date=6 March 2019|language=sr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/06/26/udruzenje-nas-most-organizuje-orijentalni-bazar-u-zenici/|title=Udruženje Naš most organizuje orijentalni bazar u Zenici|date=26 June 2019|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zenicablog.com/otvoren-prvi-supermarket-bazar/|title=Otvoren prvi supermarket "Bazar"|date=15 April 2016|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zenit.ba/prednovogodisnji-bazar-kreativaca-u-zenici/|title=Prednovogodišnji bazar kreativaca u Zenici|date=12 December 2018|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tntportal.ba/vijesti/zenica-u-mjesnoj-zajednici-radakovo-odrzan-novogodisnji-bazar-foto/|title=ZENICA: U Mjesnoj zajednici Radakovo održan novogodišnji Bazar (FOTO)|date=31 December 2018|language=bs}}</ref> while the trade-economic fair with a long history [[ZEPS]] expands – thus improving tourist i.e. economic potential. These are all reasons because of which city has more visitors from all continents, of which it is significant to mention Africa<!--in the past it was very hard to spot a Black (wo)man in the city, now you can see him/her very easily--> and Asia<!--Chinese shops, under the stadium, in the Zeničanka mall and elsewhere-->. The issue of stray dogs in the urban core was handled,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bih.time.mk/c/896cf06957/najesen-pocinje-sa-radom-zenica-konacno-dobija-azil-za-pse-lutalice.html|title=NAJESEN POČINJE SA RADOM Zenica konačno dobija azil za pse lutalice|website=bih.time.mk|language=bs}}</ref> pollution that culminated at the beginning<ref>{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721025344/http://www.balkaniyum.tv/bih/vijesti/38884.shtml|title=Zagađenje zraka u Zenici kulminira, građani traže uvođenje interventnih mjera|work=www.balkaniyum.tv|archivedate=21 July 2019|url=http://www.balkaniyum.tv/bih/vijesti/38884.shtml|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> and in the mid-2010s was reduced significantly (Zenicas were used to pink-red sky and stinky, polluted air especially during the nights of pollution),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/u-zenici-najavljeni-protesti-zbog-povecanog-zagadjenja-zraka/141202002|title=U Zenici najavljeni protesti zbog povećanog zagađenja zraka|website=www.klix.ba|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721025330/https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/u-zenici-najavljeni-protesti-zbog-povecanog-zagadjenja-zraka/141202002|archivedate=3 December 2018|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> public transport was improved (new buses, wi-fi etc.)... There are plans to resolve a huge problem of unemployment and to modernize the education system, build city underground garage,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/republika-srpska/sve-veci-broj-vozila-podzemne-garaze-resavaju-problem-parkinga-u-zenici/3ygppns|title=Sve veći broj vozila: Podzemne garaže rešavaju problem parkinga u Zenici|website=Blic.rs|language=sr}}</ref> as well as projects of warming the public city flat buildings with styrofoam facades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/aktuelnosti/javni-pozivi/news/javni-poziv-za-sufinansiranje-projekata-utopljavanja-stambenih-objekata-kolektivnog-stanovanja-stambenih-zgrada/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=c49bf642b42e28d96af5117aceb03d09|title=Javni poziv za sufinansiranje projekata utopljavanja stambenih objekata kolektivnog stanovanja- stambenih zgrada|website=www.zenica.ba|language=bs}}</ref> Manifestation [[Čimburijada]] ({{Lang-sh|čimbur}} – the local name for the [[scrambled eggs]]), that have been present for several decades in Zenica, took place in 2019, too, with video-broadcast on [[RTV Zenica|TV Zenica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zenicablog.com/foto-galerija-od-100-fotografija-odrzana-zenicka-cimburijada-2019/|title=FOTO: Galerija od 100 fotografija – Održana zenička “Čimburijada 2019.”|website=www.zenicablog.com|accessdate=21 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721030103/https://www.zenicablog.com/foto-galerija-od-100-fotografija-odrzana-zenicka-cimburijada-2019/|archivedate=3 December 2018|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> {{clear}} {{wide image|Panorama Zenice2015.png|600px|Panorama of Zenica (spring 2015)}} ==Geography== Zenica is located in the heart of the [[Bosnia]], in the central part of the river Bosna's flow, after which country BiH bears name. Coordinates of the city are 44° 12′ 14″ N and 17° 54′ 28″ E. It has average elevation of {{Convert|310–350|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} above sea level. Area of Zenica is {{Convert|43.01|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} [area of the City is {{Convert|558.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}]. ===Location=== [[File:Općina Zenica.svg|thumb|350px|Geographic location of Zenica]] <div style="overflow:auto" align="center"> {|stlye="float:left;" |{{Geographic Location 2|width=50em | Centre = Zenica | North = [[Teslić]], [[Žepče]] | Northwest = [[Teslić]]<br>[[Travnik]] | Northeast = [[Žepče]] | West = [[Travnik]] | East = [[Zavidovići]]<br>[[Kakanj]] | South = [[Busovača]], [[Kakanj]] | Southwest = [[Travnik]]<br>[[Vitez]] | Southeast = [[Kakanj]] }} |} </div> ===Relief and spread=== Relief of the City of Zenica is valley-basin. It is made up of a series of alluvial planes, hills, mountain passes and the like. The average altitude of the city itself surrounded by hills is {{Convert|310–350|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}; however, there are many higher positions, such as [[Tvrtkovac]], a hikers' destination of Zenicans, whose altitude is {{Convert|1,304|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The Zenica basin extends from the canyon [[Lašva river]] in the south to the Vranduk canyon and Vranduk gorge in the north – of an average length of {{Convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} and with an average altitude of {{Convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksczenica.ba/#!/centar-zenica|title=KŠC Sv. Pavao, Zenica|website=www.ksczenica.ba|language=hr}}</ref><ref name="academia.edu"/> Overview of the highest hills and mountains is given in the table below.<ref name="academia.edu"/> {|style="margin:0 auto;" class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Highest{{nbsp}}mountains and{{nbsp}}hills{{nbsp}}of{{nbsp}}Zenica<ref name="academia.edu"/> |- !Mountains and hills !{{Abbr|Elev.|Elevation/altitude above sea level}} [m (ft)] |- |[[Tvrtkovac]] |{{Convert|1304|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |Hum |{{Convert|1280|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |[[Vepar (planina)|Vepar]] |{{Convert|1083|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |[[Lisac (planina)|Lisac]] |{{Convert|1080|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |[[Smetovi (planina)|Smetovi]] |{{Convert|940|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |[[Klopačke stijene]] |{{Convert|918|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |Golubak |{{Convert|700|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |Vučijak |{{Convert|639|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |Zmajevac |{{Convert|638|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |Volovska glava |{{Convert|585|m|ft|abbr=values}} |- |[[Janjićki vrh]] |{{Convert|561|m|ft|abbr=values}} |} The lowest parts in the relief context are along the river Bosna. As one moves towards east and west, altitudes increase; thus, northwestern and northeastern areas of the city are the highest.<ref name="academia.edu"/> ===Waters=== {{Further|Bosna (river)}} Zenica city is characterized by many small rivers and streams; all of them completely belong to the Bosna river basin. [[River Bosna]] is the most important water flow in the Zenica area. Spring of the river Bosna in [[Ilidža]], near Sarajevo, and mouth in the [[river Sava]] near [[Bosanski Šamac]]; thus, the river has a natural flow from south to the north, what is usually uncommon but characteristic for larger number of rivers in BiH.<ref name="zenica.ba fakta/o-gradu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/|title=O gradu|website=www.zenica.ba|language=bs}}</ref> Out of a total of {{Convert|274|km|mi|abbr=on}}, which is the total length of the river Bosna, {{Convert|47.95|km|mi|abbr=on}} flows throughout the cityity. Along the river Bosna there are roads and railway built; also, most of the citizens is concentrated along river Bosna.<ref name="academia.edu"/> Except Bosna, in the city itself there are flows of the rivers [[Lašva river|Lašva]], [[Babina river|Babina]] and [[Kočeva]], and farther are [[Bistričak river|Bistričak]], Orahovička, Nemilska, Gračanička, Starinska and Džulanova rivers. The most significant streams are Tetovski, Zvečajski, [[Janjićki stream|Janjićki]], Svitački and streams of Perin han I, Perin han II, Bukovica etc.<ref name="academia.edu"/> ===Climate=== {{Climate chart|Zenica |-3|3.8|70 |-1.7|6.9|70 |1.9|12.1|64 |5.8|16.7|76 |9.8|21.5|85 |13.2|25.2|88 |14.5|27.8|72 |13.9|27.6|70 |10.6|23.7|72 |6.7|17.3|84 |2.7|10.0|105 |-0.9|5.1|96 |float=right |clear=both }} In the Zenica City area, moderate continental climate prevails. Summers are hot and winters moderately cold. Mean annual temperature is {{Convert|10.4|C|F|abbr=on}}, average annual precipitation {{Convert|804|mm|in|abbr=on}} and unevenly distributed during the year, provided that there are no exceptionally dry months (the lowest monthly precipitation is in March and the highest in November). The coldest month is January [average year minimum {{Convert|-1|C|F|abbr=on}}] while July is the hottest [average year maximum {{Convert|20.2|C|F|abbr=on}}]. The lowest mean monthly temperature in Zenica was in January 1964 [{{Convert|-6.4|C|F|abbr=on}}; minimal {{Convert|-23.9|C|F|abbr=on}} in January 1963] and maximal mean monthly temperatures were registered in August 2003 [{{Convert|23.8|C|F|abbr=on}}; maximal {{Convert|40.8|C|F|abbr=on}} in August 2003]. Relative air humidity is 70% and cloudiness 6.1 tenths. Air pressure is 976.3 milibars. Zenica has one meteorological station; it was founded in 1925 and is located at an elevation of {{Convert|344|m|ft|abbr=on}} a.s.l.<ref name="academia.edu"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fhmzbih.gov.ba/engleski/Zenicastanica.php|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federal Hydrometeorological Institute|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhmzbih.gov.ba%2Fengleski%2FZenicastanica.php|archivedate=16 July 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref> {{Weather box|width=70% |location = Zenica |metric first = y |single line = y |Jan high C = 3.8 |Feb high C = 6.9 |Mar high C = 12.1 |Apr high C = 16.7 |May high C = 21.5 |Jun high C = 25.2 |Jul high C = 27.8 |Aug high C = 27.6 |Sep high C = 23.7 |Oct high C = 17.3 |Nov high C = 10.0 |Dec high C = 5.1 |year high C = |Jan mean C = 0.4 |Feb mean C = 2.6 |Mar mean C = 7.0 |Apr mean C = 11.2 |May mean C = 15.6 |Jun mean C = 19.2 |Jul mean C = 21.1 |Aug mean C = 20.7 |Sep mean C = 17.1 |Oct mean C = 12.0 |Nov mean C = 6.3 |Dec mean C = 2.1 |year mean C = 11.3 |Jan low C = -3.0 |Feb low C = -1.7 |Mar low C = 1.9 |Apr low C = 5.8 |May low C = 9.8 |Jun low C = 13.2 |Jul low C = 14.5 |Aug low C = 13.9 |Sep low C = 10.6 |Oct low C = 6.7 |Nov low C = 2.7 |Dec low C = -0.9 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 70 |Feb precipitation mm = 70 |Mar precipitation mm = 64 |Apr precipitation mm = 76 |May precipitation mm = 85 |Jun precipitation mm = 88 |Jul precipitation mm = 72 |Aug precipitation mm = 70 |Sep precipitation mm = 72 |Oct precipitation mm = 84 |Nov precipitation mm = 105 |Dec precipitation mm = 96 |year precipitation mm = 952 |Jan humidity = |Feb humidity = |Mar humidity = |Apr humidity = |May humidity = |Jun humidity = |Jul humidity = |Aug humidity = |Sep humidity = |Oct humidity = |Nov humidity = |Dec humidity = |year humidity = | Jand sun =9.5 | Febd sun =10.5 | Mard sun =12 | Aprd sun =13.5 | Mayd sun =14.5 | Jund sun =15.5 | Juld sun =15 | Augd sun =14 | Sepd sun =12.5 | Octd sun =11 | Novd sun =9.5 | Decd sun =9 | yeard sun = | source 1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20190723141131/https://fr.climate-data.org/europe/bosnie-herzegovine/zenica/zenica-764499/ climate-data.org]; <small>for sun hours:</small> NOAA<!--see Google search results on the topic--> |date=July 2019 }} ===Ecology=== [[File:Vue de ZENICA depuis la rivière BOSNA.jpg|thumb|350px|River Bosna<br><small>in the front: a railway, behind it the settlement of Jalija (right) and farther Bilimišće (left); in the back: Zenica hills – Krč rocks (right) and other (left)</small>]] {{Further|Arcelor Mittal|Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Zenica's industry polluted and damaged the environment. After the Bosnian War, the main culprit for hard [[ecology|ecological]] state in Zenica, ironworks (today mostly converted into [[Arcelor Mittal]], owned by [[Lakshmi Mittal]]), was incapacitated. However, a few years ago, the old steelworks partially resumed its operations, so because of these and other reasons the non-partisan, citizen organisation "[[Eko pokret Zenica]]" was founded in Zenica, and later the [[Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] political party as well – with their seat in Zenica. In the city there is also "Eko-forum Zenica" as an acting organization.<ref name="slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/6160">{{Cite web|url=http://www.slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/6160/eko_pokret_zenice_protiv_izgradnje_he_vranduk.html|title=EKO POKRET ZENICE PROTIV IZGRADNJE HE VRANDUK|website=slobodna-bosna.ba|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/revizija/2006/finrev2006/ZELENI%20BIH/IzvjestajZELENI.pdf|title=www.izbori.ba|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ekoforumzenica.ba/|title=Eko forum Zenica|website=ekoforumzenica.ba|language=bs}}</ref> The Babina river basin was declared a [[nature park]] after their intercession. There are initiatives to create a dam on the Vranduk, what would cause ecological catastrophe. The Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and "Eko pokret" as well, are against this and advocate declaring Vranduk a [[national park]].<ref name="slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/6160"/> ===Urban settlements=== Urban part of Zenica is consisted of the following settlements – urban entireties: {{Colbegin|colwidth=20em}} *[[Jalija (Zenica)|Jalija]] *[[Odmut (Zenica)|Odmut]]<!--some Zenicans say also Odmot--> *[[Mokušnice]] *[[Londža (Zenica)|Londža]] *[[Pišće]] *[[Blatuša (Zenica)|Blatuša]] *[[Crkvice (Zenica)|Crkvice]] *[[Babina Rijeka (Zenica)|Babina River]] <small>[Babina Rijeka]</small> (Old Radakovo) *[[New Radakovo]] <small>[Novo Radakovo]</small> *[[Sejmen]] *[[Old Čaršija]] <small>[Stara Čaršija]</small> (toward Čaršijska mosque) *[[New Zenica]] <small>[Nova Zenica]</small> *[[Lukovo Field]] <small>[Lukovo Polje]</small> {{Colend}} ==Demographics== {{Multiple image|total_width=300|direction=vertical|image1=Dans les Rues de Zenica.JPG|caption1=View over Zenica čaršija full of people|image2=Zenica 2006 1.jpg|caption2=Old Čaršija (upper part of it with cafes)}} {{Multiple image|total_width=300|direction=vertical|image1=Du côté du marché -ZENICA (BiH).JPG|caption1=Old Zenica bazaar and tržnica, and Kočevska mosque|image2=Zenica, tržiště.jpg|caption2=New Zenica renovated roofed bazaar, currently in use}} Zenica's population increased from 7,215 citizens in 1910 to 15,550 in 1948 and 63,869 in 1981.<ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/> According to the [[1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Population census in SR BiH from 1991]], Zenica had 96,027 citizens. Zenica Municipality had 145,517 citizens by same census data, in 81 settlements. According to the official data of the [[2013 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina published by the Federal Office of Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and then re-published by [[Federal Office of Statistics (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Federal Office of Statistics]], the populated place Zenica (without [[Upper Zenica]] and surrounding villages and places) had 70,553 persons living there, while the City of Zenica had 110,663 inhabitants.<ref name="p2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statistika.ba/?show=11#link139|title=Naselja 2013|website=www.statistika.ba|accessdate=20 July 2019|archiveurl=https://archive.is/CP5GX|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> Many Serbs after the Bosnian War fled from the Zenica (either voluntarily or not);<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/republika-srpska/srbi-zenicke-regije-nemaju-gde-da-se-vrate-kuce-unistene-sume-isecene-crkve-srusene/q2xbl42|title=Srbi zeničke regije NEMAJU GDE DA SE VRATE: Kuće uništene, šume isečene, crkve srušene|work=[[blic.rs]] |date=22 December 2016|accessdate=22 July 2019|language=sr}}</ref> now they live in [[Republika Srpska]] and elsewhere in the world, too; on the Federation of BiH level, they are reduced to a statistical error.<ref name="stat error">{{Cite web|url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/planeta.300.html:612973-Srbi-u-Federacijistatisticka-greska|title=Srbi u Federaciji "statistička greška"!|work=[[Večernje novosti]] |date=2 July 2016|accessdate=17 May 2017|language=sr}}</ref> ===Population of the settled place / city=== {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" width="50%" style="clear:all; margin:6px 0 0em 0em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; empty-cells:show" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |colspan="14" align=center style="background:#778899; color:white"|'''Ethnic composition'''<ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/><ref name="p2013"/> |- |- bgcolor="#FFEBCD" !Year !Serbs !&nbsp;% !Bosniaks{{Ref|a}} !&nbsp;% !Croats !&nbsp;% !Yugoslavs !&nbsp;% !Others !&nbsp;% !Total |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |1961 || 10,525||32.41%|| 5,908||18.19%|| 9,393||28.92%|| 5,517||15.31%|| -||-%|| 32,476 |- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" |1971 || 12,779||24.93%|| 21,365||41.68%|| 13,250||25.85%|| 1,945|| 3.79%|| -||-%|| 51,263 |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |1981 || 12,728||20.02%|| 22,146||34.84%|| 11,716||18.43%|| 14,437||22.71%|| -||-%|| 63,569 |- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" |1991 || 18,312||19.07%|| 43,154||44.94%|| 15,809||16.46%|| 14,703||15.31%|| 4,049||4.22%|| 96,027 |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |2013 || 2,296||3.25%|| 55,239||78.29%|| 6,746||9.56%|| -||-%|| 6,272||8.89%|| 70,553 |- |colspan="14" align=center style="background:#dcdcdc;"|<small></small>''' |} {| style="width:66.6%; background:none;" |- | style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:0 solid gray;"| {{Line chart | color_background = white | width = 450 | height = 375 | padding_left = 70 | padding_right = 25 | padding_top = 10 | padding_bottom = 20 | number_of_series = 3 | number_of_x-values = 11 | label_x1 = 1879 | label_x2 = 1885 | label_x3 = 1910 | label_x4 = 1921 | label_x5 = 1948 | label_x6 = 1953 | label_x7 = 1961 | label_x8 = 1971 | label_x9 = 1981 | label_x10 = 1991 | label_x11 = 2013 | y_max = 160000 | y_min = 0 | scale = yes | S02V01 = 2101 | S02V02 = 3073 | S02V03 = 7215 | S02V04 = 7632 | S02V05 = 15550 | S02V06 = 28961 | S02V07 = 32476 | S02V08 = 51263 | S02V09 = 63569 | S02V10 = 96027 | S02V11 = 70553 }} | style="width:50%;"| {{Balkan Census|title=Population of Zenica city | source =<ref name="1879-1910 censuses">Earthly Government for [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|BiH]]: Population census [https://www.poreklo.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Popis_1879_-_Bosna_i_Hercegovina.pdf 1879] (p. 63), [https://www.poreklo.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Popis-BiH-1885.pdf 1885] (pp. 210, 211) and [https://www.poreklo.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Popis-BiH-1910.pdf 1910] (pp. 310, 312, 3114).</ref><ref name="1921 census">General State Statistics of [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]: Population census [https://www.academia.edu/35408352/Popis_stanovništva_kraljevine_Jugoslavije_1921.pdf 1921] (p. 212).</ref><ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ">Federal Bureau of Statistics and Records of [[FNRY]] and [[SFRY]]: Population census [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1948/pdf/G19484001.pdf 1948] (p. 5), [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1953/pdf/G19534001.pdf 1953] (p. 62), [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1961/pdf/G19614001.pdf 1961] (p. 124, 125), [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1971/pdf/G19714001.pdf 1971] (p. 110, 112), [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1981/pdf/G19814001.pdf 1981] (p. 30) and [http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G1991/pdf/G19914026.pdf 1991] (p. 2).</ref><ref name="p2013"/> | 1828 = | 1857 = | 1869 = | 1879 = 2101 | 1880 = | 1885 = 3073 | 1890 = | 1895 = | 1910 = 7215 | 1921 = 7632 | 1931 = | 1948 = 15550 | 1953 = 28961 | 1961 = 32476 | 1971 = 51263 | 1981 = 63569 | 1991 = 96027 | 2013 = 70553 }} |} ===Population of the municipality / City=== {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" width="50%" style="clear:all; margin:6px 0 0em 0em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; empty-cells:show" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |colspan="14" align=center style="background:#778899; color:white"|'''Ethnic composition'''<ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/><ref name="p2013 territories and not settlements"/> |- |- bgcolor="#FFEBCD" !Year !Serbs !&nbsp;% !Bosniaks{{Ref|b}} !&nbsp;% !Croats !&nbsp;% !Yugoslavs !&nbsp;% !Others !&nbsp;% !Total |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |1961 || 20,369|| 24.15%|| 31,177||36.97%|| 20,509||24.32%|| 10,755||12.75%|| -||-%|| 84,341 |- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" |1971 || 21,875|| 19.45%|| 61,204||54.43%|| 24,658||21.93%|| 2,133||1.90%|| 2,577||2.29%|| 112,447 |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |1981 || 21,204|| 15.97%|| 66,930||50.42%|| 23,595||17.78%|| 17,536||13.21%|| -|| -%|| 132,733 |- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" |1991 || 22,592|| 15.52%|| 80,377||55.21%|| 22,651||15.56%|| 15,651||10.75%|| 4,306||2.96%|| 145,577 |- bgcolor="#fffaf0" |2013 || 2,409|| 2.17%|| 92,988||84.02%|| 8,279||7.48%|| -||-%|| 6,987||6.31%|| 110,663 |- |colspan="14" align=center style="background:#dcdcdc;"|<small></small>''' |} {| style="width:66.6%; background:none;" |- | style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:0 solid gray;"| {{Line chart | color_background = white | width = 450 | height = 375 | padding_left = 70 | padding_right = 25 | padding_top = 10 | padding_bottom = 20 | number_of_series = 3 | number_of_x-values = 11 | label_x1 = 1879 | label_x2 = 1885 | label_x3 = 1910 | label_x4 = 1921 | label_x5 = 1948 | label_x6 = 1953 | label_x7 = 1961 | label_x8 = 1971 | label_x9 = 1981 | label_x10 = 1991 | label_x11 = 2013 | y_max = 160000 | y_min = 0 | scale = yes | S02V01 = 4174 | S02V02 = 6261 | S02V03 = 10637 | S02V04 = 11211 | S02V05 = 35399 | S02V06 = 38152 | S02V07 = 84341 | S02V08 = 112447 | S02V09 = 132733 | S02V10 = 145577 | S02V11 = 110663 }} | style="width:50%;"| {{Balkan Census|title=Population of Zenica City {{resize|80%|(Municipality till 2014)}} | source =<ref name="1879-1910 censuses"/><ref name="1921 census"/><ref name="Савезни завод за статистику СФРЈ"/><ref name="p2013 territories and not settlements">{{cite web|url=http://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/doc/RezultatiPopisa_SR.pdf |script-title=sr:Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова у Босни и Херцеговини 2013. — коначни резултати пописа |publisher=Агенција за статистику Босне и Херцеговине |website=popis.gov.ba |year=2013 |accessdate=26 July 2019|language=sr, en|page=66}}</ref> | 1828 = | 1857 = | 1869 = | 1879 = 4174 | 1880 = | 1885 = 6261 | 1890 = | 1895 = | 1910 = 10637 | 1921 = 11211 | 1931 = | 1948 = 35399 | 1953 = 38152 | 1961 = 84341 | 1971 = 112447 | 1981 = 132733 | 1991 = 145577 | 2013 = 110663 }} |} === Common surnames === The most common surname in Zenica is Delić (983 persons).<!--note: the following source is from Facebook page but is relevant because admins are famous Zenicans followed by thousands of citizens for true stories, no spam and like--><ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Zenicani/posts/496665630400663/|title=NAJČEŠĆA PREZIMENA U ZENICI|work=ZENICA - Stare slike i pričice|publisher=Facebook|date=9 April 2013|accessdate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728130212/https://www.facebook.com/Zenicani/posts/496665630400663/|archivedate=28 July 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> It is followed by Spahić (878),<ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames"/> and the most common BiH surname<ref name="BiH most common surname"/> – Hodžić<ref name="BiH most common surname">{{Cite web|url=http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a293562/Najcesca-prezimena-u-BiH.html|title=Najčešća prezimena u BiH|work=ba.n1info.com|accessdate=28 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> (815).<ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames"/> These are followed by Bajramović (701), Isaković (688), Imamović (669), Halilović (649), Beganović (643) and Šišić (566).<ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames"/> The previously mentioned surnames are borne by about 5.5% of the city's population.<ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames"/> Other common surnames are Arnaut, Babić, Bašić, Durmić, Fejzić, Pašalić, Mahmić, Kovačević and Alić.<ref name="Stare slike pričice surnames"/> In Zenica-Doboj Canton, most common surnames are (descending incidence, all with incidence >1,000 are listed):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forebears.io/bosnia-and-herzegovina/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina/zenica-doboj-canton#surnames|title=Most Common Surnames in Zenica-Doboj Canton|work=forebears.io|accessdate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728125940/https://forebears.io/bosnia-and-herzegovina/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina/zenica-doboj-canton#surnames|archivedate=28 July 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> {{Colbegin|colwidth=7em}} #Hodžić #Halilović #Delić #Spahić #Bašić #Imamović #Kovačević #Kadrić #Tadić #Marković #Babić #Begić #Alić #Šehić #Selimović #Beganović #Hadžić #Tomić #Muratović #Dedić #Šišić #Karić #Smajić #Sinanović #Jukić #Vidović #Ramić #Dizdarević #Brkić #Softić #Avdić #Pavlović #Matijević #Bošnjak #Pašalić #Šabanović #Fejzić #Radić #Lukić #Kovač #Petrović {{Colend}} ==Economy== [[File:Zenica (Stahlwerk).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Steelworks]] Zenica is a famous [[industry|industrial]] center.<ref name="zvanični vodič Grada"/> In the development politics until today, base branches of industry prevailed (production of iron and [[steel]], and [[coalmining]]). Exploitation of [[brown coal]] in Zenica has begun in 1880, and production of steel in 1892.<ref name="privredaZenice-zv">{{Cite web|url=http://gradzenica.weebly.com/privreda.html|title=Privreda|website=Zenica|language=bs}}</ref> In the pre-war period (in 1990), Zenica produced, among others, 1.4 tons of steel and 924,000 tons of coal, {{Convert|1,018,000|m2|ft2|abbr=on}} of cloth, 158,000 hL of [[milk]] etc. Employed workers nummbered 53,419 – 49,415 in the social sector (42,965 economy and 6,450 non-economy), and 4,004 employed men and women in private sector.<ref name="privredaZenice-zv"/> Even though the [[Bosnian War]] (1992–1995) did not bring destruction into Zenica to the extent it did elsewhere, the war damaged the economy. It is reflected in the interruption of the continuous process of steel production and a huge decrease in its production.<ref name="privredaZenice-zv"/> [[Farming]] and [[cattle breeding]] have significant preconditions for further increase in production, with greater application of agrotechnical measures. In the farming production, the most prominent is the production of high quality [[potato]]es – with significant market surpluses, [[carrots]], [[onion]], [[corn]], [[wheat]] and [[vegetables]]. Outside Zenica, the famous sheep [[cheese]] is praised and sought after.<ref name="privredaZenice-zv"/> ==Politics== [[File:Зеница 20190719 092730.jpg|thumb|300px|The fourth Zenica soliter in which {{Abbr|LC|Local Community (Serbo-Croatian: Mjesna zajednica / Мјесна заједница)}} Odmut is; on the building one can see a small notation for the street, "Bulevar Kulina bana", besides other bigger table "Bulevar Ezhera Eze Arnautovića" (former mayor during whose term boulevard-building began) – because of citizens not supporting decision the change of the boulevard's name]] ===Official symbols=== City of Zenica (City) has a coat of arms and a flag, which are official for the populated place (city) too.<ref name="grb-zastava">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/363273229/Grb-i-zastava-Zenice-Standardi-i-Tumacenje-pdf|title=Grb i zastava Zenice – Standardi i tumačenje|work=www.scribd.com|accessdate=20 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720181644/https://www.scribd.com/document/363273229/Grb-i-zastava-Zenice-Standardi-i-Tumacenje-pdf|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref><!--the following document is with obsolete look of the flag i.e. other variant with background colored in two colors--><ref name="grb-zastava 1">{{Cite web|url=https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/363273229/original/f1e145bf11/1551224227?v=1|title=Grb i zastava Zenice – Grafički standard i tumačenje|work=imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com|accessdate=20 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720181844/https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/363273229/original/f1e145bf11/1551224227?v=1|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}}</ref> The coat of arms is a square field with half-circled base framed with two lines, that have equal thickness and area. It has six elements shown with black lines of the same thickness. On the left side, following the frame of the coat of arms' field, the contour of the [[Bosna river]] can be seen, cut by two horizontal lines in the lower part – symbol of communication. In the remaining part of the coat of arms, there are four circular symbols representing (from left to right, from top to bottom) the symbol of Vranduk – northern gate of the city, one of the six crosses from ban Kulin's plate, symbol of Christianity at the same time, crescent moon – symbol of [[Islam]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period]], and crossed hammers – symbol of [[coalmining]] and heavy industry and indirectly symbol of Austro-Hungarian period, too. The field of the coat of arms is colored yellow and green. Yellow covers the field until the upper two circle elements level and the rest of the field is green. The crescent moon in the lower part is also yellow. The contour of the river is white.<ref name="grb-zastava"/><ref name="grb-zastava 1"/> Zenica's flag's background is white. Width vs length relationship is 1:2. Flag is vertically positioned in all its variants. At the middle part there is coat of arms set vertically along the length of the flag. The width of the coat of arms formerly occupied<ref name="zastava2/3nijeviše">{{Cite web|url=http://centar72.ba/sites/default/files/slike-prijava/11755178_10205238591543546_5004259657307104523_n.jpg|title=Slika Kamenog spavača, spomenika kod kojeg je okačena i zastava Zenice<!-- here you can see that CoA is not 2/3 of flag width-->|work=|accessdate=20 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720191711/http://centar72.ba/sites/default/files/slike-prijava/11755178_10205238591543546_5004259657307104523_n.jpg|archivedate=20 July 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> ⅔ of flag width.<ref name="grb-zastava"/><ref name="grb-zastava 1"/><ref name="zastava2/3nijeviše"/> Conditions and the way of usage of the coat of arms of Zenica is regulated by a special decision of the Council ''(see admin structure right below)''.<ref name="grb-zastava"/><ref name="grb-zastava 1"/> ===Governance: The seat of administration of the City=== In the populated place Zenica there is seat of the Authority of the City of Zenica and seat of City of Zenica (Municipality until 2014); the Authority consists of a City Mayor (Municipality Mayor until 2014), the Council of the City of Zenica (Municipality Council until 2014) and City Attorney's Office (Municipality Attorney's Office until 2014).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/gradska-uprava/|title=Gradska uprava|work=zenica.ba|accessdate=23 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> ====Mayors and City Mayors==== [[File:Abdulah Mutapčić.jpg|thumb|130px|A. Mutapčić, 23rd mayor]] For Zenica city role of importance is consequently played by City Mayor of Zenica City. Below is a list of former Zenica Mayors^{1–34&thinsp;+&thinsp;}* and City Mayors**. {{Colbegin|colwidth=25em}} # Ahmetaga Mutapčić (?–?) # Ali Harmandić (1908–1913) # Mahmud Tarabar (1913–1917) # Osman Mutapčić (1917–1923) # [[Ivo Ghey]] (1923–1925) # Ahmed Mutapčić (1926–1931) # [[Abdulaziz Asko Borić]] (1932–1935) # Eniz Mutapčić (1935–1936) # [[Mehmedalija Tarabar]] (1936–1941) # Ismet Salčinović (1941–1945) # Mustafa Čolaković (1945) # Mustafa Mujagić (1945) # Abdulaziz Asko Borić (1945–1946) # Jozo Marčinković (1945–1948) # Veljko Bilanović (1949–1950) # [[Nikola Spaić]] (1951–1952) # [[Safet Uzunović]] (1950–1955) # Đuro Vekić (1955–1959) # Milko Križanović (1959–1960) # [[Ezher Ezo Arnautović]] (1960–1965) # Vinko Jelčić (1965–1966) # Muhamed Berberović (1966–1970) # [[Abdulah Mutapčić]] (1970–1974) # Vinko Jelčić (1974–1978) # [[Nikola Mirković]] (1978–1982) # Salim Tarabar (1982–1983) # Muhamed Pašalić (1983–1984) # Nikola Telebak (1984–1985) # Omer Filipović (1986–1988) # Bogdan Kolar (1988–1990) # Ibrahim Alispahić (1990–1992) # [[Besim Spahić (Zenica)|Besim Spahić]] (1992–1997) # Ferid Alić (1997–2000) # Zakir Pašalić (2000–2004) # [[Husejin Smajlović]] (2004–2016)*^,&thinsp;** # [[Fuad Kasumović]] (2016–today)** {{Colend}} <hr> : ''source:'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/zenicki-nacelnici/|title=Zenički načelnici|website=zenica.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331150149/http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/zenicki-nacelnici/|archivedate=31 March 2019|deadurl=yes|language=bs}}</ref> ===Non-governmental organizations=== ''[[Scouts]]'' (''Izviđači'') are a children's and youth movement, and they accomplish their goals and programs with help of adult members of the organization. Scouts mainly acquaint nature, make friendships (children socialization) and learn useful skills that can help in the future of the life – both in the civilized world and nature. The scout organization in Zenica marked in 2017 its 65th anniversary of continuous existence. Since its founding there have been about 100,000 young people with different orientations in the Zenica scout organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zedo-ovisnost.ba/zenica/images/download/BILTEN_04.pdf|title=zedo-ovisnost.ba|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/lifestyle/vise-od-350-izvidjaca-iz-regije-na-smotri-u-zenici-se-natjece-i-stvara-nova-prijateljstva/190413030|title=Više od 350 izviđača iz regije na smotri u Zenici se natječe i stvara nova prijateljstva|website=Klix.ba|language=bs}}</ref> ==Culture== {{Multiple image|align=left|total_width=175|direction=vertical|header=Monuments of Zenica [[National Liberation Fight|NOB]]|image1=NOB Zenica 20180511 180202.jpg|caption1=|image2=NOB Zenica 20180511 180600.jpg|caption2=}} The city has the following institutions of cultural importance: the Camera Symphony Orchestra; Bosnian People's Theater with the Great Scene, Small Scene, Scene in the Basement and Kabare; Youth chorus; Art gallery; Museum of the City of Zenica. At the Bosnian People's Theater, beside the permanent ensemble, the Children's scene is also active with its own program. The Croat culture society "Napredak" (Advancement), Zenica affiliate, from 2010 has organized within Easter days every year "Tucijada" (beating eggs), competition on the occasion of the biggest Catholic festivity [[Easter]]. The goal is to find a participant with the strongest Easter-egg shell. Manifestation takes place in the rooms of the Croat house.<ref name="VI. Festival">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kockice.ba/udruga/plodovi-zemlje/u-sklopu-uskrsnih-dana-u-hkd-napredak-zenica-uprilicen-vi-festival-prirodnih-rakija-i-vii-uskrsna-tucijada/ |title=U sklopu Uskrsnih dana u HKD Napredak Zenica upriličen VI. Festival prirodnih rakija i VII. Uskrsna tucijada |work=www.kockice.ba|language=hr}}</ref> Since 2010 CCS "Napredak", Zenica affiliate, organizes every year on the occasion of Easter days ''Festival of the natural [[rakija]]s and [[liqueur]]s'', also in the Croat house.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svjosip-zenica.com/zupni-oglasi-za-2016-godinu/zupni-oglasi-13-ozujka-2016-5-korizmena-nedjelja|title= Župa sv. Josipa – Zenica, ''Župni oglasi – 13. ožujka 2016. / 5. korizmena nedjelja|work=svjosip-zenica.com|language=hr}}</ref><ref> * {{Cite web|url=http://hkdnapredak.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2387&Itemid=148 |title=HKD Napredak; ''Podružnica Zenica organizira bogat Uskrsni program|work=hkdnapredak.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426055555/http://hkdnapredak.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2387&Itemid=148|archivedate=26 April 2017|language=hr}} * {{Cite web|url=http://hkdnapredak.com/images/stories/plakatuskrsnihdana_2014_a3.pdf |title=Plakat Uskrsnog programa|work=hkdnapredak.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426063212/http://hkdnapredak.com/images/stories/plakatuskrsnihdana_2014_a3.pdf|archivedate=26 April 2017|language=hr}}</ref> The medieval musical ensemble [[Ensemble Fugato|Fugato]] is from Zenica, and so are the reggae/dub/rock band [[Dubioza kolektiv|Dubioza Kolektiv]] and pop-rock band [[Nemoguće Vruće]]. GUD "Filigran" Zenica and tamburaši "Zlatna žica" on 30 July took part in the International tamburaši's meetings ({{lang|sh|Međunarodni tamburaški susreti}}), that represented the eight-night show of Zenica summer fest 2019 (19 July – 9 August).<ref>[https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/07/30/zenica-summer-fest-2019-veceras-medunarodni-tamburaski-susreti/ zenicainfo.ba]</ref> ===National monuments=== [[File:Zenica 2006 2.jpg|thumb|305px|[[Zenica Synagogue]] and Zenicans]] There are several [[national monument]]s of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Zenica, at the former Municipality's i.e. City from 2014. On the [[List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina|list of national monuments of BiH]] for Zenica there are following monuments: {{flowlist| * [[Church of the Nativity of Our Lady (Zenica)|Church of the Nativity of Our Lady]] (historic building), * [[St. Elijah Church (Zenica)|St. Elijah Church with parish office]] (building entirety), * [[Papirna in Zenica|Building entirety of former Paper factory (Papirna)]] * [[Plate of the great judge Gradeša]], property of the Museum of the City of Zenica (moving well), * [[Sejmenska mosque (Zenica)]], place and the remains of building entirety, * [[Old mosque (Zenica)|Old mosque with Harem in Orahovica]] (building entirety), * [[Vranduk fortress|Old city of Vranduk]] (building entirety), * [[Sultan Ahmedova mosque (Zenica)|Sultan Ahmedova mosque and Madrasah]] (building entirety), * [[The building of the former Synagogue in Zenica]] (historic monument).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aplikacija.kons.gov.ba/kons/public/nacionalnispomenici?sort=idgrad&rows=50&page=16 |title=Spisak nacionalnih spomenika po mjestima (općina Zenica) |work=Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika Bosne i Hercegovine |accessdate= 13 December 2016|language=bs}}</ref> }} ==Attractions== {{multiple image|align=left|direction=vertical|total_width=110|image1=Zenica (Arena).jpg|caption1=[[Arena Zenica]] (City arena "Husejin Smajlović")|image2=Зеница 20190713 125857.jpg|caption2="Jabuka" building (Apple building)}} {{Colbegin|colwidth=25em}} * [[Tvrđava Vranduk]] <small>[Vranduk fortress]</small> * [[Zenička sinagoga]] <small>[Zenica synagogue]</small> * Spomenik Kameni spavač <small>[Stone sleeper monument]</small> * Spomenici {{Nowrap|NOB-a}} <small>[NOB monuments]</small> * Bulevar Kulina bana <small>[Kulin ban's boulevard]</small> * Stara čaršija <small>[Old Čaršija]</small> * Hadži Mazića kuća <small>[Hadži Mazića house]</small> * Medresa <small>[Madrasah]</small> * Korzo <small>[Corso]</small><!--part before the stone bridge--> * Kameniti most <small>[Stone bridge]</small> * [[Muzej grada Zenice]] <small>[Zenica City Museum]</small> * [[Crkva Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice (Zenica)|Crkva Rođenja Svete Bogorodice]] <small>[Church of the Nativity of Our Lady]</small> * [[Crkva Svetog Ilije (Zenica)|Crkva Svetog Ilije]] <small>[St. Elijah Church]</small> * Čaršijska džamija <small>[Čaršijska mosque]</small> * Sejmenska džamija <small>[Sejmenska mosque]</small> * [[Smetovi (planina)|Smetovi]] <small>[Smetovi]</small> * Bistričak <small>[Bistričak]</small> * [[Kamberovića polje]] <small>[Kamberovića polje]</small> * Lamela <small>[Lamela]</small> * [[Bosansko narodno pozorište]] <small>[Bosnian People's Theater]</small> * Gradska tržnica <small>&#91;City [[tržnica]]&#93;</small> * Sajam [[ZEPS]] <small>[ZEPS fair]</small> * Sajam Dani organske proizvodnje <small>[Days of organic production fair]</small> * Festival Zenica summer fest <small>[Zenica summer fest festival]</small> * Robne kuće Bosanka<!--former Beograđanka, one of the most modern in SFRY--> & Zeničanka <small>[Bosanka & Zeničanka shopping malls]</small> * {{Nowrap|Šoping-centar}} Džananović <small>[Shopping center Džananović]</small><!--Zenicans say Dženanović--> * {{Abbr|MI|Metalurški institut}} "Kemal Kapetanović" <small>[MI "Kemal Kapetanović"]</small> * [[Željezara Zenica]] <small>[Ironworks Zenica]</small> * Papirna <small>[Papirna]</small> * Rudnik Stara jama <small>[Old pit mine]</small> * [[Zenički zatvor]] <small>[Zenica prison]</small> * Dom [[Armija BiH|Armije]], bivši Dom [[Jugoslovenska narodna armija|JNA]] <small>[Army house, former JNA house]</small> * [[Zenička arena]] <small>[Zenica arena]</small> * [[Hotel Internacional]] <small>[International hotel]</small> * [[NK Čelik|FK Čelik]] <small>[FC Čelik]</small> * [[Stadion Bilino polje]] <small>[Bilino polje stadium]</small> * Četiri solitera na Odmutu <small>[Four soldiers on Odmut]</small> * Zgrada Jabuka <small>[Apple building]</small> * Crkvice <small>[Crkvice]</small> * Jalija <small>[Jalija]</small> * Janjići <small>[Janjići]</small> * Drivuša <small>[Drivuša]</small> * Carina i Stari mlin u Zacarini <small>[Carina and Old mill in Zacarina]</small> * Bazeni u Babinoj Rijeci <small>[Pools in Babina Rijeka]</small> * Kino Multiplex ekran <small>[Multiplex Ekran Cinema]</small> * Zelena<!--Saturdays and Wednesdays especially--> & Buvlja/stočna pijaca<!--Saturdays and Wednesdays--> <small>[Green & Flea/cattle piazzas]</small> * Gradska kafana <small>[City kafana]</small> * Mljekara {{Abbr|ZIM|Zenička industrija mlijeka}} <small>[Dairy factory {{Abbr|ZIM|Zenica Industry of Milk}}]</small> * {{Abbr|PZ|Poslovna zona}} Nova Zenica i Kanal <small>[{{Abbr|BZ|Business Zone}} New Zenica and Kanal]</small> * Most Drvena ćuprija <small>[Wooden cuprii bridge]</small> * Viseći Jalijski most <small>[Suspended Jalija bridge]</small> * Dom penzionera Zenica <small>[Retirement home Zenica]</small> * Spomenik {{Abbr|ZPO|Zeničkom partizanskom odredu}} na Smetovima<!-- from 1968--> <small>[Monument to {{Abbr|ZPO|Zenica partisan odred}} on Smetovi]</small> * Zgrada HKD "Napredak"<!--, podružnica Zenica--> <small>[Building of HCS "Napredak"<!--, Zenica affiliate-->]</small> {{Colend}} {{Clear}} ==Sports== [[File:Tribine kamberovica.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Athletic stadium at [[Kamberovića polje]]]] Zenica has remarkable base for the development of sport and mass physical culture. Zenica sportspeople and sportsworkers achieved a series of noted results – both on Bosnia and Herzegovina and international sports scenes.<ref name="gradzenica.weebly.com/sport">{{Cite web|url=http://gradzenica.weebly.com/sport.html|title=Sport|website=Zenica|language=bs}}</ref> [[NK Čelik|FC Čelik]] is a two-time winner of the former [[Central European Cup]]. From the recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Čelik has been thrice state champion, and won the Cup twice. Significant results were made also by [[Rugby football|rugby]] players of Čelik, who were eight-time champions of [[SFR Yugoslavia]], won the Cup six times and were double champion of BiH.<ref name="gradzenica.weebly.com/sport"/> Since 1992, noted international results were made by tennis player [[Mervana Jugić-Salkić|Mervana Jugić]], high jumper [[Elvir Krehmić]], shooter Šejla Kurtagić, karatist [[Arnel Kalušić]] etc.<ref name="gradzenica.weebly.com/sport"/> Zenica has 45 working clubs in which there are many professionally and amateur sportsworkers employed. Zenica is also the only BiH city in which there is working Club of extreme sports (Scorpio), with focuses on [[alpinism]] and [[sports climbing]].<ref name="gradzenica.weebly.com/sport"/> {{Clear}} ===Clubs list=== {{Div col}} * Aeroklub "Zenica" <small>[aeroclub]</small> * Asocijacija {{Nowrap|radio-amatera}} <small>[radio-amaeteurs]</small> * Asocijacija {{Nowrap|radio-amatera}} {{Nowrap|radio-klub}} "Zenica" <small>[radio-amaeteurs]</small> * Atletski klub "Zenica" <small>[athletics]</small> * Biciklistički klub "Zenica – Metalno" <small>[byciclism]</small> * Bokserski klub "Čelik" <small>[box]</small> * Invalidski odbojkaški klub "Bosna" <small>[disabled volleyball]</small> * Džudo klub "Policajac" <small>[Judo]</small> * Karate klub "{{Nowrap|Hasen-do}}" <small>[Karate]</small> * Karate klub "Zenica – Mladost" <small>[Karate]</small> * Karate klub "Nico" <small>[Karate]</small> * Košarkaški invalidski klub "Bosna" <small>[disabled basketball]</small> * Klub borilačkih vještina "Isak" <small>[martial arts]</small> * Klub ekstremnih sportova "Scorpio" <small>[extreme sports]</small> * Košarkaški klub "Čelik" (žene) <small>[basketball (women)]</small> * [[KK Čelik|Košarkaški klub "Čelik"]] <small>[basketball]</small> * Košarkaški klub "Željezara – Zenica" (žene) <small>[basketball (women)]</small> * Klub sjedeće odbojke "Zenica 92" <small>[sitting volleyball]</small> * Malonogomentni klub "Drugari" <small>[futsal]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Borac" (Tetovo) <small>[football]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Iris" (žene) <small>[football (women)]</small> * [[NK Čelik|Fudbalski klub "Čelik"]] <small>[football]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Nemila" <small>[football]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Zenica 97" <small>[football]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Zlatni ljiljan" <small>[football]</small> * Fudbalski klub "Željezničar" <small>[football]</small> * Odbojkaški klub "Zenica" <small>[volleyball]</small> * Odbojkaški klub "Ruki" <small>[volleyball]</small> * Plivački klub "Željezara" <small>[swimming]</small> * Plesni klub "Latino" <small>[dance]</small> * Rafting klub "Žara" <small>[rafting]</small> * Rafting klub "Bosna" <small>[rafting]</small> * [[Ragbi klub "Čelik"]] <small>[rugby]</small> * [[Ragbi klub "Rudar"]] <small>[rugby]</small> * Ragbi klub "Zenica 72" <small>[rugby]</small> * [[Rukometni klub "Čelik]]" <small>[handball]</small> * Smučarski klub "Zenica" <small>[skiing]</small> * Stonoteniski klub "Mladost" <small>[table tennis]</small> * Stonoteniski klub "Željezara" <small>[table tennis]</small> * Streljački klub "Zenica" <small>[shooting]</small> * Šahovski klub "Čelik" <small>[chess]</small> * Šahovski klub "Preporod" <small>[chess]</small> * Teniski klub "Čelik" <small>[tennis]</small> * Tekvondo klub "Zenica" <small>[Taekwondo]</small> * Udruženje građana sportskih ribolovaca [[RD "Bistro" Zenica|RD "Bistro"]] Zenica <small>[fishing]</small> <hr> : ''source:'' <ref name="gradzenica.weebly.com/sport"/> {{Div col end}} ==Transportation and infrastructure== [[File:Train Bosnia Zenica 08-08-2008.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Electric train in Zenica]] Zenica is connected with [[Sarajevo]] [{{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} South-East] by railway and road lines – both of which follow the valley of the Bosna river. [[A1 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Highway А1]] connects Zenica with Sarajevo and [[Mostar]]. The railway follows further to the south, and at the end it comes to the coast in [[Ploče]] ([[Croatia]]).<ref name="zvanični vodič Grada">{{Cite web|url=http://fipa.gov.ba/investiranje/lokacije/local_investment_opportunities/default.aspx?id=12950|title=Grad Zenica – vodič za investitore|work=fipa.gov.ba|accessdate=22 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> Roads in the city are relatively bad. Exceptions are newly-built main city magistral (GGM) and some parts of the main city roads in the center and New Zenica. Widening of the roads toward some surrounding settlements and villages is being prepared, and works have begun in some places already (roads around Vranduk, towards Nemila and Bistričak resort).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/radovi-na-sanaciji-putne-komunikacije-nemila-bistricak-se-nastavljaju-385395|title=Radovi na sanaciji putne komunikacije Nemila-Bistričak se nastavljaju|first=Elvir|last=Bešlić|website=Oslobođenje d.o.o.|language=bs}}</ref> Closest airport is [[Sarajevo International Airport]].<ref name="zvanični vodič Grada"/> ; Rebuild of Vranduk tunnel During 2019, the city faces the problem of rebuilding the "Vranduk" tunnel, that will according to the plans last even until the end of the first quarter of the following year;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/iako-je-uvedena-i-treca-smjena-zavrsetak-radova-u-tunule-vranduk-tek-2020-godine/344301|title=Iako je uvedena i treća smjena: Završetak radova u tunelu Vranduk tek 2020. godine|first=N.|last=K|website=Radio Sarajevo|language=bs}}</ref> transportation is basically done in one lane alternately, and sometimes there is complete stopping of traffic and accidents of many types occur very often (vehicles go off the narrower alternative roads, drivers engage in physical clashes due to impatience and heat, etc.).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/video-agonija-tunela-vranduk-i-smjene-469063|title=(VIDEO) Agonija tunela Vranduk i smjene|first=Oslobođenje|last=PORTAL|website=Oslobođenje d.o.o.|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2018/12/27/naizmjenicno-odvijanje-saobracaja-kroz-tunel-vranduk/|title=Naizmjenično odvijanje saobraćaja kroz tunel Vranduk|date=27 December 2018|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/nocas-obustava-saobracaja-u-tunelu-vranduk-ii-468614|title=Noćas obustava saobraćaja u tunelu Vranduk II|work=Oslobođenje PORTAL|publisher=Oslobođenje d.o.o.|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zenit.ba/saobracajna-nesreca-u-tunelu-kod-zenice-povrijedjena-jedna-osoba/|title=Saobraćajna nesreća u tunelu kod Zenice, povrijeđena jedna osoba|date=3 May 2019|language=bs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a321652/Potukli-se-vozaci-u-blizini-tunela-Vranduk-kod-Zenice.html|title=Potukli se vozači u blizini tunela Vranduk kod Zenice|website=N1 BA|language=bs}}</ref> ==Education== [[File:Зеница 20190713 131021.jpg|thumb|215px|Technical high school on Bilimišće]] {{Further|University of Zenica}} There are 19 elementary and 12 high<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zenicainfo.ba/2019/06/18/danas-poceo-upis-u-prve-razrede-srednjih-skola-na-podrucju-zdk/|title=Danas počeo upis u prve razrede srednjih škola na području ZDK|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> [[schools]] in Zenica city. Among others, there are elementary<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Elementary-School/JU-Osnovna-muzička-škola-Zenica-518061434895630/|title=JU Osnovna muzička škola Zenica|website=www.facebook.com|language=bs}}</ref> and high<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smuze.ba/|title=JU Srednja muzička škola Zenica|website=JU Srednja muzička škola Zenica|language=bs}}</ref> music schools, an elementary special school,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ba.ekapija.com/index.php/company/103271/ju-osnovna-specijalna-skola-zenica|title=JU Osnovna specijalna škola Zenica|website=ba.ekapija.com|language=bs}}</ref> and Catholic school center "Saint Paul" which has an elementary school and a gymnasium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksczenica.ba/|title=KŠC Sv. Pavao, Zenica|website=www.ksczenica.ba|language=hr}}</ref> Zenica is a [[university]] city.<ref name="zvanični vodič Grada"/> The [[University of Zenica]] consists of several [[Faculty (division)|faculties]]: [[Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Zenica|Mechanical Engineering Faculty]], [[Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials in Zenica|Metallurgy and Materials Faculty]], [[Faculty of Philosophy in Zenica|Philosophy]], [[Faculty of Law in Zenica|Law]], [[Faculty of Economics in Zenica|Economics]], [[Faculty of Medicine in Zenica|Medicine]], [[Islamic Pedagogical Faculty in Zenica|Islamic Pedagogical Faculty]] and [[Polytechnic Faculty in Zenica|Polytechnic Faculty]].<ref name="zvanični vodič Grada"/> ==Media== The main medium of communication in the city is its [[public media|public]] service, [[RTV Zenica|Radio and Television of Zenica]] (RTVZE). It is seated in Boulevard of King Tvrtko I street, across the road where the main city bus station is located.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtvze.ba/kontakt/|title=Kontakt: JP "RTV Zenica" d.o.o Zenica|work=rtvze.ba|accessdate=26 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> There are no other television stations in the city; the closest is [[NTV IC Kakanj]]. There are many other radio stations, such as: Radio Zenit, Narodni Radio Zenica, Radio Mix, Radio TNT Zenica, Radio ZOS, Uživo radio, BM radio (former), Q radio Zenica, YUB radio, Radio Zeničko nebo, and Radio Dijaspora Zenica. Zenica has one newspaper and it is free of charge (also the first Bosnian free newspaper), ''Superinfo'', distributed to the citizens at street stands (rarely, nowadays) or by paper boys who bring them to most of the public flat buildings in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://superinfo.ba/|title=Superinfo {{!}} Prve bh besplatne novine|work=superinfo.ba|accessdate=26 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> The city has an official gazette (''Službene novine Grada Zenica'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/gradska-uprava/sluzbene-novine-grada-zenica/|title=Službene novine Grada Zenica|work=zenica.ba|accessdate=26 July 2019|language=bs}}</ref> The seats of the national ''[[Dnevni avaz]]'' and ''[[Naša riječ]]'' newspapers correspondence offices are located in Zenica, in the "Jabuka" building below Hamida hill and on the other side of the building where RTVZE has its seat, respectively. ==Notable people== <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> * [[Hasiba Agić]], sevdalinka-folk singer and interpreter * [[Bruno Akrapović]], former football player * [[Hamza Alić]], shot putter – Balkan champion and European silver medalist * [[Teoman Alibegović]], basketball player * [[Anabela Basalo]], writer * [[Sandra Bagarić]], soprano and TV presenter * [[Kenan Bajramović]], basketball player * [[Mensur Bajramović]], basketball coach and BiH representation selector * [[Elvir Bolić]], former football player * [[Senad Brkić]], football player * [[Ante Budimir]], football player * [[Aljoša Buha]], musician, bassist, [[Crvena jabuka]], [[Kongres]] * [[Jasmin Burić]], football player – goalkeeper * [[Dragan Čavić]], Serb politician, fifth president of Republic of Srpska (2002–2006) * [[Jasmin Dizdar]], film director * [[Nihad Fetić Hakala]], folk singer * [[Tarik Filipović]], actor and TV presenter * [[Nikolina Grabovac]], basketball player (Croatia) * [[Ahmet Hadžipašić]], prime minister of FBiH Government (2003–2008) * [[Adnan Harmandić]], handball player * [[Esad Hećimović]], investigative journalist * [[Arif Heralić]], smelter from Ironworks Zenica, worker of Zenica – Metalno; his face is on the Yugoslavian note of 1,000 dinars (1955) * [[Mirsad Hibić]], former football player * [[Mirjana Horvat]], shooter * [[Branimir Hrgota]], football player (Sweden) * [[Amar Jašarspahić|Amar Jašarspahić Gile]], pop-folk singer * [[Darko Jelčić]], musician, drummer, [[Crvena jabuka]] * [[Mervana Jugić-Salkić|Mervana {{Nowrap|Jugić-Salkić}}]], tennis player * [[Edin Karamazov]], a musician of international character, the master of lute<ref name="glas.ba">{{Cite web|url=https://www.glas.ba/2017/05/27/zenicani-karamazov-i-jelic-spajanje-dva-muzicka-svijeta/|title=Zeničani Karamazov i Jelić: spajanje dva muzička svijeta|language=bs}}</ref> * [[Nusreta Kobić]], sevdalinka interpreter * [[Dubioza kolektiv|Dubioza Kolektiv]], ska/reggae/rock/{{Nowrap|hip-hop}} band * [[Elvir Krehmić]], high jumper – BiH recorder * [[Mladen Krstajić]], football player, Partizan Belgrade (Serbia) * [[Igor Laikert]], Bosnian-Herzegovinian alpine skier * [[Otto Lang (film producer)|Otto Lang]], ski legend and American film producer * [[Dejan Lovren]], football player (Croatia) * [[Danijel Ljuboja]], theater actor, member of the ZKM ensemble (Croatia) * [[Emir Mutapčić]], former basketball player and basketball coach * [[Ivan Opačak]], basketball player * [[Semir Osmanagić]], archaeologist * [[Srećko Pejović]], shooter, world recorder * [[Mesud Pezer]], shot putter – bronze player on Mediterraneas plays 2018 * [[Vanja Plisnić]], basketball player (Serbia) * [[Senad Podojak]], Koran reciter * [[Emir Preldžić]], basketball player * [[Milorad Ratković]], former football player – European cup winner * [[Hasan Rizvić]], basketball player (Slovenia) * [[Nermin Šabić]], football player * [[Zoran Savić]], former basketball player – Olympic silver medalist, world and European champion; general manager of Barcelona (Spain) * [[Vuka Šeherović]], folk singer * [[Ivan Šunjić]], Croatian football player * [[Danis Tanović]], film director, Oscar winner * [[Amel Tuka]], runner at 800 m – Balkan and Diamond league in Monaco champion * [[Siniša Ubiparipović]], former football player (USA) * [[Nemoguće Vruće]], rock band <hr> :''source:'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gradzenica.weebly.com/poznati-zeni269ani.html|title=Poznati Zeničani|website=Zenica|language=bs}}</ref> {{Colend}} ==Partner cities== {{Colbegin|colwidth=17em}} * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Hunedoara]], [[Romania]] * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Üsküdar]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Karşıyaka]], [[İzmir]], [[Turkey]] * {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Luleå]], [[Sweden]] * {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Zalaegerszeg]], [[Hungary]] * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Fiorenzuola d'Arda]], [[Italy]] * {{flagicon|Macedonia}} [[Veles, North Macedonia|Veles]], [[North Macedonia|Macedonia]] * {{flagicon|Bosnia}} [[Jajce]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/gradovi-prijatelji/|title=Gradovi prijatelji|website=www.zenica.ba}}</ref> {{Colend}} ==See also== * [[Kakanj]] ==Notes== :1.{{Note|a}}{{Note|b}} Bosniaks declared themselves as Muslims prior to the 2013 census. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> ; English * {{Cite web|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e-5.htm|title=IV. ATTACKS ON TOWNS AND VILLAGES: KILLINGS: 9. The Shelling of Zenica|website=[[ICTY|www.icty.org]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721012303/http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e-5.htm|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.bosniafacts.info/video-holder/zenica-massacre|title=Zenica massacre|website=bosniafacts.info|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111120613/http://www.bosniafacts.info/video-holder/zenica-massacre|archivedate=11 January 2018|deadurl=yes}} ;Bosnian * {{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/historija-zenice/|title=Historija Zenice|trans-title=Zenica history|website=www.zenica.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721040550/http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/o-gradu/historija-zenice/|archivedate=21 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} ** {{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/kontakti/dezurni-telefoni-u-gradu/|title=Dežurni telefoni u gradu|trans-title=Emergency phones in the city|website=www.zenica.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726150014/http://www.zenica.ba/fakta/kontakti/dezurni-telefoni-u-gradu/|archivedate=26 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} ** {{Cite web|url=http://www.zenica.ba/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2019/Kontakti_Mjesne_zajednice.pdf|title=Mjesne zajednice – kontakti|trans-title=Local communities – contacts|format=direct download link|website=www.zenica.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726150116/http://www.zenica.ba/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2019/Kontakti_Mjesne_zajednice.pdf|archivedate=26 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.bosanskehistorije.com/historija/36-etimologija/1379-historija-grada-zenice|title=Historija grada Zenice|trans-title=Zenica city history|website=www.bosanskehistorije.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809155332/https://www.bosanskehistorije.com/historija/36-etimologija/1379-historija-grada-zenice|archivedate=9 August 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} * {{Cite web|url=http://cista-rijeka-bosna.org/WP/grad-zenica/|title=Grad Zenica|trans-title=Zenica City|website=cista-rijeka-bosna.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721220928/http://cista-rijeka-bosna.org/WP/grad-zenica/|archivedate=22 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} * {{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTKzxUga9tM|title=125 godina proizvodnje čelika u Zenici kroz fotografiju|trans-title=125 years of steel production in Zenica through photography|website=www.youtube.com|publisher=[[ArcelorMittal]]|archiveurl=https://archive.is/INJZr|archivedate=9 August 2019|deadurl=no|language=bs}} * {{Cite book|last=Kreševljaković|first=Hamdija|year=1991|chapter=Esnafi i obrti u Bosni i Hercegovini (1463–1878)|trans-chapter=Guilds and trades in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463–1878)|title=Izabrana djela|trans-title=Selected works|edition=II|editor1=Avdo Sućeska|editor2=Enes Pelidija|editor3=Emir Sultanović|location=Sarajevo [Novi Sad]|publisher=Veselin Masleša [Budućnost]|pages=293—381 /380—381/|url=https://vdocuments.mx/hamdija-kresevljakovic-esnafi-i-obrti-u-bih-1463-1878-5657497e093d1.html|language=bs}} {{COBISS.SR|439831}}. {{COBISS.BIH|439831}} {{COBISS.RS|439831}}. * {{Cite web|url=http://kakanj.com.ba/v4/31-godisnjica-smrti-kemala-kapetanovica/|title=Dogodilo se na današnji dan: 3. juna 1984. godine umro akademik Kemal Kapetanović|trans-title=Happened on the today's day: on 3 June 1984 academic Kemal Kapetanović died|website=kakanj.com.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604190754/http://kakanj.com.ba/v4/31-godisnjica-smrti-kemala-kapetanovica/|archivedate=4 June 2016|deadurl=no|language=bs}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.kockice.ba/ksc/na-sutliji-sa-prof-zeljkom-stapicem/|title=Na sutliji sa prof. Željkom Stapićem|trans-title=On rice pudding with Prof Željko Stapić|website=kockice.ba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722150750/https://www.kockice.ba/ksc/na-sutliji-sa-prof-zeljkom-stapicem/|archivedate=4 June 2016|deadurl=no|language=bs}} ;Croatian * {{Cite web|url=http://www.slobodanpraljak.com/MATERIJALI/RATNI%20DOKUMENTI/KRONOLOGIJA%20DOGADJANJA%20SREDNJA%20BOSNA%20-%20ZBORNO%20PODRUCJE%20VITEZ/srednja_bosna_zborno_podrucje_vitez.pdf|title=Operativna zona Srednja Bosna|trans-title=Operative zone Middle Bosnia|website=slobodanpraljak.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033616/http://www.slobodanpraljak.com/MATERIJALI/RATNI%20DOKUMENTI/KRONOLOGIJA%20DOGADJANJA%20SREDNJA%20BOSNA%20-%20ZBORNO%20PODRUCJE%20VITEZ/srednja_bosna_zborno_podrucje_vitez.pdf|archivedate=3 December 2013|deadurl=yes|language=hr}} * {{Cite web|url=https://hdlskl.hr/svjedocanstva/zenica/|title=Hrvatsko društvo logoraša srpskih koncentracijskih logora – Zenica|trans-title=Croat society of camp prisoners of Serb concentration camps – Zenica|website=hdlskl.hr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722170904/https://hdlskl.hr/svjedocanstva/zenica/|archivedate=22 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=hr}} ;Serbo-Croatian * {{Cite web|url=https://www.jevtic.net/zenica_pjesme.html|title=Tekstovi pjesama o Zenici|trans-title=Lyrics for songs about Zenica|website=www.jevtic.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722122758/https://www.jevtic.net/zenica_pjesme.html|archivedate=22 July 2019|deadurl=no|language=sr}} {{Colend}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|Zenica}} * {{Official website|http://www.zenica.ba/}} {{bs icon}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Zenica}} {{Zenica}} {{Zenica-Doboj Canton}} {{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|state=collapsed|state_mun=expanded}} {{Authority control}}{{Portal bar|Geography|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Category:Zenica| ]] [[Category:Populated places in Zenica]]'